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Zhou J, Gu J, Sun X, Ye Q, Wu X, Xi J, Han J, Liu Y. Supramolecular Chiral Binding Affinity-Achieved Efficient Synergistic Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308493. [PMID: 38380492 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular chirality-mediated selective interaction among native assemblies is essential for precise disease diagnosis and treatment. Herein, to fully understand the supramolecular chiral binding affinity-achieved therapeutic efficiency, supramolecular chiral nanoparticles (WP5⊃D/L-Arg+DOX+ICG) with the chirality transfer from chiral arginine (D/L-Arg) to water-soluble pillar[5]arene (WP5) are developed through non-covalent interactions, in which an anticancer drug (DOX, doxorubicin hydrochloride) and a photothermal agent (ICG, indocyanine green) are successfully loaded. Interestingly, the WP5⊃D-Arg nanoparticles show 107 folds stronger binding capability toward phospholipid-composed liposomes compared with WP5⊃L-Arg. The enantioselective interaction further triggers the supramolecular chirality-specific drug accumulation in cancer cells. As a consequence, WP5⊃D-Arg+DOX+ICG exhibits extremely enhanced chemo-photothermal synergistic therapeutic efficacy (tumor inhibition rate of 99.4%) than that of WP5⊃L-Arg+DOX+ICG (tumor inhibition rate of 56.4%) under the same condition. This work reveals the breakthrough that supramolecular chiral assemblies can induce surprisingly large difference in cancer therapy, providing strong support for the significance of supramolecular chirality in bio-application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Jiake Gu
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Qianyun Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Juqun Xi
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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2
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Wang XF, Xu K, Li XR, Liu YX, Cheng JM. Damage Effect of Amorphous Carbon Black Nanoparticle Aggregates on Model Phospholipid Membranes: Surface Charge, Exposure Concentration and Time Dependence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2999. [PMID: 36833694 PMCID: PMC9959192 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Commercial nano-scale carbon blacks (CB) are being harnessed widely and may impose potentially hazardous effects because of their unique properties, especially if they have been modified to grow reactive functional groups on their surface. Cytotoxicity of CB has been well studied but the membrane damage mechanisms and role of surface modification are still open to debate. Negatively and positively charged giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) were prepared using three lipids as model cell membranes to examine the mechanistic damage of CB and MCB (modified by acidic potassium permanganate) aggregates. Optical images showed that both anionic CB and MCB disrupted the positively charged but not the negatively charged GUVs. This disruption deteriorated with the rise and extension of exposure concentration and time. Lipids extraction caused by CBNs (CB and MCB together are called CBNs) was found. MCB caused more severe disruption than CB. MCB was enveloped into vesicles through an endocytosis-like process at 120 mg/L. MCB mediated the gelation of GUVs, perhaps through C-O-P bonding bridges. The lower hydrodynamic diameter and more negative charges may have been responsible for the distinction effect of MCB over CB. The adhesion and bonding of CBNs to the membrane were favored by electrostatic interaction and the practical application of CBNs warrants more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jie-Min Cheng
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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3
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Maani Z, Farajnia S, Rahbarnia L, Hosseingholi EZ, Khajehnasiri N, Mansouri P. Rational design of an anti-cancer peptide inhibiting CD147 / Cyp A interaction. J Mol Struct 2023; 1272:134160. [PMID: 36128074 PMCID: PMC9479519 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The CD147 / Cyp A interaction is a critical pathway in cancer types and an essential factor in entering the COVID-19 virus into the host cell. Melittin acts as an inhibitory peptide in cancer types by blocking the CD147/ Cyp A interaction. The clinical application of Melittin is limited due to weak penetration into cancer cells. TAT is an arginine-rich peptide with high penetration ability into cells widely used in drug delivery systems. This study aimed to design a hybrid peptide derived from Melittin and TAT to inhibit CD147 /Cyp A interaction. An amino acid region with high anti-cancer activity in Melittin was selected based on the physicochemical properties. Based on the results, a truncated Melittin peptide with 15 amino acids by the GGGS linker was fused to a TAT peptide (nine amino acids) to increase the penetration rate into the cell. A new hybrid peptide analog(TM) was selected by replacing the glycine with serine based on random point mutation. Docking results indicated that the TM peptide acts as an inhibitory peptide with high binding energy when interacting with CD147 and the CypA proteins. RMSD and RMSF results confirmed the high stability of the TM peptide in interaction with CD147. Also, the coarse-grained simulation showed the penetration potential of TM peptide into the DOPS-DOPC model membrane. Our findings indicated that the designed multifunctional peptide could be an attractive therapeutic candidate to halter tumor types and COVID-19 infection.
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Jayasinghe MK, Lee CY, Tran TTT, Tan R, Chew SM, Yeo BZJ, Loh WX, Pirisinu M, Le MTN. The Role of in silico Research in Developing Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutics. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:838590. [PMID: 35373184 PMCID: PMC8965754 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.838590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) hold great potential as therapeutics, particularly in the realm of drug delivery. They are effective at functional cargo delivery and offer a great degree of amenability that can be used to offset toxic side effects or to target drugs to specific regions in the body. However, there are many challenges associated with the development of NP-based drug formulations that hamper their successful clinical translation. Arguably, the most significant barrier in the way of efficacious NP-based drug delivery systems is the tedious and time-consuming nature of NP formulation—a process that needs to account for downstream effects, such as the onset of potential toxicity or immunogenicity, in vivo biodistribution and overall pharmacokinetic profiles, all while maintaining desirable therapeutic outcomes. Computational and AI-based approaches have shown promise in alleviating some of these restrictions. Via predictive modeling and deep learning, in silico approaches have shown the ability to accurately model NP-membrane interactions and cellular uptake based on minimal data, such as the physicochemical characteristics of a given NP. More importantly, machine learning allows computational models to predict how specific changes could be made to the physicochemical characteristics of a NP to improve functional aspects, such as drug retention or endocytosis. On a larger scale, they are also able to predict the in vivo pharmacokinetics of NP-encapsulated drugs, predicting aspects such as circulatory half-life, toxicity, and biodistribution. However, the convergence of nanomedicine and computational approaches is still in its infancy and limited in its applicability. The interactions between NPs, the encapsulated drug and the body form an intricate network of interactions that cannot be modeled with absolute certainty. Despite this, rapid advancements in the area promise to deliver increasingly powerful tools capable of accelerating the development of advanced nanoscale therapeutics. Here, we describe computational approaches that have been utilized in the field of nanomedicine, focusing on approaches for NP design and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Migara Kavishka Jayasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Program, Cancer Program and Nanomedicine Translational Program, Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chang Yu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Trinh T T Tran
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Program, Cancer Program and Nanomedicine Translational Program, Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Vingroup Science and Technology Scholarship Program, Vin University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Rachel Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah Min Chew
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brendon Zhi Jie Yeo
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Xiu Loh
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Program, Cancer Program and Nanomedicine Translational Program, Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marco Pirisinu
- Jotbody (HK) Pte Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Program, Cancer Program and Nanomedicine Translational Program, Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhu H, Yang H, Ma Y, Lu TJ, Xu F, Genin GM, Lin M. Spatiotemporally Controlled Photoresponsive Hydrogels: Design and Predictive Modeling from Processing through Application. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2000639. [PMID: 32802013 PMCID: PMC7418561 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive hydrogels (PRHs) are soft materials whose mechanical and chemical properties can be tuned spatially and temporally with relative ease. Both photo-crosslinkable and photodegradable hydrogels find utility in a range of biomedical applications that require tissue-like properties or programmable responses. Progress in engineering with PRHs is facilitated by the development of theoretical tools that enable optimization of their photochemistry, polymer matrices, nanofillers, and architecture. This review brings together models and design principles that enable key applications of PRHs in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and soft robotics, and highlights ongoing challenges in both modeling and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Haiqian Yang
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Yufei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical StructuresNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials and StructuresXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Guy M. Genin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials ScienceWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63130USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering MechanobiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63130USA
| | - Min Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
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Uehara TM, Cancino-Bernardi J, Miranda PB, Zucolotto V. Investigating the interactions of corona-free SWCNTs and cell membrane models using sum-frequency generation. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5711-5717. [PMID: 32525195 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the interactions between biomolecules and nanomaterials is of great importance in many areas of nanomedicine and bioapplications. Numerous studies in this area have been performed. However, toxicological aspects involving the interaction between phospholipids and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) remain undefined, especially for those cases in which a protein corona is not formed around the nanomaterial (corona-free nanomaterials). This study focuses on the interaction of Langmuir films of dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with corona-free, single-walled CNTs. Surface pressure-area isotherms and sum-frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy, a non-linear optical technique used to study surfaces and interfaces, were used to investigate the lipid tail orientation and conformation, aiming to understand the interactions between phospholipids and single walled carbon nanotubes functionalized by carboxylic acid (SWCNTs-COOH) at the air-water interface under low ionic strength conditions. Data from isotherms and SFG spectra revealed that the SWCNT adsorption at the air-water interface is induced by the presence of both lipids, although at a lesser extent for DPPG due to its anionic head group, which could result in repulsion of SWCNTs-COOH that also bear a negative charge. Furthermore, lipid monolayers remained conformationally ordered, indicating insertion of SWCNTs into the lipid monolayer. Our results corroborate previous works and simulations in the literature, but made it possible to perform an in-depth investigation of the interaction of these nanomaterials with components of phospholipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiers Massami Uehara
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, University of São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Cancino-Bernardi
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, University of São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Barbeitas Miranda
- Polymer Group "Prof. Bernhard Gross", Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Valtencir Zucolotto
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, University of São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil.
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7
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Jin JO, Kim G, Hwang J, Han KH, Kwak M, Lee PCW. Nucleic acid nanotechnology for cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188377. [PMID: 32418899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most prevalent potentially lethal diseases. With the increase in the number of investigations into the uses of nanotechnology, many nucleic acid (NA)-based nanostructures such as small interfering RNA, microRNA, aptamers, and immune adjuvant NA have been applied to treat cancer. Here, we discuss studies on the applications of NA in cancer treatment, recent research trends, and the limitations and prospects of specific NA-mediated gene therapy and immunotherapy for cancer treatment. The NA structures used for cancer therapy consist only of NA or hybrids comprising organic or inorganic substances integrated with functional NA. We also discuss delivery vehicles for therapeutic NA and anti-cancer agents, and recent trends in NA-based gene therapy and immunotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
| | - Gyurin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Juyoung Hwang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea; DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen 52056, Germany.
| | - Peter C W Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
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8
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Gao Y, Shi Y, Wang L, Kong S, Du J, Lin G, Feng Y. Advances in mathematical models of the active targeting of tumor cells by functional nanoparticles. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 184:105106. [PMID: 31670178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The process of nanoparticles (NPs) entering blood circulation to actively target tumor cells involves four stages-the transport of NPs in blood vessels, transvascular transport of NPs, transport of NPs in the tumor interstitial matrix and entry of NPs into tumor cells. These four stages are a complex process involving mechanical, physical, biochemical, and biophysical factors, the tumor microenvironment (TME) and properties of NPs play important roles in this process. Because this process involves a large number of factors and is very complex, it is difficult to study with conventional methods. METHODS Using mathematical models for simulation is suitable for addressing this complex situation and can describe the complexity well. RESULTS This work focuses on the theoretical simulation of NPs that target tumor cells to illustrate the effects of the abnormal microenvironment of tumors and properties of NPs on the transport process. Mathematical models constructed by different methods are enumerated. Through studying these mathematical models, different methods to overcome nanoparticle (NP) transport obstacles are illustrated. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to construct a theoretical model of active targeting nanodrug delivery under the coupling of micro-flow field and specific binding force field, and to simulate and analyze the delivery process at mesoscopic scale using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, so as to reveal the law and characteristics of drug delivery and cell uptake in the micro-environment of tumors in vivo. The methods and techniques discussed can serve as the basis for systematic studies of active targeting of functional nanoparticles to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Li Wang
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shengli Kong
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jian Du
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yihua Feng
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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Erimban S, Daschakraborty S. Translocation of a hydroxyl functionalized carbon dot across a lipid bilayer: an all-atom molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6335-6350. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05999g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Passive permeation of CD across lipid bilayer is almost impossible. Forced permeation results membrane rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakkira Erimban
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Bihar 801106
- India
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10
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Ferrihydrite nanoparticles interaction with model lipid membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 226:104851. [PMID: 31836519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years was observed an increased interest towards the use of metal nanoparticles for various biomedical applications, such as therapeutics, delivery systems or imaging. As biological membranes are the first structures with which the nanoparticles interact, it is necessary to understand better the mechanisms governing these interactions. In the present paper we aim to characterize the effect of three different ferrihydrite nanoparticles (simple or doped with cooper or cobalt) on the fluidity of model lipid membranes. First we evaluated the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles: size and composition. Secondly, their effect on lipid membranes was also evaluated using Laurdan, TMA-DPH and DPH fluorescence. Our results can help better understand the mechanisms involved in nanoparticles and membrane interactions.
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11
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Chen D, Parayath N, Ganesh S, Wang W, Amiji M. The role of apolipoprotein- and vitronectin-enriched protein corona on lipid nanoparticles for in vivo targeted delivery and transfection of oligonucleotides in murine tumor models. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:18806-18824. [PMID: 31595922 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05788a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The application of lipid-based nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems remains a popular strategy for the systemic delivery of gene therapies to specific disease targets, including solid tumors. It is now well acknowledged that upon systemic administration, biomolecules from blood will adsorb onto nanoparticles' surfaces, forming a "protein corona", affording nanoparticles a "biological identity" on top of their "synthetic identity". Detailed analysis of nanoparticle protein corona is gradually revealing the "missing link" between nanoparticle chemical properties and the biological identity. Nevertheless, the discovery of nanoparticle protein corona's impact on tumor delivery is limited. In this study, we demonstrate that protein corona can be manipulated by formulation composition and particle surface charge changes, and a single lipid switch could switch the nanoparticle protein corona profile. The protein corona composition differences had a profound impact on cell transfection, in vivo biodistribution as well as tumor-specific delivery efficiency. Nanoparticles with apolipoprotein-rich corona showed better delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) as compared to those with vitronectin-rich corona. In addition, we found that, the PEG conjugated lipid chain length and PEG amount in LNPs were key factors to consider in successful RNA interference therapy for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Neha Parayath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | - Weimin Wang
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. and Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Meng X, Li F, Wang X, Liu J, Ji C, Wu H. Combinatorial immune and stress response, cytoskeleton and signal transduction effects of graphene and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 378:120778. [PMID: 31229880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its unique surface properties, graphene can absorb environmental pollutants, thereby affecting their environmental behavior. Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a highly produced flame retardant. However, the toxicities of graphene and its combinations with contaminants remain largely unexplored. In this work, we investigated the toxicological effects of graphene and TPP to mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Results indicated that graphene could damage the digestive gland tissues, but no significant changes were found in the graphene + TPP co-exposure group. There was a significant decrease in the content of GSH and the activities of GST and CAT in the co-exposure group compared to that in graphene-exposed group. It seemed that the adsorption of TPP on graphene could inhibit the surface activity of graphene and thus reduced its tissue damage and oxidative stress in mussels. Expression levels of stress response (MyD88a), cytoskeleton (MHC1, PMyo and TMyo) and reproductive (CP450 and HSD) genes were up-regulated in the graphene-exposed group, but significantly down-regulated after combined exposure of graphene and TPP. Furthermore, PPI analysis proved that the interactions of HSP90AA1 with UNC45B and FKBP4/5/6/L contributed to the toxicity caused by the combined exposure. Because of the potential toxicity of graphene and TPP, government administrators should consider its risks prior to the widespread environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjing Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jialin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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13
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Chen Z, Lee WG. A switching role of hard-uptake nanoparticles in microalgae cell electroporation. Analyst 2019; 144:3581-3589. [PMID: 31065636 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00314b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The microalgal cell wall is a natural barrier that limits the efficiency of gene delivery in algae genetic engineering. Here, we report the role of hard-uptake nanoparticles (huNPs) in microalgae cell electroporation to enhance the delivery of genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This role can be divided into two categories: (i) a 'transient state' for short-term behavior under confocal visualization and (ii) a 'steady state' for long-term behavior in cell culture. First, the 'transient' role of gene-huNP complexes was investigated after washing for clear confocal imaging to observe the location of huNPs after electroporation. Second, the 'steady-state' role of the gene-huNP complexes was examined after electroporation by transferring cells to a fresh, medium-rich culture environment without washing to obtain a stable cell culture. For selection of the huNPs, we used two types of nanoparticles (NPs, 250 nm and 530 nm) larger than the threshold size of electroporation uptake to avoid unwanted endocytic uptake of NPs. In the transient state, the visualization results indicate that gene-NP (250 nm) complexes were positioned on the cells and helped to deliver more genes than did the 530 nm NPs. In the steady state, the gene-NP (530 nm) complexes helped stably deliver more genes to the cells by precipitation of NPs due to gravity. We believe that these findings illustrate how gene-NP complexes function in microalgae cell electroporation and could help set up a protocol for enhanced microalgae applications associated with NPs such as environmental waste removal and biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Gu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Wang S, Guo H, Li Y, Li X. Penetration of nanoparticles across a lipid bilayer: effects of particle stiffness and surface hydrophobicity. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4025-4034. [PMID: 30768108 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09381d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) has drawn significant attention due to their great importance and potential in drug delivery, bioimaging, and specific targeting. Here, we conduct a computational study on the translocation process of soft nanoparticles with different elasticities and surface hydrophobicities through a lipid bilayer membrane. It is shown that the translocation abilities of hydrophilic NPs can be enhanced by increasing their stiffness, while the penetrability of hydrophobic NPs is weakened by increasing the particle stiffness. The free energy analysis indicates that rigid hydrophilic NPs and soft hydrophobic NPs encounter lower energy barriers during penetration. In direct translocation, different deformation modes are observed for NPs with different surface hydrophobicities during cellular internalization. Further, deformation analysis demonstrates that hydrophilic NPs are flattened in the membrane plane, while hydrophobic NPs are elongated along the membrane norm during penetration. We conclude that the elasticity of NPs has an obvious impact on their ability to penetrate across the lipid bilayer membrane through different morphological responses of hydrophilic and hydrophobic NPs. These results shed light on the coupled effects of particle elasticity and surface hydrophobicity on the cellular uptake of elastic NPs, which may provide useful guidelines for designing effective nanocarrier systems for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering (State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yinfeng Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering (State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Xuejin Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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15
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Yamamoto T, Arakawa K, Takahashi Y, Sumiyoshi M. Antimicrobial activities of low molecular weight polymers synthesized through soap-free emulsion polymerization. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Zhang J, Song H, Chen Z, Liu S, Wei Y, Huang J, Guo C, Dang Z, Lin Z. Biomineralization mechanism of U(VI) induced by Bacillus cereus 12-2: The role of functional groups and enzymes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:682-692. [PMID: 29783053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Current studies reveal that the biomineralization of U(VI) by anaerobes normally produces nano-sized U(IV) minerals that can easily re-migrate/re-oxidize, while the biomineralization of U(VI) by aerobes has been constrained because the general mechanism has not yet been fully characterized. The biomineralization of U(VI) by Bacillus cereus 12-2 was investigated in this work. The maximum biosorption capability of intact cells was 448.68 mg U/g biomass (dry weight) at pH 5, while a decrease over 60% was induced when phosphate, amino, and especially carboxyl groups were shielded. X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and tracing the concentration of soluble intracellular U(VI) demonstrated that extracellular amorphous uranium particles can directly enter cells as solid, and about 10 nm-sized (NH4)(UO2)PO4·3H2O was formed subsequently. It was also revealed that the biosorption capability was not affected by a high uranium concentration, while biomineralization was inhibited, suggesting that a high concentration of heavy metals may inhibit the enzyme activity involved in biomineralization. Besides, U(VI) could trigger the overexpression of proteins with a molecular weight of 22 kD, including various phosphatases, kinases, and other enzymes that are related to metabolism and stimulus response, which may contribute to the intracellular transformation of U(VI) compounds from amorphous to crystalline phase. Taken together, the immobilization of U(VI) by B. cereus 12-2 contains two major steps: (1) fast immobilization of U(VI) on the cell surface as amorphous compounds, in which the carboxyl groups served as the predominant coordination functional groups and (2) transport of amorphous particles to cells directly and enzyme-related formation of uramphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Han Song
- School of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, D11, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shasha Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yali Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Jingyi Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Chuling Guo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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17
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A density functional study on synthetic polymer–amino acid interaction. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Ding HM, Ma YQ. Computational approaches to cell-nanomaterial interactions: keeping balance between therapeutic efficiency and cytotoxicity. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2018; 3:6-27. [PMID: 32254106 DOI: 10.1039/c7nh00138j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their unique properties, nanomaterials have been widely used in biomedicine since they have obvious inherent advantages over traditional ones. However, nanomaterials may also cause dysfunction in proteins, genes and cells, resulting in cytotoxic and genotoxic responses. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to these potential toxicities of nanomaterials, especially to the risks of nanomaterials to human health and safety. Therefore, when using nanomaterials for biomedical applications, it is of great importance to keep the balance between therapeutic efficiency and cytotoxicity (i.e., increase the therapeutic efficiency as well as decrease the potential toxicity). This requires a deeper understanding of the interactions between various types of nanomaterials and biological systems at the nano/bio interface. In this review, from the point of view of theoretical researchers, we will present the current status regarding the physical mechanism of cytotoxicity caused by nanomaterials, mainly based on recent simulation results. In addition, the strategies for minimizing the nanotoxicity naturally and artificially will also be discussed in detail. Furthermore, we should notice that toxicity is not always bad for clinical use since causing the death of specific cells is the main way of treating disease. Enhancing the targeting ability of nanomaterials to diseased cells and minimizing their side effects on normal cells will always be hugely challenging issues in nanomedicine. By combining the latest computational studies with some experimental verifications, we will provide special insights into recent advances regarding these problems, especially for the design of novel environment-responsive nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ming Ding
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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19
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Fernandez-Moure JS, Evangelopoulos M, Colvill K, Van Eps JL, Tasciotti E. Nanoantibiotics: a new paradigm for the treatment of surgical infection. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:1319-1334. [PMID: 28520517 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections following orthopedic device implantations often impose a substantial health burden and result in high medical costs. Currently, preventative methods are often employed following an orthopedic implant to reduce risk of infection; however, contamination of the surgical site can still occur. Although antibiotics have demonstrated a substantial reduction in bacterial growth and maintenance, biofilm formation around the implant can often minimize efficacy of the antibiotic. Recently, nanotechnology has garnered significant interest, resulting in the development of several antibiotic delivery strategies that exhibit extended release and increased efficacy. In this review, treatment methods of orthopedic-device-related infections will be discussed and an overview of antimicrobial-based nanotechnologies will be provided. Specifically, nonmetal-, metal- and oxide-based nanotechnologies, incorporating antibacterial strategies, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Fernandez-Moure
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kayla Colvill
- University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Van Eps
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Department of Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Abstract
Understanding protein-inorganic surface interactions is central to the rational design of new tools in biomaterial sciences, nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. Although a significant amount of experimental research on protein adsorption onto solid substrates has been reported, many aspects of the recognition and interaction mechanisms of biomolecules and inorganic surfaces are still unclear. Theoretical modeling and simulations provide complementary approaches for experimental studies, and they have been applied for exploring protein-surface binding mechanisms, the determinants of binding specificity towards different surfaces, as well as the thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption. Although the general computational approaches employed to study the dynamics of proteins and materials are similar, the models and force-fields (FFs) used for describing the physical properties and interactions of material surfaces and biological molecules differ. In particular, FF and water models designed for use in biomolecular simulations are often not directly transferable to surface simulations and vice versa. The adsorption events span a wide range of time- and length-scales that vary from nanoseconds to days, and from nanometers to micrometers, respectively, rendering the use of multi-scale approaches unavoidable. Further, changes in the atomic structure of material surfaces that can lead to surface reconstruction, and in the structure of proteins that can result in complete denaturation of the adsorbed molecules, can create many intermediate structural and energetic states that complicate sampling. In this review, we address the challenges posed to theoretical and computational methods in achieving accurate descriptions of the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of protein-surface systems. In this context, we discuss the applicability of different modeling and simulation techniques ranging from quantum mechanics through all-atom molecular mechanics to coarse-grained approaches. We examine uses of different sampling methods, as well as free energy calculations. Furthermore, we review computational studies of protein-surface interactions and discuss the successes and limitations of current approaches.
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21
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He XC, Qu ZG, Xu F. Simulation study of interaction mechanism between peptide and asymmetric membrane. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2016.1228105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. C. He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Z. G. Qu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - F. Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China
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22
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Ma Y, Ji Y, You M, Wang S, Dong Y, Jin G, Lin M, Wang Q, Li A, Zhang X, Xu F. Labeling and long-term tracking of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro using NaYF4:Yb(3+),Er(3+) upconversion nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2016; 42:199-208. [PMID: 27435964 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise as cell therapy candidate in clinics. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive due to the lack of effective cell tracking approaches during therapeutic processes. In this study, we successfully synthesized and utilized NaYF4:Yb(3+),Er(3+) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to label and track rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) during the osteogenic differentiation in vitro. To improve their biocompatibility and cellular uptake, we modified the UCNPs with negatively-charged poly(acrylic acid) and positively-charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride) in turns (i.e., PAH-PAA-UCNPs). The effect of cellular uptake of UCNPs on the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs was systematically evaluated, and no significant difference was found between rBMSCs labeled with UCNPs (concentration range of 0-50μg/mL) and UCNPs-free rBMSCs in terms of cell viability, ALP activity, osteogenic protein expressions and production of mineralized nodules. Moreover, the PAH-PAA-UCNPs at a concentration of 50μg/mL exhibited the highest biocompatibility and stability, which could well track rBMSCs during the osteogenesis process. These results would provide a positive reference for the application of these lanthanide-doped UCNPs as fluorescent nanoprobes for stem cell tracking to further understand the mechanism of stem cell fate in tissue engineering and stem cell therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted increasing attention as alternative probes for tracking various types of cells including stem cells. The reported fluorapatite-based UCNPs with the needle-like morphology showed a little poor performance on stem cell tracking, which was possibly attributed to the low upconversion efficiency and cell labeling efficiency potentially due to nanomaterial composition, crystal structure and shape. Here, we synthesized the positively-charged NaYF4:Yb(3+),Er(3+) UCNPs with hexagonal phase and sphere-like morphology to enhance their upconversion efficiency, biocompatibility and cellular uptake, leading to a successful tracking of rBMSCs in osteogenesis process without impairing cell viability and differentiation capacity. This study provided a necessary reference for the application of UCNPs in stem cell tracking to better understand the mechanism of stem cell fate in tissue engineering, stem cell therapy, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yuan Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Minli You
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Shurui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yuqing Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Guorui Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Min Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
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23
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Shimizu K, Nakamura H, Watano S. MD simulation study of direct permeation of a nanoparticle across the cell membrane under an external electric field. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11897-11906. [PMID: 27241464 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been attracting much attention for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. In most of the applications, NPs are required to translocate across the cell membrane and to reach the cell cytosol. Experimental studies have reported that by applying an electric field NPs can directly permeate across the cell membrane without the confinement of NPs by endocytic vesicles. However, damage to the cell can often be a concern. Understanding of the mechanism underlying the direct permeation of NPs under an external electric field can greatly contribute to the realization of a technology for the direct delivery of NPs. Here we investigated the permeation of a cationic gold NP across a phospholipid bilayer under an external electric field using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. When an external electric field that is equal to the membrane breakdown intensity was applied, a typical NP delivery by electroporation was shown: the cationic gold NP directly permeated across a lipid bilayer without membrane wrapping of the NP, while a persistent transmembrane pore was formed. However, when a specific range of the electric field that is lower than the membrane breakdown intensity was applied, a unique permeation pathway was exhibited: the generated transmembrane pore immediately resealed after the direct permeation of NP. Furthermore, we found that the affinity of the NP for the membrane surface is a key for the self-resealing of the pore. Our finding suggests that by applying an electric field in a suitable range NPs can be directly delivered into the cell with less cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Shimizu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Hideya Nakamura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Satoru Watano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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24
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Winkler DA. Recent advances, and unresolved issues, in the application of computational modelling to the prediction of the biological effects of nanomaterials. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 299:96-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Liu L, Zhang J, Zhao X, Mao Z, Liu N, Zhang Y, Liu QH. Interaction between charged nanoparticles and vesicles: coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:31946-31957. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05998h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between charged nanoparticles and curved zwitterionic lipid vesicles with different surface charge densities (ρ): insertion, repulsion, adsorption, and penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linying Liu
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics
- and Department of Electronic Science
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics
- and Department of Electronic Science
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics
- and Department of Electronic Science
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Mao
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics
- and Department of Electronic Science
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics
- and Department of Electronic Science
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics
- and Department of Electronic Science
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Huo Liu
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics
- and Department of Electronic Science
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
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26
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He X, Lin M, Guo J, Qu Z, Xu F. Experimental and simulation studies of polyarginines across the membrane of giant unilamellar vesicles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02420c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides have widespread applications in biomedicine because of their capability to translocate across cell membranes alone or with cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoCong He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P.R. China
| | - Min Lin
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P.R. China
| | - ZhiGuo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education
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27
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Coarse-grained molecular dynamics studies of the translocation mechanism of polyarginines across asymmetric membrane under tension. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12808. [PMID: 26235300 PMCID: PMC4522684 DOI: 10.1038/srep12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding interactions between cell-penetrating peptides and biomembrane under tension can help improve drug delivery and elucidate mechanisms underlying fundamental cellular events. As far as the effect of membrane tension on translocation, it is generally thought that tension should disorder the membrane structure and weaken its strength, thereby facilitating penetration. However, our coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation results showed that membrane tension can restrain polyarginine translocation across the asymmetric membrane and that this effect increases with increasing membrane tension. We also analyzed the structural properties and lipid topology of the tensed membrane to explain the phenomena. Simulation results provide important molecular information on the potential translocation mechanism of peptides across the asymmetric membrane under tension as well as new insights in drug and gene delivery.
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Ding HM, Ma YQ. Theoretical and computational investigations of nanoparticle-biomembrane interactions in cellular delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1055-71. [PMID: 25387905 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have been widely used in many applications such as phototherapy, cell imaging, and drug/gene delivery. A better understanding of how nanoparticles interact with bio-system (especially cells) is of great importance for their potential biomedical applications. In this review, the current status and perspective of theoretical and computational investigations is presented on the nanoparticle-biomembrane interactions in cellular delivery. In particular, the determining parameters (including the properties of nanoparticles, cell membranes and environments) that govern the cellular uptake of nanoparticles (direct penetration and endocytosis) are discussed. Further, some special attention is paid to their interactions beyond the translocation of nanoparticles across membranes (e.g., nanoparticles escaping from endosome and entering into nucleus). Finally, a summary is given, and the challenging problems of this field in the future are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-ming Ding
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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Akash MSH, Rehman K, Chen S. Polymeric-based particulate systems for delivery of therapeutic proteins. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:367-78. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.999785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,
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He XC, Lin M, Li F, Sha BY, Xu F, Qu ZG, Wang L. Advances in studies of nanoparticle–biomembrane interactions. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:121-41. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely applied in nanomedicine and diagnostics based on the interactions between NPs and the basic barrier (biomembrane). Understanding the underlying mechanism of these interactions is important for enhancing their beneficial effects and avoiding potential nanotoxicity. Experimental, mathematical and numerical modeling techniques are involved in this field. This article reviews the state-of-the-art techniques in studies of NP–biomembrane interactions with a focus on each technology's advantages and disadvantages. The aim is to better understand the mechanism of NP–biomembrane interactions and provide significant guidance for various fields, such as nanomedicine and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cong He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Min Lin
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science & Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Bao Yong Sha
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science & Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Zhi Guo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science & Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
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31
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He X, Lin M, Lu T, Qu Z, Xu F. Molecular analysis of interactions between a PAMAM dendrimer–paclitaxel conjugate and a biomembrane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:29507-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02242h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanism of nanomedicine–biomembrane interactions is important for the design and optimization of payload delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoCong He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Min Lin
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - TianJian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - ZhiGuo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education
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Abstract
Recent progress in surface science, nanotechnology and biophysics has cast new light on the correlation between the physicochemical properties of biomaterials and the resulting biological response. One experimental tool that promises to generate an increasingly more sophisticated knowledge of how proteins, cells and bacteria interact with nanostructured surfaces is the atomic force microscope (AFM). This unique instrument permits to close in on interfacial events at the scale at which they occur, the nanoscale. This perspective covers recent developments in the exploitation of the AFM, and suggests insights on future opportunities that can arise from the exploitation of this powerful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Variola
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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33
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Ding HM, Ma YQ. Computer simulation of the role of protein corona in cellular delivery of nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8703-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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He X, Qu Z, Xu F, Lin M, Wang J, Shi X, Lu T. Molecular analysis of interactions between dendrimers and asymmetric membranes at different transport stages. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:139-148. [PMID: 24651532 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51990b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Studying dendrimer-biomembrane interactions is important for understanding drug and gene delivery. In this study, coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the behaviors of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (G4 and G5) as they interacted with asymmetric membranes from different sides of the bilayer, thus mimicking different dendrimer transport stages. The G4 dendrimer could insert into the membrane during an equilibrated state, and the G5 dendrimer could induce pore formation in the membrane when the dendrimers interacted with the outer side (outer interactions) of an asymmetric membrane [with 10% dipalmitoyl phosphatidylserine (DPPS) in the inner leaflet of the membrane]. During the interaction with the inner side of the asymmetric membrane (inner interactions), the G4 and G5 dendrimers only adsorbed onto the membrane. As the membrane asymmetry increased (e.g., increased DPPS percentage in the inner leaflet of the membrane), the G4 and G5 dendrimers penetrated deeper into the membrane during the outer interactions and the G4 and G5 dendrimers were adsorbed more tightly onto the membrane for the inner interactions. When the DPPS content reached 50%, the G4 dendrimer could completely penetrate through the membrane from the outer side to the inner side. Our study provides molecular understanding and reference information about different dendrimer transport stages during drug and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoCong He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China.
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35
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Sha B, Gao W, Wang S, Gou X, Li W, Liang X, Qu Z, Xu F, Lu TJ. Oxidative stress increased hepatotoxicity induced by nano-titanium dioxide in BRL-3A cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:345-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoyong Sha
- Lab of Cell Biology & Translational Medicine; Xi'an Medical University; Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 People's Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710061 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Lab of Cell Biology & Translational Medicine; Xi'an Medical University; Xi'an 710021 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Graduate School of the Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Department of Stomatology; Second Provincial People's Hospital of Gansu; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Qu
- School of Thermal Energy and Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 People's Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 People's Republic of China
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