1
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Tremmel R, Martínez Pereyra V, Broders I, Schaeffeler E, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Bekeredjian R, Sechtem U, Schwab M, Ong P. Genetic associations of cardiovascular risk genes in European patients with coronary artery spasm. Clin Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00392-024-02446-x. [PMID: 38635033 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-024-02446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a frequent finding in patients presenting with angina pectoris. Although the pathogenesis of CAS is incompletely understood, previous studies suggested a genetic contribution. Our study aimed to elucidate genetic variants in a cohort of European patients with angina and unobstructed coronary arteries who underwent acetylcholine (ACh) provocation testing. METHODS A candidate association analysis of 208 genes previously associated with cardiovascular conditions was performed using genotyped and imputed variants in patients grouped in epicardial (focal, diffuse) CAS (n = 119) and microvascular CAS (n = 87). Patients with a negative ACh test result (n = 45) served as controls. RESULTS We found no association below the genome-wide significance threshold of p < 5 × 10-8, thus not confirming variants in ALDH2, NOS3, and ROCK2 previously reported in CAS patients of Asian ancestry. However, the analysis identified suggestive associations (p < 10-05) for the groups of focal epicardial CAS (CDH13) and diffuse epicardial CAS (HDAC9, EDN1). Downstream analysis of the potential EDN1 risk locus showed that CAS patients have significantly increased plasma endothelin-1 levels (ET-1) compared to controls. An EDN1 haplotype comprising rs9349379 and rs2070698 was significantly associated to ET-1 levels (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In summary, we suggest EDN1 as potential genetic risk loci for patients with diffuse epicardial CAS, and European ancestry. Plasma ET-1 levels may serve as a potential cardiac marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Tremmel
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valeria Martínez Pereyra
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Auerbachstr. 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Incifer Broders
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Auerbachstr. 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Raffi Bekeredjian
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Auerbachstr. 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Udo Sechtem
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Auerbachstr. 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, and Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ong
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Auerbachstr. 110, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany.
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2
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Ebid AHI, Ismail DA, Lotfy NM, Mahmoud MA, El-Sharkawy M. Effect of CYP3A4*22, CYP3A5*3 and POR*28 genetic polymorphisms on calcineurin inhibitors dose requirements in early phase renal transplant patients. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2024; 34:43-52. [PMID: 38050720 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*22, and POR*28 genetic polymorphisms on tacrolimus and cyclosporine dose requirements. METHODS One hundred thirty renal transplant patients placed on either tacrolimus or cyclosporine were recruited, where the effect of CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*22, and POR*28 genetic polymorphisms on their dose requirements were studied at days 14, 30, and 90 post-transplantations. RESULTS The POR*28 allele frequency in the studied population was 29.61%. The tacrolimus dose-adjusted trough concentration ratio (C0/D) was significantly lower in the fast metabolizers group ( CYP3A5*1/POR*28(CT/TT ) carriers) than in the poor metabolizers group ( CYP3A5*3/*3/CYP3A4*22 carriers) throughout the study (14, 30, and 90 days) ( P = 0.001, <0.001, and 0.003, respectively). Meanwhile, there was no significant effect of this gene combination on cyclosporine C0/D. CONCLUSION Combining the CYP3A5*3, POR*28 , and CYP3A4*22 genotypes can have a significant effect on early tacrolimus dose requirements determination and adjustments. However, it does not have such influence on cyclosporine dose requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dina A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University
| | - Neama M Lotfy
- Department of Technology of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Badr University
| | - Mohamed A Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University
| | - Magdy El-Sharkawy
- Department of Internal Medicine & Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Zhai Q, Moes DJAR, van Gelder T, van der Lee M, Sanders J, Bemelman FJ, de Fijter JW, Klein K, Schwab M, Swen JJ. The effect of genetic variants in the transcription factor TSPYL family on the CYP3A4 mediated cyclosporine metabolism in kidney transplant patients. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13729. [PMID: 38380703 PMCID: PMC10880038 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
CYP3A4 activity shows considerable interindividual variability. Although studies indicate 60%-80% is heritable, common single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in CYP3A4 together only explain ~10%. Transcriptional factors, such as the testis-specific Y-encoded-like proteins (TSPYLs) family, have been reported to regulate the expression of CYP enzymes including CYP3A4 in vitro. Here, we investigated the effect of genetic variants in TSPYL on CYP3A4 activity using data from a clinical study and a human liver bank. Five SNVs (rs3828743, rs10223646, rs6909133, rs1204807, and rs1204811) in TSPYL were selected because of a reported effect on CYP3A4 expression in vitro or suggested clinical effect. For the clinical study, whole blood concentrations, clinical data, and DNA were available from 295 kidney transplant recipients participating in the prospective MECANO study. A multivariate pharmacokinetic model adjusted for body weight, steroid treatment, and CYP3A4 genotype was used to assess the effect of the genetic variants on cyclosporine clearance. In multivariate analysis, homozygous carriers of rs3828743 had a 18% lower cyclosporin clearance compared to the wild-type and heterozygous patients (28.72 vs. 35.03 L/h, p = 0.018) indicating a lower CYP3A4 activity and an opposite direction of effect compared to the previously reported increased CYP3A4 expression. To validate, we tested associations between rs3828743 and CYP3A4 mRNA and protein expression as well as enzyme activity with data from a liver bank (n = 150). No association with any of these end points was observed. In conclusion, the totality of evidence is not in support of a significant role for TSPYL SNV rs3828743 in explaining variability in CYP3A4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Zhai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and ToxicologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan A. R. Moes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and ToxicologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and ToxicologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Maaike van der Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and ToxicologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan‐Stephan Sanders
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kathrin Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgartGermany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, and Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgartGermany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, and Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Jesse J. Swen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and ToxicologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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4
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Gao Y, Ma J. Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase variant A503V contributes to the increased CYP3A5 activity with tacrolimus in vitro. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:529-535. [PMID: 35946839 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2112174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor with a strong efficacy in prevention of graft rejection after transplantation. It is well known that cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) has a high metabolic capacity for tacrolimus, and mutations in human cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) cause altered CYP3A5 activity. Recently, clinical studies have revealed that POR*28 contributes enhanced tacrolimus clearance in CYP3A5 expressers. A503V is an amino acid sequence variant encoded by POR*28. In this study, we first evaluated the impact of A503V on CYP3A5 activity with tacrolimus as the substrate in vitro. RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODS Wild-type (WT) and A503V POR, with WT CYP3A5 were expressed in recombinant HepG2 cells and reconstituted proteins. Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of CYP3A5 with tacrolimus as substrates were determined, and catalytic efficiency is expressed as Vmax/Km. RESULTS WT and A503V POR both down-regulated the CYP3A5 mRNA expression, and WT POR rather than A503V down-regulated the protein expression of CYP3A5 in recombinant HepG2 cells. Compared with WT POR, A503V increased metabolism of tacrolimus by CYP3A5 in both cellular and protein level. CONCLUSION A503V can affect CYP3A5-catalyzed tacrolimus metabolism in vitro, which suggests that A503V has the potential to serve as a biomarker for tacrolimus treatment in transplantation recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical center of Soochow University, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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5
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Davydov DR, Dangi B, Yue G, Ahire DS, Prasad B, Zgoda VG. Exploring the Interactome of Cytochrome P450 2E1 in Human Liver Microsomes with Chemical Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020185. [PMID: 35204686 PMCID: PMC8869672 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to elucidate the system-wide effects of the alcohol-induced increase in the content of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) on drug metabolism, we explored the array of its protein-protein interactions (interactome) in human liver microsomes (HLM) with chemical crosslinking mass spectrometry (CXMS). Our strategy employs membrane incorporation of purified CYP2E1 modified with photoreactive crosslinkers benzophenone-4-maleimide and 4-(N-succinimidylcarboxy)benzophenone. Exposure of bait-incorporated HLM samples to light was followed by isolating the His-tagged bait protein and its crosslinked aggregates on Ni-NTA agarose. Analyzing the individual bands of SDS-PAGE slabs of thereby isolated protein with the toolset of untargeted proteomics, we detected the crosslinked dimeric and trimeric complexes of CYP2E1 with other drug-metabolizing enzymes. Among the most extensively crosslinked partners of CYP2E1 are the cytochromes P450 2A6, 2C8, 3A4, 4A11, and 4F2, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) 1A and 2B, fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH3A2), epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1), disulfide oxidase 1α (ERO1L), and ribophorin II (RPN2). These results demonstrate the exploratory power of the proposed CXMS strategy and corroborate the concept of tight functional integration in the human drug-metabolizing ensemble through protein-protein interactions of the constituting enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri R. Davydov
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bikash Dangi
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Guihua Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (G.Y.); (D.S.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Deepak S. Ahire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (G.Y.); (D.S.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (G.Y.); (D.S.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Victor G. Zgoda
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
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6
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Lappas NT, Lappas CM. Toxicogenomics. Forensic Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819286-3.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Davydov DR, Prasad B. Assembling the P450 puzzle: on the sources of nonadditivity in drug metabolism. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:988-997. [PMID: 34602306 PMCID: PMC8595691 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing number of indications of an oversimplification in the premise that the cumulative properties of the human drug-metabolizing ensemble represent a simple aggregate of the properties of the constituting enzymes. Recent studies of the functional effects of hetero-association of multiple cytochrome P450 species and their interactions with metabolically related enzymes revealed a tight integration in the drug-metabolizing ensemble. In our opinion, the sources of interindividual variability in drug metabolism can be elucidated only when considering this ensemble as a multienzyme system, the functional parameters of which are determined by interactions between its constituents. In this article, we present a conceptual model providing a mechanistic explanation for the functional effects of the interactions between multiple P450 species and propose a clue to understanding the nonadditive behavior of the drug-metabolizing ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri R Davydov
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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8
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Erhardt P, Bachmann K, Birkett D, Boberg M, Bodor N, Gibson G, Hawkins D, Hawksworth G, Hinson J, Koehler D, Kress B, Luniwal A, Masumoto H, Novak R, Portoghese P, Sarver J, Serafini MT, Trabbic C, Vermeulen N, Wrighton S. Glossary and tutorial of xenobiotic metabolism terms used during small molecule drug discovery and development (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This project originated more than 15 years ago with the intent to produce a glossary of drug metabolism terms having definitions especially applicable for use by practicing medicinal chemists. A first-draft version underwent extensive beta-testing that, fortuitously, engaged international audiences in a wide range of disciplines involved in drug discovery and development. It became clear that the inclusion of information to enhance discussions among this mix of participants would be even more valuable. The present version retains a chemical structure theme while expanding tutorial comments that aim to bridge the various perspectives that may arise during interdisciplinary communications about a given term. This glossary is intended to be educational for early stage researchers, as well as useful for investigators at various levels who participate on today’s highly multidisciplinary, collaborative small molecule drug discovery teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Erhardt
- Center for Drug Design and Development , University of Toledo , Toledo , Ohio , USA
| | | | - Donald Birkett
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Flinders University , Adelaide , Australia (now Emeritus), (TGM)
| | - Michael Boberg
- Metabolism and Isotope Chemistry , Bayer , AG , Germany (now undetermined), (TGM)
| | - Nicholas Bodor
- Center for Drug Discovery , University of Florida , Belle Glade , FL , USA (now Emeritus Grad Res Prof/CEO Bodor Labs), (TGM)
| | - Gordon Gibson
- School of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Surrey , Surrey , UK (now deceased), (TGM)
| | - David Hawkins
- Huntingdon Life Sciences , Huntingdon , UK (now retired), (TGM)
| | - Gabrielle Hawksworth
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics , University Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK (now deceased), (TGM)
| | - Jack Hinson
- Division of Toxicology , University Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA (now Emeritus Dist Prof), (TGM)
| | - Daniel Koehler
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Toledo , Toledo , Ohio , USA, (ST)
| | - Brian Kress
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry , University of Toledo , Toledo , Ohio , USA, (ST)
| | | | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Drug Metabolism , Daiichi Pharm. Corp., Ltd. , Chuo , Tokyo , Japan (now retired), (TGM)
| | - Raymond Novak
- Institute of Environmental Health Science, Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan , USA (now undetermined), (TGM)
| | - Phillip Portoghese
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA (now same), (TGM)
| | - Jeffrey Sarver
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Toledo , Toledo , Ohio , USA, (ST)
| | - M. Teresa Serafini
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism , Laboratories Dr. Esteve, S.A. , Barcelona , Spain (now Head Early ADME), (TGM)
| | | | - Nico Vermeulen
- Department of Pharmacochemistry , Vrije University , Amsterdam , Netherlands (now Emeritus Section Molecular Toxicology), (TGM)
| | - Steven Wrighton
- Eli Lilly, Inc. , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA (now retired), (TGM)
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9
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Heintze T, Klein K, Hofmann U, Zanger UM. Differential effects on human cytochromes P450 by CRISPR/Cas9-induced genetic knockout of cytochrome P450 reductase and cytochrome b5 in HepaRG cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1000. [PMID: 33441761 PMCID: PMC7806635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HepaRG cells are increasingly accepted as model for human drug metabolism and other hepatic functions. We used lentiviral transduction of undifferentiated HepaRG cells to deliver Cas9 and two alternative sgRNAs targeted at NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR), the obligate electron donor for microsomal cytochromes P450 (CYP). Cas9-expressing HepaRGVC (vector control) cells were phenotypically similar to wild type HepaRG cells and could be differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells by DMSO. Genetic POR-knockout resulted in phenotypic POR knockdown of up to 90% at mRNA, protein, and activity levels. LC–MS/MS measurement of seven CYP-activities showed differential effects of POR-knockdown with CYP2C8 being least and CYP2C9 being most affected. Further studies on cytochrome b5 (CYB5), an alternative NADH-dependent electron donor indicated particularly strong support of CYP2C8-dependent amodiaquine N-deethylation by CYB5 and this was confirmed by genetic CYB5 single- and POR/CYB5 double-knockout. POR-knockdown also affected CYP expression on mRNA and protein level, with CYP1A2 being induced severalfold, while CYP2C9 was strongly downregulated. In summary our results show that POR/NADPH- and CYB5/NADH-electron transport systems influence human drug metabolizing CYPs differentially and differently than mouse Cyps. Our Cas9-expressing HepaRGVC cells should be suitable to study the influence of diverse genes on drug metabolism and other hepatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Heintze
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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10
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Ding L, Li L, Liu S, Bao X, Dickman KG, Sell SS, Mei C, Zhang QY, Gu J, Ding X. Proximal Tubular Vacuolization and Hypersensitivity to Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Mice With Decreased Expression of the NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase. Toxicol Sci 2020; 173:362-372. [PMID: 31693140 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of variations in the expression of cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR or POR) is determined in mice with decreased POR expression to identify potential vulnerabilities in people with low POR expression. There is an age-dependent appearance of increasing vacuolization in the proximal tubules of the renal cortex in 4- to 9-month-old male (but not female) Cpr-low (CL) mice. These mice have low POR expression in all cells of the body and upregulation of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 expression in the renal cortex. Vacuolization is also seen in extrahepatic CL and extrarenal CL male mice, but not in mice with tissue-specific Por deletion in liver, intestinal epithelium, or kidney. The occurrence of vacuolization is accompanied by increases in serum blood-urea-nitrogen levels. Male CL mice are hypersensitive to cisplatin- and gentamicin-induced renal toxicity at 3 months of age, before proximal tubular (PT) vacuoles are detectable. At doses that do not cause renal toxicity in wild-type mice, both drugs cause substantial increases in serum blood-urea-nitrogen levels and PT vacuolization in male but not female CL mice. The hypersensitivity to drug-induced renal toxicity is accompanied by increases in circulating drug levels. These novel findings demonstrate deficiency of renal function in mice with globally reduced POR expression and suggest that low POR expression may be a risk factor for drug-induced nephrotoxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York
| | - Lei Li
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York
| | - Senyan Liu
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York.,Kidney Institute & Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaochen Bao
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York
| | - Kathleen G Dickman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Stewart S Sell
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York.,School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12201
| | - Changlin Mei
- Kidney Institute & Division of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York.,School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12201
| | - Jun Gu
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York.,School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12201
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York
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11
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Pharmacogenetics of hypoglycemia associated with sulfonylurea therapy in usual clinical care. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2020; 20:831-839. [PMID: 32504053 PMCID: PMC8174577 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-020-0171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is a common complication among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients receiving sulfonylurea therapy. The aim of this study was to determine if genetic contributions to sulfonylurea pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics substantially affect the risk of hypoglycemia in these patients. In a retrospective case-control study in European American patients with T2DM, we examined the potential association between CYP2C9 reduced function variants and sulfonylurea-related hypoglycemia. We also explored the relationship between sulfonylurea-related hypoglycemia and several candidate genetic variants previously reported to alter the response to sulfonylureas. We detected no evidence of association between CYP2C9 reduced function alleles or any of the candidate genetic variants and sulfonylurea-related hypoglycemia. In conclusion, we identified no clinically significant predictors of hypoglycemia among genes associated with sulfonylurea pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics.
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12
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Nakamura T, Fukuda M, Matsukane R, Suetsugu K, Harada N, Yoshizumi T, Egashira N, Mori M, Masuda S. Influence of POR*28 Polymorphisms on CYP3A5*3-Associated Variations in Tacrolimus Blood Levels at an Early Stage after Liver Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072287. [PMID: 32225074 PMCID: PMC7178010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism is an important marker that correlates with the tacrolimus dose requirement after organ transplantation. Recently, it has been revealed that the POR*28 polymorphism affects the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in renal transplant patients. In this study, we examined whether POR*28 as well as CYP3A5*3 polymorphism in Japanese recipients and donors would be another biomarker for the variation of tacrolimus blood levels in the recipients during the first month after living-donor liver transplantation. We enrolled 65 patients treated with tacrolimus, who underwent liver transplantation between July 2016 and January 2019. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole-blood samples, and genotyping was performed to examine the presence of CYP3A5*3 and POR*28 polymorphisms in the recipients and donors. The CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype (defective CYP3A5) of the recipient (standard partial regression coefficient [median C/D ratio of CYP3A5 expressor vs. CYP3A5 non-expressor, p value]: Pod 1–7, β= −0.389 [1.76 vs. 2.73, p < 0.001]; Pod 8–14, β = −0.345 [2.03 vs. 2.83, p < 0.001]; Pod 15–21, β= −0.417 [1.75 vs. 2.94, p < 0.001]; Pod 22–28, β = −0.627 [1.55 vs. 2.90, p < 0.001]) rather than donor (Pod 1–7, β = n/a [1.88 vs. 2.76]; Pod 8–14, β = n/a [1.99 vs. 2.93]; Pod 15–21, β = −0.175 [1.91 vs. 2.94, p = 0.004]; Pod 22–28, β = n/a [1.61 vs. 2.67]) significantly contributed to the increase in the concentration/dose (C/D) ratio of tacrolimus for at least one month after surgery. We found that the tacrolimus C/D ratio significantly decreased from the third week after transplantation when the recipient carried both CYP3A5*1 (functional CYP3A5) and POR*28 (n = 19 [29.2%], median C/D ratio [inter quartile range] = 1.58 [1.39–2.17]), compared with that in the recipients carrying CYP3A5*1 and POR*1/*1 (n = 8 [12.3%], median C/D ratio [inter quartile range] = 2.23 [2.05–3.06]) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, to our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting that the POR*28 polymorphism is another biomarker for the tacrolimus oral dosage after liver transplantation in patients carrying CYP3A5*1 rather than CYP3A5*3/*3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, The Pharmaceutical College, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Mio Fukuda
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.F.); (R.M.); (K.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Ryosuke Matsukane
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.F.); (R.M.); (K.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Kimitaka Suetsugu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.F.); (R.M.); (K.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Noboru Harada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (N.H.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (N.H.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.F.); (R.M.); (K.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (N.H.); (T.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Satohiro Masuda
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (M.F.); (R.M.); (K.S.); (N.E.)
- Department of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita 286-0124, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-476-28-1401
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13
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Han JM, Yee J, Chung JE, Lee KE, Park K, Gwak HS. Effects of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase genotypes on the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in healthy Korean subjects. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1201. [PMID: 32134573 PMCID: PMC7216797 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P450 oxidoreductase (POR) genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetic parameters of amlodipine. METHODS After a single 10-mg dose of amlodipine administration, 25 healthy male subjects completed genotyping for 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the POR genes, cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 g.25343G>A (CYP3A4*1G), and CYP3A5 g.12083G>A (CYP3A5*3). Stratified analysis and in silico analysis to predict the possible effects of given variants on splicing were performed. RESULTS The maximum blood concentration (Cmax ) of amlodipine in carriers of g.57332T>C and g.56551G>A SNPs of the POR gene was statistically significantly different. In addition, T-allele carriers of g.57332T>C had a 21% higher Cmax than those with the CC genotype (p = .007). Subjects who carried the wild-type g.56551G>A allele also had a 1.12-fold significantly higher Cmax than subjects with mutant-type homozygous carriers (p = .033). In stratified analyses, g.57332T>C was significantly associated with a 1.3-fold increase in Cmax value in T-allele carriers compared with subjects with the CC genotype in CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 expressers. POR g.57332T>C increased the score above the threshold in both ESEfinder 3.0 and HSF 3.1. CONCLUSION This study identified a novel SNP of the POR gene, which affected amlodipine metabolism and may reduce interindividual variation in responses to amlodipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Han
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Gwak
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Schulz C, Kammerer S, Küpper JH. NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase expression and enzymatic activity in primary-like human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells for in vitro biotransformation studies. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:249-260. [PMID: 31561354 PMCID: PMC6918903 DOI: 10.3233/ch-199226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Human hepatocyte in vitro cell culture systems are important models for drug development and toxicology studies in the context of liver xenobiotic metabolism. Often, such culture systems are used to elucidate the biotransformation of xenobiotics or drugs and further investigate drug and drug metabolite effects on biological systems in terms of potential therapeutic benefit or toxicity. Human hepatocytes currently used for such in vitro studies are mostly primary cells or cell lines derived from liver cancers. Both approaches have limitations such as low proliferation capacity and progressive dedifferentiation found in primary cells or lack of liver functions in cell lines, which makes it difficult to reliably predict biotransformation of xenobiotics in patients. In order to overcome these limitations, HepaFH3 cells and Upcyte® hepatocytes representing primary-like hepatocytes of the first and second generation are increasingly used. Based on primary human hepatocyte cells transduced for stable expression of Upcyte® proliferation genes, they are mitotically active and exhibit liver functions over an extended period, making them comparable to primary human hepatocytes. These hepatocyte models show active liver metabolism such as urea and glycogen formation as well as biotransformation of xenobiotics. The latter is based on the expression, activity and inducibility of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) as essential phase I reaction components. However, for further characterisation in terms of performance and existing limitations, additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in phase I reactions. One prerequisite is sufficient activity of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) functionally connected as electron donor to those CYP enzymes. OBJECTIVE: For Upcyte® hepatocytes and HepaFH3 cells, it is so far unknown to what extent POR is expressed, active, and may exert CYP-modulating effects. Here we studied POR expression and corresponding enzyme activity in human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 and compared this with HepaFH3 and Upcyte® hepatocytes representing proliferating primary-like hepatocytes. METHODS: POR expression of those hepatocyte models was determined at mRNA and protein level using qRT-PCR, Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining. Kinetic studies on POR activity in isolated microsomes were performed by a colorimetric method. RESULTS: The investigated hepatocyte models showed remarkable differences at the level of POR expression. Compared to primary-like hepatocytes, POR expression of HepG2 cells was 4-fold higher at mRNA and 2-fold higher at protein level. However, this higher expression did not correlate with corresponding enzyme activity levels in isolated microsomes, which were comparable between all cell systems tested. A tendency of higher POR activity in HepG2 cells compared to HepaFH3 (p = 0.0829) might be present. Compared to primary human hepatocyte microsomes, POR activity was considerably lower in all hepatocyte models. CONCLUSION: In summary, our study revealed that POR expression and activity were clearly detectable in all in vitro hepatocyte models with the highest POR expression in cancer cell line HepG2. However, POR activity was lower in tested hepatocyte models when compared to human primary hepatocyte microsomes. Whether this was caused by e.g. polymorphisms or metabolic differences of investigated hepatocyte models will be target for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schulz
- Fraunhofer Project Group PZ-Syn of the Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany, located at the Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg
| | - Sarah Kammerer
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Heiner Küpper
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
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15
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Parween S, Rojas Velazquez MN, Udhane SS, Kagawa N, Pandey AV. Variability in Loss of Multiple Enzyme Activities Due to the Human Genetic Variation P284T Located in the Flexible Hinge Region of NADPH Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1187. [PMID: 31749697 PMCID: PMC6843080 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 located in the endoplasmic reticulum require NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) for their catalytic activities. Mutations in POR cause multiple disorders in humans related to the biosynthesis of steroid hormones and also affect drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 activities. Electron transfer in POR occurs from NADH to FAD to FMN, and the flexible hinge region in POR is essential for domain movements to bring the FAD and FMN close together for electron transfer. We tested the effect of variations in the hinge region of POR to check if the effects would be similar across all redox partners or there will be differences in activities. Here we are reporting the effects of a POR genetic variant P284T located in the hinge region of POR that is necessary for the domain movements and internal electron transfer between co-factors. Human wild-type and P284T mutant of POR and cytochrome P450 proteins were expressed in bacteria, purified, and reconstituted for enzyme assays. We found that for the P284T variant of POR, the cytochrome c reduction activity was reduced to 47% of the WT and MTT reduction was reduced to only 15% of the WT. No impact on ferricyanide reduction activity was observed, indicating intact direct electron transfer from FAD to ferricyanide, but a severe loss of CYP19A1 (aromatase) activity was observed (9% of WT). In the assays of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes, the P284T variant of POR showed 26% activity for CYP2C9, 44% activity for CYP2C19, 23% activity for CYP3A4, and 44% activity in CYP3A5 assays compared to the WT POR. These results indicate a severe effect on several cytochrome P450 activities due to the P284T variation in POR, which suggests a negative impact on both the steroid as well as drug metabolism in the individuals carrying this variation. The negative impact of P284T mutation in the hinge region of POR seems to be due to disruption of FAD to FMN electron transfer. These results further emphasize the importance of hinge region in POR for protein flexibility and electron transfer within POR as well as the interaction of POR with different redox partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheena Parween
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Natalia Rojas Velazquez
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Sameer S Udhane
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Norio Kagawa
- School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Amit V Pandey
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Ozdemir F, Oz MD, Suzen HS. A Novel PCR-RFLP Method for Detection of POR*28 Polymorphism and its Genotype/Allele Frequencies in a Turkish Population. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:845-851. [PMID: 31518218 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190913121052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are involved in the metabolism of many endogenous and exogenous substances. They need electrons for their activity. CYP mediated oxidation reactions require cytochrome oxidoreductase (POR) as an electron donor. A common genetic variation identified in the coding region of POR gene (POR*28) leads to an alteration in POR activity by causing amino acid change. The current study aimed to determine the allele and genotype frequencies of POR*28 in a healthy Turkish population by using a novel genotyping assay. METHODS A novel PCR-RFLP assay was developed for the detection of POR*28 (rs1057868) polymorphism and the obtained frequencies were compared with the data established in various ethnic groups. RESULTS Genotypic analysis revealed that of 209 healthy, unrelated individuals tested for POR*28 polymorphism, 55.5% of the studied subjects were homozygous for the CC genotype, 34.9% were heterozygous for the CT genotype and 9.6% were homozygous for the TT genotype. The allele frequencies were 0.73 (C) and 0.27 (T). The present results were in accordance with the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. The distribution of POR*28 allele varies between populations. The frequency of the T allele among members of the Turkish population was similar to frequencies in Caucasian populations but was lower than in Japanese and Chinese populations. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a novel method was developed, which could be applied easily in every laboratory for the genotyping of POR *28 polymorphism. The developed genotyping method and documented allele frequencies may have potential in understanding and predicting the variations in drug response/adverse reactions in pharmacotherapy and susceptibility to diseases in POR-mediated metabolism reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fezile Ozdemir
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, 06590, Turkey
| | - Merve Demirbugen Oz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Hilat S Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
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17
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Émond JP, Labriet A, Desjardins S, Rouleau M, Villeneuve L, Hovington H, Brisson H, Lacombe L, Simonyan D, Caron P, Périgny M, Têtu B, Fallon JK, Klein K, Smith PC, Zanger UM, Guillemette C, Lévesque E. Factors Affecting Interindividual Variability of Hepatic UGT2B17 Protein Expression Examined Using a Novel Specific Monoclonal Antibody. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:444-452. [PMID: 30819787 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate quantification of the metabolic enzyme uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) UGT2B17 has been hampered by the high sequence identity with other UGT2B enzymes (as high as 94%) and by the lack of a specific antibody. Knowing the significance of the UGT2B17 pathway in drug and hormone metabolism and cancer, we developed a specific monoclonal antibody (EL-2B17mAb), initially validated by the lack of detection in liver microsomes of an individual carrying no UGT2B17 gene copy and in supersomes expressing UGT2B enzymes. Immunohistochemical detection in livers revealed strong labeling of bile ducts and variable labeling of hepatocytes. Expression levels assessed by immunoblotting were highly correlated to mass spectrometry-based quantification (r = 0.93), and three major expression patterns (absent, low, or high) were evidenced. Livers with very low expression were carriers of the functional rs59678213 G variant, located in the binding site for the transcription factor forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) of the UGT2B17 promoter. The highest level of expression was observed for individuals carrying at least one rs59678213 A allele. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the number of gene copies explained only 8% of UGT2B17 protein expression, 49% when adding rs59678213, reaching 54% when including sex. The novel EL-2B17mAb antibody allowed specific UGT2B17 quantification and exposed different patterns of hepatic expression. It further suggests that FOXA1 is a key driver of UGT2B17 expression in the liver. The availability of this molecular tool will help characterize the UGT2B17 level in various disease states and establish more precisely the contribution of the UGT2B17 enzyme to drug and hormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Émond
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Adrien Labriet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Sylvie Desjardins
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Michèle Rouleau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Lyne Villeneuve
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Hélène Hovington
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Hervé Brisson
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - David Simonyan
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Patrick Caron
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Martine Périgny
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Bernard Têtu
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - John K Fallon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Kathrin Klein
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Philip C Smith
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
| | - Eric Lévesque
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.É., S.D., H.H., H.B., L.L., M.P., B.T., E.L.) and CHU de Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University (A.L., M.R., L.V., P.C., C.G.), and Statistical and Clinical Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Centre (D.S.), Québec, Canada.); Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S.); and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (K.K., U.M.Z.)
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18
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Klein K, Tremmel R, Winter S, Fehr S, Battke F, Scheurenbrand T, Schaeffeler E, Biskup S, Schwab M, Zanger UM. A New Panel-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Method for ADME Genes Reveals Novel Associations of Common and Rare Variants With Expression in a Human Liver Cohort. Front Genet 2019; 10:7. [PMID: 30766545 PMCID: PMC6365429 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a panel-based NGS pipeline for comprehensive analysis of 340 genes involved in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of drugs, other xenobiotics, and endogenous substances. The 340 genes comprised phase I and II enzymes, drug transporters and regulator/modifier genes within their entire coding regions, adjacent intron regions and 5' and 3'UTR regions, resulting in a total panel size of 1,382 kbp. We applied the ADME NGS panel to sequence genomic DNA from 150 Caucasian liver donors with available comprehensive gene expression data. This revealed an average read-depth of 343 (range 27-811), while 99% of the 340 genes were covered on average at least 100-fold. Direct comparison of variant annotation with 363 available genotypes determined independently by other methods revealed an overall accuracy of >99%. Of 15,727 SNV and small INDEL variants, 12,022 had a minor allele frequency (MAF) below 2%, including 8,937 singletons. In total we found 7,273 novel variants. Functional predictions were computed for coding variants (n = 4,017) by three algorithms (Polyphen 2, Provean, and SIFT), resulting in 1,466 variants (36.5%) concordantly predicted to be damaging, while 1,019 variants (25.4%) were predicted to be tolerable. In agreement with other studies we found that less common variants were enriched for deleterious variants. Cis-eQTL analysis of variants with (MAF ≥ 2%) revealed significant associations for 90 variants in 31 genes after Bonferroni correction, most of which were located in non-coding regions. For less common variants (MAF < 2%), we applied the SKAT-O test and identified significant associations to gene expression for ADH1C and GSTO1. Moreover, our data allow comparison of functional predictions with additional phenotypic data to prioritize variants for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roman Tremmel
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Fehr
- CeGaT GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
- Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Battke
- CeGaT GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
- Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Scheurenbrand
- CeGaT GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
- Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- CeGaT GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
- Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Klag T, Thomas M, Ehmann D, Courth L, Mailänder-Sanchez D, Weiss TS, Dayoub R, Abshagen K, Vollmar B, Thasler WE, Stange EF, Berg CP, Malek NP, Zanger UM, Wehkamp J. β-Defensin 1 Is Prominent in the Liver and Induced During Cholestasis by Bilirubin and Bile Acids via Farnesoid X Receptor and Constitutive Androstane Receptor. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1735. [PMID: 30100908 PMCID: PMC6072844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Knowledge about innate antimicrobial defense of the liver is limited. We investigated hepatic expression and regulation of antimicrobial peptides with focus on the human beta defensin-1 (hBD-1). Methods Radial diffusion assay was used to analyze antimicrobial activity of liver tissue. Different defensins including hBD-1 and its activator thioredoxin-1 (TXN) were analyzed in healthy and cholestatic liver samples by qPCR and immunostaining. Regulation of hBD-1 expression was studied in vitro and in vivo using bile duct-ligated mice. Regulation of hBD-1 via bilirubin and bile acids (BAs) was studied using siRNA. Results We found strong antimicrobial activity of liver tissue against Escherichia coli. As a potential mediator of this antimicrobial activity we detected high expression of hBD-1 and TXN in hepatocytes, whereas other defensins were minimally expressed. Using a specific antibody for the reduced, antimicrobially active form of hBD-1 we found hBD-1 in co-localization with TXN within hepatocytes. hBD-1 was upregulated in cholestasis in a graded fashion. In cholestatic mice hepatic AMP expression (Defb-1 and Hamp) was enhanced. Bilirubin and BAs were able to induce hBD-1 in hepatic cell cultures in vitro. Treatment with siRNA and/or agonists demonstrated that the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) mediates basal expression of hBD-1, whereas both constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and FXR seem to be responsible for the induction of hBD-1 by bilirubin. Conclusion hBD-1 is prominently expressed in hepatocytes. It is induced during cholestasis through bilirubin and BAs, mediated by CAR and especially FXR. Reduction by TXN activates hBD-1 to a potential key player in innate antimicrobial defense of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Klag
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Ehmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lioba Courth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas S Weiss
- University Children Hospital (KUNO), Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rania Dayoub
- University Children Hospital (KUNO), Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Abshagen
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Thasler
- Department of Surgery, Grosshadern Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eduard F Stange
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph P Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Pasternak AL, Zhang L, Hertz DL. CYP3A pharmacogenetic association with tacrolimus pharmacokinetics differs based on route of drug administration. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:563-576. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus is prescribed to the majority of transplant recipients to prevent graft rejection, and although patients are maintained on oral administration, nonoral routes of administration are frequently used in the initial post-transplant period. CYP3A5 genotype is an established predictor of oral tacrolimus dose requirements, and clinical guideline recommendations exist for CYP3A5-guided dose selection. However, the association between CYP3A5 and nonoral tacrolimus administration is currently poorly understood, and differs from the oral tacrolimus relationship. In addition to CYP3A5, other pharmacogenes associated with CYP3A activity, including CYP3A4, CYP3A7 and POR have also been identified as predictors of tacrolimus exposure. This review will describe the current understanding of the relationship between these pharmacogenes and tacrolimus pharmacokinetics after oral and nonoral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Pasternak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel L Hertz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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21
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Satoh D, Abe S, Kobayashi K, Nakajima Y, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Human and mouse artificial chromosome technologies for studies of pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 33:17-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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A Novel Multiplex HRM Assay to Detect Clopidogrel Resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16021. [PMID: 29167499 PMCID: PMC5700108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medicine used to prevent blood clots in patients who have had a heart attack, stroke, or other symptoms. Variability in the clinical response to clopidogrel treatment has been attributed to genetic factors. In particular, five SNPs of rs4244285, rs4986893, rs12248560, rs662 and rs1045642 have been associated with resistance to clopidogrel therapy in Chinese population. This work involves the development of a multiplex high-resolution melting (HRM) assay to genotype all five of these loci in 2 tubes. Amplicons corresponding to distinct SNPs in a common tube were designed with the aid of uMelt prediction software to have different melting temperatures Tm by addition of a GC-rich tail to the 5' end of the certain primers. Two kinds of commercial methods, Digital Fluorescence Molecular Hybridization (DFMH) and Sanger sequencing, were used as a control. Three hundred sixteen DFMH pretested samples from consecutive acute coronary syndrome patients were used for a blinded study of multiplex HRM. The sensitivity of HRM was 100% and the specificity was 99.93% reflecting detection of variants other than the known resistance SNPs. Multiplex HRM is an effective closed-tube, highly accurate, fast, and inexpensive method for genotyping the 5 clopidogrel resistance associated SNPs.
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23
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Satoh D, Iwado S, Abe S, Kazuki K, Wakuri S, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Establishment of a novel hepatocyte model that expresses four cytochrome P450 genes stably via mammalian-derived artificial chromosome for pharmacokinetics and toxicity studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187072. [PMID: 29065189 PMCID: PMC5655360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The utility of HepG2 cells to assess drug metabolism and toxicity induced by chemical compounds is hampered by their low cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities. To overcome this limitation, we established HepG2 cell lines expressing major CYP enzymes involved in drug metabolism (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) and CYP oxidoreductase (POR) using the mammalian-derived artificial chromosome vector. Transchromosomic HepG2 (TC-HepG2) cells expressing four CYPs and POR were used to determine time- and concentration-dependent inhibition and toxicity of several compounds by luminescence detection of CYP-specific substrates and cell viability assays. Gene expression levels of all four CYPs and POR, as well as the CYP activities, were higher in TC-HepG2 clones than in parental HepG2 cells. Additionally, the activity levels of all CYPs were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by specific CYP inhibitors. Furthermore, preincubation of TC-HepG2 cells with CYP inhibitors known as time-dependent inhibitors (TDI) prior to the addition of CYP-specific substrates determined that CYP inhibition was enhanced in the TDI group than in the non-TDI group. Finally, the IC50 of bioactivable compound aflatoxin B1 was lower in TC-HepG2 cells than in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the TC-HepG2 cells characterized in the current study are a highly versatile model to evaluate drug-drug interactions and hepatotoxicity in initial screening of candidate drug compounds, which require a high degree of processing capacity and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Satoh
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Satoru Iwado
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- * E-mail:
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24
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Reed JR, Backes WL. The functional effects of physical interactions involving cytochromes P450: putative mechanisms of action and the extent of these effects in biological membranes. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 48:453-69. [PMID: 27500687 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1221961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 represent a family of enzymes, which are responsible for the oxidative metabolism of a wide variety of xenobiotics. Although the mammalian P450s require interactions with their redox partners in order to function, more recently, P450 system proteins have been shown to exist as multi-protein complexes that include the formation of P450•P450 complexes. Evidence has shown that the metabolism of some substrates by a given P450 can be influenced by the specific interaction of the enzyme with other forms of P450. Detailed kinetic analysis of these reactions in vitro has shown that the P450-P450 interactions can alter metabolism by changing the ability of a P450 to bind to its cognate redox partner, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase; by altering substrate binding to the affected P450; and/or by changing the rate of a catalytic step of the reaction cycle. This review summarizes the known examples of P450-P450 interactions that have been shown in vitro to influence metabolism and categorizes them according to the mechanism(s) causing the effects. P450-P450 interactions have the potential to cause major changes in the metabolism and elimination of drugs in vivo. This review summarizes the evidence that the P450-P450 interactions influence metabolism in biological membranes and discusses the studies, which will provide further insight into the extent of these effects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Reed
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and The Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Wayne L Backes
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and The Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA
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25
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Udhane SS, Parween S, Kagawa N, Pandey AV. Altered CYP19A1 and CYP3A4 Activities Due to Mutations A115V, T142A, Q153R and P284L in the Human P450 Oxidoreductase. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:580. [PMID: 28970799 PMCID: PMC5609582 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All cytochromes P450s in the endoplasmic reticulum rely on P450 oxidoreductase (POR) for their catalytic activities. Mutations in POR cause metabolic disorders of steroid hormone biosynthesis and affect certain drug metabolizing P450 activities. We studied mutations A115V, T142A, Q153R identified in the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) binding domain of POR that interacts with partner proteins and P284L located in the hinge region that is required for flexibility and domain movements in POR. Human wild-type (WT) and mutant POR as well as CYP3A4 and CYP19A1 proteins in recombinant form were expressed in bacteria, and purified proteins were reconstituted in liposomes for enzyme kinetic assays. Quality of POR protein was checked by cytochrome c reduction assay as well as flavin content measurements. We found that proteins carrying mutations A115V, T142A located close to the FMN binding site had reduced flavin content compared to WT POR and lost almost all activity to metabolize androstenedione via CYP19A1 and showed reduced CYP3A4 activity. The variant P284L identified from apparently normal subjects also had severe loss of both CYP19A1 and CYP3A4 activities, indicating this to be a potentially disease causing mutation. The mutation Q153R initially identified in a patient with disordered steroidogenesis showed remarkably increased activities of both CYP19A1 and CYP3A4 without any significant change in flavin content, indicating improved protein–protein interactions between POR Q153R and some P450 proteins. These results indicate that effects of mutations on activities of individual cytochromes P450 can be variable and a detailed analysis of each variant with different partner proteins is necessary to accurately determine the genotype-phenotype correlations of POR variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer S Udhane
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismUniversity Children's Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Shaheena Parween
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismUniversity Children's Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Norio Kagawa
- School of Medicine, Nagoya UniversityNagoya, Japan
| | - Amit V Pandey
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismUniversity Children's Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
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26
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Zhang JE, Klein K, Jorgensen AL, Francis B, Alfirevic A, Bourgeois S, Deloukas P, Zanger UM, Pirmohamed M. Effect of Genetic Variability in the CYP4F2, CYP4F11, and CYP4F12 Genes on Liver mRNA Levels and Warfarin Response. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:323. [PMID: 28620303 PMCID: PMC5449482 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in the gene encoding cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4F2, a vitamin K oxidase, affect stable warfarin dose requirements and time to therapeutic INR. CYP4F2 is part of the CYP4F gene cluster, which is highly polymorphic and exhibits a high degree of linkage disequilibrium, making it difficult to define causal variants. Our objective was to examine the effect of genetic variability in the CYP4F gene cluster on expression of the individual CYP4F genes and warfarin response. mRNA levels of the CYP4F gene cluster were quantified in human liver samples (n = 149) obtained from a well-characterized liver bank and fine mapping of the CYP4F gene cluster encompassing CYP4F2, CYP4F11, and CYP4F12 was performed. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from a prospective cohort of warfarin-treated patients (n = 711) was also analyzed for genetic variations across the CYP4F gene cluster. In addition, SNP-gene expression in human liver tissues and interactions between CYP4F genes were explored in silico using publicly available data repositories. We found that SNPs in CYP4F2, CYP4F11, and CYP4F12 were associated with mRNA expression in the CYP4F gene cluster. In particular, CYP4F2 rs2108622 was associated with increased CYP4F2 expression while CYP4F11 rs1060467 was associated with decreased CYP4F2 expression. Interestingly, these CYP4F2 and CYP4F11 SNPs showed similar effects with warfarin stable dose where CYP4F11 rs1060467 was associated with a reduction in daily warfarin dose requirement (∼1 mg/day, Pc = 0.017), an effect opposite to that previously reported with CYP4F2 (rs2108622). However, inclusion of either or both of these SNPs in a pharmacogenetic algorithm consisting of age, body mass index (BMI), gender, baseline clotting factor II level, CYP2C9∗2 rs1799853, CYP2C9∗3 rs1057910, and VKORC1 rs9923231 improved warfarin dose variability only by 0.5–0.7% with an improvement in dose prediction accuracy of ∼1–2%. Although there is complex regulation across the CYP4F gene cluster, the opposing effects between the two SNPs in the CYP4F gene cluster appear to compensate for each other and their effect on warfarin dose requirement is unlikely to be clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Zhang
- Wolfson Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of LiverpoolLiverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kathrin Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgart, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany
| | - Andrea L Jorgensen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of LiverpoolLiverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Francis
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of LiverpoolLiverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Alfirevic
- Wolfson Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of LiverpoolLiverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Bourgeois
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridge, United Kingdom.,Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgart, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of TuebingenTuebingen, Germany
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Wolfson Centre for Personalized Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of LiverpoolLiverpool, United Kingdom
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Methyleugenol DNA adducts in human liver are associated with SULT1A1 copy number variations and expression levels. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3329-3339. [PMID: 28326452 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Methyleugenol is a rodent hepatocarcinogen occurring in many herbs and spices as well as essential oils used for flavoring. Following metabolic activation by cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and sulfotransferases (SULTs), methyleugenol can form DNA adducts. Previously, we showed that DNA adduct formation by methyleugenol in mouse liver is dependent on SULT1A1 expression and that methyleugenol DNA adducts are abundant in human liver specimens. In humans, SULT1A1 activity is affected by genetic polymorphisms, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variations (CNVs). Here we investigated the relationship between individual methyleugenol DNA adduct levels and SULT1A1 in human liver samples. Using isotope-dilution ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, we quantified methyleugenol DNA adducts in 121 human surgical liver samples. Frequent CNVs, including deletions (f = 3.3%) and duplications (f = 36.4%) of SULT1A1, were identified using qPCR and TaqMan assays in the donors' genomic DNA. SULT1A1 mRNA and protein levels were quantified using microarray data and Western blot analysis, respectively. Methyleugenol DNA adducts were detected in all 121 liver samples studied. Their levels varied 122-fold between individuals and were significantly correlated to both mRNA and protein levels of SULT1A1 (r s = 0.43, and r s = 0.44, respectively). Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis identified significant associations of SULT1A1 CNVs with mRNA (p = 1.7 × 10-06) and protein (p = 4.4 × 10- 10) levels as well as methyleugenol DNA adduct levels (p = 0.003). These data establish the importance of SULT1A1 genotype for hepatic methyleugenol DNA adducts in humans, and they confirm a strong impact of SULT1A1 CNVs on SULT1A1 hepatic phenotype.
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Ayyar VS, Almon RR, DuBois DC, Sukumaran S, Qu J, Jusko WJ. Functional proteomic analysis of corticosteroid pharmacodynamics in rat liver: Relationship to hepatic stress, signaling, energy regulation, and drug metabolism. J Proteomics 2017; 160:84-105. [PMID: 28315483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroids (CS) are anti-inflammatory agents that cause extensive pharmacogenomic and proteomic changes in multiple tissues. An understanding of the proteome-wide effects of CS in liver and its relationships to altered hepatic and systemic physiology remains incomplete. Here, we report the application of a functional pharmacoproteomic approach to gain integrated insight into the complex nature of CS responses in liver in vivo. An in-depth functional analysis was performed using rich pharmacodynamic (temporal-based) proteomic data measured over 66h in rat liver following a single dose of methylprednisolone (MPL). Data mining identified 451 differentially regulated proteins. These proteins were analyzed on the basis of temporal regulation, cellular localization, and literature-mined functional information. Of the 451 proteins, 378 were clustered into six functional groups based on major clinically-relevant effects of CS in liver. MPL-responsive proteins were highly localized in the mitochondria (20%) and cytosol (24%). Interestingly, several proteins were related to hepatic stress and signaling processes, which appear to be involved in secondary signaling cascades and in protecting the liver from CS-induced oxidative damage. Consistent with known adverse metabolic effects of CS, several rate-controlling enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and fatty-acid metabolism were altered by MPL. In addition, proteins involved in the metabolism of endogenous compounds, xenobiotics, and therapeutic drugs including cytochrome P450 and Phase-II enzymes were differentially regulated. Proteins related to the inflammatory acute-phase response were up-regulated in response to MPL. Functionally-similar proteins showed large diversity in their temporal profiles, indicating complex mechanisms of regulation by CS. SIGNIFICANCE Clinical use of corticosteroid (CS) therapy is frequent and chronic. However, current knowledge on the proteome-level effects of CS in liver and other tissues is sparse. While transcriptomic regulation following methylprednisolone (MPL) dosing has been temporally examined in rat liver, proteomic assessments are needed to better characterize the tissue-specific functional aspects of MPL actions. This study describes a functional pharmacoproteomic analysis of dynamic changes in MPL-regulated proteins in liver and provides biological insight into how steroid-induced perturbations on a molecular level may relate to both adverse and therapeutic responses presented clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivaswath S Ayyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Richard R Almon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Debra C DuBois
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Siddharth Sukumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, United States.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review We provide an overview of the current knowledge on cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism organized as metabolons and factors that facilitate their stabilization. Essential parameters will be discussed including those that are commonly disregarded using the dhurrin metabolon from Sorghum bicolor as a case study. Recent Findings Sessile plants control their metabolism to prioritize their resources between growth and development, or defense. This requires fine-tuned complex dynamic regulation of the metabolic networks involved. Within the recent years, numerous studies point to the formation of dynamic metabolons playing a major role in controlling the metabolic fluxes within such networks. Summary We propose that P450s and their partners interact and associate dynamically with POR, which acts as a charging station possibly in concert with Cytb5. Solvent environment, lipid composition, and non-catalytic proteins guide metabolon formation and thereby activity, which have important implications for synthetic biology approaches aiming to produce high-value specialized metabolites in heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Etienne Bassard
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Center for Synthetic Biology, VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity,” Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Center for Synthetic Biology, VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity,” Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen Denmark
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Tomas Laursen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Center for Synthetic Biology, VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity,” Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen Denmark
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
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Flück CE, Pandey AV. Impact on CYP19A1 activity by mutations in NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:64-70. [PMID: 27032764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19A1), in human placenta metabolizes androgens to estrogens and uses reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate through cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) for the energy requirements of its metabolic activities. Mutations in the human POR lead to congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to loss of activities of several steroid metabolizing enzymatic reactions conducted by the cytochrome P450 proteins located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Effect of POR mutations on different P450 activities depend on individual partner proteins. In this report we have studied the impact of mutations found in the POR on the enzymatic activity of CYP19A1. We expressed wild type as well mutant human POR proteins in bacteria and purified the recombinant proteins, which were then used in an in vitro reconstitution system in combination with CYP19A1 and lipids for enzymatic analysis. We found that several mutations as well as polymorphisms in human POR can cause reduction of CYP19A1 activity. This would affect metabolism of estrogens in people with variations of POR allele. The POR mutants Y181D and R616X were found to have no activity in supporting CYP19A1 reactions. The POR mutations Y607C and delF646 showed a loss of 60-90% activity and two polymorphic forms of POR, R316W and G413S showed similar to WT activity. One POR variant, Q153R had almost double the activity of WT. Loss of CYP19A1 activity may contribute to disordered steroidogenesis in female patients with POR mutations as well as in mothers with POR variants carrying a male child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa E Flück
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Bern, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amit V Pandey
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Bern, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Tanner JA, Prasad B, Claw KG, Stapleton P, Chaudhry A, Schuetz EG, Thummel KE, Tyndale RF. Predictors of Variation in CYP2A6 mRNA, Protein, and Enzyme Activity in a Human Liver Bank: Influence of Genetic and Nongenetic Factors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 360:129-139. [PMID: 27815364 PMCID: PMC5193072 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2A6 CYP2A6: metabolizes several clinically relevant substrates, including nicotine, the primary psychoactive component in cigarette smoke. Smokers vary widely in their rate of inactivation and clearance of nicotine, altering numerous smoking phenotypes. We aimed to characterize independent and shared impact of genetic and nongenetic sources of variation in CYP2A6 mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in a human liver bank (n = 360). For the assessment of genetic factors, we quantified levels of CYP2A6, cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR), and aldo-keto reductase 1D1 (AKR1D1) mRNA, and CYP2A6 and POR proteins. CYP2A6 enzyme activity was determined through measurement of cotinine formation from nicotine and 7-hydroxycoumarin formation from coumarin. Donor DNA was genotyped for CYP2A6, POR, and AKR1D1 genetic variants. Nongenetic factors assessed included gender, age, and liver disease. CYP2A6 phenotype measures were positively correlated to each other (r values ranging from 0.47-0.88, P < 0.001). Female donors exhibited higher CYP2A6 mRNA expression relative to males (P < 0.05). Donor age was weakly positively correlated with CYP2A6 protein (r = 0.12, P < 0.05) and activity (r = 0.20, P < 0.001). CYP2A6 reduced-function genotypes, but not POR or AKR1D1 genotypes, were associated with lower CYP2A6 protein (P < 0.001) and activity (P < 0.01). AKR1D1 mRNA was correlated with CYP2A6 mRNA (r = 0.57, P < 0.001), protein (r = 0.30, P < 0.001), and activity (r = 0.34, P < 0.001). POR protein was correlated with CYP2A6 activity (r = 0.45, P < 0.001). Through regression analyses, we accounted for 17% (P < 0.001), 37% (P < 0.001), and 77% (P < 0.001) of the variation in CYP2A6 mRNA, protein, and activity, respectively. Overall, several independent and shared sources of variation in CYP2A6 activity in vitro have been identified, which could translate to variable hepatic clearance of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Anne Tanner
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J-A.T., R.F.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J-A.T., R.F.T.) and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutics (B.P., K.G.C, K.E.T.) and Center for Exposures, Diseases, Genomics, and Environment (P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.C., E.G.S.)
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J-A.T., R.F.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J-A.T., R.F.T.) and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutics (B.P., K.G.C, K.E.T.) and Center for Exposures, Diseases, Genomics, and Environment (P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.C., E.G.S.)
| | - Katrina G Claw
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J-A.T., R.F.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J-A.T., R.F.T.) and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutics (B.P., K.G.C, K.E.T.) and Center for Exposures, Diseases, Genomics, and Environment (P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.C., E.G.S.)
| | - Patricia Stapleton
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J-A.T., R.F.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J-A.T., R.F.T.) and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutics (B.P., K.G.C, K.E.T.) and Center for Exposures, Diseases, Genomics, and Environment (P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.C., E.G.S.)
| | - Amarjit Chaudhry
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J-A.T., R.F.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J-A.T., R.F.T.) and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutics (B.P., K.G.C, K.E.T.) and Center for Exposures, Diseases, Genomics, and Environment (P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.C., E.G.S.)
| | - Erin G Schuetz
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J-A.T., R.F.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J-A.T., R.F.T.) and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutics (B.P., K.G.C, K.E.T.) and Center for Exposures, Diseases, Genomics, and Environment (P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.C., E.G.S.)
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J-A.T., R.F.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J-A.T., R.F.T.) and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutics (B.P., K.G.C, K.E.T.) and Center for Exposures, Diseases, Genomics, and Environment (P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.C., E.G.S.)
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J-A.T., R.F.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (J-A.T., R.F.T.) and Department of Psychiatry (R.F.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutics (B.P., K.G.C, K.E.T.) and Center for Exposures, Diseases, Genomics, and Environment (P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.C., E.G.S.)
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Burkhard FZ, Parween S, Udhane SS, Flück CE, Pandey AV. P450 Oxidoreductase deficiency: Analysis of mutations and polymorphisms. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:38-50. [PMID: 27068427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is required for metabolic reactions of steroid and drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 proteins located in endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in POR cause a complex set of disorders resembling combined deficiencies of multiple steroid metabolizing enzymes. The P450 oxidoreductase deficiency (PORD) was first reported in patients with symptoms of defects in steroidogenic cytochrome P450 enzymes and ambiguous genitalia, and bone malformation features resembling Antley-Bixler syndrome. POR is now classified as a separate and rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), which may cause disorder of sexual development (DSD). Since the initial description of PORD in 2004, a large number of POR mutations and polymorphisms have been described. In this report we have performed computational analysis of mutations and polymorphisms in POR linked to metabolism of steroids and xenobiotics and pathology of PORD from the reported cases. The mutations in POR that were identified in patients with disruption of steroidogenesis also have severe effects on cytochrome P450 proteins involved in metabolism of drugs. Different variations in POR show a range of diverse effects on different partner proteins that are often linked to the location of the particular variants. The variations in POR that cause defective binding of co-factors always have damaging effects on all partner proteins, while the mutations causing subtle structural changes may lead to altered interaction with partner proteins and the overall effect may be different for each individual partner. Computational analysis of available sequencing data and mutation analysis shows that Japanese (R457H), Caucasian (A287P) and Turkish (399-401) populations can be linked to unique founder mutations. Other mutations identified so far were identified as rare alleles or in single isolated reports. The common polymorphism of POR is the variant A503V which can be found in about 27% of alleles in general population but there are remarkable differences among different sub populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Z Burkhard
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Bern, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shaheena Parween
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Bern, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sameer S Udhane
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Bern, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christa E Flück
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Bern, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amit V Pandey
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Bern, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Hatta FHM, Aklillu E. P450 (Cytochrome) Oxidoreductase Gene (POR) Common Variant (POR*28) Significantly Alters CYP2C9 Activity in Swedish, But Not in Korean Healthy Subjects. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 19:777-81. [PMID: 26669712 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CYP2C9 enzyme contributes to the metabolism of several pharmaceuticals and xenobiotics and yet displays large person-to-person and interethnic variation. Understanding the mechanisms of CYP2C9 variation is thus of immense importance for personalized medicine and rational therapeutics. A genetic variant of P450 (cytochrome) oxidoreductase (POR), a CYP450 redox partner, is reported to influence CYP2C9 metabolic activity in vitro. We investigated the impact of a common variant, POR*28, on CYP2C9 metabolic activity in humans. 148 healthy Swedish and 146 healthy Korean volunteers were genotyped for known CYP2C9 defective variant alleles (CYP2C9*2, *3). The CYP2C9 phenotype was determined using a single oral dose of 50 mg losartan. Excluding oral contraceptive (OC) users and carriers of 2C9*2 and *3 alleles, 117 Korean and 65 Swedish were genotyped for POR*5, *13 and *28 using Taqman assays. The urinary losartan to its metabolite E-3174 metabolic ratio (MR) was used as an index of CYP2C9 metabolic activity. The allele frequency of the POR*28 variant allele in Swedes and Koreans was 29% and 44%, respectively. POR*5 and *13 were absent in both study populations. Considering the CYP2C9*1/*1 genotypes only, the CYP2C9 metabolic activity was 1.40-fold higher in carriers of POR*28 allele than non-carriers among Swedes (p = 0.02). By contrast, no influence of the POR*28 on CYP2C9 activity was found in Koreans (p = 0.68). The multivariate analysis showed that ethnicity, POR genotype, and smoking were strong predictors of CYP2C9 MR (p < 0.05). This is the first report to implicate the importance of POR*28 genetic variation for CYP2C9 metabolic activity in humans. These findings contribute to current efforts for global personalized medicine and using medicines by taking into account pharmacogenetic and phenotypic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazleen H M Hatta
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital , Huddinge, Sweden .,2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA , Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eleni Aklillu
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital , Huddinge, Sweden
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Associations of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase genetic polymorphisms with smoking cessation in a Chinese population. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1389-1397. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Liu S, Chen RX, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang XD, Fu Q, Chen LY, Liu XM, Huang HB, Huang M, Wang CX, Li JL. The POR rs1057868-rs2868177 GC-GT diplotype is associated with high tacrolimus concentrations in early post-renal transplant recipients. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1251-8. [PMID: 27498776 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is the only flavoprotein that donates electrons to all microsomal P450 enzymes (CYP), and several POR SNPs have been shown to be important contributors to altered CYP activity or CYP-mediated drug metabolism. In this study we examined the association between 6 POR SNPs and tacrolimus concentrations in Chinese renal transplant recipients. METHODS A total of 154 renal transplant recipients were enrolled. Genotyping of CYP3A5*3 and 6 POR SNPs was performed. All patients received a triple immunosuppressive regimen comprising tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone. Dose-adjusted tacrolimus trough concentrations were obtained on d 7 (C0D7/D) after transplantation when steady-state concentration of tacrolimus was achieved (dosage had been unchanged for more than 3 d). RESULTS Tacrolimus C0D7/D in CYP3A5*3/*3/ POR rs1057868-rs2868177 GC-GT diplotype carriers was 1.62- and 2.72-fold higher than those in CYP3A5*3/*3/ POR rs1057868-rs2868177 GC-GT diplotype non-carriers and CYP3A5*1 carriers (220.17±48.09 vs 135.69±6.86 and 80.84±5.27 ng/mL/mg/kg, respectively, P<0.0001). Of CYP3A5*3/*3/ POR rs1057868-rs2868177GC-GT diplotype carriers, 85.71% exceeded the upper limit of the target range (8 ng/mL), which was also significantly higher compared with the latter two groups (14.29% and 0.00%, respectively, P<0.0001). The CYP3A5*3 and POR rs1057868-rs2868177 GC-GT diplotype explained 31.7% and 5.7%, respectively, of the inter-individual variability of tacrolimus C0D7/D, whereas the POR rs1057868-rs2868177 GC-GT diplotype could explain 10.9% of the inter-individual variability of tacrolimus C0D7/D in CYP3A5 non-expressers. CONCLUSION The CYP3A5*3 and POR rs1057868-rs2868177 GC-GT diplotype accounted for the inter-individual variation of tacrolimus C0D7/D. Genotyping of POR rs1057868-rs2868177 diplotypes would help to differentiate initial tacrolimus dose requirements and to achieve early target C0 ranges in Chinese renal transplant recipients.
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Zeng WT, Xu Q, Li CH, Chen WY, Sun XT, Wang X, Yang YY, Shi H, Yang ZS. Influence of genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase on the variability in stable warfarin maintenance dose in Han Chinese. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 72:1327-1334. [PMID: 27488389 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate whether any of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the POR gene were significantly associated with CYP activity and expression, and could contribute to the total variability in stable warfarin maintenance doses in Han Chinese. METHODS A total of 408 patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University were eligible for the study and had attained a stable warfarin maintenance dose at the start of the investigation. Demographics, warfarin maintenance doses, and concomitant medications were documented. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and genotyped for ten SNPs (CYP 2C9*2 and *3, CYP4F2 rs2108622, VKORC1 -1639C>T, and potential POR genes of rs10239977, rs3815455, rs41301394, rs56256515, rs1057868, and rs2286823) using the Sequenom MassARRAY genotyping system. RESULTS A predictive model of warfarin maintenance dose was established and indicated that age, gender, body surface area, aspirin use, CYP2C9*3, CYP4F2 rs2108622, VKORC1 -1639C>T, and POR*37 831-35C>T accounted for 42.4 % of dose variance in patients undergoing anticoagulant treatment. The contribution of POR*37 831-35C>T to warfarin dose variation was only 3.9 %. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the SNP POR*37 831-35C>T was confirmed as a minor but statistically significant factor associated with interindividual variation in warfarin maintenance dose in Han Chinese. The POR*37 gene polymorphism should be considered in future algorithms for faster and more reliable achievement of stable warfarin maintenance doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Tao Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Rd.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Rd.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hsun Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Rd.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Yan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgangdong Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Ting Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Rd.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Rd.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ying Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Rd.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Rd.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Rd.2, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
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The P450 oxidoreductase (POR) rs2868177 and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6*6 polymorphisms contribute to the interindividual variability in human CYP2B6 activity. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 72:1205-1213. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hu L, Lv JF, Zhuo W, Zhang CM, Zhou HH, Fan L. Effect of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase on all-trans-retinoic acid efficacy and cytochrome P450 26A1 expression in human myeloid leukaemia HL-60 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:1193-202. [PMID: 27366899 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a naturally occurring metabolite of vitamin A, has been shown to have great potential as an antitumorigenic drug to treat acute leukaemia by promoting cancer cell differentiation. Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is the only obligate electron donor for all of the microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes including CYP26A1 which is highly specific for ATRA metabolism and efficacy in human myeloid leukaemia cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of POR on ATRA efficacy and CYP26A1 expression in human myeloid leukaemia HL-60 cells. METHODS Stably expressed POR and POR-RNAi HL-60 cell lines were established by transfecting POR overexpression or RNAi (RNA interference) vectors mediated by lentivirus. The protein expression of POR and CYP26A1 was examined by Western blot. The potential roles of POR on ATRA efficacy in HL-60 cells were explored by cell viability assay, cell cycle distribution, cellular differentiation and apoptosis analysis. KEY FINDINGS All-trans-retinoic acid treatment caused the expression of POR upregulation and CYP26A1 downregulation in dose- and time-dependent manners. POR overexpression decreased CYP26A1 expression in HL-60 cells. When POR gene was interfered, the downregulation of CYP26A1 expression by ATRA was abolished. In addition, POR overexpression in HL-60 cells significantly compromised ATRA-induced cell proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis, whereas downregulation of POR significantly potentiated ATRA effects. CONCLUSIONS Our study therefore suggested that POR played an important role in regulating ATRA efficacy and CYP26A1 expression in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Feng Lv
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong-Min Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Gao N, Tian X, Fang Y, Zhou J, Zhang H, Wen Q, Jia L, Gao J, Sun B, Wei J, Zhang Y, Cui M, Qiao H. Gene polymorphisms and contents of cytochrome P450s have only limited effects on metabolic activities in human liver microsomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 92:86-97. [PMID: 27339126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extensive inter-individual variations in pharmacokinetics are considered as a major reason for unpredictable drug responses. As the most important drug metabolic enzymes, inter-individual variations of cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities are not clear in human liver. In this paper, metabolic activities, gene polymorphisms and protein contents of 10 CYPs were determined in 105 human normal liver microsomes. The results indicated substantial inter-individual variations in CYP activities, with the greatest being CYP2C19 activity (>600-fold). Only half of 10 CYP isoforms and 26 gene polymorphism sites had limited effects on metabolic activities, such as CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5, others had almost no effects. Compared with their respective wild type, Km, Vmax, and CLint decreased by 51.6%, 88.7% and 70.7% in CYP2A6*1/*4 genotype, Vmax and CLint decreased by 32.8% and 60.2% in CYP2C9*1/*3 genotype, Km increased by 118.4% and CLint decreased by 65.2% in CYP2D6 100TT genotype, respectively. Moreover, there were only 4 CYP isoforms, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A5, which had moderate or weak correlations between Vmax values and corresponding contents. In conclusions, the genotypes and contents of some CYPs have only limited effects on metabolic activities, which imply that there are other more important factors to influence inter-individual variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tian
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjing Jia
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Cui
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailing Qiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Zhang HF, Li ZH, Liu JY, Liu TT, Wang P, Fang Y, Zhou J, Cui MZ, Gao N, Tian X, Gao J, Wen Q, Jia LJ, Qiao HL. Correlation of Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase Expression with the Expression of 10 Isoforms of Cytochrome P450 in Human Liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1193-200. [PMID: 27271371 PMCID: PMC4986620 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.069849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) provides electrons for all microsomal cytochromes P450 (P450s) and plays an indispensable role in drug metabolism catalyzed by this family of enzymes. We evaluated 100 human liver samples and found that POR protein content varied 12.8-fold, from 12.59 to 160.97 pmol/mg, with a median value of 67.99 pmol/mg; POR mRNA expression varied by 26.4-fold. POR activity was less variable with a median value of 56.05 nmol/min per milligram. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption clearly influenced POR activity. Liver samples with a 2286822 TT genotype had significantly higher POR mRNA expression than samples with CT genotype. Homozygous carriers of POR2286822C>T, 2286823G>A, and 3823884A>C had significantly lower POR protein levels compared with the corresponding heterozygous carriers. Liver samples from individuals homozygous at 286823G>A, 1135612A>G, and 10954732G>A generally had lower POR activity levels than those from heterozygous or wild-type samples, whereas the common variant POR*28 significantly increased POR activity. There was a strong association between POR and the expression of P450 isoforms at the mRNA and protein level, whereas the relationship at the activity level, as well as the effect of POR protein content on P450 activity, was less pronounced. POR transcription was strongly correlated with both hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha and pregnane X receptor mRNA levels. In conclusion, we have elucidated some potentially important correlations between POR single-nucleotide polymorphisms and POR expression in the Chinese population and have developed a database that correlates POR expression with the expression and activity of 10 P450s important in drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hui Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yu Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhu Cui
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tian
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Jing Jia
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ling Qiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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41
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Davydov DR. Molecular organization of the microsomal oxidative system: a new connotation for an old term. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750816010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Effects of the selected cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase genetic polymorphisms on cytochrome P450 2B6 activity as measured by bupropion hydroxylation. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2016; 26:80-7. [DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Pellé L, Cipollini M, Tremmel R, Romei C, Figlioli G, Gemignani F, Melaiu O, De Santi C, Barone E, Elisei R, Seiser E, Innocenti F, Zanger UM, Landi S. Association between CYP2E1 polymorphisms and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:3099-3109. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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44
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Toxicogenomics. Forensic Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-799967-8.15004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Davydov DR. [Molecular organization of the microsomal oxidative system: a new connotation for an old term]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015; 61:176-87. [PMID: 25978385 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156102176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The central role that cytochromes P450 play in the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics makes these enzymes a major subject for studies of drug disposition, adverse drug effects and drug-drug interactions. Although there has been tremendous success in delineating P450 mechanisms, the concept of the drug-metabolizing ensemble as a functionally integrated system remains undeveloped. However, eukaryotic cells typically possess a multitude of different P450 enzymes that are co-localized in the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and interact with each other with the formation of dynamic heteromeric complexes (mixed oligomers). Appreciation of the importance of developing an integral, systems approach to the ensemble of cytochromes P450 as an integral system inspired growing interest of researchers to the molecular organization of microsomal monooxygenase, which remained in the focus of research of academician Archakov for over 40 years. Fundamental studies carried out under his guidance have an important impact on our current concepts in this area. Further exploration of the molecular organization of the system of microsomal monooxygenase as an integral multienzyme and multifunctional system will have an essential impact on our understanding of the key factors that determine the changes in human drug metabolism and other P450-related functions in development, aging, and disease, as well as under influence of drugs, food ingredients, and environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Davydov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Washington, USA
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46
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El-Serafi I, Afsharian P, Moshfegh A, Hassan M, Terelius Y. Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase Influences CYP2B6 Activity in Cyclophosphamide Bioactivation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141979. [PMID: 26544874 PMCID: PMC4636385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cyclophosphamide is commonly used as an important component in conditioning prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a curative treatment for several hematological diseases. Cyclophosphamide is a prodrug activated mainly by cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) in the liver. A high degree of inter- and intra-individual variation in cyclophosphamide kinetics has been reported in several studies. Materials and Methods Hydroxylation of cyclophosphamide was investigated in vitro using three microsomal batches of CYP2B6*1 with different ratios of POR/CYP expression levels. Twenty patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were also included in the study. All patients received an i.v. infusion of cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/day, for two days) as a part of their conditioning. Blood samples were collected from each patient before cyclophosphamide infusion, 6 h after the first dose and before and 6 h after the second dose. POR gene expression was measured by mRNA analysis and the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and its active metabolite were determined. Results A strong correlation between the in vitro intrinsic clearance of cyclophosphamide and the POR/CYP ratio was found. The apparent Km for CYP2B6.1 was almost constant (3-4 mM), while the CLint values were proportional to the POR/CYP ratio (3-34 μL/min/nmol CYP). In patients, the average expression of the POR gene in blood was significantly (P <0.001) up-regulated after cyclophosphamide infusion, with high inter-individual variations and significant correlation with the concentration ratio of the active metabolite 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide/cyclophosphamide. Nine patients were carriers for POR*28; four patients had relatively high POR expression. Conclusions This investigation shows for the first time that POR besides CYP2B6 can influence cyclophosphamide metabolism. Our results indicate that not only CYPs are important, but also POR expression and/or activity may influence cyclophosphamide bioactivation, affecting therapeutic efficacy and treatment related toxicity and hence on clinical outcome. Thus, both POR and CYP genotype and expression levels may have to be taken into account when personalizing treatment schedules to achieve optimal therapeutic drug plasma concentrations of cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim El-Serafi
- Experimental Cancer Medicine (ECM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Parvaneh Afsharian
- Experimental Cancer Medicine (ECM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Moshfegh
- Cancer Center of Karolinska (CCK), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine (ECM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Research Centre, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Ylva Terelius
- Department of Discovery Research, Medivir AB, Huddinge, Sweden
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47
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Thomas M, Winter S, Klumpp B, Turpeinen M, Klein K, Schwab M, Zanger UM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, PPARα, directly regulates transcription of cytochrome P450 CYP2C8. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:261. [PMID: 26582990 PMCID: PMC4631943 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450, CYP2C8, metabolizes more than 60 clinically used drugs as well as endogenous substances including retinoic acid and arachidonic acid. However, predictive factors for interindividual variability in the efficacy and toxicity of CYP2C8 drug substrates are essentially lacking. Recently we demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a nuclear receptor primarily involved in control of lipid and energy homeostasis directly regulates the transcription of CYP3A4. Here we investigated the potential regulation of CYP2C8 by PPARα. Two linked intronic SNPs in PPARα (rs4253728, rs4823613) previously associated with hepatic CYP3A4 status showed significant association with CYP2C8 protein level in human liver samples (N = 150). Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knock-down of PPARα in HepaRG human hepatocyte cells resulted in up to ∼60 and ∼50% downregulation of CYP2C8 mRNA and activity, while treatment with the PPARα agonist WY14,643 lead to an induction by >150 and >100%, respectively. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation scanning assay we identified a specific upstream gene region that is occupied in vivo by PPARα. Electromobility shift assay demonstrated direct binding of PPARα to a DR-1 motif located at positions –2762/–2775 bp upstream of the CYP2C8 transcription start site. We further validated the functional activity of this element using luciferase reporter gene assays in HuH7 cells. Moreover, based on our previous studies we demonstrated that WNT/β-catenin acts as a functional inhibitor of PPARα-mediated inducibility of CYP2C8 expression. In conclusion, our data suggest direct involvement of PPARα in both constitutive and inducible regulation of CYP2C8 expression in human liver, which is further modulated by WNT/β-catenin pathway. PPARA gene polymorphism could have a modest influence on CYP2C8 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Britta Klumpp
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Miia Turpeinen
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany ; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Germany ; University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany
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Gene copy number variation analysis reveals dosage-insensitive expression of CYP2E1. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 16:551-558. [PMID: 26503817 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gene copy number variants (CNVs) of CYP2E1 have been described but not functionally characterized. Here we investigated effects of CNVs on hepatic and lymphoblastoid CYP2E1 expression. Using available single-nuleotide polymorphism microarray data and quantitative PCR, CYP2E1 gene duplication and deletion carriers were identified. CYP2E1 mRNA, protein and enzyme activity (chlorzoxazone-6-hydroxylation) phenotypes of CYP2E1 were not associated with gene copy number. Analysis of gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines in relation to CNV confirmed this finding in an extrahepatic tissue and for other ethnicities. Further analyses identified a linked haplotype cluster with possible influence on gene expression. In summary, our data suggest a homeostatic, gene dosage-insensitive regulation of CYP2E1 expression by unknown gene dosage compensation mechanisms. This is in striking contrast to well-known structural variations of CYP2A6 and CYP2D6 that have a strong impact on expression and activity. These findings are important in the context of pharmacogenetic prediction.
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49
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Woolsey SJ, Beaton MD, Choi YH, Dresser GK, Gryn SE, Kim RB, Tirona RG. Relationships between Endogenous Plasma Biomarkers of Constitutive Cytochrome P450 3A Activity and Single-Time-Point Oral Midazolam Microdose Phenotype in Healthy Subjects. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:284-91. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Woolsey
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Medicine; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
| | - Melanie D. Beaton
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
| | - George K. Dresser
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Medicine; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
| | - Steven E. Gryn
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Medicine; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
| | - Richard B. Kim
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Medicine; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
| | - Rommel G. Tirona
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Medicine; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
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50
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Belotte J, Fletcher NM, Saed MG, Abusamaan MS, Dyson G, Diamond MP, Saed GM. A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Catalase Is Strongly Associated with Ovarian Cancer Survival. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135739. [PMID: 26301412 PMCID: PMC4547699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers. Recent evidence demonstrates an association between enzymatic activity altering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with human cancer susceptibility. We sought to evaluate the association of SNPs in key oxidant and antioxidant enzymes with increased risk and survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. Individuals (n = 143) recruited were divided into controls, (n = 94): healthy volunteers, (n = 18), high-risk BRCA1/2 negative (n = 53), high-risk BRCA1/2 positive (n = 23) and ovarian cancer cases (n = 49). DNA was subjected to TaqMan SNP genotype analysis for selected oxidant and antioxidant enzymes. Of the seven selected SNP studied, no association with ovarian cancer risk (Pearson Chi-square) was found. However, a catalase SNP was identified as a predictor of ovarian cancer survival by the Cox regression model. The presence of this SNP was associated with a higher likelihood of death (hazard ratio (HR) of 3.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.149–11.836)) for ovarian cancer patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significant median overall survival difference (108 versus 60 months, p<0.05) for those without the catalase SNP as compared to those with the SNP. Additionally, age at diagnosis greater than the median was found to be a significant predictor of death (HR of 2.78 (95% CI: 1.022–7.578)). This study indicates a strong association with the catalase SNP and survival of ovarian cancer patients, and thus may serve as a prognosticator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Belotte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Nicole M. Fletcher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Mohammed G. Saed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Mohammed S. Abusamaan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ghassan M. Saed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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