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P Sarmiento A, Dorado P, Borbón A, de Andrés F, LLerena A. High prevalence of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers in a mestizo Colombian population in relation to Hispanic mestizo populations. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:1227-1236. [PMID: 33124522 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interethnic differences in CYP2D6 allele frequency have been demonstrated across Latin-American countries. Only one previous study describing CYP2D6 genotypes in Colombian population has been performed. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the CYP2D6 genetic variability in a mestizo Colombian population, as well as the similarities and differences concerning other Hispanic mestizo (HM) populations. Methodology: Two hundred and twelve unrelated healthy Colombian subjects were studied, in which different CYP2D6 polymorphisms were analyzed by extra long-PCR and real-time PCR. Results & discussion: A high percentage of ultrarapid metabolizers (18.4%) was found, representing the highest frequency calculated within the HM populations studied. However, the percentage of poor metabolizers (4.7%) was similar to those previously reported in HM populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba P Sarmiento
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Pedro Dorado
- INUBE Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Angélica Borbón
- Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Fernando de Andrés
- INUBE Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Adrián LLerena
- INUBE Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
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Leitão LPC, Souza TP, Rodrigues JCG, Fernandes MR, Santos S, Santos NPC. The Metabolization Profile of the CYP2D6 Gene in Amerindian Populations: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030262. [PMID: 32121156 PMCID: PMC7140882 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the CYP2D6 gene is clinically important and is known to have a number of variants. This gene has four distinct metabolization profiles that are determined by the different allelic forms present in the individual. The relative frequency of these profiles varies considerably among human populations around the world. Populations from more isolated regions, such as Native Americans, are still relatively poorly studied, however. Even so, recent advances in genotyping techniques and increasing interest in the study of these populations has led to a progressive increase in publication rates. Given this, the review presented here compiled the principal papers published on the CYP2D6 gene in Amerindian populations to determine the metabolic profile of this group. METHODS a systematic literature review was conducted in three scientific publication platforms (Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Pubmed). The search was run using the keywords "CYP2D6 Amerindians" and "CYP2D6 native Americans". RESULTS a total of 13 original papers met the inclusion criteria established for this study. All the papers presented frequencies of the different CYP2D6 alleles in Amerindian populations. Seven of the papers focused specifically on Amerindian populations from Mexico, while the others included populations from Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and the United States. The results of the papers reviewed here showed that the extensive metabolization profile was the most prevalent in all Amerindian populations studied to date, followed by the intermediate, slow, and ultra-rapid, in that order. CONCLUSION the metabolization profiles of the Amerindian populations reviewed in the present study do not diverge in any major way from those of other populations from around the world. Given the paucity of the data available on Amerindian populations, further research is required to better characterize the metabolization profile of these populations to ensure the development of adequate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P. C. Leitão
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66073, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (T.P.S.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Tatiane P. Souza
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66073, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (T.P.S.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Juliana C. G. Rodrigues
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66073, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (T.P.S.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Marianne R. Fernandes
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66073, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (T.P.S.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Sidney Santos
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66073, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (T.P.S.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Ney P. C. Santos
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66073, Brazil; (L.P.C.L.); (T.P.S.); (J.C.G.R.); (M.R.F.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66077-830, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Barquera R, Zuniga J, Flores-Rivera J, Corona T, Penman BS, Hernández-Zaragoza DI, Soler M, Jonapá-Gómez L, Mallempati KC, Yescas P, Ochoa-Morales A, Barsakis K, Aguilar-Vázquez JA, García-Lechuga M, Mindrinos M, Yunis M, Jiménez-Alvarez L, Mena-Hernández L, Ortega E, Cruz-Lagunas A, Tovar-Méndez VH, Granados J, Fernández-Viña M, Yunis E. Diversity of HLA Class I and Class II blocks and conserved extended haplotypes in Lacandon Mayans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3248. [PMID: 32094421 PMCID: PMC7039995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we studied HLA blocks and haplotypes in a group of 218 Lacandon Maya Native American using a high-resolution next generation sequencing (NGS) method. We assessed the genetic diversity of HLA class I and class II in this population, and determined the most probable ancestry of Lacandon Maya HLA class I and class II haplotypes. Importantly, this Native American group showed a high degree of both HLA homozygosity and linkage disequilibrium across the HLA region and also lower class II HLA allelic diversity than most previously reported populations (including other Native American groups). Distinctive alleles present in the Lacandon population include HLA-A*24:14 and HLA-B*40:08. Furthermore, in Lacandons we observed a high frequency of haplotypes containing the allele HLA-DRB1*04:11, a relatively frequent allele in comparison with other neighboring indigenous groups. The specific demographic history of the Lacandon population including inbreeding, as well as pathogen selection, may have elevated the frequencies of a small number of HLA class II alleles and DNA blocks. To assess the possible role of different selective pressures in determining Native American HLA diversity, we evaluated the relationship between genetic diversity at HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 and pathogen richness for a global dataset and for Native American populations alone. In keeping with previous studies of such relationships we included distance from Africa as a covariate. After correction for multiple comparisons we did not find any significant relationship between pathogen diversity and HLA genetic diversity (as measured by polymorphism information content) in either our global dataset or the Native American subset of the dataset. We found the expected negative relationship between genetic diversity and distance from Africa in the global dataset, but no relationship between HLA genetic diversity and distance from Africa when Native American populations were considered alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barquera
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Jena, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquin Zuniga
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Flores-Rivera
- Clinical Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Corona
- Clinical Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bridget S Penman
- University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Iraíz Hernández-Zaragoza
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico
- Immunogenetics Unit, Técnicas Genéticas Aplicadas a la Clínica (TGAC), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Soler
- Department of Transplantation, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Kalyan C Mallempati
- Histocompatibility, Immunogenetics and Disease Profiling Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Biology Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Petra Yescas
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Ochoa-Morales
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Konstantinos Barsakis
- Histocompatibility, Immunogenetics and Disease Profiling Laboratory, Stanford Blood Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - José Artemio Aguilar-Vázquez
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Unidad Médica Familiar (UMF) No. 23, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Maricela García-Lechuga
- Department of Transplantation, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - María Yunis
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luis Jiménez-Alvarez
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Mena-Hernández
- Department of Transplantation, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esteban Ortega
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Tovar-Méndez
- Department of Transplantation, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Granados
- Department of Transplantation, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMSZ), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Edmond Yunis
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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León-Moreno LC, Saldaña-Cruz AM, Sánchez-Corona J, Mendoza-Carrera F, García-Zapién AG, Revilla-Monsalve C, Islas-Andrade S, Brito-Zurita O, Pérez-Vargas A, Flores-Martínez SE. Distribution of potential risk alleles and haplotypes of the CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genes in Mexican native populations: A comparative study among Amerindian populations. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Nguyen HH, Ma TTH, Vu NP, Bach QTN, Vu TH, Nguyen TD, Nong HV. Single nucleotide and structural variants of CYP2D6 gene in Kinh Vietnamese population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15891. [PMID: 31145348 PMCID: PMC6709254 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP2D6 genetic variations could result in alteration of CYP2D6 enzyme activity, leading to dissimilarity among individuals in regard of drug metabolism.This study aims to detect all genetic variants, allele, and genotype frequencies of CYP2D6 gene in 136 unrelated healthy Kinh Vietnamese volunteers. All single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and structural variations (SVs) of CYP2D6 gene were identified by Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay.Totally, 30 SNVs and 9 SVs including a whole gene deletion, 8 hybrid structures, and tandem arrangements were identified. Of the 7 novel SNVs detected, the 3157G>T (R329L) substitution was predicted to be deleterious by PROVEAN; the 3851G>A (W358X) variant resulted in a truncated protein; and the 2988G>A variant located in the intron 6 was predicted to be capable of modifying splicing motif by Human Splicing Finder. We determined 29 different genotypes of CYP2D6 from 136 individuals. The most common alleles were the CYP2D6*10 (43.75%), *1 (18.75%), and tandem arrangement *36-*10 (12.13%).This study provides best information on CYP2D6 polymorphism comprising the newly discovered SNVs, structural variations, and their frequencies in Kinh Vietnamese. These new data would be valuable in view of precise dosing of CYP2D6 metabolized drugs and giving better treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Hai Nguyen
- Institute of Genome Research
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi
| | | | - Nhung Phuong Vu
- Institute of Genome Research
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi
| | | | | | - Ton Dang Nguyen
- Institute of Genome Research
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi
| | - Hai Van Nong
- Institute of Genome Research
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi
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Naranjo MEG, Rodrigues-Soares F, Peñas-Lledó EM, Tarazona-Santos E, Fariñas H, Rodeiro I, Terán E, Grazina M, Moya GE, López-López M, Sarmiento AP, Calzadilla LR, Ramírez-Roa R, Ortiz-López R, Estévez-Carrizo FE, Sosa-Macías M, Barrantes R, LLerena A. Interethnic Variability in CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 Genes and Predicted Drug Metabolism Phenotypes Among 6060 Ibero- and Native Americans: RIBEF-CEIBA Consortium Report on Population Pharmacogenomics. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 22:575-588. [PMID: 30183544 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetic variation in Latin Americans is understudied, which sets a barrier for the goal of global precision medicine. The RIBEF-CEIBA Network Consortium was established to characterize interindividual and between population variations in CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 drug metabolizing enzyme genotypes, which were subsequently utilized to catalog their "predicted drug metabolism phenotypes" across Native American and Ibero American populations. Importantly, we report in this study, a total of 6060 healthy individuals from Ibero-America who were classified according to their self-reported ancestry: 1395 Native Americans, 2571 Admixed Latin Americans, 96 Afro-Latin Americans, 287 white Latin Americans (from Cuba), 1537 Iberians, and 174 Argentinean Ashkenazi Jews. Moreover, Native Americans were grouped into North-, Central-, and South Amerindians (from Mexico, Costa Rica, and Peru, respectively). All subjects were studied for the most common and functional CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 allelic variants, and grouped as genotype-predicted poor or ultrarapid metabolizer phenotypes (gPMs and gUMs, respectively). Native Americans showed differences from each ethnic group in at least two alleles of CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19. Native Americans had higher frequencies of wild-type alleles for all genes, and lower frequency of CYP2D6*41, CYP2C9*2, and CYP2C19*17 (p < 0.05). Native Americans also showed less CYP2C19 gUMs than the rest of the population sample. In addition, differences within Native Americans (mostly North vs. South) were also found. The interethnic differences described supports the need for population-specific personalized and precision medicine programs for Native Americans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study carried out in Native Americans and other Ibero-American populations analyzing CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms. Population pharmacogenomics is a nascent field of global health and warrants further research and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Eugenia G Naranjo
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,2 Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues-Soares
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,3 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil .,4 Faculdade Uninassau , Manaus, Brazil
| | - Eva M Peñas-Lledó
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,2 Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,3 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil .,5 PRISMA , Lima, Peru
| | - Humberto Fariñas
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,2 Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
| | - Idania Rodeiro
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,6 Instituto de Ciencias del Mar , La Habana, Cuba
| | - Enrique Terán
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,7 Universidad San Francisco de Quito , Quito, Ecuador
| | - Manuela Grazina
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,8 UC, CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Graciela E Moya
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,9 Universidad Católica de Argentina , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisol López-López
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,10 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana , Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alba P Sarmiento
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,11 Pontifica Universidad Javeriana , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis R Calzadilla
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,12 Centro Comunitario de SaludMental de la Habana Vieja, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ronald Ramírez-Roa
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,13 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua , León, Nicaragua
| | - Rocío Ortiz-López
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,14 Tecnológico de Monterrey , Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Francisco E Estévez-Carrizo
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,15 Universidad de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martha Sosa-Macías
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,16 Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Durango, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Barrantes
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,17 Universidad de Costa Rica , San José, Costa Rica
| | - Adrián LLerena
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,2 Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
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Henderson LM, Claw KG, Woodahl EL, Robinson RF, Boyer BB, Burke W, Thummel KE. P450 Pharmacogenetics in Indigenous North American Populations. J Pers Med 2018; 8:jpm8010009. [PMID: 29389890 PMCID: PMC5872083 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous North American populations, including American Indian and Alaska Native peoples in the United States, the First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples in Canada and Amerindians in Mexico, are historically under-represented in biomedical research, including genomic research on drug disposition and response. Without adequate representation in pharmacogenetic studies establishing genotype-phenotype relationships, Indigenous populations may not benefit fully from new innovations in precision medicine testing to tailor and improve the safety and efficacy of drug treatment, resulting in health care disparities. The purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate what is currently known about cytochrome P450 genetic variation in Indigenous populations in North America and to highlight the importance of including these groups in future pharmacogenetic studies for implementation of personalized drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Henderson
- Departments of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Katrina G Claw
- Departments of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Erica L Woodahl
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
| | - Renee F Robinson
- Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
- United States Public Health Service, Department of Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA.
| | - Bert B Boyer
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
| | - Wylie Burke
- Bioethics & Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Departments of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Fricke-Galindo I, Jung-Cook H, LLerena A, López-López M. Interethnic variability of pharmacogenetic biomarkers in Mexican healthy volunteers: a report from the RIBEF (Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics). Drug Metab Pers Ther 2017; 31:61-81. [PMID: 26812836 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2015-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mexico presents a complex population diversity integrated by Mexican indigenous (MI) (7% of Mexico's population) and Mexican mestizos (MMs). This composition highlights the importance of pharmacogenetic studies in Mexican populations. The aims of this study were to analyze the reported frequencies of the most relevant pharmacogenetic biomarkers and metabolic phenotypes in healthy volunteers from Mexican populations and to assess its interethnic variability across MI and MM populations. After a literature search in PubMed, and according to previously defined inclusion criteria, 63 pharmacogenetic studies performed in Mexican healthy volunteers up to date were selected. These reports comprised 56,292 healthy volunteers (71.58% MM). Allele frequencies in 31 pharmacogenetic biomarkers, from 121 searched, are described. Nine of these biomarkers presented variation within MM and MI groups. The frequencies of CYP2D6*3, *4, *5, *10, *17, *35 and *41 alleles in the MM group were different from those reported in the MI group. CYP2C9*2 and *3 alleles were more frequent in MM than in MI populations (χ2 test, p<0.05). CYP2C19*3 allele was not found in the MM or MI populations reported. For UGT1A1*28, only one study was found. HLA-A*31:01 and HLA-B*15:02 were present in some MM and MI populations. Poor metabolizers for CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 were more frequent in MM than in MI groups (χ2 test, p<0.05). Only 26% of the relevant pharmacogenetic biomarkers searched have been studied in Mexican healthy volunteers; therefore, further studies are warranted. The frequency variation of biomarkers in MM and MI populations could be important for the clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics in Mexico.
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Sosa-Macías M, Teran E, Waters W, Fors MM, Altamirano C, Jung-Cook H, Galaviz-Hernández C, López-López M, Remírez D, Moya GE, Hernández F, Fariñas H, Ramírez R, Céspedes-Garro C, Tarazona-Santos E, LLerena A. Pharmacogenetics and ethnicity: relevance for clinical implementation, clinical trials, pharmacovigilance and drug regulation in Latin America. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1741-1747. [PMID: 27790935 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congress of Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine. Ethnicity, clinical implementation and regulatory environment (MESTIFAR 2016 Quito) Quito, Ecuador, 19-21 May 2016. The Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics (RIBEF) was created in 2006 with the main aim of promoting personalized medicine and collaborative pharmacogenetics research in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries in America and the Iberian Peninsula. The final goal of this initiative was the inclusion of Latin American populations that may benefit from the implementation of personalized medicine in drug therapy. Several initiatives have been promoted including the MESTIFAR project, which aimed to analyze the ethnicity, genotype and/or metabolic phenotype in Ibero-American populations. To date, 6060 healthy volunteers have been analyzed; among them, 2571 were admixed, 1824 were Caucasians, 1395 were Native Americans, 174 were Jews and 96 were Afro-descendants. Due to the large genetic variability within Latin Americans, ethnicity may be a relevant factor for the clinical implementation of personalized medicine. Moreover, the present status of clinical implementation and the future perspectives of pharmacogenetics, pharmacovigilance and clinical trials for drug regulation in Latin America compared with the EMA-Pharmacogenomics Working Party and the US FDA initiatives were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sosa-Macías
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Instituto Politéctico Nacional-CIIDIR, Unidad Durango, Academia de Genómica, Durango, Mexico
| | - Enrique Teran
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - William Waters
- Comité de Ética en Seres Humanos, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Martha M Fors
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Catalina Altamirano
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Facultad de Medicina, Nicaragua
| | - Helgi Jung-Cook
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Carlos Galaviz-Hernández
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Instituto Politéctico Nacional-CIIDIR, Unidad Durango, Academia de Genómica, Durango, Mexico
| | - Marisol López-López
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, México
| | - Diadelis Remírez
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Centro para el Control Estatal de Medicamentos, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Graciela E Moya
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Hernández
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Humberto Fariñas
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,CICAB Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital & Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ronald Ramírez
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Facultad de Medicina, Nicaragua
| | - Carolina Céspedes-Garro
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Genetics Section, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adrián LLerena
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,CICAB Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital & Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
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10
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Naranjo MEG, de Andrés F, Delgado A, Cobaleda J, Peñas-Lledó EM, LLerena A. High frequency of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers in Spain: controversy about their misclassification in worldwide population studies. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 16:485-90. [PMID: 27272044 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A high frequency (7-10%) of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers estimated from the genotype (gUMs) has been claimed to exist among Spaniards and Southern Europeans. However, methodological aspects such as the inclusion of individuals carrying non-active multiplied alleles as gUMs may have led to an overestimation. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the gUM frequency (considering only those carrying more than two active genes) in 805 Spanish healthy volunteers studied for CYP2D6*2, *3, *4, *5, *6, *10, *17, *35, *41, and multiplications. Second, all worldwide studies reporting gUM frequencies were reviewed in order to evaluate potential misclassifications. The gUM frequency in this Spanish population was 5.34%, but increased to 8.3% if all individuals with CYP2D6 multiplications were classified as gUMs without considering the activity of the multiplied alleles. Moreover, among all reviewed worldwide studies only 55.6% precisely determined whether the multiplied alleles were active. Present results suggest that the evaluation of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolism should be standarized, and that the frequency of gUMs should be reconsidered in Spaniards and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E G Naranjo
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - F de Andrés
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - A Delgado
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - J Cobaleda
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain.,Primary Health Care Center 'Ciudad Jardín', Badajoz, Spain
| | - E M Peñas-Lledó
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - A LLerena
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Perez-Paramo YX, Hernandez-Cabrera F, Dorado P, Llerena A, Muñoz-Jimenez S, Ortiz-Lopez R, Rojas-Martinez A. Interethnic relationships of CYP2D6 variants in native and Mestizo populations sharing the same ecosystem. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:703-12. [PMID: 25941923 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the distribution of CYP2D6 variants in two ethnically-related Mexican Native and Mestizo populations cohabitating the same econiche and their relationships with a distant Mestizo community. MATERIALS & METHODS 314 volunteers were genotyped for CYP2D6 gene variants (*2, *3, *4, *6, *10, *13, *17, *35 and *41) using predesigned TaqMan probes. CYP2D6*5 and CYP2D6 wtxN were assessed by XL-PCR. RESULTS CYP2D6*1, *2, *4 and *10 variants represented above 80.9% of total alleles. Chiapanecan communities showed low allele diversity compared with the northeastern population. Principal component analyses demonstrated clustering of both Mestizo populations. Variants associated to ultrarapid and poor metabolism were rare in Natives. CONCLUSION Sharing of CYP2D6 alleles in both Chiapanecan populations suggests an ongoing gene-flow. Original submitted 8 December 2014; Revision submitted 13 February 2015.
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12
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Sosa-Macias M, Moya GE, LLerena A, Ramírez R, Terán E, Peñas-LLedó EM, Tarazona-Santos E, Galaviz-Hernández C, Céspedes-Garro C, Acosta H. Population pharmacogenetics of Ibero-Latinoamerican populations (MESTIFAR 2014). Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:673-6. [PMID: 25929854 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MESTIFAR 2014 28-30 November 2014, Panama City, Panama The CEIBA consortium was created within the Ibero-American network of Pharmacogenetics (RIBEF) to study population pharmacogenetics. The current status of these initiatives and results of the MESTIFAR project were analyzed in Panama, 28-30 November 2014. The MESTIFAR project focused on studying CYPs genetic polymorphisms in populations of different ethnic origin. So far, more than 6000 healthy volunteers have been evaluated, making this one of the largest population pharmacogenomic studies worldwide. Three symposia were organized, 'Pharmacogenetics of indigenous and mestizos populations and its clinical implications', 'Methodological innovation in pharmacogenetics and its application in health', and 'General discussion and concluding remarks', about mechanisms and proposals for training, diffusion of pharmacogenetics for Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking health professionals, and 'bench to bedside' pilot projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronald Ramírez
- 5UNAN-León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - Enrique Terán
- 6USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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