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González DA, Bianchi ML, Armada M, Escalante AC, Salgado PA, Seni S, Citera G, Ferrary T, Orman B. Hyposalivation and periodontal disease as oral non-articular characteristics in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:95-102. [PMID: 37507614 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association among rheumatoid arthritis (RA), saliva production, and periodontal status. METHODS An observational study was carried out on 103 subjects with RA and 103 without RA matched by sex and age. Rheumatologic evaluation included serological and clinical variables. A full mouth periodontal examination was performed according to the American Academy of Periodontology (1999). Resting and stimulated whole salivary flows were determined after spiting during 5 min. RESULTS RA was associated with a higher prevalence of severe periodontitis (12% vs. 4%), with a marked reduction in resting and stimulated saliva production, and with a higher prevalence of resting (19% vs. 0%) and also stimulated hyposalivation (54% vs. 10%), compared with the control group. The differences in mean resting and stimulated salivary flows between RA and control groups persisted after the exclusion of people with hyposalivation. Saliva production was not associated with the presence or the severity of periodontal disease, or with the rheumatic clinical characteristics of the patients. CONCLUSIONS More than 50% of people with RA have some degree of reduction in their salivary flows, an affection not associated with the periodontal status or rheumatic activity, which are the expression of the two related inflammatory diseases. The influence of autonomic dysfunction on hyposalivation can be considered. While periodontitis would be a disease-associated comorbidity of RA, poor saliva production should be included among the extra-articular manifestations. Key Points • Rheumatoid arthritis patients are more prone to suffer from periodontitis and/or hyposalivation. • Periodontal disease is more prevalent in people with rheumatoid arthritis and also an association was found between the severities of both pathologies. • More than 50% of people with RA would have some degree of reduction in their salivary flows, an affection not associated with the periodontal status or rheumatic activity. • Reduced saliva production in rheumatoid arthritis patients should be included among the extra-articular manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora A González
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Biofísica y Bioestadística, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L Bianchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Medicina Interna, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Armada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Medicina Interna, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angélica Castro Escalante
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Farmacología, M. T. de Alvear 2142 4to. Piso "B", 1122AAH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Salgado
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Seni
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Cirugía I, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Citera
- Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresita Ferrary
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Medicina Interna, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Betina Orman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Farmacología, M. T. de Alvear 2142 4to. Piso "B", 1122AAH, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Psychological stress: neuroimmune roles in periodontal disease. Odontology 2022:10.1007/s10266-022-00768-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shikayama T, Fujita-Yoshigaki J, Sago-Ito M, Nakamura-Kiyama M, Naniwa M, Hitomi S, Ujihara I, Kataoka S, Yada N, Ariyoshi W, Usui M, Nakashima K, Ono K. Hematogenous apoptotic mechanism in salivary glands in chronic periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104775. [PMID: 32512258 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to investigate the apoptotic mechanism in salivary glands in the rat experimental periodontitis model. DESIGN A rat periodontitis model was prepared by using a ligature around the second upper molar. In the salivary (parotid and submandibular) glands and blood samples, putative apoptotic factors and pathway molecules were investigated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Four weeks of ligation (chronic periodontitis) demonstrated significant apoptotic atrophy of the salivary gland, but one week of ligation (initial periodontitis) did not. In the blood plasma, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was increased in the periodontitis model, but interleukin-1β and -6 were not. TNF-α receptor type 1, which has an intracellular apoptotic pathway, was expressed in the salivary glands of rats. Western blot analysis of cultured rat primary salivary gland cells demonstrated that TNF-α induced cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner, indicating apoptosis induction. Additionally, we found increment of circulating lymphocytes in the model. Expression of mRNA and immunoreactive cells for the B lymphocyte marker CD19 were increased in the salivary gland in the model. Western blotting showed that coculture with extracted B cells from the periodontitis model increased cleaved PARP in salivary gland cells. CONCLUSIONS Chronic periodontitis status leads to an increase in circulating TNF-α and B lymphocyte infiltration, resulting in apoptotic atrophy of the salivary gland as a periodontitis-induced systemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shikayama
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - J Fujita-Yoshigaki
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
| | - M Sago-Ito
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - M Nakamura-Kiyama
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - M Naniwa
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan; Division of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - S Hitomi
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan.
| | - I Ujihara
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan.
| | - S Kataoka
- Division of Anatomy, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - N Yada
- Division of Oral Pathology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - W Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - M Usui
- Division of Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - K Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - K Ono
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan.
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Gunepin M, Derache F, Trousselard M, Salsou B, Risso JJ. Impact of chronic stress on periodontal health. JOURNAL OF ORAL MEDICINE AND ORAL SURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/mbcb/2017028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Periodontal diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that induce increases in of local and systemic proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in periodontal damage. The onset and evolution of periodontal diseases are influenced by many local and systemic risk factors. Educational objective: In this article, we aim to review the results of the research on the impact of chronic stress on the occurrence, development, and response to periodontal disease treatments and on the pathophysiological mechanisms of periodontal disease. Conclusion: Chronic stress has a negative impact on the occurrence, development, and response to the treatment of periodontal disease via indirect actions on the periodontium. This can result from behavioral changes caused by stress (poor dental hygiene, smoking, etc.) and a direct neuroimmunoendocrinological action related to the consequences (particularly immunological) of the secretion of certain chemicals (e.g., cortisol) induced by the activation of the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system in response to stress. These factors necessitate multidisciplinary management (e.g., physician, oral surgeon, and psychologist) of patients to identify subjects with chronic stress and to employ countermeasures to decrease the impact of stress on the periodontium.
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Catestatin, vasostatin, cortisol, and pain assessments in dogs suffering from traumatic bone fractures. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:129. [PMID: 28327184 PMCID: PMC5359833 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic bone fractures cause moderate to severe pain, which needs to be minimized for optimal recovery and animal welfare, illustrating the need for reliable objective pain biomarkers for use in a clinical setting. The objectives of this study were to investigate catestatin (CST) and vasostatin (VS) concentrations as two new potential biomarkers, and cortisol concentrations, scores of the short form of the Glasgow composite measure pain scale (CMPS-SF), and visual analog scale (VAS) in dogs suffering from traumatic bone fractures before and after morphine administration in comparison with healthy dogs. Methods Fourteen dogs with hind limb or pelvic fractures and thirty healthy dogs were included. Dogs with fractures were divided into four groups according to analgesia received before participation. Physical examination, CMPS-SF, pain and stress behavior VAS scores were recorded in all dogs. Saliva and blood were collected once in healthy dogs and in dogs with fractures before and 35–70 min after morphine administration. Blood samples were analyzed for CST, VS, and cortisol. Saliva volumes, however, were insufficient for analysis. Results Catestatin and cortisol concentrations, and CMPS-SF, and VAS scores differed significantly between dogs with fractures prior to morphine administration and healthy dogs. After morphine administration, dogs with fractures had significantly decreased CMPS-SF and VAS scores and, compared to healthy dogs, CST concentrations, CMPS-SF, and VAS scores still differed significantly. However, CST concentrations remained largely within the normal range. Absolute delta values for CST significantly correlated with delta values for CMPS-SF. Catestatin and cortisol did not differ significantly before and after morphine administration. Vasostatin concentrations did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions Catestatin and cortisol concentrations, CMPS-SF, and VAS scores differed significantly in the dogs with traumatic bone fractures compared to the healthy dogs. Morphine treatment partially relieved pain and stress according to the subjective but not according to the objective assessments performed. However, because of the large degree of overlap with normal values, our results suggest that plasma CST concentrations have a limited potential as a clinically useful biomarker for pain-induced stress.
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Impact of glycemic control on oral health status in type 2 diabetes individuals and its association with salivary and plasma levels of chromogranin A. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 62:10-9. [PMID: 26605682 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of glycemic control status in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals on clinical oral health indicators and to compare the concentrations of plasma and salivary chromogranin A (CHGA) among nondiabetic subjects and T2DM patients, exploring their associations. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, 32 patients with controlled T2DM, 31 with poorly controlled T2DM and 37 nondiabetic subjects underwent a clinical and periodontal examination. CHGA concentrations were determined in saliva and plasma with ELISA. RESULTS Poorly controlled T2DM group exhibited significantly higher mean buffering capacity, plaque index and bleeding on probing than other groups (P<0.05). No difference was found to DMFT (decayed, missed and filled teeth) index between groups. Sites with clinical attachment loss (CAL) of 4 and 5-6mm were significantly higher in both diabetic groups compared to control group (P<0.05). Poorly controlled T2DM group had significantly higher sites with CAL ≥ 7 mm than other groups (P=0.001). Significantly higher plasma and salivary CHGA levels were found in T2DM groups (P<0.05). In both diabetic groups, probing depths 5-6mm and CAL 5-6mm were associated with higher salivary CHGA concentration (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed that T2DM patients were more prone to periodontal tissue damage than to caries risk. The results also provide some evidence that the degree of attachment loss deteriorates significantly with poor glycemic control in T2DM (CAL ≥ 7 mm). Moreover, the results suggest that high concentrations of salivary CHGA are associated with worse periodontal parameters and T2DM, and this could be related to the pathogenesis of both diseases.
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Rabbi MF, Labis B, Metz-Boutigue MH, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Catestatin decreases macrophage function in two mouse models of experimental colitis. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 89:386-98. [PMID: 24637240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by an alteration of prohormone chromogranin A (CgA) production. The recent demonstration of an implication of CgA in collagenous colitis and immune regulation provides a potential link between CgA-derived peptides (catestatin, CTS) and gut inflammation. Colitis was induced by administration of dextran sulfate sodium or 2, 4 dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid to C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with human (h)CTS or its proximal or distal part was started one day before colitis induction and colonic inflammatory markers were determined. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in peritoneal isolated and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs); p-STAT3 level was studied. Serum levels of CgA and CTS were assessed in experimental colitis and in a separate study in IBD patients and healthy controls. We show that sera from IBD patients and that in experimental colitis conditions the colonic level of mouse (m)CgA and mCTS are significantly increased. Moreover, in vivo treatment with human (h)CTS reduces the disease onset and suppresses exacerbated inflammatory responses in preclinical settings of colitis associated with an increase of p-STAT3. In vitro, hCTS treatment decreases proinflammatory cytokine release by peritoneal macrophages and BMDMs and increases p-STAT3 levels. These results support the hypothesis that CTS is increased during colitis and that hCTS modulates intestinal inflammation via the macrophage population and through a STAT-3 dependent pathway in a murine model of colitis. Identification of the molecular mechanism underlying the protective role of this peptide may lead to a novel therapeutic option in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F Rabbi
- University of Manitoba, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benoit Labis
- University of Manitoba, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Metz-Boutigue
- Université de Strasbourg, Biomatériaux et Ingénierie tissulaire, INSERM U1121, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- University of Manitoba, IBD Clinical and Research Centre and Section of Gastroenterology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- University of Manitoba, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; University of Manitoba, IBD Clinical and Research Centre and Section of Gastroenterology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Nakamura-Kiyama M, Ono K, Masuda W, Hitomi S, Matsuo K, Usui M, Nakashima K, Yokota M, Inenaga K. Changes of salivary functions in experimental periodontitis model rats. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Sadaoka S, Yagami K, Maki S. Nicotine in cigarettes promotes chromogranin A production by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1029-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Reshma AP, Arunachalam R, Pillai JK, Kurra SB, Varkey VK, Prince MJ. Chromogranin A: Novel biomarker between periodontal disease and psychosocial stress. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17:214-8. [PMID: 23869129 PMCID: PMC3713754 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.113076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The psychosocial stress has long been regarded as a significant pre-disposing factor for periodontal disease. The association between the periodontal disease and the neuroendocrine hormones has been observed. Chromogranin A (CgA) is supposed to link the activity of the neuroendocrine system to local and systemic immune functions and to be related to periodontitis. AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the CgA levels in saliva and plasma in periodontal health and disease and to assess their potential relationship to periodontitis. SETTINGS AND DESIGNS In this case-control study, the association between periodontal disease and stress marker has been assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS SIXTY SUBJECTS WERE CHOSEN FOR THIS STUDY: With case group comprising of 30 subjects with chronic periodontitis and control group comprising of 30 healthy subjects. Salivary and plasma CgA levels were determined by ELISA technique. Clinical parameters included were plaque index, papillary bleeding index and clinical attachment loss and probing depth. Correlation analysis was calculated by independent sample t-test. RESULTS Significantly higher CgA levels were found in saliva and plasma of patients with chronic periodontitis compared with healthy individuals (P < 0.05). No significant difference were observed between salivary and plasma CgA levels. CONCLUSIONS The elevated level CgA in the plasma and saliva of subjects with stress induced chronic periodontitis has yielded insights into biological plausible association between the psychosocial stress and chronic periodontitis. Thus, our results suggest that CgA is a useful biomarker for evaluating at least in part the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Padmakumar Reshma
- Department of Periodontics, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajeev Arunachalam
- Department of Periodontics, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayakumar Kochu Pillai
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarath Babu Kurra
- Department of Pharmacology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vini K. Varkey
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohanraj J. Prince
- Department of Periodontics, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
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Haririan H, Bertl K, Laky M, Rausch WD, Böttcher M, Matejka M, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X. Salivary and serum chromogranin A and α-amylase in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontol 2012; 83:1314-21. [PMID: 22264209 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary stress-related biomarkers in connection with periodontal disease have not been extensively studied. In addition to cortisol as a well-known marker of stress loading, chromogranin A (CgA) and α-amylase (AA) are supposed to link the activity of the neuroendocrine system to local and systemic immune functions and to be related to periodontitis. This study aims to determine CgA and AA in saliva and serum in periodontal health and disease to assess their potential relationship to periodontitis. METHODS Patients with aggressive (AgP) (n = 24) and chronic periodontitis (CP) (n = 34) as well as healthy control (CO) (n = 30) individuals participated in this study. CgA and AA were determined in saliva and serum with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an adapted clinical amylase test; salivary cortisol was determined using mass spectrometry. Clinical parameters of periodontal disease were evaluated, and their possible correlations with stress-related biomarkers were assessed. RESULTS Significantly higher CgA levels were found in the saliva of patients with AgP compared with those in patients with CP and CO individuals (P <0.001). Salivary cortisol levels were higher in the AgP group compared with those in patients with CP (P <0.05). No differences in serum CgA levels and salivary and serum AA activities were found among all groups. A positive correlation was revealed between salivary AA activity or salivary CgA levels and the extent of periodontitis (P <0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest an association of CgA and cortisol levels as well as AA activity in saliva with periodontitis, especially a significant relationship of salivary CgA and cortisol to AgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hady Haririan
- Department of Periodontology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
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Akimoto T, Nakashima K, Matsumoto T, Muraoka K, Yokota M. Effect of occlusal interference on salivary stress markers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2329/perio.53.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Suzuki M, Tatsumi A, Otsuka T, Kikuchi K, Mizuta A, Makino K, Kimoto A, Fujiwara K, Abe T, Nakagomi T, Hayashi T, Saruhara T. Physical and psychological effects of 6-week tactile massage on elderly patients with severe dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2010; 25:680-6. [PMID: 21131675 PMCID: PMC10845700 DOI: 10.1177/1533317510386215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Tactile massage is a soft massage that improves physical relaxation and psychological well-being. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of a 6-week tactile massage on changes in physical and mental function, symptoms of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) among elderly patients with dementia. In addition, chromogranin A (CgA) levels as an index of stress examined the effects of tactile massage intervention. A tactile massage group consisting of elderly patients with dementia received tactile massage therapy a total of 30 times each for about 20 minutes between 16:00 and 17:00 hours. In the control group, the mean scores for ''intellectual'' and ''emotional function'' score decreased significantly after 6 weeks (P < .05); however, no change was observed in the tactile massage group. Both the ''aggressiveness'' score (P < .05) and CgA levels decreased significantly after 6 weeks in the tactile massage group. These results suggest that tactile massage reduces aggressiveness and stress level in patients with dementia.
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Abstract
Gut inflammation is characterized by mucosal recruitment of activated cells from both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In addition to immune cells, inflammation in the gut is associated with an alteration in enteric endocrine cells and various biologically active compounds produced by these cells. Although the change in enteric endocrine cells or their products is considered to be important in regulating gut physiology (motility and secretion), it is not clear whether the change plays any role in immune activation and in the regulation of gut inflammation. Due to the strategic location of enteric endocrine cells in gut mucosa, these gut hormones may play an important role in immune activation and promotion of inflammation in the gut. This review addresses the research on the interface between immune and endocrine systems in gastrointestinal (GI) pathophysiology, specifically in the context of two major products of enteric endocrine systems, namely serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) and chromogranins (Cgs), in relation to immune activation and generation of inflammation. The studies reviewed in this paper demonstrate that 5-HT activates the immune cells to produce proinflammatory mediators and by manipulating the 5-HT system it is possible to modulate gut inflammation. In the case of Cgs the scenario is more complex, as this hormone has been shown to play both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. It is also possible that interaction between 5-HT and Cgs may play a role in the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. In addition to enhancing our understanding of immunoendocrine interaction in the gut, the data generated from the these studies may have implications in understanding the role of gut hormone in the pathogenesis of both GI and non-GI inflammatory diseases which may lead ultimately to improved therapeutic strategies in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, ON, Canada.
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The antimicrobial peptides derived from chromogranin/secretogranin family, new actors of innate immunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 165:102-10. [PMID: 19932135 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranins/secretogranins are members of the granin family present in secretory vesicles of nervous, endocrine and immune cells. In chromaffin cells, activation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors induces the release, with catecholamines, of bioactive peptides resulting from a natural processing. During the past decade, our laboratory has characterized new antimicrobial chromogranin-derived peptides in the secretions of stimulated bovine chromaffin cells. They act at the micromolar range against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and are non-toxic for the mammalian cells. They are recovered in several biological fluids involved in defence mechanisms (human serum, neutrophil secretions and saliva). These new antimicrobial peptides demonstrate the major role of the adrenal medulla in innate immunity. In this review we focus on the antimicrobial peptides derived from human and bovine chromogranin A (CGA), chromogranin B (CGB) and secretogranin II (SGII) emphasizing their direct action against pathogens and their effects on immune cells.
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Nakamura H, Takishima T, Kometani T, Yokogoshi H. Psychological stress-reducing effect of chocolate enriched with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in humans: assessment of stress using heart rate variability and salivary chromogranin A. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60 Suppl 5:106-13. [PMID: 19462324 DOI: 10.1080/09637480802558508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied the psychological stress-reducing effect of chocolate enriched with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), on stress induced by an arithmetic task using changes of heart rate variability (HRV) and salivary chromogranin A (CgA). Subjects ingested 10 g chocolate enriched with 28 mg GABA (GABA chocolate); 15 min after the ingestion, subjects were assigned an arithmetic task for 15 min. After the task, an electrocardiogram was recorded and saliva samples were collected. HRV was determined from the electrocardiogram, and the activity of the autonomic nervous system was estimated through HRV. The CgA concentration of all saliva samples, an index for acute psychological stress, was measured. From HRV, those taking GABA chocolate made a quick recovery to the normal state from the stressful state. The CgA value after the task in those taking GABA chocolate did not increased in comparison with that before ingestion. From these results, GABA chocolate was considered to have a psychological stress-reducing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakamura
- Health Science Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co. Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan.
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