1
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Combining sclerostin neutralization with tissue engineering: An improved strategy for craniofacial bone repair. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:178-189. [PMID: 34875361 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds associated with different types of mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSC) are extensively studied for the development of novel therapies for large bone defects. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies have been recently introduced for the treatment of cancer-associated bone loss and other skeletal pathologies. In particular, antibodies against sclerostin, a key player in bone remodeling regulation, have demonstrated a real benefit for treating osteoporosis but their contribution to bone tissue-engineering remains uncharted. Here, we show that combining implantation of dense collagen hydrogels hosting wild-type (WT) murine dental pulp stem cells (mDPSC) with weekly systemic injections of a sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) leads to increased bone regeneration within critical size calvarial defects performed in WT mice. Furthermore, we show that bone formation is equivalent in calvarial defects in WT mice implanted with Sost knock-out (KO) mDPSC and in Sost KO mice, suggesting that the implantation of sclerostin-deficient MSC similarly promotes new bone formation than complete sclerostin deficiency. Altogether, our data demonstrate that an antibody-based therapy can potentialize tissue-engineering strategies for large craniofacial bone defects and urges the need to conduct research for antibody-enabled local inhibition of sclerostin. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The use of monoclonal antibodies is nowadays broadly spread for the treatment of several conditions including skeletal bone diseases. However, their use to potentialize tissue engineering constructs for bone repair remains unmet. Here, we demonstrate that the neutralization of sclerostin, through either a systemic inhibition by a monoclonal antibody or the implantation of sclerostin-deficient mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSC) directly within the defect, improves the outcome of a tissue engineering approach, combining dense collagen hydrogels and MSC derived from the dental pulp, for the treatment of large craniofacial bone defects.
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2
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Ramirez-GarciaLuna JL, Rangel-Berridi K, Olasubulumi OO, Rosenzweig DH, Henderson JE, Gawri R, Martineau PA. Enhanced Bone Remodeling After Fracture Priming. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:349-366. [PMID: 34668029 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is an active component of bone repair. Mast cells influence the recruitment of macrophages, osteoclasts and blood vessels into the repair tissue. We hypothesized that if mast cells and other immune cells are sensitized to recognize broken bone, they will mount an increased response to subsequent fractures that may be translated into enhanced healing. To test this, we created a bone defect on the left leg of anesthetized mice and 2 weeks later, a second one on the right leg. Bone repair in the right legs was then compared to control mice that underwent the creation of bilateral window bone defects at the same time. Mice were euthanized at 14 and 56 days. Mineralized tissue quantity and morphometric parameters were assessed using micro-CT and histology. The activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, vascular endothelial cells, mast cells, and macrophages was evaluated using histochemistry. Our main findings were (1) no significant differences in the amount of bone produced at 14- or 56 days post-operative between groups; (2) mice exposed to subsequent fractures showed significantly better bone morphometric parameters after 56 days post-operative; and (3) significant increases in the content of blood vessels, osteoclasts, and the number of macrophages in the subsequent fracture group. Our results provide strong evidence that a transient increase in the inflammatory state of a healing injury promotes faster bone remodelling and increased neo-angiogenesis. This phenomenon is also characterized by changes in mast cell and macrophage content that translate into more active recruitment of mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Ramirez-GarciaLuna
- Bone Engineering Labs, Injury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3605 Rue de la Montagne, Montreal, QC, H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Karla Rangel-Berridi
- Bone Engineering Labs, Injury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
- Biofabrication and Bioengineering Labs, Injury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3605 Rue de la Montagne, Montreal, QC, H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Ore-Oluwa Olasubulumi
- Bone Engineering Labs, Injury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Derek H Rosenzweig
- Biofabrication and Bioengineering Labs, Injury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3605 Rue de la Montagne, Montreal, QC, H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Janet E Henderson
- Bone Engineering Labs, Injury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3605 Rue de la Montagne, Montreal, QC, H3G 2M1, Canada
- Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3605 Rue de la Montagne, Montreal, QC, H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Rahul Gawri
- Regenerative Orthopaedics and Innovation Laboratory, Injury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3605 Rue de la Montagne, Montreal, QC, H3G 2M1, Canada.
| | - Paul A Martineau
- Bone Engineering Labs, Injury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
- Regenerative Orthopaedics and Innovation Laboratory, Injury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3605 Rue de la Montagne, Montreal, QC, H3G 2M1, Canada
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Vermue IJM, Begum R, Castilho M, Rookmaaker MB, Masereeuw R, Bouten CVC, Verhaar MC, Cheng C. Renal Biology Driven Macro- and Microscale Design Strategies for Creating an Artificial Proximal Tubule Using Fiber-Based Technologies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4679-4693. [PMID: 34490771 PMCID: PMC8512683 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chronic kidney disease
affects one in six people worldwide. Due
to the scarcity of donor kidneys and the complications associated
with hemodialysis (HD), a cell-based bioartificial kidney (BAK) device
is desired. One of the shortcomings of HD is the lack of active transport
of solutes that would normally be performed by membrane transporters
in kidney epithelial cells. Specifically, proximal tubule (PT) epithelial
cells play a major role in the active transport of metabolic waste
products. Therefore, a BAK containing an artificial PT to actively
transport solutes between the blood and the filtrate could provide
major therapeutic advances. Creating such an artificial PT requires
a biocompatible tubular structure which supports the adhesion and
function of PT-specific epithelial cells. Ideally, this scaffold should
structurally replicate the natural PT basement membrane which consists
mainly of collagen fibers. Fiber-based technologies such as electrospinning
are therefore especially promising for PT scaffold manufacturing.
This review discusses the use of electrospinning technologies to generate
an artificial PT scaffold for ex vivo/in
vivo cellularization. We offer a comparison of currently
available electrospinning technologies and outline the desired scaffold
properties required to serve as a PT scaffold. Discussed also are
the potential technologies that may converge in the future, enabling
the effective and biomimetic incorporation of synthetic PTs in to
BAK devices and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- IJsbrand M Vermue
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Runa Begum
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten B Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Kirkham AM, Bailey AJM, Tieu A, Maganti HB, Montroy J, Shorr R, Campbell TM, Fergusson DA, Lalu MM, Elmoazzen H, Allan DS. MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Preclinical Animal Models of Bone Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1054-1066. [PMID: 34313927 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are a promising treatment for bone injuries, although studies remain preclinical. A systematic review and meta-analysis can assess the efficacy of MSC-EVs and identify treatment aspects associated with enhanced bone repair. METHODS English language, preclinical, controlled, in vivo studies identified in our systematic search (up to May 8, 2020) examining the use of MSC-EVs in bone healing were included. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the SYRCLE tool. Aggregate Data Meta-Analysis was performed to determine the effect of MSC-EVs on Bone Volume/Total Volume (BV/TV) and New Bone Formation (NBF). RESULTS Thirteen studies were included. Twelve reported either BV/TV or NBF and were included in meta-analysis. ROB was unclear in all studies. Overall, MSC-EVs displayed benefit in terms of bone healing for both BV/TV (22.2% mean difference (MD); 95% CI: 15.8-28.5%, p < 0.001) and NBF (26.1% MD; 10.3-41.8%, p = 0.001) versus controls. Substantial heterogeneity, however, was observed between studies. MSC-EVs were reported to activate multiple signaling pathways including mTOR/AKT, AMPK and BMP2. Subgroup analysis indicated no significant difference in the improvement of BV/TV when using modified EVs isolated after gene transfection, preconditioning (p = 0.61), or using EVs in combination with a tissue scaffold and/or hydrogel versus other delivery methods (p = 0.20). CONCLUSION Use of MSC-EVs to promote healing of bone injury appears promising, however, heterogeneity between studies and the potential for reporting bias limits confidence in the extent of benefit. Reducing bias between studies and addressing aspects of potential reporting bias should augment confidence in future meta-analyses and propel the field towards clinical studies. Forest Plot analysis assessing the percentage change in bone volume (BV) / total volume (TV) in the presence (experimental) or absence (control) of MSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan M Kirkham
- Stem Cells, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Box 704, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Adrian J M Bailey
- Stem Cells, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Box 704, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Alvin Tieu
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Box 704, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Harinad B Maganti
- Stem Cells, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Box 704, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Joshua Montroy
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Box 704, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Risa Shorr
- Medical Information and Education Services, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - T Mark Campbell
- Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Elisabeth Bruyère Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dean A Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Box 704, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Manoj M Lalu
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Box 704, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - David S Allan
- Stem Cells, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Box 704, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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5
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Li G, Shen W, Tang X, Mo G, Yao L, Wang J. Combined use of calcium phosphate cement, mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma for bone regeneration in critical-size defect of the femoral condyle in mini-pigs. Regen Med 2021; 16:451-464. [PMID: 34030462 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the outcome of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and platelet-rich plasma in combination with calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffold to reconstruct femoral critical bone defects in mini-pigs. Materials & methods: Scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography evaluation and quantitative histological assessment were used. Results & conclusion: BMMSCs were attached to the CPC scaffold after 7 days of culture and decreased the residual CPC material in each group at 12 weeks compared with 6 weeks. The newly formed bone area was higher in the CPC+SC+P group than in the CPC group at each time point (all p < 0.05). The strategy of CPC combined with BMMSCs and platelet-rich plasma might be an effective method to repair bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Deqing People's Hospital, Deqing, Zhejiang 313200, PR China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Radiology, Deqing People's Hospital, Deqing, Zhejiang 313200, PR China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Orthopedic, Deqing People's Hospital, Deqing, Zhejiang 313200, PR China
| | - Guowei Mo
- Department of Orthopedic, Deqing People's Hospital, Deqing, Zhejiang 313200, PR China
| | - Liqin Yao
- Department of Orthopedic, Deqing People's Hospital, Deqing, Zhejiang 313200, PR China
| | - Jixing Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
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6
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Revealed Similar Bone Formation to Allograft in a Sheep Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6676609. [PMID: 33763484 PMCID: PMC7946458 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6676609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are key factors in bone regeneration. Further stimulation should establish an enhanced cell environment optimal for vessel evolvement and hereby being able to attract bone-forming cells. The aim of this study was to generate new bone by using MSCs and VEGF, being able to stimulate growth equal to allograft. Methods Eight Texel/Gotland sheep had four titanium implants in a size of 10 × 12 mm inserted into bilateral distal femurs, containing a 2 mm gap. In the gap, autologous 3 × 106 MSCs seeded on hydroxyapatite (HA) granules in combination with 10 ng, 100 ng, and 500 ng VEGF release/day were added. After 12 weeks, the implant-bone blocks were harvested, embedded, and sectioned for histomorphometric analysis. Bone formation and mechanical fixation were evaluated. Blood samples were collected for the determination of bone-related biomarkers and VEGF in serum at weeks 0, 1, 4, 8, and 12. Results The combination of 3 × 106 MSCs with 10 ng, 100 ng, and 500 ng VEGF release/day exhibited similar amount of bone formation within the gap as allograft (P > 0.05). Moreover, no difference in mechanical fixation was observed between the groups (P > 0.05). Serum biomarkers showed no significant difference compared to baseline (all P > 0.05). Conclusion MSCs and VEGF exhibit significant bone regeneration, and their bone properties equal to allograft, with no systemic increase in osteogenic markers or VEGF with no visible side effects. This study indicates a possible new approach into solving the problem of insufficient allograft, in larger bone defects.
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7
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Dreyer CH, Kjaergaard K, Ding M, Qin L. Vascular endothelial growth factor for in vivo bone formation: A systematic review. J Orthop Translat 2020; 24:46-57. [PMID: 32642428 PMCID: PMC7334443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve optimal bone formation one of the most influential parameters has been mentioned to be adequate blood supply. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is hereby of particular interest in bone regeneration, because of its primary ability to induce neovascularization and chemokine affection for endothelial cells (EC), and is considered to be the main regulator of vascular formation. However, the growth factor has yet to be implemented in a clinical setting in orthopaedic intervention surgery. We hypothesised that the development of VEGF in vivo for bone formation in the last decade had progressed towards clinical application since the latest systematic review from 2008. OBJECTIVE This systematic review recapped the last 13 years of in vivo bone regeneration using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). METHOD A total of 1374 articles were identified using the PubMed search string (vegf or "vascular endothelial growth factor") and (osteogen∗ or "bone formation" or "bone regeneration"). By 3 selection phases 24 published articles were included by the criteria of being in vivo, using only VEGF for bone formation, published after 2007 and written in English. Articles in vitro, written in different languages than English and older than 2007 was excluded. The most recent systematic review on this subject was published in 2008, with the latest included study from 01 to 11-2007. All included studies were classified based on animal, type of defect, scaffold, control group, type of VEGF, release rate, dosage of VEGF, time of evaluation and results. Each study was evaluated for risk of bias by modified CAMARADES quality assessment for the use in experimental animal studies. The score was calculated by peer review journal publication, use of control group, randomisation of groups, justified VEGF dosage, blinding of results, details on animal model, sample size calculation, comply with ethics and no conflict of interest. RESULTS No clinical trials or human application studies were obtained from our search. Experimentally, 11 articles using solely VEGF for bone formation had a group or a timepoint significantly better than the corresponding control group. 18 articles revealed no significant difference of VEGF compared to the control group and 1 article reported a significant decreased bone growth using VEGF compared to control. CONCLUSION Based on these results no clinical studies have yet been performed. However, indications in the best use of VEGF from experimental studies could be made towards that the optimal release is within the first three weeks, in defect models, with the best effect before eight weeks. Future designs should incorporate this with standardised and reproducible models for verification towards clinical practice. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE This systematic review aims to assess the existing literature to focus on methodologies and outcomes that can provide future knowledge regarding the solitary use of VEGF for bone regeneration in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris H. Dreyer
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Acute Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Kristian Kjaergaard
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ming Ding
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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Rasch A, Naujokat H, Wang F, Seekamp A, Fuchs S, Klüter T. Evaluation of bone allograft processing methods: Impact on decellularization efficacy, biocompatibility and mesenchymal stem cell functionality. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218404. [PMID: 31220118 PMCID: PMC6586299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In an ever-aging society the demand for bone-defect filling grafts continues to gain in importance. While autologous grafting still prevails as the gold standard, allografts and xenografts present viable alternatives with promising results. Physiochemical properties of a graft strongly depend on the processing method such as the decellularization protocol. In addition, the physiochemical characteristics are critical factors for a successful integration of the graft after the implantation and might influence mesenchymal stem cell function in therapeutic approaches combining grafts and autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Several decellularization methods have been proposed, however it still remains unclear which method results in favorable physiochemical properties or might be preferred in stem cell applications. In the first part of this study we compared two decellularization approaches resulting in chemically processed allografts (CPAs) or sonication-based processed allografts (SPAs). Each decellularization approach was compared for its decellularization efficacy and its influence on the grafts' surface texture and composition. In the second part of this study biocompatibility of grafts was assessed by testing the effect of extraction medium on MSC viability and comparing them to commercially available allografts and xenografts. Additionally, grafts' performance in terms of MSC functionality was assessed by reseeding with MSCs pre-differentiated in osteogenic medium and determining cell adhesion, proliferation, as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the degree of mineralization. In summary, results indicate a more effective decellularization for the SPA approach in comparison to the CPA approach. Even though SPA extracts induced a decrease in MSC viability, MSC performance after reseeding was comparable to commercially available grafts based on DNA quantification, alkaline phosphatase activity and quantification of mineralization. Commercial Tutoplast allografts showed overall the best effects on MSC functionality as indicated by extraction biocompatibility testing as well as by comparing proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rasch
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hendrik Naujokat
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fanlu Wang
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Seekamp
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Tim Klüter
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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9
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Collagen Peptide Upregulates Osteoblastogenesis from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells through MAPK- Runx2. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050446. [PMID: 31083501 PMCID: PMC6562845 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant extracellular fibrous protein that has been widely used for biomedical applications due to its excellent biochemical and biocompatibility features. It is believed that the smaller molecular weight collagen, i.e., collagen peptide (CP), has more potent activity than native collagen. However, the preparation of CP from fish bone collagen is a complex and time-consuming process. Additionally, the osteogenic effect of CP depends on its molecular weight and amino acid composition. Considering the above concept, the present work was undertaken to extract the CP directly from Mahi mahi fish (Coryphaena hippurus) bones and test its osteogenic potential using bone marrow mesenchymal stem (BMMS) cells. The hydrolyzed collagen contained triple alpha chains (110 kDa) and a peptide (~1 kDa) and the peptide was successfully separated from hydrolyzed collagen using molecular weight cut-off membrane. CP treatment was up-regulated BMMS cells proliferation and differentiation. Interestingly, CP accrued the mineral deposition in differentiated BMMS cells. Protein and mRNA expression revealed that the osteogenic biomarkers such as collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin levels were significantly increased by CP treatment in differentiated BMMS cells and also further elucidated the hypothesis that CP was upregulated osteogenesis through activating Runx2 via p38MAPK signaling pathway. The above results concluded that the CP from Mahi mahi bones with excellent osteogenic properties could be the suitable biomaterial for bone therapeutic application.
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10
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Castano D, Comeau-Gauthier M, Ramirez-GarciaLuna JL, Drager J, Harvey E, Merle G. Noninvasive Localized Cold Therapy: A New Mode of Bone Repair Enhancement. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:554-562. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castano
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Jose Luis Ramirez-GarciaLuna
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justin Drager
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Edward Harvey
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Geraldine Merle
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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11
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Elango J, Lee JW, Wang S, Henrotin Y, de Val JEMS, M Regenstein J, Lim SY, Bao B, Wu W. Evaluation of Differentiated Bone Cells Proliferation by Blue Shark Skin Collagen via Biochemical for Bone Tissue Engineering. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E350. [PMID: 30257422 PMCID: PMC6212988 DOI: 10.3390/md16100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen from a marine resource is believed to have more potential activity in bone tissue engineering and their bioactivity depends on biochemical and structural properties. Considering the above concept, pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) and acid soluble collagen (ASC) from blue shark (Prionace glauca) skin were extracted and its biochemical and osteogenic properties were investigated. The hydroxyproline content was higher in PSC than ASC and the purified collagens contained three distinct bands α₁, α2, and β dimer. The purity of collagen was confirmed by the RP-HPLC profile and the thermogravimetric data showed a two-step thermal degradation pattern. ASC had a sharp decline in viscosity at 20⁻30 °C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed the fibrillar network structure of collagens. Proliferation rates of the differentiated mouse bone marrow-mesenchymal stem (dMBMS) and differentiated osteoblastic (dMC3T3E1) cells were increased in collagen treated groups rather than the controls and the effect was dose-dependent, which was further supported by higher osteogenic protein and mRNA expression in collagen treated bone cells. Among two collagens, PSC had significantly increased dMBMS cell proliferation and this was materialized through increasing RUNX2 and collagen-I expression in bone cells. Accordingly, the collagens from blue shark skin with excellent biochemical and osteogenic properties could be a suitable biomaterial for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 606791, Korea.
| | - Shujun Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Yves Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | | | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA.
| | - Sun Young Lim
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 606791, Korea.
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China.
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12
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Ramirez‐Garcia‐Luna JL, Wong TH, Chan D, Al‐Saran Y, Awlia A, Abou‐Rjeili M, Ouellet S, Akoury E, Lemarié CA, Henderson JE, Martineau PA. Defective bone repair in diclofenac treated C57Bl6 mice with and without lipopolysaccharide induced systemic inflammation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3078-3087. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Ramirez‐Garcia‐Luna
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Experimental SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Timothy H. Wong
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Biotechnology Program, University of British ColumbiaVancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Daniel Chan
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Biotechnology Program, University of British ColumbiaVancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Yazeed Al‐Saran
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Experimental SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Ayman Awlia
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Experimental SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Mira Abou‐Rjeili
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Experimental MedicineFaculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Suzie Ouellet
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Elie Akoury
- Experimental SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Catherine A. Lemarié
- Experimental MedicineFaculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
- The Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Janet E. Henderson
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Experimental SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
| | - Paul A. Martineau
- Bone Engineering LabsInjury, Repair & Recovery Program, Research Institute‐McGill University Health CentreMontreal Québec Canada
- Experimental SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, McGill UniversityMontreal Québec Canada
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13
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Cross-talk between primary osteocytes and bone marrow macrophages for osteoclastogenesis upon collagen treatment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5318. [PMID: 29593232 PMCID: PMC5871752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of osteoclast formation from bone marrow macrophages (BMM) is regulated by paracrine signals of the neighbourhood bone cells particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), osteoblasts and osteocytes (OC). Besides paracrine cues, collagen and glycosaminoglycan are involved in controlling bone homeostasis. Towards this approach, different molecular weight collagens were reacted with MSC, OC and BMM to understand the bone homeostasis activity of collagen. The up-regulating effect of collagens on osteogenic cell growth was confirmed by the presence of mineralized nodules in the osteoblastogenic lineage cells and increased osteogenic stimulatory gene expression. The decreased BMM-derived TRAP+ osteoclasts number and osteoclastogenic regulatory gene expression of OC could demonstrate the exploitive osteoclastogenic activity of collagens. Osteoclastogenesis from BMM was triggered by paracrine cues of OC in some extend, but it was down-regulated by collagen. Overall, the effect of collagen on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis may depend on the molecular weight of collagens, and collagen suppresses osteoclastogenesis, at least in part by downregulating the secretion of cytokines in OC.
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14
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Moussa L, Usunier B, Demarquay C, Benderitter M, Tamarat R, Sémont A, Mathieu N. Bowel Radiation Injury: Complexity of the Pathophysiology and Promises of Cell and Tissue Engineering. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:1723-1746. [PMID: 27197023 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is effective to treat malignant pelvic cancers, but the toxicity to surrounding healthy tissue remains a substantial limitation. Early and late side effects not only limit the escalation of the radiation dose to the tumor but may also be life-threatening in some patients. Numerous preclinical studies determined specific mechanisms induced after irradiation in different compartments of the intestine. This review outlines the complexity of the pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of the epithelial barrier in the vascular network, and the inflammatory microenvironment, which together lead to chronic fibrosis. Despite the large number of pharmacological molecules available, the studies presented in this review provide encouraging proof of concept regarding the use of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy to treat radiation-induced intestinal damage. The therapeutic efficacy of MSCs has been demonstrated in animal models and in patients, but an enormous number of cells and multiple injections are needed due to their poor engraftment capacity. Moreover, it has been observed that although MSCs have pleiotropic effects, some intestinal compartments are less restored after a high dose of irradiation. Future research should seek to optimize the efficacy of the injected cells, particularly with regard to extending their life span in the irradiated tissue. Moreover, improving the host microenvironment, combining MSCs with other specific regenerative cells, or introducing new tissue engineering strategies could be tested as methods to treat the severe side effects of pelvic radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Moussa
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Benoît Usunier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Demarquay
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Radia Tamarat
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexandra Sémont
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Noëlle Mathieu
- Institut de Radioprotection et de SÛreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM/SRBE/LR2I, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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15
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Dreyer CH, Kjaergaard K, Ditzel N, Jørgensen NR, Overgaard S, Ding M. Optimizing combination of vascular endothelial growth factor and mesenchymal stem cells on ectopic bone formation in SCID mice. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:3326-3332. [PMID: 28879669 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insufficient blood supply may limit bone regeneration in bone defects. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes angiogenesis by increasing endothelial migration. This outcome, however, could depend on time of application. Sheep mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice were used in this study to evaluate optimal time points for VEGF stimulation to increase bone formation. METHODS Twenty-eight SCID (NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid /J) mice had hydroxyapatite granules seeded with 5 × 105 MSCs inserted subcutaneous. Pellets released VEGF on days 1-7, days 1-14, days 1-21, days 1-42, days 7-14, and days 21-42. After 8 weeks, the implant-bone-blocks were harvested, paraffin embedded, sectioned, and stained with both hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry for human vimentin (hVim) staining. Blood samples were collected for determination of bone-related biomarkers in serum. RESULTS The groups with 5 × 105 MSCs and VEGF stimulation on days 1-14 and days 1-21 showed more bone formation when compared to the control group of 5 × 105 MSCs alone (p < 0.01). Serum biomarkers had no significant values. The hVim staining confirmed the ovine origin of the observed ectopic bone formation. CONCLUSION Optimal bone formation of MSCs was reached when stimulating with VEGF during the first 14 or 21 days after surgery. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3326-3332, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris H Dreyer
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Kristian Kjaergaard
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25.1, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Niklas R Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Aging and Osteoporosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Ndr Ringvej 57-59, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark.,OPEN, Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital/Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Overgaard
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Ming Ding
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Sdr. Boulevard 29, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark
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16
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Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded into a collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold promote bone augmentation after implantation in the mouse. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7110. [PMID: 28769083 PMCID: PMC5541101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury or surgical excision of diseased bone tissue usually require the reconstruction of large bone defects unable to heal spontaneously, especially in older individuals. This is a big challenge requiring the development of biomaterials mimicking the bone structure and capable of inducing the right commitment of cells seeded within the scaffold. In particular, given their properties and large availability, the human adipose-derived stem cells are considered as the better candidate for autologous cell transplantation. In order to evaluate the regenerative potential of these cells along with an osteoinductive biomaterial, we have used collagen/hydroxyapatite scaffolds to test ectopic bone formation after subcutaneous implantation in mice. The process was analysed both in vivo, by Fluorescent Molecular Tomography (FMT), and ex vivo, to evaluate the formation of bone and vascular structures. The results have shown that the biomaterial could itself be able of promoting differentiation of host cells and bone formation, probably by means of its intrinsic chemical and structural properties, namely the microenvironment. However, when charged with human mesenchymal stem cells, the ectopic bone formation within the scaffold was increased. We believe that these results represent an important advancement in the field of bone physiology, as well as in regenerative medicine.
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17
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Ramirez-GarciaLuna JL, Chan D, Samberg R, Abou-Rjeili M, Wong TH, Li A, Feyerabend TB, Rodewald HR, Henderson JE, Martineau PA. Defective bone repair in mast cell-deficient Cpa3Cre/+ mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174396. [PMID: 28350850 PMCID: PMC5369761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult skeleton, cells of the immune system interact with those of the skeleton during all phases of bone repair to influence the outcome. Mast cells are immune cells best known for their pathologic role in allergy, and may be involved in chronic inflammatory and fibrotic disorders. Potential roles for mast cells in tissue homeostasis, vascularization and repair remain enigmatic. Previous studies in combined mast cell- and Kit-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice (KitW-sh) implicated mast cells in bone repair but KitW-sh mice suffer from additional Kit-dependent hematopoietic and non- hematopoietic deficiencies that could have confounded the outcome. The goal of the current study was to compare bone repair in normal wild type (WT) and Cpa3Cre/+ mice, which lack mast cells in the absence of any other hematopoietic or non- hematopoietic deficiencies. Repair of a femoral window defect was characterized using micro CT imaging and histological analyses from the early inflammatory phase, through soft and hard callus formation, and finally the remodeling phase. The data indicate 1) mast cells appear in healing bone of WT mice but not Cpa3Cre/+ mice, beginning 14 days after surgery; 2) re-vascularization of repair tissue and deposition of mineralized bone was delayed and dis-organised in Cpa3Cre/+ mice compared with WT mice; 3) the defects in Cpa3Cre/+ mice were associated with little change in anabolic activity and biphasic alterations in osteoclast and macrophage activity. The outcome at 56 days postoperative was complete bridging of the defect in most WT mice and fibrous mal-union in most Cpa3Cre/+ mice. The results indicate that mast cells promote bone healing, possibly by recruiting vascular endothelial cells during the inflammatory phase and coordinating anabolic and catabolic activity during tissue remodeling. Taken together the data indicate that mast cells have a positive impact on bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Ramirez-GarciaLuna
- Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre. Montreal General Hospital C10.160, Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, Canada
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University. Rue de la Montaigne, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Chan
- Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre. Montreal General Hospital C10.160, Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, Canada
- Biotechnology Program, University of British Columbia, West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Samberg
- Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre. Montreal General Hospital C10.160, Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mira Abou-Rjeili
- Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre. Montreal General Hospital C10.160, Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University. Rue de la Montaigne, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Timothy H. Wong
- Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre. Montreal General Hospital C10.160, Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, Canada
- Biotechnology Program, University of British Columbia, West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ailian Li
- Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre. Montreal General Hospital C10.160, Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janet E. Henderson
- Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre. Montreal General Hospital C10.160, Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, Canada
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University. Rue de la Montaigne, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University. Rue de la Montaigne, Montreal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul A. Martineau
- Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre. Montreal General Hospital C10.160, Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, Canada
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University. Rue de la Montaigne, Montreal, QC, Canada
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18
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Behrends DA, Hui D, Gao C, Awlia A, Al-Saran Y, Li A, Henderson JE, Martineau PA. Defective Bone Repair in C57Bl6 Mice With Acute Systemic Inflammation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2017; 475:906-916. [PMID: 27844403 PMCID: PMC5289198 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-016-5159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone repair is initiated with a local inflammatory response to injury. The presence of systemic inflammation impairs bone healing and often leads to malunion, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Our research objective was to use a mouse model of cortical bone repair to determine the effect of systemic inflammation on cells in the bone healing microenvironment. QUESTION/PURPOSES: (1) Does systemic inflammation, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration affect the quantity and quality of regenerating bone in primary bone healing? (2) Does systemic inflammation alter vascularization and the number or activity of inflammatory cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in the bone healing microenvironment? METHODS Cortical defects were drilled in the femoral diaphysis of female and male C57BL/6 mice aged 5 to 9 months that were treated with daily systemic injections of LPS or physiologic saline as control for 7 days. Mice were euthanized at 1 week (Control, n = 7; LPS, n = 8), 2 weeks (Control, n = 7; LPS, n = 8), and 6 weeks (Control, n = 9; LPS, n = 8) after surgery. The quantity (bone volume per tissue volume [BV/TV]) and microarchitecture (trabecular separation and thickness, porosity) of bone in the defect were quantified with time using microCT. The presence or activity of vascular endothelial cells (CD34), macrophages (F4/80), osteoblasts (alkaline phosphatase [ALP]), and osteoclasts (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP]) were evaluated using histochemical analyses. RESULTS Only one of eight defects was bridged completely 6 weeks after surgery in LPS-injected mouse bones compared with seven of nine defects in the control mouse bones (odds ratio [OR], 0.04; 95% CI, 0.003-0.560; p = 0.007). The decrease in cortical bone in LPS-treated mice was reflected in reduced BV/TV (21% ± 4% vs 39% ± 10%; p < 0.01), increased trabecular separation (240 ± 36 μm vs 171 ± 29 μm; p < 0.01), decreased trabecular thickness (81 ± 18 μm vs 110 ± 22 μm; p = 0.02), and porosity (79% ± 4% vs 60% ± 10%; p < 0.01) at 6 weeks postoperative. Defective healing was accompanied by decreased CD34 (1.1 ± 0.6 vs 3.4 ± 0.9; p < 0.01), ALP (1.9 ± 0.9 vs 6.1 ± 3.2; p = 0.03), and TRAP (3.3 ± 4.7 vs 7.2 ± 4.0; p = 0.01) activity, and increased F4/80 (13 ± 2.6 vs 6.8 ± 1.7; p < 0.01) activity at 2 weeks postoperative. CONCLUSION The results indicate that LPS-induced systemic inflammation reduced the amount and impaired the quality of bone regenerated in mouse femurs. The effects were associated with impaired revascularization, decreased bone turnover by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and by increased catabolic activity by macrophages. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results from this preclinical study support clinical observations of impaired primary bone healing in patients with systemic inflammation. Based on our data, local administration of VEGF in the callus to stimulate revascularization, or transplantation of stem cells to enhance bone turnover represent potentially feasible approaches to improve outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Behrends
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - D. Hui
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000000122889830Microbiology & Immunology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - C. Gao
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - A. Awlia
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Y. Al-Saran
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - A. Li
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - J. E. Henderson
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.416099.3000000012218112XBone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Surgical Research, C10.148.6, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC H3G 1A4 Canada
| | - P. A. Martineau
- grid.63984.300000000090644811Bone Engineering Laboratories, Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000000419368649Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
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19
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García JR, García AJ. Biomaterial-mediated strategies targeting vascularization for bone repair. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:77-95. [PMID: 26014967 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Repair of non-healing bone defects through tissue engineering strategies remains a challenging feat in the clinic due to the aversive microenvironment surrounding the injured tissue. The vascular damage that occurs following a bone injury causes extreme ischemia and a loss of circulating cells that contribute to regeneration. Tissue-engineered constructs aimed at regenerating the injured bone suffer from complications based on the slow progression of endogenous vascular repair and often fail at bridging the bone defect. To that end, various strategies have been explored to increase blood vessel regeneration within defects to facilitate both tissue-engineered and natural repair processes. Developments that induce robust vascularization will need to consolidate various parameters including optimization of embedded therapeutics, scaffold characteristics, and successful integration between the construct and the biological tissue. This review provides an overview of current strategies as well as new developments in engineering biomaterials to induce reparation of a functional vascular supply in the context of bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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20
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Accelerated craniofacial bone regeneration through dense collagen gel scaffolds seeded with dental pulp stem cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38814. [PMID: 27934940 PMCID: PMC5146967 DOI: 10.1038/srep38814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) seeded scaffolds may be applicable to various fields of regenerative medicine, including craniomaxillofacial surgery. Plastic compression of collagen scaffolds seeded with MSC has been shown to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of MSC as it increases the collagen fibrillary density. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the osteogenic effects of dense collagen gel scaffolds seeded with mesenchymal dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) on bone regeneration in a rat critical-size calvarial defect model. Two symmetrical full-thickness defects were created (5 mm diameter) and filled with either a rat DPSC-containing dense collagen gel scaffold (n = 15), or an acellular scaffold (n = 15). Animals were imaged in vivo by microcomputer tomography (Micro-CT) once a week during 5 weeks, whereas some animals were sacrificed each week for histology and histomorphometry analysis. Bone mineral density and bone micro-architectural parameters were significantly increased when DPSC-seeded scaffolds were used. Histological and histomorphometrical data also revealed significant increases in fibrous connective and mineralized tissue volume when DPSC-seeded scaffolds were used, associated with expression of type I collagen, osteoblast-associated alkaline phosphatase and osteoclastic-related tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Results demonstrate the potential of DPSC-loaded-dense collagen gel scaffolds to benefit of bone healing process.
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21
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Calabrese G, Giuffrida R, Forte S, Salvatorelli L, Fabbi C, Figallo E, Gulisano M, Parenti R, Magro G, Colarossi C, Memeo L, Gulino R. Bone augmentation after ectopic implantation of a cell-free collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold in the mouse. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36399. [PMID: 27821853 PMCID: PMC5099581 DOI: 10.1038/srep36399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone grafting is the classical way to treat large bone defects. Among the available techniques, autologous bone grafting is still the most used but, however, it can cause complications such as infection and donor site morbidity. Alternative and innovative methods rely on the development of biomaterials mimicking the structure and properties of natural bone. In this study, we characterized a cell-free scaffold, which was subcutaneously implanted in mice and then analyzed both in vivo and ex vivo after 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks, respectively. Two types of biomaterials, made of either collagen alone or collagen plus magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite have been used. The results indicate that bone augmentation and angiogenesis could spontaneously occur into the biomaterial, probably by the recruitment of host cells, and that the composition of the scaffolds is crucial. In particular, the biomaterial more closely mimicking the native bone drives the process of bone augmentation more efficiently. Gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry demonstrate the expression of typical markers of osteogenesis by the host cells populating the scaffold. Our data suggest that this biomaterial could represent a promising tool for the reconstruction of large bone defects, without using exogenous living cells or growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Calabrese
- IOM Ricerca, Viagrande, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucia Salvatorelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, “Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele”, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, “Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele”, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- IOM Ricerca, Viagrande, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Rosario Gulino
- IOM Ricerca, Viagrande, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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22
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Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Its Analogues: Significance for MSCs-Mediated Angiogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8737589. [PMID: 27774107 PMCID: PMC5059609 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8737589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for regenerative medicine because of their multipotency, immune-privilege, and paracrine properties including the potential to promote angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the inherent properties of cytoprotection and tissue repair by native MSCs can be enhanced by various preconditioning stimuli implemented prior to cell transplantation. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), a stimulator in extrahypothalamus systems including tumors, has attracted great attentions in recent years because GHRH and its agonists could promote angiogenesis in various tissues. GHRH and its agonists are proangiogenic in responsive tissues including tumors, and GHRH antagonists have been tested as antitumor agents through their ability to suppress angiogenesis and cell growth. GHRH-R is expressed by MSCs and evolving work from our laboratory indicates that treatment of MSCs with GHRH agonists prior to cell transplantation markedly enhanced the angiogenic potential and tissue reparative properties of MSCs through a STAT3 signaling pathway. In this review we summarized the possible effects of GHRH analogues on cell growth and development, as well as on the proangiogenic properties of MSCs. We also discussed the relationship between GHRH analogues and MSC-mediated angiogenesis. The analyses provide new insights into molecular pathways of MSCs-based therapies and their augmentation by GHRH analogues.
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23
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E. Klontzas M, I. Kenanidis E, J. MacFarlane R, Michail T, E. Potoupnis M, Heliotis M, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E. Investigational drugs for fracture healing: preclinical & clinical data. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:585-96. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1161757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Wei X, Zhao D, Wang B, Wang W, Kang K, Xie H, Liu B, Zhang X, Zhang J, Yang Z. Tantalum coating of porous carbon scaffold supplemented with autologous bone marrow stromal stem cells for bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:592-602. [PMID: 26843518 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216629578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous tantalum metal with low elastic modulus is similar to cancellous bone. Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) can provide three-dimensional pore structure and serves as the ideal scaffold of tantalum coating. In this study, the biocompatibility of domestic porous tantalum was first successfully tested with bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro and for bone tissue repair in vivo. We evaluated cytotoxicity of RVC scaffold and tantalum coating using BMSCs. The morphology, adhesion, and proliferation of BMSCs were observed via laser scanning confocal microscope and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, porous tantalum rods with or without autologous BMSCs were implanted on hind legs in dogs, respectively. The osteogenic potential was observed by hard tissue slice examination. At three weeks and six weeks following implantation, new osteoblasts and new bone were observed at the tantalum-host bone interface and pores. At 12 weeks postporous tantalum with autologous BMSCs implantation, regenerated trabecular equivalent to mature bone was found in the pore of tantalum rods. Our results suggested that domestic porous tantalum had excellent biocompatibility and could promote new bone formation in vivo. Meanwhile, the osteogenesis of porous tantalum associated with autologous BMSCs was more excellent than only tantalum implantation. Future clinical studies are warranted to verify the clinical efficacy of combined implantation of this domestic porous tantalum associated with autologous BMSCs implantation and compare their efficacy with conventional autologous bone grafting carrying blood vessel in patients needing bone repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Benjie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Baoyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenming Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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25
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Characterization of a Pre-Clinical Mini-Pig Model of Scaphoid Non-Union. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:407-21. [PMID: 26086923 PMCID: PMC4493521 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A fractured scaphoid is a common disabling injury that is frequently complicated by non-union. The treatment of non-union remains challenging because of the scaphoid's small size and delicate blood supply. Large animal models are the most reliable method to evaluate the efficacy of new treatment modalities before their translation into clinical practice. The goal of this study was to model a human scaphoid fracture complicated by non-union in Yucatan mini-pigs. Imaging and perfusion studies were used to confirm that the anatomy and blood supply of the radiocarpal bone in mini-pigs were similar to the human scaphoid. A 3 mm osteotomy of the radiocarpal bone was generated and treated with immediate fixation or filled with a dense collagen gel followed by delayed fixation. Bone healing was assessed using quantitative micro computed tomography and histology. With immediate fixation, the osteotomy site was filled with new bone across its whole length resulting in complete bridging. The dense collagen gel, previously shown to impede neo-vascularization, followed by delayed fixation resulted in impaired bridging with less bone of lower quality. This model is an appropriate, easily reproducible model for the evaluation of novel approaches for the repair of human scaphoid fractures.
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26
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Current Perspectives in Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapies for Airway Tissue Defects. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:746392. [PMID: 26167186 PMCID: PMC4475757 DOI: 10.1155/2015/746392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and respiratory diseases are the third cause of death in industrialized countries; for this reason the airways and cardiopulmonary system have been the focus of extensive investigation, in particular of the new emerging branch of regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a population of undifferentiated multipotent adult cells that naturally reside within the human body, which can differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages when cultured in specific inducing media. MSCs have the ability to migrate and engraft at sites of inflammation and injury in response to cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors at a wound site and they can exert local reparative effects through transdifferentiation and differentiation into specific cell types or via the paracrine secretion of soluble factors with anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activities. Experimental and clinical evidence exists regarding MSCs efficacy in airway defects restoration; although clinical MSCs use, in the daily practice, is not yet completely reached for airway diseases, we can argue that MSCs do not represent any more merely an experimental approach to airway tissue defects restoration but they can be considered as a “salvage” therapeutic tool in very selected patients and diseases.
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27
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Wang X, Li Y, Han R, He C, Wang G, Wang J, Zheng J, Pei M, Wei L. Demineralized bone matrix combined bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor-β3 gene promoted pig cartilage defect repair. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116061. [PMID: 25545777 PMCID: PMC4278773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether a combination of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) infected with adenovirus-mediated- bone morphogenetic protein (Ad-BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-β3 (Ad-TGF-β3) promotes the repair of the full-thickness cartilage lesions in pig model. Methods BMSCs isolated from pig were cultured and infected with Ad-BMP-2(B group), Ad-TGF-β3 (T group), Ad-BMP-2 + Ad-TGF-β3(BT group), cells infected with empty Ad served as a negative group(N group), the expression of the BMP-2 and TGF-β3 were confirmed by immunofluorescence, PCR, and ELISA, the expression of SOX-9, type II collagen(COL-2A), aggrecan (ACAN) in each group were evaluated by real-time PCR at 1w, 2w, 3w, respectively. The chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs was evaluated by type II collagen at 21d with immunohistochemical staining. The third-passage BMSCs infected with Ad-BMP-2 and Ad-TGF-β3 were suspended and cultured with DBM for 6 days to construct a new type of tissue engineering scaffold to repair full-thickness cartilage lesions in the femur condyles of pig knee, the regenerated tissue was evaluated at 1,2 and 3 months after surgery by gross appearance, H&E, safranin O staining and O'driscoll score. Results Ad-BMP-2 and Ad-TGF-β3 (BT group) infected cells acquired strong type II collagen staining compared with Ad-BMP-2 (B group) and Ad-TGF-β3 (T group) along. The Ad-BMP-2 and Ad-TGF-β3 infected BMSCs adhered and propagated well in DBM and the new type of tissue engineering scaffold produced hyaline cartilage morphology containing a stronger type II collagen and safranin O staining, the O'driscoll score was higher than other groups. Conclusions The DBM compound with Ad-BMP-2 and Ad-TGF-β3 infected BMSCs scaffold has a good biocompatibility and could well induce cartilage regeneration to repair the defects of joint cartilage. This technology may be efficiently employed for cartilage lesions repair in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Diabetology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiali Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, United States of America
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28
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Schwartz-Arad D, Ofec R, Eliyahu G, Ruban A, Sterer N. Long Term Follow-Up of Dental Implants Placed in Autologous Onlay Bone Graft. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2014; 18:449-61. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devorah Schwartz-Arad
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Advanced Implantology, Periodontology & Endodontology; Schwartz-Arad Day-Care Surgical Center; Ramat Hasharon Israel
| | - Ronen Ofec
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Galit Eliyahu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Schwartz-Arad Day-Care Surgical Center; Ramat Hasharon Israel
| | - Angela Ruban
- Clinical Research Units; Schwartz-Arad Day-Care Surgical Center; Ramat Hasharon Israel
| | - Nir Sterer
- Clinical Research Units; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Schwartz-Arad Day-Care Surgical Center; Ramat Hasharon Israel
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29
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Bone marrow derived stem cells in joint and bone diseases: a concise review. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 38:1787-801. [PMID: 25005462 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have huge applications in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Their use is currently not restricted to the life-threatening diseases but also extended to disorders involving the structural tissues, which may not jeopardize the patients' life, but certainly influence their quality of life. In fact, a particularly popular line of research is represented by the regeneration of bone and cartilage tissues to treat various orthopaedic disorders. Most of these pioneering research lines that aim to create new treatments for diseases that currently have limited therapies are still in the bench of the researchers. However, in recent years, several clinical trials have been started with satisfactory and encouraging results. This article aims to review the concept of stem cells and their characterization in terms of site of residence, differentiation potential and therapeutic prospective. In fact, while only the bone marrow was initially considered as a "reservoir" of this cell population, later, adipose tissue and muscle tissue have provided a considerable amount of cells available for multiple differentiation. In reality, recently, the so-called "stem cell niche" was identified as the perivascular space, recognizing these cells as almost ubiquitous. In the field of bone and joint diseases, their potential to differentiate into multiple cell lines makes their application ideally immediate through three main modalities: (1) cells selected by withdrawal from bone marrow, subsequent culture in the laboratory, and ultimately transplant at the site of injury; (2) bone marrow aspirate, concentrated and directly implanted into the injury site; (3) systemic mobilization of stem cells and other bone marrow precursors by the use of growth factors. The use of this cell population in joint and bone disease will be addressed and discussed, analysing both the clinical outcomes but also the basic research background, which has justified their use for the treatment of bone, cartilage and meniscus tissues.
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30
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is a vital component of bone healing. The formation of the new blood vessels at the fracture site restores the hypoxia and nutrient deprivation found at the early stages after fracture whilst at a later stage facilitates osteogenesis by the activity of the osteoprogenitor cells. Emerging evidence suggests that there are certain molecules and gene therapies that could promote new blood vessel formation and as a consequence enhance the local bone healing response. This article summarizes the current in vivo evidence on therapeutic approaches aiming at the augmentation of the angiogenic signalling during bone repair.
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