Head and neck cancer in Cali, Colombia: Population-based study

INTRODUCTION

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common type of cancer in the world. In Latin America, data on HCN are limited by the scarcity of population-based cancer registries.

OBJECTIVE

To describe survival and changes in the time trends of incidence and mortality rates of HCN with data from the Cali Cancer Population Registry (Colombia) during 1962-2018.

METHOD

Males and females of any age residing in Cali were included. The trends in incidence rates (1962-2016) and mortality (1984-2018) were analysed by calculating the mean annual percentage change (APC). Five-year net survival was estimated for the four 5-year periods of 1996-2015 using the Pohar-Perme method.

RESULTS

During 1962-2015, 5,110 new cases of HNC were recorded: 1,506 in the larynx, 1,377 in the oral cavity, 487 in the nose and paranasal sinuses, 643 in the oropharynx, 603 in the salivary glands and 360 in Naso-Hypopharynx region. The incidence rates of HNC decreased significantly at all subsites, except in those associated with the human papillomavirus. Between 1984 and 2018, there were 1,941 deaths attributed to HNC, and the mortality rate decreased significantly. The 5-year age-standardized net survival was 43.2% in 1996-2000, remained stable during the following decade, and for 2011-2015 it was 50.9%.

CONCLUSION

The incidence and mortality of HNC in Cali decreased significantly during the study period in both sexes.

Prevention of cervical cancer development through early detection of HPV using novelty molecular applications

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the predominant cause of cervical cancer worldwide. The infections with HPVs 16 and 18 have a high oncogenic risk for cancer development. Besides, the genes E6 and E7 encode viral oncoproteins associated with infection. New molecular techniques for HPV detection, show important advantages such as high sensitivity, recognition capacity, reliability, among others. These techniques allow the standardization of new protocols associated with the detection in a variety of substances and samples. The stretch relationship between the virus and the disease open a new field to study early detection of the HPV infection. Additionally, less concentration of the sample is needed. Considering the significance of the detection, the present paper explains five novelty molecular applications for the prevention cervical cancer and early detection of HPV such as RNA in situ Hybridization for the detection of HPV E6/E7, genosensors, electrochemical DNA biosensor, PCR-based urine assay and a semen assay for detection of HPV. All the methods related to DNA samples could be used for both genders, there are more acceptable and easy to collect.