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Kugalingam N, De Silva D, Abeysekera H, Nanayakkara S, Tirimanne S, Ranaweera D, Suravajhala P, Chandrasekharan V. RB1 screening of retinoblastoma patients in Sri Lanka using targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) and gene ratio analysis copy enumeration PCR (GRACE-PCR). BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:279. [PMID: 37932687 PMCID: PMC10626775 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) a tumour affecting those under 5 years, has a prevalence of 1 in 20,000, with around twenty new diagnoses per year in Sri Lanka. Unilateral and bilateral RB presents around 24 and 15 months respectively. Approximately 10% are familial. Systematic genetic testing for germline pathogenic variants of RB1, the only gene associated with an inherited risk of RB, is unavailable in Sri Lanka. Genetic testing optimizes management of affected children and at-risk siblings. This study aimed to develop accessible genetic testing to identify children with a germline pathogenic variant of RB1 in Sri Lanka. METHODS Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) for detecting pathogenic sequence variants and Gene Ratio Analysis Copy Enumeration PCR (GRACE-PCR) for detecting RB1 copy number variations (CNVs) were performed for 49 consecutive RB patients treated between 2016 and 2020 at the designated RB care unit, Lady Ridgway hospital, Colombo. Patients (bilateral RB (n = 18; 37%), unilateral n = 31) were recruited following ethical clearance and informed consent. RESULTS There were 26 (53%) females. Mean age at diagnosis was 18 months. Thirty-five patients (71%) had undergone enucleation. Germline pathogenic variants of RB1 identified in 22/49 (45%) patients including 18 (37%; 12 bilateral and 6 unilateral) detected by targeted NGS (2 missense, 7 stop gained, 1 splice donor, 8 frameshift variants). Six were previously undescribed, likely pathogenic frameshift variants. Four bilateral RB patients had GRACE-PCR detected CNVs including one whole RB1, two intragenic deletions (exon 12/13; exon 11 and 23) and a partial duplication of exon 27. The only familial case (affected mother and child) shared the duplication. Only 2 of 4 CNVs and 10 of 18 pathogenic variants were confirmed by whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing respectively, due to funding limitations. CONCLUSIONS The study identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline RB1 sequence variants and copy number variants in 16/18 (89%) bilateral and 6/31(19%) unilateral cases, which is comparable to worldwide data (10-15% unilateral, 80-85% bilateral). Targeted NGS combined with GRACE-PCR significantly reduce the cost of RB1 testing in Sri Lanka, and may widen access for genetic diagnosis of RB patients in other low and middle income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosha Kugalingam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Deepthi De Silva
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Shamala Tirimanne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dinali Ranaweera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Kletke SN, Soliman S, Racher H, Mallipatna A, Shaikh F, Mireskandari K, Gallie BL. A typical anterior retinoblastoma: diagnosis by aqueous humor cell-free DNA analysis. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:862-865. [PMID: 36326029 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2141800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aqueous humor from eyes with active retinoblastoma contains tumor-derived cell-free DNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single retrospective case report. RESULTS A 13-year-old girl with acute right eye pain and redness was diagnosed with hypertensive anterior uveitis. Following initial management, she was referred to ocular oncology for an atypical clinical picture. Multiple seeds were noted 360 degrees in the anterior chamber, at the equator of the lens and canal of Petit, and ultrasound biomicroscopy identified a temporal pars plana lesion. While aqueous humor cytology was inconclusive for malignancy, targeted next-generation sequencing of aqueous cell-free DNA identified biallelic RB1 full gene deletion, confirming the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. Partial regression followed three cycles of systemic carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine and three intracameral melphalan injections. Four months later, she had recurrence of the primary tumor and increase in seeding and received the investigational sustained release episcleral topotecan chemoplaque. Stable regression was achieved to 28-month follow-up, with no detectable aqueous cell-free DNA. CONCLUSIONS RB1 sequencing analysis of tumor-derived cell-free DNA from aqueous humor can confirm the diagnosis of retinoblastoma in cases of diagnostic uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Kletke
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sameh Soliman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hilary Racher
- Scientific and Laboratory Operations, Dynacare/Impact Genetics, Brampton, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ashwin Mallipatna
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Furqan Shaikh
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kamiar Mireskandari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brenda L Gallie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Wang L, Li S, Mei J, Ye L. Immunotherapies of retinoblastoma: Effective methods for preserving vision in the future. Front Oncol 2022; 12:949193. [PMID: 36132125 PMCID: PMC9483150 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in children. Patients can be cured by enucleation, but it can lead to vision loss. Chemotherapy is the main method of treatment for RB currently. Unfortunately, chemoresistant and tumor metastasis often happen, resulting in a relatively poor prognosis. Therefore, immunotherapy becomes one of the optimal choices. Targeting not only tumor cells but also the active tumor microenvironment is a novel strategy for RB treatment. Here, we conclude several potential targets for RB immunotherapy, including gangliosides GD2, PD-1 and PD-L1, B7H3, EpCAM and SYK. We also review the techniques for CART, bispecific antibodies and genetically modified Dendritic cells according to the characteristics of different targets and discuss the feasibility of immunotherapy with different targets.
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Five novel RB1 gene mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in Chinese children with retinoblastoma. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 42:3421-3430. [PMID: 35960463 PMCID: PMC9587959 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To identify the spectrum of RB1 gene mutations in 114 Chinese patients with retinoblastoma. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 114 Rb patients. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) followed by direct Sanger sequencing were used to screen for mutations in the RB1 gene, which contains 26 exons with flanking intronic sequences, except exon 15. Clinical data, including gender, age at diagnosis, laterality of ocular lesions, and associated symptoms, were recorded and compared. Results We identified five novel mutations in the RB1 gene. Twenty-five other mutations found in this study have been previously reported. A higher rate of RB1 mutations, with 47.3% of mutations among bilaterally affected patients vs. 6.8% within unilaterally affected patients, was also observed (p < 0.0001). Bilaterally affected patients were diagnosed earlier when compared to unilaterally affected patients (11 ± 7 months versus 20 ± 14 months, p = 0.0002). Furthermore, nonsense mutations were abundant (n = 14), followed by frameshift mutations (n = 8), splicing site mutations (n = 5), while missense mutations were few (n = 3). Conclusions We found five novel mutations in RB1 genes, which expands the mutational spectrum of the gene. Children with bilateral Rb exhibited higher mutation rates and were diagnosed earlier than those with unilateral Rb. These findings will inform clinical diagnosis and genetic therapeutic targeting in Rb patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10792-022-02341-2.
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Farhat W, Yeung V, Ross A, Kahale F, Boychev N, Kuang L, Chen L, Ciolino JB. Advances in biomaterials for the treatment of retinoblastoma. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5391-5429. [PMID: 35959730 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children. Although traditional chemotherapy has shown some success in retinoblastoma management, there are several shortcomings to this approach, including inadequate pharmacokinetic parameters, multidrug resistance, low therapeutic efficiency, nonspecific targeting, and the need for adjuvant therapy, among others. The revolutionary developments in biomaterials for drug delivery have enabled breakthroughs in cancer management. Today, biomaterials are playing a crucial role in developing more efficacious retinoblastoma treatments. The key goal in the evolution of drug delivery biomaterials for retinoblastoma therapy is to resolve delivery-associated obstacles and lower nonlocal exposure while ameliorating certain adverse effects. In this review, we will first delve into the historical perspective of retinoblastoma with a focus on the classical treatments currently used in clinics to enhance patients' quality of life and survival rate. As we move along, we will discuss biomaterials for drug delivery applications. Various aspects of biomaterials for drug delivery will be dissected, including their features and recent advances. In accordance with the current advances in biomaterials, we will deliver a synopsis on the novel chemotherapeutic drug delivery strategies and evaluate these approaches to gain new insights into retinoblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Farhat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Vincent Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Amy Ross
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Francesca Kahale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Nikolay Boychev
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Liangju Kuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Joseph B Ciolino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Exploring the Mechanism of Curcumin on Retinoblastoma Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2407462. [PMID: 35911143 PMCID: PMC9325604 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2407462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Curcumin shows great effects of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tumor metastasis, and inhibiting angiogenesis on a variety of tumors. However, the biological activity and possible mechanisms of curcumin in the treatment of retinoblastoma have not been fully elucidated. This study explored the potential therapeutic targets and pharmacological mechanisms of curcumin against retinoblastoma based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods The genes corresponding to curcumin targets were screened from the HERB, PharmMapper, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed for the intersecting targets in the STRING database. Cytoscape 3.7.0 was used for network topology analysis and screening of important targets. R 4.1.0 software was used for Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of intersection targets. The molecular structures of curcumin and core target proteins were obtained from PubChem and PDB databases, and the two were preprocessed and molecularly docked using AutoDockTools and PyMOL software. Results Through network data mining, we obtained 504 curcumin targets and 966 retinoblastoma disease targets, and 44 potential targets for curcumin treatment of retinoblastoma were obtained by mapping. Three core targets were obtained from network topology analysis. 462 biological processes, 21 cellular compositions, and 34 molecular functions were obtained by GO enrichment analysis. KEGG pathway analysis revealed 94 signaling pathways, mainly involving chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species, viral carcinogenesis, Th17 cell differentiation, etc. The molecular docking results indicated that the binding energy of curcumin to the core targets was less than 0 kJ mol-1, among which the binding energy of RB1 and CDKN2A to curcumin was less than -5 kJ mol-1 with significant binding activity. Conclusion Based on molecular docking technology and network pharmacology, we initially revealed that curcumin exerts its therapeutic effects on retinoblastoma with multitarget, multipathway, and multibiological functions, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent studies.
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Spectrum of ophthalmic diseases in children hospitalized in a tertiary ophthalmology hospital in China from 2010 to 2019. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:314. [PMID: 35854241 PMCID: PMC9297649 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Describing the pattern of pediatric eye diseases is necessary for appropriate eye care in children. This study explored the spectrum and characteristics of pediatric ophthalmic diseases in a typical tertiary ophthalmology hospital in China. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary ophthalmology hospital between 2010 and 2019 in Guangzhou, China. This study included 44,552 inpatients who were younger than 18 years old. Demographic and diagnostic data were collected from the electronic medical record system. Multiphase regression analysis was used to estimate trends in the annual percentages of ten common ophthalmic diseases. RESULTS From 2010 to 2019, 44,552 inpatients met the inclusion criteria. The majority were male (61.9%), aged 7 to 12 years (30.3%) and self-paying (56.6%). The top ten conditions were refractive error (41.2%), strabismus (36.1%), cataract (13.6%), trauma (11.8%), congenital ptosis (8.8%), tumor (8.1%), amblyopia (7.1%), glaucoma (7.0%), entropion and trichiasis of eyelid (7.0%), and retinal detachment (6.5%). The annual percentage changes (APCs) for refractive error, strabismus, and retinal detachment were 9.3% (95% CI, 8.1-10.5%), 4.7% (95% CI, 3.8-5.6%) and - 2.8% (95% CI, - 5.1% to - 0.4%) respectively. For trauma, the average APC (AAPC = -9.2%, (95% CI, - 12.1% to - 6.2%) decreased gradually from 2010 to 2015 (APC = -4.2% (95% CI, - 8.8-0.7%)) and decreased rapidly from 2015 to 2019 (APC = -15.1% (95% CI, - 21.0% to - 8.7%)). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric ophthalmic diseases are common in China. Preventive strategies and health education aimed at the prevention of refractive error, strabismus, and entropion and trichiasis of eyelid will be crucial in reducing the burden of pediatric ophthalmic diseases on health care systems and human development.
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Han Q, Ma L, Shao L, Wang H, Feng M. Circ_0075804 regulates the expression of LASP1 by Targeting miR-1287-5p and thus affects the biological process of retinoblastoma. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1077-1086. [PMID: 35285372 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2053164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence reveals that circular RNA (circRNA) dysregulation is involved in retinoblastoma (RB) pathogenesis. To further realize the development of RB, we investigated the role and regulatory mechanism of circ_0075804 in RB. METHODS Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot were employed for expression analysis. CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay and transwell assay were performed to monitor cell phenotypes. Xenograft models were established to monitor the role of circ_0075804 on tumor growth. Tumor growth was assessed by the expression of Ki67, N-cadherin, MMP2 and MMP9 via IHC assay. The predicted binding sites between miR-1287-5p and circ_0075804 or LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) were validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Upregulation of circ_0075804 and LASP1, and downregulation of miR-1287-5p were shown in RB tissues and cells. Circ_0075804 knockdown repressed RB cell growth, invasion and survival, and hindered tumor development in vivo. MiR-1287-5p was targeted by circ_0075804, and its repression largely reversed the functional effects of circ_0075804 knockdown. LASP1 was a functional target of miR-1287-5p. The inhibition of miR-1287-5p upregulation on RB cell proliferation, survival and invasion was reversed by LASP1 overexpression. Moreover, circ_0075804 knockdown weakened LASP1 expression via increasing miR-1287-5p. CONCLUSION Circ_0075804 promotes LASP1 expression by targeting miR-1287-5p, thus acting as a contributor to RB carcinogenesis.Highlights:Circ_0075804 is overexpressed in RB.Circ_0075804 knockdown inhibits RB cell malignant phenotypes and tumor growth in vivo.Circ_0075804 regulates RB cell behaviors by targeting miR-1287-5p.MiR-1287-5p affects RB cell behaviors by binding to LASP1.Circ_0075804 regulates LASP1 expression via targeting miR-1287-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Han
- Department of Ophtalmology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital Shandong Province, Zaozhuang Shandong, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Department of Ophtalmology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital Shandong Province, Zaozhuang Shandong, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Ophtalmology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital Shandong Province, Zaozhuang Shandong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Ophtalmology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital Shandong Province, Zaozhuang Shandong, China
| | - Meiyan Feng
- Department of Ophtalmology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital Shandong Province, Zaozhuang Shandong, China
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Tang W, Zhang L, Li J, Guan Y. AFAP1 antisense RNA 1 promotes retinoblastoma progression by sponging microRNA miR-545-3p that targets G protein subunit beta 1. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5638-5652. [PMID: 35193469 PMCID: PMC8974164 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2033464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic role of actin filament-associated protein 1 antisense RNA 1 (AFAP1-AS1) has been reported in retinoblastoma (RB). However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were performed to analyze the expression of AFAP1-AS1, microRNA miR-545-3p, or G protein subunit beta 1 (GNB1). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell migration assays were used to detect cell proliferation and migration. In addition, caspase-3 activity was monitored by caspase-3 activity assay. Luciferase reporter assays combined with RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and pull-down assays were performed to elucidate the target relationship between miR-545-3p and AFAP1-AS1 or GNB1. Xenograft tumor experiments were performed to evaluate RB cell growth in vivo. Increased AFAP1-AS1 and GNB1 expression in RB tissues and cells was confirmed by RT-qPCR; conversely, miR-545-3p was found to be downregulated in RB tissues and cells. AFAP1-AS1 overexpression resulted in increased proliferation and migration of RB cells, whereas AFAP1-AS1 silencing resulted in decreased proliferation and migration of RB cells. Moreover, AFAP1-AS1 was found to target miR-545-3p. The anti-miR-545-3p treatment phenocopied the effect of AFAP1-AS1 overexpression and promoted RB cell growth in vivo. miR-545-3p was found to directly target GNB1. GNB1 silencing resulted in reduced proliferation and migration of RB cells and attenuated the oncogenic effect of the miR-545-3p inhibitor. Thus, in this study, a novel ceRNA regulation network of AFAP1-AS1 in RB was identified, where AFAP1-AS1 regulated GNB1 expression by targeting miR-545-3p, ultimately driving RB progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nuclear Industry 416th Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Peckham M, Spencer HJ, Syed S, Armstrong WB, Farwell DG, Gal TJ, Goldenberg D, Russell MD, Solis RN, King D, Stack BC. Breast and thyroid cancer: A multicenter study with Accrual to Clinical Trials Network. J Surg Oncol 2022; 125:1211-1217. [PMID: 35195923 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate a possible link between breast and thyroid cancer. METHODS A multicenter retrospective review of patients in the electronic medical records of six Accrual to Clinical Trial (ACT) institutions with both breast cancer and thyroid carcinoma. Each center queried its data using a predefined data dictionary. Information on thyroid and breast cancer included dates of diagnosis, histology, and patient demographics. RESULTS A random-effects model was used. There were 4.24 million women's records screened, 44 605 with breast cancer and 11 846 with thyroid cancer. The relative risks observed at each institution ranged from 0.49 to 13.47. The combined risk ratio (RR) estimate was 1.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.50-5.18). CONCLUSION There was no association between the risk of developing thyroid cancer and being a breast cancer survivor compared to no history of breast cancer, but the range of relative risks among the participating institutions was wide. Our findings warrant further study of more institutions with larger sample size. Additionally, further analysis of the significance of regional RR differences may be enlightening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry Peckham
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Horace J Spencer
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Shorabuddin Syed
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - William B Armstrong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Donald Gregory Farwell
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas J Gal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David Goldenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marika D Russell
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roberto N Solis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Deanne King
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Brendan C Stack
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
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Jong MC, Shaikh F, Gallie B, Kors WA, Jansen RW, Dommering C, Graaf P, Moll AC, Dimaras H, Shroff M, Kivelä TT, Soliman SE. Asynchronous pineoblastoma is more likely after early diagnosis of retinoblastoma: a meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e47-e52. [PMID: 33939299 PMCID: PMC9292554 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the risk of patients with an early diagnosis of heritable retinoblastoma being diagnosed with TRb (or pineoblastoma) asynchronously in a later stage and its effect on screening. Methods We updated the search (PubMed and Embase) for published literature as performed by our research group in 2014 and 2019. Trilateral retinoblastoma (TRb) patients were eligible for inclusion if identifiable as unique and the age at which TRb was diagnosed was available. The search yielded 97 new studies. Three new studies and eight new patients were included. Combined with 189 patients from the previous meta‐analysis, the database included 197 patients. The main outcome was the percentage of asynchronous TRb in patients diagnosed before and after preset age thresholds of 6 and 12 months of age at retinoblastoma diagnosis. Results Seventy‐nine per cent of patients with pineoblastoma are diagnosed with retinoblastoma before the age of 12 months. However, baseline MRI screening at time of retinoblastoma diagnosis fails to detect the later diagnosed pineal TRb in 89% of patients. We modelled that an additional MRI performed at the age of 29 months picks up 53% of pineoblastomas in an asymptomatic phase. The detection rate increased to 72%, 87% and 92%, respectively, with 2, 3 and 4 additional MRIs. Conclusions An MRI of the brain in heritable retinoblastoma before the age of 12 months misses most pineoblastomas, while retinoblastomas are diagnosed most often before the age of 12 months. Optimally timed additional MRI scans of the brain can increase the asymptomatic detection rate of pineoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus C. Jong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC Cancer Center Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Furqan Shaikh
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Brenda Gallie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
| | - Wijnanda A. Kors
- Department of Pediatric Oncology Amsterdam UMC Cancer Center Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Robin W. Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC Cancer Center Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Dommering
- Department of Clinical Genetics Amsterdam UMC Cancer Center Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Pim Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC Cancer Center Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Annette C. Moll
- Department of Ophthalmology Amsterdam UMC Cancer Center Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Helen Dimaras
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program SickKids Research Institute Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Clinical Public Health Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Manohar Shroff
- Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology The Hospital of Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
| | - Tero T. Kivelä
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Sameh E. Soliman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science Ocular Oncology service Princess Margaret Hospital Toronto ON Canada
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology University of Alexandria Alexandria Egypt
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Geng X, Zhao Z, Li H, Chen DDY. Tee-Shaped Sample Introduction Device Coupled with Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometry for Gaseous Analytes. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16813-16820. [PMID: 34825821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) is simple to operate for analytes adsorbed on the surface of various shaped probes. However, gaseous substances or liquids that are easy to evaporate, diffuse, and escape in the atmosphere are harder to capture. In this work, a Tee-shaped sample introduction device coupled with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) is developed. The Tee-shaped device is placed between the DART ion source and the MS inlet with a heated sample transfer tube. Gaseous samples from either a Tedlar sampling bag or liquids evaporated from a graduated syringe were tested. The Tee-shaped device was used for several volatile organic compounds with a wide range of boiling points, and detection limits of ng/mL to fg/mL were obtained. To test the device for real-life samples, puff-by-puff analysis of a complex gaseous mainstream smoke was performed. Individual puffs can be analyzed rapidly, and there is no cross contamination between consecutive puffs. The dynamic changes of chemical components among different puffs for different types of cigarettes can be observed. This work provides a universal Tee-shaped sampling device to enhance AIMS for the analysis of volatile compounds and gases, which is adapted to different sampling modules applicable for various forms of samples. The device enables direct exploration of chemical components in complex gaseous samples without tedious sample preparation and time-consuming LC or GC separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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13
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Ren H, Guo X, Li F, Xia Q, Chen Z, Xing Y. Four Autophagy-Related Long Noncoding RNAs Provide Coexpression and ceRNA Mechanisms in Retinoblastoma through Bioinformatics and Experimental Evidence. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33976-33984. [PMID: 34926945 PMCID: PMC8674985 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common type of intraocular malignant tumor that lowers the quality of life among children worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are reported to play a dual role in tumorigenesis and development of RB. Autophagy is also reported to be involved in RB occurrence. Although several studies of autophagy-related lncRNAs in RB have been explored before, there are still unknown potential mechanisms in RB. In the present study, we mined dataset GSE110811 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and downloaded autophagy-related genes from the Human Autophagy Database for further bioinformatic analysis. By implementing the differential expression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis on the lncRNA expression matrix and autophagy-related genes expression matrix, we identified four autophagy-related lncRNAs (namely, N4BP2L2-IT2, SH3BP5-AS1, CDKN2B-AS1, and LINC-PINT) associated with RB. We then performed differential expression analysis on microRNA (miRNA) from dataset GSE39105 for further analyses of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory mechanisms. With the miRNA-lncRNA module on the StarBase 3.0 website, we predicted the differentially expressed miRNAs that could target the autophagy-related lncRNAs and constructed a potential lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Furthermore, the functional annotations of these target genes in regulatory networks were presented using the Cytoscape and the Metascape annotation tool. Finally, the expression pattern of the four autophagy-related lncRNAs was evaluated via qRT-PCR. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the four autophagy-related lncRNAs could be critical molecules associated with the development of RB and affect the occurrence and development of RB through the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Genes (GRP13B, IFT88, EPHA3, GABARAPL1, and EIF4EBP1) may serve as potential novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers in RB.
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14
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Sjöstedt S, Schmidt AY, Vieira FG, Woller NC, Nielsen FC, von Buchwald C. Intestinal metaplasia is a precursor lesion for sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma: genomic investigation of a case proving this hypothesis. APMIS 2021; 130:53-56. [PMID: 34741541 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sannia Sjöstedt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ane Yde Schmidt
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Filipe Garrett Vieira
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nina Claire Woller
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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15
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Lu X, Tu H, Tang D, Huang X, Sun F. miR-130a-3p Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Y79 Retinoblastoma Cells to Vincristine by Targeting PAX6 Expression. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:418-425. [PMID: 34547965 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1984537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemoresistance remains the primary obstacle threatening the prognosis of retinoblastoma (RB). microRNAs (miRNAs) are acknowledged as critical regulators of drug resistance. This study explored the molecular mechanism of miR-130a-3p affecting the chemosensitivity of RB to vincristine (VCR). METHODS miR-130a-3p expression of human retinal astrocytes and RB cell lines (Y79, WERI-Rb-1, SO-Rb50, and SO-Rb70) was detected using RT-qPCR. VCR-resistant RB cell line Y79/VCR was induced. miR-130a-3p expression of Y79/VCR cell line and its corresponding parental cell line was detected. Y79/VCR cells were subjected to miR-130a-3p overexpression treatment. The cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay, and the IC50 value and drug resistance index were examined using CCK-8 assay. The targeting relationship between miR-130a-3p and PAX6 was predicted through bioinformatics analysis and verified using dual-luciferase assay. Functional rescue experiments were conducted to confirm the role of PAX6 in chemosensitivity of RB cells. The effect of miR-130a-3p on tumorigenesis and VCR sensitivity was observed in vivo. RESULTS miR-130a-3p was downregulated in VCR-resistant RB cells. Overexpression of miR-130a-3p repressed the proliferation of Y79/VCR cells and enhanced chemosensitivity. miR-130a-3p targeted PAX6 expression. Overexpression of PAX6 reversed the effect of miR-130a-3p on chemosensitivity of Y79/VCR cells. Overexpression of miR-130a-3p suppressed tumor growth and reduced VCR resistance in vivo. CONCLUSIONS miR-130a-3p enhanced the chemosensitivity of Y79 RB cells to VCR by targeting PAX6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huifang Tu
- Eyelid and Ocular Disease Department, Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongrun Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengyuan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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16
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Correlation between Family RB1 Gene Pathogenic Variant with Clinical Features and Prognosis of Retinoblastoma under 5 Years Old. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:9981028. [PMID: 34336010 PMCID: PMC8292087 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9981028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in infants and the prototype of human hereditary tumors. Its occurrence and development are closely related to the pathogenic variant of tumor suppressor RB1 gene. We aim to analyze the characteristics of RB1 gene pathogenic variant and clinical phenotype in retinoblastoma patients and their relatives. Children with RB were recruited from August 2007 to November 2017. QT-PCR, probing, and gene sequencing were used to analyze the sequence of RB1 gene in RB children, their parents, or grandparents with a clear history of illness. The SPSS20.0 software was used to analyze the correlation between polymorphisms of RB1 gene and the incidence and prognosis of the enrolled children and relatives. 40 RB children (20 males and 20 females) were recruited, unilateral RB accounted for 52.5% (21/40), bilateral RB accounted for 42.5% (17/40), and trilateral RB accounted for 5.0% (2/40). 6 patients had a clear family history (15.0%, 6/40). It had been verified that 19 probands (47.5%) have RB1 gene pathogenic variants (11 frameshift and 8 missense pathogenic variants), of which germline inheritance accounted for 47.4% (9/19) and nongermline heredity accounted for 52.6% (10/19). Pathogenic variants of 10 nucleic acid sites without reported were found, among which c.2455C>G (p.L819V) was confirmed to have heterozygous pathogenic variants in both a bilateral RB patient and his mother with unilateral RB. Family genetic high-risk factors, bilateral/trilateral RB, >12-month-onset RB have a higher proportion of RB1 gene pathogenic variant than children with no family history, unilateral RB, and ≤12-month (P = 0.021, 0.001,0.034). The proportion of pedigree inheritance of infantile retinoblastoma with bilateral disease is high. There was a certain proportion of RB1 gene pathogenic variant in 3-5-year-old children with bilateral RB, even if they had no family genetic history. Therefore, the detection of RB1 gene pathogenic variant should not only focus on infants but also on the phenotype of RB1 gene pathogenic variant in children over 3 years old with bilateral eye disease.
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17
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Hoang CQ, Duong HQ, Nguyen NT, Nguyen SAH, Nguyen C, Nguyen BD, Phung LT, Nguyen DT, Pham CTM, Le Doan T, Tran MH. Clinical evaluation of RB1 genetic testing reveals novel mutations in Vietnamese patients with retinoblastoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 15:182. [PMID: 34277001 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evaluation of the genetic testing strategy is essential for ensuring the correct determination of mutation carriers. The current study retrospectively analyzed genetic and clinicopathological data from 62 Vietnamese patients with retinoblastoma (RB) referred to the Vinmec Hi-Tech Center for RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) genetic testing between 2017 and 2019. The present study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) method to identify novel RB1 mutations, and to consider using age at diagnosis as a risk factor. Genomic DNA was analyzed with custom panel based targeted NGS. NGS was performed on the Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI) sequencing platform, and pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, quantitative PCR (qPCR) or Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification assay (MLPA). Constitutional RB1 variants were identified in 100% (25/25) of the bilateral cases, while several common previously reported RB1 mutations were also recorded. In addition, in Vietnamese patients with RB, nine novel RB1 mutations were identified. Children aged between 0-36 months were more likely to be RB1 carriers compared with those aged >36 months. The current findings indicated that the NGS method implemented in the Vinmec Hi-Tech Center was highly accurate, and age at diagnosis may be used to assess the risk of hereditary RB. Furthermore, the newly identified RB1 mutations may provide additional data to improve the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying RB1 inactivation and the development of rapid assays for detecting RB1 mutations. Overall, the present study suggested that NGS may be applied for detecting germline RB1 mutations in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh Quoc Hoang
- Vinmec Hi-Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.,Department of Cancer Research, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.,Center for Experimental Biology, National Center for Technological Progress, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hong-Quan Duong
- Department of Cancer Research, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.,Laboratory Center, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Translational Biomedical Informatics, Vingroup Big Data Institute, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Sy Anh Hao Nguyen
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Nguyen
- Vinmec Hi-Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.,LOBI Vietnam Ltd., Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Bo Duy Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics 3, Vinmec International Hospital in Times City, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Lan Tuyet Phung
- Department of Pediatrics 3, Vinmec International Hospital in Times City, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dung Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics 3, Vinmec International Hospital in Times City, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Chau Thi Minh Pham
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Vietnam National Eye Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Trang Le Doan
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Vietnam National Eye Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Mai Hoang Tran
- Department of Cancer Research, Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.,Department of Translational Biomedical Informatics, Vingroup Big Data Institute, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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18
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Wan T, Fu M, Wu Z, Gao X, Zhou S. Advances in the role of autophagy in the development of retinoblastoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:632. [PMID: 34267824 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a feedback regulatory mechanism of cells to external stress, which helps cells to adapt to changes in physiological conditions and environmental stress. Autophagy possesses a variety of target genes that control a wide range of signaling pathways. Maintenance of an appropriate level of autophagy is essential for the growth, metastasis and characteristics of tumors. Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor found in the eyes of children following exposure to extreme environmental factors, such as mitochondrial defects, oxidative stress and excessive autophagy; this leads to the development of DNA damage and progressive loss of the function of the eye, which results in the occurrence of RB. Recent studies have documented the involvement of autophagy in the transformation, occurrence and metastasis of RB. High or low levels of autophagy exert notably promotive or repressive effects on the development, invasion, drug resistance and survival of RB, respectively. The present review reports the research progress on the association between autophagy and RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Mingyuan Fu
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhuan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xue Gao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College; Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
| | - Shouhong Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College; Guilin, Guangxi 541199, P.R. China
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19
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Jurcă MC, Ivaşcu ME, Jurcă AA, Kozma K, Magyar I, Şandor MI, Jurcă AD, Zaha DC, Albu CC, Pantiş C, Bembea M, Petcheşi CD. Genetics of congenital solid tumors. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:1039-1049. [PMID: 34171053 PMCID: PMC8343493 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.4.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
When we discuss the genetics of tumors, we cannot fail to remember that in the second decade of the twentieth century, more precisely in 1914, Theodore Boveri defined for the first time the chromosomal bases of cancer. In the last 30 years, progresses in genetics have only confirmed Boveri's remarkable predictions made more than 80 years ago. Before the cloning of the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene, the existence of a genetic component in most, if not all, solid childhood tumors were well known. The existence of familial tumor aggregations has been found much more frequently than researchers expected to find at random. Sometimes, the demonstration of this family predisposition was very difficult, because the survival of children diagnosed as having a certain tumor, up to an age at which reproduction and procreation is possible, was very rare. In recent years, advances in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases have made it possible for these children to survive until the age when they were able to start their own families, including the ability to procreate. Four distinct groups of so-called cancer genes have been identified: oncogenes, which promote tumor cell proliferation; tumor suppressor genes, which inhibit this growth/proliferation; anti-mutational genes, with a role in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stability; and micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) genes, with a role in the posttranscriptional process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Claudia Jurcă
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania; ,
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20
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Reschke M, Biewald E, Bronstein L, Brecht IB, Dittner-Moormann S, Driever F, Ebinger M, Fleischhack G, Grabow D, Geismar D, Göricke S, Guberina M, Le Guin CHD, Kiefer T, Kratz CP, Metz K, Müller B, Ryl T, Schlamann M, Schlüter S, Schönberger S, Schulte JH, Sirin S, Süsskind D, Timmermann B, Ting S, Wackernagel W, Wieland R, Zenker M, Zeschnigk M, Reinhardt D, Eggert A, Ritter-Sovinz P, Lohmann DR, Bornfeld N, Bechrakis N, Ketteler P. Eye Tumors in Childhood as First Sign of Tumor Predisposition Syndromes: Insights from an Observational Study Conducted in Germany and Austria. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081876. [PMID: 33919815 PMCID: PMC8070790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Eye tumors in children are very rare. In Europe, these eye tumors are nearly always diagnosed early and cure rates are high. However, eye tumors in childhood often occur as the first sign of a genetic tumor predisposition syndrome. This study collected data of children with malignant eye tumors diagnosed in five years in Germany and Austria to learn about the association of eye tumors in childhood with tumor predisposition syndrome. The study recruited 300 children with malignant eye tumors in childhood. In the here-presented cohort, more than 40% of eye tumors were associated with rare tumor predisposition syndromes. For this reason, all children with eye tumors and their families should receive genetic counseling for a tumor predisposition syndrome. Children with a genetic predisposition to cancer should receive a tailored surveillance, including detailed history, physical examination and, if indicated, imaging to screen for other cancers later in life. Abstract Retinoblastoma and other eye tumors in childhood are rare diseases. Many eye tumors are the first signs of a genetic tumor predisposition syndrome and the affected children carry a higher risk of developing other cancers later in life. Clinical and genetic data of all children with eye tumors diagnosed between 2013–2018 in Germany and Austria were collected in a multicenter prospective observational study. In five years, 300 children were recruited into the study: 287 with retinoblastoma, 7 uveal melanoma, 3 ciliary body medulloepithelioma, 2 retinal astrocytoma, 1 meningioma of the optic nerve extending into the eye. Heritable retinoblastoma was diagnosed in 44% of children with retinoblastoma. One child with meningioma of the optic nerve extending into the eye was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis 2. No pathogenic constitutional variant in DICER1 was detected in a child with medulloepithelioma while two children did not receive genetic analysis. Because of the known association with tumor predisposition syndromes, genetic counseling should be offered to all children with eye tumors. Children with a genetic predisposition to cancer should receive a tailored surveillance including detailed history, physical examinations and, if indicated, imaging to screen for other cancer. Early detection of cancers may reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Reschke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.); (J.H.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Eva Biewald
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (E.B.); (C.H.D.L.G.); (T.K.); (S.S.); (N.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Leo Bronstein
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Ines B. Brecht
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children’s University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (I.B.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Sabine Dittner-Moormann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
| | - Frank Driever
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (F.D.); (K.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Martin Ebinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children’s University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (I.B.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Gudrun Fleischhack
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
| | - Desiree Grabow
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, German Childhood Cancer Registry at Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Dirk Geismar
- Clinic for Particle Therapy, West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (D.G.); (B.T.)
| | - Sophia Göricke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Maja Guberina
- Department for Radiotherapy, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Claudia H. D. Le Guin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (E.B.); (C.H.D.L.G.); (T.K.); (S.S.); (N.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Tobias Kiefer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (E.B.); (C.H.D.L.G.); (T.K.); (S.S.); (N.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Christian P. Kratz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Klaus Metz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (F.D.); (K.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Bert Müller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Tatsiana Ryl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany;
| | - Sabrina Schlüter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (E.B.); (C.H.D.L.G.); (T.K.); (S.S.); (N.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Stefan Schönberger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
| | - Johannes H. Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.); (J.H.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Selma Sirin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniela Süsskind
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Beate Timmermann
- Clinic for Particle Therapy, West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (D.G.); (B.T.)
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Standort Essen/Düsseldorf, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (F.D.); (K.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Werner Wackernagel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Regina Wieland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Michael Zeschnigk
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.); (J.H.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Petra Ritter-Sovinz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Dietmar R. Lohmann
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Standort Essen/Düsseldorf, 45122 Essen, Germany;
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Norbert Bornfeld
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (E.B.); (C.H.D.L.G.); (T.K.); (S.S.); (N.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Nikolaos Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (E.B.); (C.H.D.L.G.); (T.K.); (S.S.); (N.B.); (N.B.)
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Standort Essen/Düsseldorf, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Petra Ketteler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Standort Essen/Düsseldorf, 45122 Essen, Germany;
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Xiu C, Song R, Jiang J. TUG1 promotes retinoblastoma progression by sponging miR-516b-5p to upregulate H6PD expression. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:738-747. [PMID: 35116405 PMCID: PMC8799124 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-19-1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma (RB), depicted as an aggressive eye cancer, mainly occurs in infancy and childhood and is followed by high mortality and poor prognosis. Increasing evidence has revealed that long noncoding RNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is closely linked to the progression of diverse cancers. Nonetheless, the specific function and molecular regulatory mechanism of TUG1 in RB still need to be explored. Methods To explore the specific role of TUG1 in RB. TUG1 expression was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU), caspase-3, terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) and western blot assays were utilized to study the role of TUG1 in RB. The binding relation between miR-516b-5p and TUG1 or hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase (H6PD) was analyzed by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Results The expression of TUG1 was upregulated in RB cells. TUG1 knockdown repressed proliferation ability and promoted apoptosis ability of RB cells. Moreover, TUG1 could bind with miR-516b-5p, which targeted H6PD in RB. In addition, the expression of H6PD was negatively and positively regulated by miR-516b-5p and TUG1 in RB, respectively. Finally, H6PD overexpression could partially offset the effects of TUG1 deficiency on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Conclusions TUG1 promoted the development of RB by sponging miR-516b-5p to upregulate H6PD expression, which might provide a new thought for researching RB-related molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimei Xiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruiying Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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22
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Zhang Z, Xiao YS, Shen R, Jiang HC, Tan L, Li RQ, Yang XH, Gu HY, He WJ, Ma J. Next generation sequencing of RB1gene for the molecular diagnosis of ethnic minority with retinoblastoma in Yunnan. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:230. [PMID: 33225895 PMCID: PMC7682003 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma is a rare intraocular malignancy and typically initiated by inactivating biallelic mutations of RB1 gene. Each year, ~ 8000 children worldwide are diagnosed for retinoblastoma. In high-income countries, patient survival is over 95% while low-income countries is ~ 30%.If disease is diagnosed early and treated in centers specializing in retinoblastoma, the survival might exceed 95% and many eyes could be safely treated and support a lifetime of good vision. In China, approximate 1100 newly diagnosed cases are expected annually and 28 hospitals covering 25 provinces established centers classified by expertise and resources for better treatment options and follow-up. Comparing with other province of eastern China, Yunnan province is remote geographically. This might result that healthcare staff have low awareness of the role of genetic testing in management and screening in families. Methods The patients with retinoblastoma were selected in Yunnan. DNA from blood was used for targeted gene sequencing. Then, an in-house bioinformatics pipeline was done to detect both single nucleotide variants and small insertions/deletions. The pathogenic mutations were identified and further confirmed by conventional methods and cosegregation in families. Results Using our approach, targeted next generation sequencing was used to detect the mutation of these 12 probands. Bioinformatic predictions showed that nine mutations were found in our study and four were novel pathogenic variants in these nine mutations. Conclusions It’s the first report to describe RB1 mutations in Yunnan children with retinoblastoma. This study would improve role of genetic testing for management and family screening. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12881-020-01150-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, and Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, PR China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China
| | - Yi-Shuang Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, PR China
| | - Ru Shen
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, PR China
| | - Hong-Chao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, and Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, PR China
| | - Li Tan
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, PR China
| | - Ren-Qiu Li
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yang
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, PR China
| | - Huai-Yu Gu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China.
| | - Wen-Ji He
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, PR China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, and Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, PR China. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University,, Kunming, Yunnan, 650228, PR China.
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23
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Liquid Biopsy for Solid Ophthalmic Malignancies: An Updated Review and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113284. [PMID: 33172021 PMCID: PMC7694640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To date, there is no treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma. Identifying its metastatic spread is essential. Liquid biopsy can identify patients at risk of metastatic spread early. Here, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of liquid biopsy in ophthalmic malignant tumors, including uveal melanoma. Our objective is to establish the current state of liquid biopsy in the ophthalmic field, as well as its perspectives and limitations. Abstract Tissue biopsy is considered the gold standard when establishing a diagnosis of cancer. However, tissue biopsies of intraocular ophthalmic malignancies are hard to collect and are thought to be associated with a non-negligible risk of extraocular dissemination. Recently, the liquid biopsy (LB) has emerged as a viable, non-invasive, repeatable, and promising way of obtaining a diagnosis, prognosis, and theragnosis of patients with solid tumors. LB refers to blood, as well as any human liquid. The natural history of uveal melanoma (UM) and retinoblastoma (RB) are radically opposed. On the one hand, UM is known to disseminate through the bloodstream, and is, therefore, more accessible to systemic venous liquid biopsy. On the other hand, RB rarely disseminates hematogenous, and is, therefore, more accessible to local liquid biopsy by performing an anterior chamber puncture. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning LB in UM, RB, conjunctival tumors, and choroidal metastases. We also develop the current limitations encountered, as well as the perspectives.
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24
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Exosomes: Insights from Retinoblastoma and Other Eye Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197055. [PMID: 32992741 PMCID: PMC7582726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, considered as cell debris or garbage bags, have been later characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular double-membrane lipid bilayer bio-vesicles secreted by the fusion of vesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The constituents and the rate of exosomes formation differ in different pathophysiological conditions. Exosomes are also observed and studied in different parts of the eye, like the retina, cornea, aqueous, and vitreous humor. Tear fluid consists of exosomes that are shown to regulate various cellular processes. The role of exosomes in eye cancers, especially retinoblastoma (RB), is not well explored, although few studies point towards their presence. Retinoblastoma is an intraocular tumor that constitutes 3% of cases of cancer in children. Diagnosis of RB may require invasive procedures, which might lead to the spread of the disease to other parts. Due to this reason, better ways of diagnosis are being explored. Studies on the exosomes in RB tumors and serum might help designing better diagnostic approaches for RB. In this article, we reviewed studies on exosomes in the eye, with a special emphasis on RB. We also reviewed miRNAs expressed in RB tumor, serum, and cell lines and analyzed the targets of these miRNAs from the proteins identified in the RB tumor exosomes. hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-9, upregulated and downregulated, respectively in RB, have the maximum number of targets. Although oppositely regulated, they share the same targets in the proteins identified in RB tumor exosomes. Overall this review provides the up-to-date progress in the area of eye exosome research, with an emphasis on RB.
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25
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Soliman SE, Martínez S, De Nicola ML, Kiehl R, Krema H. Molecular analysis confirms retinoblastoma diagnosis in a histologically undifferentiated retinal tumor in an adult. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:350-353. [PMID: 32543965 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1765398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common pediatric intraocular cancer. Rarely, it may develop in adults, with different clinical and imaging characteristics that make the diagnosis a challenge. We present a case of a white retinal tumor in a 42-year-old woman that progressed slowly over 3 years and on enucleation an undifferentiated tumor was found without a conclusive diagnosis. Molecular analysis identified RB1 pathogenic variant that confirmed retinoblastoma diagnosis in this discordant clinicopathologic presentation of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh E Soliman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alexandria , Alexandria, Egypt.,Ocular Oncology Service, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Silvia Martínez
- Ocular Oncology Service, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , Toronto, ON, Canada.,IIS-Aragon, Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Laura De Nicola
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology Service, Fundacion Banco de Ojos Fernando Oca Del Ville, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Rasmus Kiehl
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, University Health Network , Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hatem Krema
- Ocular Oncology Service, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre , Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Hanbazazh M, Dryja TP. Molecular Genetics of Intraocular Tumors. Semin Ophthalmol 2020; 35:174-181. [PMID: 32507011 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2020.1776343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the value of molecular technologies in the pathologic evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma. METHODS Review of the peer-reviewed literature on the molecular pathology of primary intraocular tumors. CONCLUSION Molecular tests are playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of intraocular tumors. They provide information valuable for diagnosis, prognosis, screening regimens, genetic counselling, and treatment. These technologies are becoming easier, faster, and with higher sensitivity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehenaz Hanbazazh
- David G Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thaddeus P Dryja
- David G Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Cao M, Wang S, Zou J, Wang W. Bioinformatics analyses of retinoblastoma reveal the retinoblastoma progression subtypes. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8873. [PMID: 32509443 PMCID: PMC7246025 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Retinoblastoma (RB) is one common pediatric malignant tumor with dismal outcomes. Heterogeneity of RB and subtypes of RB were identified but the association between the subtypes of RB and RB progression have not been fully investigated. Methods Four public datasets were downloaded from Gene expression omnibus and normalization was performed to remove batch effect. Two public datasets were explored to obtain the RB progression gene signatures by differentially expression analysis while another two datasets were iterated for RB subtypes identification using consensus clustering. After the RB progressive subtype gene signatures were identified, we tested the diagnostic capacity of these gene signatures by receiver operation curve. Results Three hundreds and forty six genes that were enriched in cell cycle were identified as the progression signature in RB from two independent datasets. Four subtypes of RB were stratified by consensus clustering. A total of 21 genes from RB progression signature were differentially expressed between RB subtypes. One subtype with low expression cell division genes have less progression of all four subtypes. A panel of five RB subtype genes (CLUL1, CNGB1, ROM1, LRRC39 and RDH12) predict progression of RB. Conclusion Retinoblastoma is a highly heterogeneous tumor and the level of cell cycle related gene expression is associated with RB progression. A subpopulation of RB with high expression of visual perception has less progressive features. LRRC39 is potentially the RB progression subtype biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjing Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanpeng Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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28
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Yazici H, Wu HC, Tigli H, Yilmaz EZ, Kebudi R, Santella RM. High levels of global genome methylation in patients with retinoblastoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:715-723. [PMID: 32565997 PMCID: PMC7286142 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a tumor of the embryonic neural retina in young children. The DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) gene has been demonstrated to be transcriptionally activated in cells lacking retinoblastoma 1 (RB1). Thus, there is a direct interaction between DNMT1 and RB1 in vivo. The present study hypothesized that uncontrolled DNMT1, DNMT2 and DNMT3 expression may lead to a high level of global genome methylation causing a second hit or where both alleles are altered, in RB1 and/or inactivation of other genes in retinal cells. To test this, the global genome methylation levels were analyzed in 69 patients with retinoblastoma, as well as 26 healthy siblings and 18 healthy unrelated children as the control groups. Peripheral blood and tumor tissue samples were obtained from 32 patients. The expression levels of DNMT genes were also determined in cell lines. Based on the median levels of global genome methylation in patients, higher genome-wide methylation levels in peripheral blood were associated with a 3.33-fold increased risk for retinoblastoma in patients compared with all healthy controls (95% confidence interval, 0.98–11.35; P<0.0001). The level of global genome methylation and the expression of DNMT genes were increased in the WERI-RB-1 cell line, which has a mutated RB1 gene, compared with a wild-type RB1-expressing cell line. These results supported the hypothesis that epigenetic alterations, as well as mutations in RB1, may be associated with the oncogenesis and inheritance of retinoblastoma. The repression of genes that interact with RB1, such as the DNMT gene family, may be important in patients with retinoblastoma with alterations in RB1, and may serve a role in the treatment and regression of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Yazici
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Hui-Chen Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hulya Tigli
- Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul 34093, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology, Gelişim University, Avcilar, Istanbul 34315, Turkey
| | - Elif Z Yilmaz
- Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul 34093, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Rejin Kebudi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih, İstanbul 34098, Turkey.,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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29
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Sun X, Shen H, Liu S, Gao J, Zhang S. Long noncoding RNA SNHG14 promotes the aggressiveness of retinoblastoma by sponging microRNA‑124 and thereby upregulating STAT3. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1685-1696. [PMID: 32236565 PMCID: PMC7169960 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A long noncoding RNA called small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 (SNHG14) has been validated as a key regulator of cellular processes in multiple types of human cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, the expression status and specific roles of SNHG14 in retinoblastoma (RB) have not been studied. The aims of the present study were to determine the expression status of SNHG14 in RB, assess the effects of SNHG14 on malignant characteristics of RB cells and investigate the mechanisms of action of SNHG14 in RB. SNHG14 expression levels in RB tissue samples and cell lines were measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo were quantitated by the Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, flow cytometry, migration and invasion assays, and mouse tumor xenograft experiments, respectively. The target microRNA (miRNA) of SNHG14 was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and was subsequently validated by a luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, RT‑qPCR, and western blot analysis. SNHG14 was identified to be significantly overexpressed in RB tissues and cell lines. SNHG14 overexpression was markedly associated with the intraocular international retinoblastoma classification stage, optic nerve invasion, and differentiation grade among patients with RB. The patients in the SNHG14 high‑expression group exhibited shorter overall survival compared with the SNHG14 low‑expression group. Functional analysis revealed that SNHG14 silencing inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and increased apoptosis in vitro, and decreased tumor growth in vivo. SNHG14 directly interacted with, and functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of, miR‑124, consequently upregulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). miR‑124 inhibition and STAT3 expression recovery attenuated the effects of the SNHG14 silencing on RB cells. In conclusion, SNHG14 served as a ceRNA to upregulate STAT3 by sponging miR‑124. Therefore, targeting the SNHG14/miR‑124/STAT3 pathway may be an effective therapeutic strategy against RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Shubin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256610, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Ophthalmic Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
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30
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Zheng C, Schneider JW, Hsieh J. Role of RB1 in human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal organoids. Dev Biol 2020; 462:197-207. [PMID: 32197890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organoid models derived from human pluripotent stem cells provide a platform for studying human development and understanding disease mechanisms. Most studies that examine biallelic inactivation of the cell cycle regulator Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) and the link to retinoblastoma is in mice, however, less is known regarding the pathophysiological role of RB1 during human retinal development. To study the role of RB1 in early human retinal development and tumor formation, we generated retinal organoids from CRISPR/Cas9-derived RB1-null human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We showed that RB is abundantly expressed in retinal progenitor cells in retinal organoids and loss of RB1 promotes S-phase entry. Furthermore, loss of RB1 resulted in widespread apoptosis and reduced the number of photoreceptor, ganglion, and bipolar cells. Interestingly, RB1 mutation in retinal organoids did not result in retinoblastoma formation in vitro or in the vitreous body of NOD/SCID immunodeficient mice. Together, our work identifies a crucial function for RB1 in human retinal development and suggests that RB1 deletion alone is not sufficient for tumor development, at least in human retinal organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canbin Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, GD, 510080, China
| | - Jay W Schneider
- Wanek Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Jenny Hsieh
- Department of Biology and Brain Health Consortium, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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31
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Lan X, Xu W, Tang X, Ye H, Song X, Lin L, Ren X, Yu G, Zhang H, Wu S. Spectrum of RB1 Germline Mutations and Clinical Features in Unrelated Chinese Patients With Retinoblastoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:142. [PMID: 32218800 PMCID: PMC7080181 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a primary intraocular malignant tumor that occurs primarily in children, and results from loss-of-function mutations in the RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) gene. Genetic testing forms the basis of genetic counseling for affected families, as well as for clinical management of this disease. The aim of this study was to identify germline RB1 mutations and correlate the identified mutations with the clinical features of Rb patients. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 180 unrelated Rb patients and their parents (118 unilaterally and 62 bilaterally affected probands). Mutations in the RB1 gene, including the promoter region and exons 1-27 with flanking intronic sequences, were identified by Sanger sequencing. The samples with negative sequencing results were further subjected to methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) to detect gross deletions or duplications. Sixty-three distinct mutations were identified in 75 of the 180 (41.7%) probands. Of the 75 patients carrying RB1 mutations, 56 developed bilateral Rb, while 19 developed unilateral Rb. The total detection rates for bilateral and unilateral Rb were 90.3% (56/62) and 16.1% (19/118), respectively. Among the 75 patients, the spectrum of mutation types comprised 29.3% (22/75) nonsense mutations, 22.7% (17/75) splicing mutations, 17.3% (13/75) small insertions/deletions, 16.0% (12/75) large deletions/duplications, and 13.3% (10/75) missense mutations, while only 1% (1/75) of the mutations were in the promoter region of the RB1 gene. Age at diagnosis was significantly different (p < 0.01) between patients with positive and negative test results for germline RB1 mutations. A c.2359C > T mutation (p.R787X) was identified in identical twins, but one child was affected bilaterally and the other unilaterally. Of the five patients with deletion of the entire RB1 gene, the deletion of two patients was inherited from unaffected parents. In conclusion, in this study, we provide a comprehensive spectrum of RB1 germline mutations in Chinese Rb patients, and describe the correlations among RB1 mutations, age at diagnosis, and laterality; moreover, we report that the clinical features of individuals carrying an identical mutation in the RB1 gene were highly variable, indicating that the pathogenesis of Rb is more complicated than currently believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Lan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuhen Xu
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyun Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longlong Lin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjun Yu
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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32
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Singh N, DeBenedictis MJ, Singh AD. An Online Application for Retinoblastoma Surveillance. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2020; 6:376-380. [PMID: 33123532 DOI: 10.1159/000505751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma (RB) is a potentially heritable childhood cancer that is vision- and life-threatening. Assessing the risk of inheriting RB is important for structuring ophthalmic and genetic screening of family members. Purpose To create a free online application that integrates phenotypic, genetic, and familial relationships with clinical best practice surveillance guidelines for families with RB. Methods The risk of germline RB1 gene mutation was assessed for first- and second-degree relatives of a proband under variable clinical scenarios, integrating age, phenotype, relationship data, and genotype (germline RB1 mutation status: detected, undetected, not tested). Based on the assessed risk of a germline RB1 mutation, recommendations regarding further genetic testing as well as ophthalmic surveillance were derived from consensus guidelines. Results The recommendations depend on the RB1 germline mutation status (detected, undetected, not tested), which were further subcategorized by the results of tumor phenotype, relationship to proband, age of the relative, and family structure. The online application is available at https://nakul-singh.shinyapps.io/RB_Screening_rec/. Conclusions The assessed risk of germline RB1 mutation determines ophthalmic surveillance recommendations. The tool may have most value in regions where access to specialized care is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Singh
- Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Arun D Singh
- Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Zhao W, Wang S, Qin T, Wang W. Circular RNA (circ-0075804) promotes the proliferation of retinoblastoma via combining heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (HNRNPK) to improve the stability of E2F transcription factor 3 E2F3. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3516-3525. [PMID: 32065448 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is growingly recognized that messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are important regulators of various cancers. However, there are few reporters about the function of E2F3 in retinoblastoma (RB), which needs more exploration. In addition, the circRNA circ-0075804 was derived from the E2F3 host gene. The purpose of the study is to figure out the role and molecular regulation mechanism of E2F3 and circ-0075804 in RB. The role of E2F3 in RB was determined through E2F3 silencing and loss of expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot, CCK-8, colony formation, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays. The interactions between E2F3 and circ-0075804 were validated through loss and gain function of circ-0075804. Besides, the role of circ-0075804 in RB was determined by several functional assays. And the binding ability between heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and circ-0075804 was verified by RNA pull-down, Western blot, and RT-qPCR assays. The expression of E2F3 was upregulated in RB cell lines. Furthermore, knockdown of E2F3 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in RB. And circ-0075804 positively regulated the expression of E2F3. Moreover, circ-0075804 facilitated cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis. Besides, HNRNPK could bind with circ-0075804 in RB. Finally, knockdown of E2F3 partly rescued the promoting role of circ-0075804 overexpression in RB. Overall, circ-0075804 promotes the proliferation of RB via combining HNRNPK to improve the stability of E2F3, which brings new light for treating RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tingyu Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenzhan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Qadar LT, Baqari SAS, Maab H, Ali Asghar S, Hafeez MS. Recurrent Sporadic Bilateral Retinoblastoma in a Child with 13q Deletion Syndrome. Cureus 2020; 12:e6618. [PMID: 32064198 PMCID: PMC7008771 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
13q syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality in which there is a pathognomic deletion of the genetic material on the long arm (q) of chromosome 13. Phenotypes of this syndrome are variable depending on the location of the deleted segment. The main manifestations of the syndrome include mental retardation, craniofacial dysmorphism, and increased susceptibility to tumors. We report a unique case of recurrent sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma (Rb) in a four-year-old boy carrying 13q (q12q14) interstitial deletion, which was treated successfully via enucleation and chemotherapy. Where most patients with familial Rb receive a single mutated Rb1 allele as the ‘first hit’, a small number of patients encounter interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13, resulting in the loss of the tumor suppressor Rb1 gene and presenting as sporadic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Tul Qadar
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Syed Ali Shazif Baqari
- Pediatric Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, PAK
| | - Hira Maab
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
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Méjécase C, Malka S, Guan Z, Slater A, Arno G, Moosajee M. Practical guide to genetic screening for inherited eye diseases. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2020; 12:2515841420954592. [PMID: 33015543 PMCID: PMC7513416 DOI: 10.1177/2515841420954592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic eye diseases affect around one in 1000 people worldwide for which the molecular aetiology remains unknown in the majority. The identification of disease-causing gene variant(s) allows a better understanding of the disorder and its inheritance. There is now an approved retinal gene therapy for autosomal recessive RPE65-retinopathy, and numerous ocular gene/mutation-targeted clinical trials underway, highlighting the importance of establishing a genetic diagnosis so patients can fully access the latest research developments and treatment options. In this review, we will provide a practical guide to managing patients with these conditions including an overview of inheritance patterns, required pre- and post-test genetic counselling, different types of cytogenetic and genetic testing available, with a focus on next generation sequencing using targeted gene panels, whole exome and genome sequencing. We will expand on the pros and cons of each modality, variant interpretation and options for family planning for the patient and their family. With the advent of genomic medicine, genetic screening will soon become mainstream within all ophthalmology subspecialties for prevention of disease and provision of precision therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Méjécase
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College
London, London, UK
| | - Samantha Malka
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College
London, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
| | - Zeyu Guan
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
| | - Amy Slater
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK
| | - Gavin Arno
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College
London, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS
Trust, London, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Professor, Institute of Ophthalmology,
University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS
Trust, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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36
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Gudiseva HV, Berry JL, Polski A, Tummina SJ, O’Brien JM. Next-Generation Technologies and Strategies for the Management of Retinoblastoma. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121032. [PMID: 31835688 PMCID: PMC6947430 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is an inherited retinal disorder (IRD) caused by the mutation in the RB1 gene or, rarely, by alterations in the MYCN gene. In recent years, new treatment advances have increased ocular and visual preservation in the developed world. The management of RB has improved significantly in recent decades, from the use of external beam radiation to recently, more localized treatments. Determining the underlying genetic cause of RB is critical for timely management decisions. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies have assisted in understanding the molecular pathology of RB. Liquid biopsy of the aqueous humor has also had significant potential implications for tumor management. Currently, patients’ genotypic information, along with RB phenotypic presentation, are considered carefully when making treatment decisions aimed at globe preservation. Advances in molecular testing that improve our understanding of the molecular pathology of RB, together with multiple directed treatment options, are critical for developing precision medicine strategies to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini V. Gudiseva
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Jesse L. Berry
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (J.L.B.); (A.P.)
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ashley Polski
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (J.L.B.); (A.P.)
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Santa J. Tummina
- Office of the Director, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Joan M. O’Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Correspondence: joan.o'; Tel.: +215-662-8657; Fax: +215-662-9676
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Sun G, Su G, Liu F, Han W. NRAS Contributes to Retinoblastoma Progression Through SNHG16/miR-183-5p/NRAS Regulatory Network. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10703-10715. [PMID: 31827328 PMCID: PMC6902855 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The oncogene of wild type neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) has been found to involve in the tumorigenesis of cancers. However, the role of NRAS in retinoblastoma (RB) progression remains largely unknown. Methods The expression levels of NRAS, miR-183-5p and small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay or Western blot assay, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay or flow cytometry, respectively. Transwell assay was used to determine cell migration and invasion abilities. The interaction between miR-183-5p and NRAS or SNHG16 was analyzed using bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results NRAS was elevated in RB tissues and cell lines, knockdown of NRAS could inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion but induced apoptosis in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. NRAS was confirmed to be a target of miR-183-5p and was negatively regulated by miR-183-5p in RB cells. Moreover, overexpressed NRAS reversed miR-183-5p mediated inhibition on RB cell progression. Besides that, SNHG16 directly interacted with miR-183-5p and reduced miR-183-5p expression in RB cells. The suppression of RB cell progression induced by SNHG16 silencing could be partially attenuated by the inhibition of miR-183-5p. Besides that, SNHG16 could regulate NRAS expression through competitively binding to miR-183-5p in RB cells. Conclusion NRAS functioned as an oncogene to contribute to RB progression by SNHG16/miR-183-5p/NRAS regulatory network, indicating a novel and promising therapeutic target for RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
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38
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Berry JL, Polski A, Cavenee WK, Dryja TP, Murphree AL, Gallie BL. The RB1 Story: Characterization and Cloning of the First Tumor Suppressor Gene. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110879. [PMID: 31683923 PMCID: PMC6895859 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The RB1 gene is the first described human tumor suppressor gene and plays an integral role in the development of retinoblastoma, a pediatric malignancy of the eye. Since its discovery, the stepwise characterization and cloning of RB1 have laid the foundation for numerous advances in the understanding of tumor suppressor genes, retinoblastoma tumorigenesis, and inheritance. Knowledge of RB1 led to a paradigm shift in the field of cancer genetics, including widespread acceptance of the concept of tumor suppressor genes, and has provided crucial diagnostic and prognostic information through genetic testing for patients affected by retinoblastoma. This article reviews the long history of RB1 gene research, characterization, and cloning, and also discusses recent advances in retinoblastoma genetics that have grown out of this foundational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse L Berry
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | - Ashley Polski
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Thaddeus P Dryja
- Cogan Eye Pathology Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - A Linn Murphree
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | - Brenda L Gallie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A9, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3A9, Canada.
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A9, Canada.
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Nahon-Esteve S, Martel A, Maschi C, Caujolle JP, Baillif S, Lassalle S, Hofman P. The Molecular Pathology of Eye Tumors: A 2019 Update Main Interests for Routine Clinical Practice. Curr Mol Med 2019; 19:632-664. [DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190726161044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, we have seen constant development of molecular
pathology for the care of patients with cancer. The information obtained from molecular
data has transformed our thinking about the biological diversity of cancers, particularly in
the field of ophthalmic oncology. It has reoriented the way in which therapeutic decisions
and decisions concerning patient surveillance are made, both in the area of pediatric
cancers, including rhabdomyosarcoma and retinoblastoma, and adult cancers, such as
uveal melanoma and lymphomas. A better definition of the molecular classification of
these cancers and of the different biological pathways involved is essential to the
understanding of both the pathologist and the onco-ophthalmologist. Molecular tests
based on targeted or expanded analysis of gene panels are now available. These tests
can be performed with tumor tissue or biofluids (especially blood) to predict the
prognosis of tumors and, above all, the benefit of targeted therapies, immunotherapy or
even chemotherapy. Looking for the BAP1 mutation in uveal melanoma is essential
because of the associated metastatic risk. When treating retinoblastoma, it is mandatory
to assess the heritable status of RB1. Conjunctival melanoma requires investigation into
the BRAF mutation in the case of a locally advanced tumor. The understanding of
genomic alterations, the results of molecular tests and/or other biological tests predictive
of a therapeutic response, but also of the limits of these tests with respect to the
available biological resources, represents a major challenge for optimal patient
management in ophthalmic oncology. In this review, we present the current state of
knowledge concerning the different molecular alterations and therapeutic targets of
interest in ophthalmic oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Martel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Célia Maschi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Sandra Lassalle
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
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Andersch L, Radke J, Klaus A, Schwiebert S, Winkler A, Schumann E, Grunewald L, Zirngibl F, Flemmig C, Jensen MC, Rossig C, Joussen A, Henssen A, Eggert A, Schulte JH, Künkele A. CD171- and GD2-specific CAR-T cells potently target retinoblastoma cells in preclinical in vitro testing. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:895. [PMID: 31500597 PMCID: PMC6732842 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based T cell therapy is in early clinical trials to target the neuroectodermal tumor, neuroblastoma. No preclinical or clinical efficacy data are available for retinoblastoma to date. Whereas unilateral intraocular retinoblastoma is cured by enucleation of the eye, infiltration of the optic nerve indicates potential diffuse scattering and tumor spread leading to a major therapeutic challenge. CAR-T cell therapy could improve the currently limited therapeutic strategies for metastasized retinoblastoma by simultaneously killing both primary tumor and metastasizing malignant cells and by reducing chemotherapy-related late effects. Methods CD171 and GD2 expression was flow cytometrically analyzed in 11 retinoblastoma cell lines. CD171 expression and T cell infiltration (CD3+) was immunohistochemically assessed in retrospectively collected primary retinoblastomas. The efficacy of CAR-T cells targeting the CD171 and GD2 tumor-associated antigens was preclinically tested against three antigen-expressing retinoblastoma cell lines. CAR-T cell activation and exhaustion were assessed by cytokine release assays and flow cytometric detection of cell surface markers, and killing ability was assessed in cytotoxic assays. CAR constructs harboring different extracellular spacer lengths (short/long) and intracellular co-stimulatory domains (CD28/4-1BB) were compared to select the most potent constructs. Results All retinoblastoma cell lines investigated expressed CD171 and GD2. CD171 was expressed in 15/30 primary retinoblastomas. Retinoblastoma cell encounter strongly activated both CD171-specific and GD2-specific CAR-T cells. Targeting either CD171 or GD2 effectively killed all retinoblastoma cell lines examined. Similar activation and killing ability for either target was achieved by all CAR constructs irrespective of the length of the extracellular spacers and the co-stimulatory domain. Cell lines differentially lost tumor antigen expression upon CAR-T cell encounter, with CD171 being completely lost by all tested cell lines and GD2 further down-regulated in cell lines expressing low GD2 levels before CAR-T cell challenge. Alternating the CAR-T cell target in sequential challenges enhanced retinoblastoma cell killing. Conclusion Both CD171 and GD2 are effective targets on human retinoblastoma cell lines, and CAR-T cell therapy is highly effective against retinoblastoma in vitro. Targeting of two different antigens by sequential CAR-T cell applications enhanced tumor cell killing and preempted tumor antigen loss in preclinical testing. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12885-019-6131-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Andersch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, CCCC (Campus Mitte), Invalidenstr. 80, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Klaus
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Schwiebert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Winkler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Schumann
- Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, CCCC (Campus Mitte), Invalidenstr. 80, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Grunewald
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Zirngibl
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Flemmig
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael C Jensen
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Antonia Joussen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Henssen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, CCCC (Campus Mitte), Invalidenstr. 80, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, CCCC (Campus Mitte), Invalidenstr. 80, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, CCCC (Campus Mitte), Invalidenstr. 80, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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FEZF1-AS1 functions as an oncogenic lncRNA in retinoblastoma. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190754. [PMID: 31076545 PMCID: PMC6542757 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) FEZF1 antisense RNA 1 (FEZF1-AS1) has been shown to be up-regulated in tumor tissues and cells, and exerts oncogenic effects on various types of malignancies. However, the expression and function of FEZF1-AS1 was still fully unclear in retinoblastoma. The purpose of our study was to investigate the expression and clinical value of FEZF1-AS1 in retinoblastoma patients, and explore the effect of FEZF1-AS1 on retinoblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In our results, levels of FEZF1-AS1 expression were elevated in retinoblastoma tissue specimens and cell lines compared with adjacent normal retina tissue specimens and human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, respectively. The correlation analysis indicated that high FEZF1-AS1 expression was significantly correlated with present choroidal invasion and optic nerve invasion. Survival analysis suggested that retinoblastoma patients in high FEZF1-AS1 expression group had obviously short disease-free survival (DFS) compared with retinoblastoma patients in low FEZF1-AS1 expression group, and high FEZF1-AS1 expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for DFS in retinoblastoma patients. Loss-of-function study indicated silencing FEZF1-AS1 expression inhibited retinoblastoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration. In conclusion, FEZF1-AS1 functions as an oncogenic lncRNA in retinoblastoma.
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42
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Athavale V, Khetan V. Knudson to embryo selection: A story of the genetics of retinoblastoma. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2019; 8:196-204. [PMID: 30637191 PMCID: PMC6302566 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_37_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma, the most common primary intraocular malignancy of the young, is a prototype hereditary cancer. Due to its fairly predictable Mendelian inheritance, easily examinable tumors, and early age of presentation, RB has served as the most extensively studied model for genetics in cancer. The genetic strides in RB have progressed at an exponential rate since the 1970s. The highly morbid, reasonably curable and distinctly predictable inheritance pattern of RB; not to mention its propensity to affect our young, forms the basis of aggressively encouraging genetic diagnosis in all patients of RB. In this article, we present the basic and clinically relevant concepts of the genetics retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Athavale
- Department of Vitreoretina, Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikas Khetan
- Department of Vitreoretina, Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dimaras H, Corson TW. Retinoblastoma, the visible CNS tumor: A review. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:29-44. [PMID: 29314142 PMCID: PMC6034991 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pediatric ocular cancer retinoblastoma is the only central nervous system (CNS) tumor readily observed without specialized equipment: it can be seen by, and in, the naked eye. This accessibility enables unique imaging modalities. Here, we review this cancer for a neuroscience audience, highlighting these clinical and research imaging options, including fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. We also discuss the subtype of retinoblastoma driven by the MYCN oncogene more commonly associated with neuroblastoma, and consider trilateral retinoblastoma, in which an intracranial tumor arises along with ocular tumors in patients with germline RB1 gene mutations. Retinoblastoma research and clinical care can offer insights applicable to CNS malignancies, and also benefit from approaches developed elsewhere in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Dimaras
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Human Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Timothy W. Corson
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Llavero-Valero P, Garrido-Hermosilla AM, Díaz-Ruiz MC, García Aldana D, Fernández-Teijeiro Álvarez A, Espejo-Arjona F. Giant cell tumour of frontal bone in a patient with bilateral retinoblastoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 94:200-203. [PMID: 30449636 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A case is presented of a 5 year-old patient with bilateral hereditary retinoblastoma treated with radiotherapy in the right eye and enucleation of the left eye. After three years without evidence of progression, the patient presented with a right orbital mass that compromised the frontal bone. After surgical excision, the histology analysis was consistent with a diagnosis of giant cell tumour. Primary orbital bone neoplasms, such as giant cell tumours, are extremely rare. Both radiological and histopathology studies are essential to establish the differential diagnosis of orbital mass lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Llavero-Valero
- UGC Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | - A M Garrido-Hermosilla
- Unidades de Oculoplastia-Órbita y Oncología Ocular, UGC Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España; Unidades de Oculoplastia-órbita, RETICS OftaRed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
| | - M C Díaz-Ruiz
- Unidades de Oculoplastia-Órbita y Oncología Ocular, UGC Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | - D García Aldana
- Unidad de Oncohematología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | | | - F Espejo-Arjona
- Unidades de Oculoplastia-órbita, RETICS OftaRed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Unidades de Retina y Oncología Ocular, UGC Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
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Soliman S, Kletke S, Roelofs K, VandenHoven C, Mckeen L, Gallie B. Precision laser therapy for retinoblastoma. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2018.1478729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Soliman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hospital for Sick children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Stephanie Kletke
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hospital for Sick children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kelsey Roelofs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alberta children hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Cynthia VandenHoven
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hospital for Sick children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leslie Mckeen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hospital for Sick children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brenda Gallie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hospital for Sick children, Toronto, Canada
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Soliman SE, D'Silva CN, Dimaras H, Dzneladze I, Chan H, Gallie BL. Clinical and genetic associations for carboplatin-related ototoxicity in children treated for retinoblastoma: A retrospective noncomparative single-institute experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e26931. [PMID: 29350448 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with retinoblastoma treated with carboplatin chemotherapy risk moderate to severe, irreversible hearing loss. Based on published evidence, we hypothesized that ototoxicity risk is associated with clinical parameters and variants in candidate genes in drug metabolism pathways (methyltransferases [thiopurine S-methyltransferase, TPMT] and [catechol-O-methyltransferase, COMT], and drug transporter ABCC3). PROCEDURE We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of patients with retinoblastoma treated with carboplatin chemotherapy regarding age (at diagnosis and chemotherapy initiation), chemotherapy sessions (cycles number, drug doses, and cumulative carboplatin dose), and hearing loss (defined as ototoxicity ≥grade 2 by at least one classification system). Blood samples were genotyped for genetic variants in TPMT (rs12201199, rs1800460), COMT (rs4646316, rs9332377), and ABCC3 (rs1051640) by quantitative PCR and confirmed by allele-specific PCR. Univariate statistical tests, receiver-operating characteristic analysis, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to examine the association between hearing loss, clinical factors, and variants in candidate genes. RESULTS Audiometric data and stored DNA were available for 71 patients with retinoblastoma (88% carried an RB1 pathogenic variant allele). Median carboplatin cumulative dose was 1,400 mg/m2 (260-5,148 mg/m2 ). Ototoxicity occurred in 18 patients (25%), strongly associated with age at diagnosis (P = 0.01) and age at chemotherapy initiation (OR = 4.99, P = 0.008). The highest likelihood ratio of hearing loss was associated with chemotherapy initiation <4.25 months of age. Ototoxicity was not associated with any tested genetic variants. CONCLUSIONS We observed a 25% prevalence of ototoxicity in patients with retinoblastoma treated with carboplatin, higher than previously published. Age at chemotherapy initiation was associated with carboplatin-induced ototoxicity, with children <4.25 months of age at highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh E Soliman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Crystal N D'Silva
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Helen Dimaras
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Irakli Dzneladze
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Helen Chan
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brenda L Gallie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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AlAli A, Kletke S, Gallie B, Lam WC. Retinoblastoma for Pediatric Ophthalmologists. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2018; 7:160-168. [PMID: 29737052 DOI: 10.22608/apo.201870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma can present in 1 or both eyes and is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood. It is typically initiated by biallelic mutation of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene, leading to malignant transformation of primitive retinal cells. The most common presentation is leukocoria, followed by strabismus. Heritable retinoblastoma accounts for 45% of all cases, with 80% being bilateral. Treatment and prognosis of retinoblastoma is dictated by the disease stage at initial presentation. The 8th Edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNMH (tumor, node, metastasis, heritable trait) staging system defines evidence-based clinical and pathological staging for overall prognosis for eye(s) and child. Multiple treatment options are available in 2018 for retinoblastoma management with a multidisciplinary team, including pediatric ocular oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, genetics, nursing, and social work. Survival exceeds 95% when disease is diagnosed early and treated in centers specializing in retinoblastoma. However, survival rates are less than 50% with extraocular tumor dissemination. We summarize the epidemiology, genetics, prenatal screening, diagnosis, classification, investigations, and current therapeutic options in the management of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa AlAli
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephanie Kletke
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brenda Gallie
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wai-Ching Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Soliman SE, Racher H, Lambourne M, Matevski D, MacDonald H, Gallie B. A novel deep intronic low penetrance RB1 variant in a retinoblastoma family. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 39:288-290. [PMID: 29099630 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2017.1393828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh E Soliman
- a The Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences , Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b The Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Alexandria , Alexandria , Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Heather MacDonald
- a The Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences , Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Brenda Gallie
- a The Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences , Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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Yousef YA, Tbakhi A, Al-Hussaini M, AlNawaiseh I, Saab A, Afifi A, Naji M, Mohammad M, Deebajah R, Jaradat I, Sultan I, Mehyar M. Mutational analysis of the RB1 gene and the inheritance patterns of retinoblastoma in Jordan. Fam Cancer 2017; 17:261-268. [DOI: 10.1007/s10689-017-0027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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