1
|
De Oliveira JM, Dueñas JM, Morales-Vives F, Gallardo-Nieto E. Educational agents and institutions called into action in suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1213751. [PMID: 37780143 PMCID: PMC10539586 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1213751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Suicide is the second leading cause of death in the 15 to 29 age group worldwide, and is a severe public health problem. Adolescent and young adult individuals attend educational institutions which can play an essential role in detecting and preventing suicide. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to identify what educational institutions and agents are called into action in suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention. Methods The method of systematic review of the literature based on the PRISMA protocol was used. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020189127). The systematic review yielded 66 articles published between 1990 and February 2023. Results The results show that a wide variety of educational stakeholders are required to intervene for suicide prevention, interventions and postvention between primary education and college. The study describes the different programs that have been provided, the countries in which they have been implemented and the agents who have been targeted. It also identifies gaps in the research on suicide in the educational field. Discussion Overall, educational suicide initiatives report positive effects on participants' understanding, attitudes, and beliefs regarding suicide and suicide prevention, although some studies have expressed some caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge-Manuel Dueñas
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Psychology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fabia Morales-Vives
- Research Center for Behavior Assessment, Psychology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ben Abderrahim S, Belhaj A, Bellali M, Hmandi O, Gharbaoui M, Harzallah H, Naceur Y, Ben Khelil M, Allouche M. Patterns of Unnatural Deaths Among Children and Adolescents: Autopsy Study (2011-2018). Pediatr Dev Pathol 2022; 25:635-644. [PMID: 36503303 DOI: 10.1177/10935266221132884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The problem of unnatural death in children is still relevant because of their vulnerability. This work aimed to describe the epidemiological profile and patterns of these medicolegal deaths in children and adolescents in northern Tunisia. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study from January 2011 to December 2018, within the Forensic Department of Charles Nicolle Hospital in Tunis. All children who died of unnatural causes were included (767 cases). RESULTS An overall male predominance was observed (sex ratio = 2.4). Accidental deaths represent the most common manner of death (81.4%) involving most frequently domestic accidents occurring in children aged between 1 and 4 years. In cases of suicide, the highest risk profile was a female child aged between 15 and 18 years. The suicide occurred most often in the victim's home with hanging representing the common means of suicide. For the criminal form, the most common means in those cases were stabbing and blunt injuries. CONCLUSION Our study delivered a broad picture of unnatural deaths among children in Tunisia. These deaths, largely absent from child survival initiatives presently on the global agenda, can be prevented if they are addressed strategically, as their injury prevention strategies differ from adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Ben Abderrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Azza Belhaj
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bellali
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ons Hmandi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Gharbaoui
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hana Harzallah
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Habib Bougatfa University Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Yomn Naceur
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia.,Regional Hospital Béja, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Ben Khelil
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Allouche
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eskin M, Köskün T, Harlak H. Beliefs about suicide prevention by excluding the phenomenon versus the person: The role of cultural orientation, attitudes towards suicide, and social reactions to suicidal persons in Turkish university students. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:83-90. [PMID: 35028943 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Eskin
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tolga Köskün
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Hacer Harlak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chan PPK, Chen CY, Ayache H, Louie L, Lok A, Cheung N, Cheung RTH. Gait difference between children aged 9 to 12 with and without potential depressive mood. Gait Posture 2022; 91:126-130. [PMID: 34688209 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that depression has an impact on both temporal spatial parameters and walking kinematics in adults. Given the difference in the walking biomechanics between adults and children, this study aimed to compare the gait difference in children aged 9-12 with and without potential depressive mood (PDM). METHODS 49 children were recruited from local primary schools. We measured participants' depression level using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and classified them into control (i.e., DASS depression subscale score = 0.6 ± 1.4; n = 23) or PDM group (i.e., DASS depression subscale score = 21.3 ± 5.3; n = 26). Video gait analysis was employed to assess temporal spatial parameters and sagittal plane kinematics during self-paced overground walking. Independent t tests or Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the gait parameters between the two groups. RESULTS Participants exhibited similar gait speed, vertical oscillation of the centre of mass, stance time, swing time, step length, upper and lower limb kinematics between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, children with PDM displayed a greater head flexion than controls (p = 0.026; Cohen's d = 0.66; moderate effect). SIGNIFICANCE Children with PDM may present a more slumped posture during walking when compared with their counterparts. This kinematics difference can potentially be used as a biomechanical marker for detection of mood problems in this cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter P K Chan
- Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Hussein Ayache
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Lobo Louie
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alan Lok
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Nathan Cheung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Roy T H Cheung
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eichinger T, Marte E, Thun-Hohenstein L, Santner F, Plattner B. Akutversorgung psychisch kranker Kinder und Jugendlicher: Eine Pilotstudie an 257 PatientInnen. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE 2021; 35:199-205. [PMID: 33721220 PMCID: PMC8651577 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-021-00389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fragestellung Nicht bewältigte Entwicklungsaufgaben, schwierige soziale Rahmenbedingungen, aber auch psychische Erkrankungen können in Krisen münden, die zu einer Akutvorstellung an der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie (KJP) führen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es eine repräsentative Inanspruchnahmepopulation akut vorstelliger Patienten zu untersuchen, um einen Überblick über die Nutzung des akutpsychiatrischen Angebotes in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie zu erhalten. Methodik Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Analyse der aus dem Ersteinschätzungsblatt und aus dem Krankenhaus internen Datenverarbeitungssystem erhobenen Daten. Untersucht wurden akut vorstellige Kinder und Jugendliche an Salzburgs einzigem Akutspital mit Unterbringungsbereich für diese Altersgruppe. Ergebnisse Von den 257 vorstelligen Patienten waren 53,7 % weiblich. Signifikant häufiger werden Jungen wegen externalisierender Symptome oder Außenfaktoren, Mädchen hingegen wegen suizidaler Symptome vorstellig. Zumeist bestehen die Symptome länger als eine Woche, bei einem Teil der Patienten sogar länger als 6 Monate. 51 % der Kinder und Jugendlichen wurden stationär aufgenommen, 43,2 % aller Vorgestellten nach Unterbringungsgesetz. Im Unterbringungsbereich betrug die Aufenthaltsdauer im Mittel drei Nächte. Schlussfolgerung Viele Kinder und Jugendliche zeigen bei Akutvorstellung eine chronifizierte Symptomatik. Suizidalität war ein häufiger Vorstellungsgrund, weshalb eine Unterbringung oftmals indiziert war. Die Erarbeitung von Akutkonzepten, insbesondere primäre, sekundäre und tertiäre Suizidprävention aber auch der Ausbau von niederschwelligen Anlaufstellen zeigen sich als wesentliche Zukunftsherausforderungen für die Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie in Österreich. Zusatzmaterial online Zusätzliche Informationen sind in der Online-Version dieses Artikels (10.1007/s40211-021-00389-7) enthalten.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth Marte
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) - Universitätsklinikum der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Ignaz Harrerstraße 79, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Leonhard Thun-Hohenstein
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) - Universitätsklinikum der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Ignaz Harrerstraße 79, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Franz Santner
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) - Universitätsklinikum der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Ignaz Harrerstraße 79, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Belinda Plattner
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) - Universitätsklinikum der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Ignaz Harrerstraße 79, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rukundo GZ, Mpango RS, Ssembajjwe W, Gadow KD, Patel V, Kinyanda E. Prevalence and risk factors for youth suicidality among perinatally infected youths living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda: the CHAKA study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2020; 14:41. [PMID: 33110444 PMCID: PMC7585678 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-020-00348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research from high income countries indicates that suicide is a major mental health care concern and a leading cause of preventable deaths among children and adolescents. Proper assessment and management of youth suicidality is crucial in suicide prevention, but little is known about its prevalence and associated risk factors in Sub-Saharan Africa. In low income countries there is an increased risk of suicide among persons with HIV/AIDS even in the presence of the highly active antiretroviral therapy. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for youth suicidality among perinatally infected youth living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. METHODS We studied 392 HIV positive children (5-11 years) and adolescents (12-17 years) and their caregivers in Kampala and Masaka districts. Caregivers were administered the suicide assessment section of the MINI International Psychiatric Interview. Socio-demographic characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, and psychosocial and clinical factors were assessed and suicidality (suicidal ideation and or suicidal attempt) was the outcome variable. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios adjusting for study site and sex at 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Caregivers reported a suicidality rate of 10.7% (CI 8-14.1) in the past one month with higher rates among urban female (12.4%, CI 8.6-17.7) than male (8.7%, CI 5.4-13.8) youth. Lifetime prevalence of attempted suicide was 2.3% (n = 9, CI 1.2-4.4) with the highest rates among urban female youth. Among children, caregivers reported a lifetime prevalence of attempted suicide of 1.5%. The self-reported rate of attempted suicide in the past month was 1.8% (n = 7, CI 0.8-3.7) with lifetime prevalence of 2.8% (n = 11, CI 1.6-5.0). The most common methods used during suicide attempts were cutting, taking overdose of HIV medications, use of organophosphates, hanging, stabbing and self-starvation. Clinical correlates of suicidality were low socioeconomic status (OR = 2.27, CI 1.06-4.87, p = 0.04), HIV felt stigma (OR = 2.10, CI 1.04-3.00, p = 0.02), and major depressive disorder (OR = 1.80, CI 0.48-2.10, p = 0.04). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was protective against suicidality (OR = 0.41, CI 0.18-0.92, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION The one-month prevalence of suicidality among CA-HIV was 10.7%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Richard Stephen Mpango
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda ,MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Mental Health Project, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Wilber Ssembajjwe
- Statistical Section, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Kenneth D. Gadow
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Vikram Patel
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eugene Kinyanda
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Mental Health Project, Entebbe, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bilgiç A, Çelikkol Sadıç Ç, Kılınç İ, Akça ÖF. Exploring the association between depression, suicidality and serum neurotrophin levels in adolescents. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2020; 24:143-150. [PMID: 32027188 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1723643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify potential differences in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NTF3) levels in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to healthy controls. The possible relationship between serum neurotrophin levels and suicidality in adolescents with MDD was also addressed.Methods: A total of 70 treatment-free adolescents with MDD and 40 healthy controls aged 11 to 19 years were enrolled. The severity of suicidality was determined using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale, and the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms were evaluated by self-report inventories. Serum levels of neurotrophins were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The mean serum BDNF levels were significantly higher in adolescents with MDD than in control subjects; no significant difference was found between the groups for serum GDNF, NGF and NTF3 levels. No correlations were found between the levels of serum neurotrophins and the severity of depression or suicidality.Conclusions: The study results suggest that elevated serum BDNF levels may be related to MDD in adolescents. However, our findings did not support a role for neurotrophins in suicidality.Key pointsSerum BDNF levels were higher in adolescents with MDD than in controls.No significant alterations of serum levels of GDNF, NGF and NTF3 were evident in adolescents with MDD.Neurotrophin levels were not associated with suicidal ideation and behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Bilgiç
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Çağla Çelikkol Sadıç
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kılınç
- Department of Biochemistry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Akça
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wonde M, Mulat H, Birhanu A, Biru A, Kassew T, Shumet S. The magnitude of suicidal ideation, attempts and associated factors of HIV positive youth attending ART follow ups at St. Paul's hospital Millennium Medical College and St. Peter's specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224371. [PMID: 31689299 PMCID: PMC6830816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide which is considered a psychiatric emergency, is a serious cause of mortality worldwide. Youth living with HIV/AIDS (YLWHA) have higher rates of suicidal behavior than the general public. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of suicide ideation and attempt among the Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV) positive youth attending anti-retroviral therapy (ART) follow up at St. Paul`s hospital Millennium Medical College and St. Peter`s specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 413 HIV positive youth were recruited for interviews, using the systematic random sampling technique. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess suicide. PHQ-9, the Oslo social support and HIV perceived stigma scale instruments were used to assess the factors. We computed bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regressions to assess factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempt. Statistical significance was declared at P-value <0.05. Result The magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempts were found to be 27.1% and 16.9%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, female sex (adjusted odd ratio(AOR) = 3.1, 95% CI, 1.6–6.0), family death (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI 1.15–3.85), WHO clinical stage III of HIV (AOR = 3.1 95% CI 1.3–7.35), WHO clinical stage IV of HIV (AOR = 4.76, 95%CI, 1.3–7.35), co-morbid depression (AOR = 7.14, 95%CI, 3.9–12.9), and perceived HIV stigma (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI, 2.27–8.2) were significantly associated with suicidal ideation, whereas female sex (AOR = 4.12, 95%CI, 1.82–9.78), opportunistic infections (AOR = 3.1, 95%CI, 1.6–6.04), WHO clinical stage III of HIV (AOR = 3.1 95%CI 1.24–7.81), co-morbid depression (AOR = 5.6 95% CI, 2.8–11.1), and poor social support (AOR = 3.4, 95%CI, 1.2–9.4) were statistically significant with suicidal attempt. The result suggests that the magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempts among HIV positive youth were high. We recommend that clinicians consider youth with comorbid depression, perceived HIV stigma and poor social support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mesele Wonde
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Haregewoin Mulat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Birhanu
- Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aynalem Biru
- Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Kassew
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Shegaye Shumet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jung KY, Kim T, Hwang SY, Lee TR, Yoon H, Shin TG, Sim MS, Cha WC, Jeon HJ. Deliberate Self-harm among Young People Begins to Increase at the Very Early Age: a Nationwide Study. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e191. [PMID: 30034304 PMCID: PMC6052326 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide in young people is one of most common cause of death; and deliberate self-harm (DSH) is important indicator of suicide. It is currently unclear how old the rate begins to increase or when it reaches to the same level with adults. The purpose of this study was to find beginning age of DSH and compare their characteristics with adults. METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed 5 years of nationwide prospective registry named Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance (EDIIS) registry composed of all injured patients who were admitted to twenty tertiary university hospital emergency departments. Injured patients aged 29 years or younger from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015 were included. Incidence rate of DSH in all age was described. Patients were stratified by age: early teenage (11-15 years), late teenage (16-19 years), and early adulthood (20-29 years). Data of early teenage group were compared to those of other groups for examining their characteristics. RESULTS Among 588,549 injury patients, 8,400 patients reported DSH. The rate began to rise at age 11 and reach at age 16 which was equivalent to that of age 20 to 29. Early teenage had significantly higher excess mortality ratio based injury severity score (EMR-ISS) and had almost same level without significant difference in operation incidence or mortality compared to late teenage and early adulthood. CONCLUSION DSH rate began to rise at age 11, reaching adulthood level at age 16 in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Yul Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taerim Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Rim Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Yoon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Gun Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Seob Sim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Chul Cha
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee G, Han K, Kim H. Risk of mental health problems in adolescents skipping meals: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010 to 2012. Nurs Outlook 2017; 65:411-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
11
|
Rohden AI, Benchaya MC, Camargo RS, Moreira TDC, Barros HM, Ferigolo M. Dropout Prevalence and Associated Factors in Randomized Clinical Trials of Adolescents Treated for Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Ther 2017; 39:971-992.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
12
|
Sukhawaha S, Arunpongpaisal S, Hurst C. Development and psychometric properties of the Suicidality of Adolescent Screening Scale (SASS) using Multidimensional Item Response Theory. Psychiatry Res 2016; 243:431-8. [PMID: 27450746 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Suicide prevention in adolescents by early detection using screening tools to identify high suicidal risk is a priority. Our objective was to build a multidimensional scale namely "Suicidality of Adolescent Screening Scale (SASS)" to identify adolescents at risk of suicide. An initial pool of items was developed by using in-depth interview, focus groups and a literature review. Initially, 77 items were administered to 307 adolescents and analyzed using the exploratory Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) to remove unnecessary items. A subsequent exploratory factor analysis revealed 35 items that collected into 4 factors: Stressors, Pessimism, Suicidality and Depression. To confirm this structure, a new sample of 450 adolescents were collected and confirmatory MIRT factor analysis was performed. The resulting scale was shown to be both construct valid and able to discriminate well between adolescents that had, and hadn't previous attempted suicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supattra Sukhawaha
- Prasrimahabhodi Psychiatric Hospital, 212 Jangsanit Rd, Meung District, Ubonratchathani, Thailand.
| | - Suwanna Arunpongpaisal
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kean University, 123 Mittapap Rd., Muang District, Khon Kean, Thailand
| | - Cameron Hurst
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Rd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gokalp G, Anil M, Bal A, Bicilioglu Y, Kamit Can F, Anil AB. Factors affecting the decision to hospitalise children admitted to the emergency department due to non-fatal suicide attempts by pills. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:731-5. [PMID: 27375723 PMCID: PMC4928432 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.323.9765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Suicide attempts (SAs) in the paediatric age group represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to examine the factors affecting the decision to hospitalize children with a diagnosis of non-fatal SA by pills. Methods: Children <18 years of age admitted with SA by pills during 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: Group-I comprised hospitalised patients and Group-II included those who were discharged from the PED. These two groups were compared in terms of clinical and demographic characteristics recorded upon PED admission. Results: A total of 196 patients were included in the study. The number of pills taken for self-poisoning in Group-I (median: 20 pills) was higher than that in Group-II (median: 12 pills) (p < 0.001), and the rate of pathological findings during the first paediatric psychiatric consultation was higher in Group-I (91.1%) than in the Group-II (54.8%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Factors affecting the disposition decision in cases of children who performed non-fatal SA via pills included the amount of medication taken for the suicide attempt and the presence of psychiatric disorders, as determined by a paediatric psychiatrist during the acute phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Gokalp
- Gamze Gokalp, MD. Pediatric Emergency Department, Izmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Anil
- Murat Anil, MD. Associate Professor, Pediatric Emergency Department, Izmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alkan Bal
- Alkan Bal, MD. Pediatric Emergency Department, Izmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yuksel Bicilioglu
- Yuksel Bicilioglu, MD. Pediatric Emergency Department, Izmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fulya Kamit Can
- Fulya Kamit Can, MD. Pediatric Intensive Care Clinic, Izmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayse Berna Anil
- Ayse Berna Anil, MD. Associate Professor, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Intensive Care Clinic of Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sukhawaha S, Arunpongpaisal S, Rungreangkulkij S. Attempted Suicide Triggers in Thai Adolescent Perspectives. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2016; 30:334-41. [PMID: 27256938 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study goal was to describe attempted suicide triggers in Thai adolescents. A descriptive exploratory qualitative study approach was used utilizing in-depth interviews with twelve adolescents who had attempted suicide and six of their parents. Content analysis was conducted. Attempted suicide triggers were (1) severe verbal criticisms and expulsion to die by a significant family member, (2) disappointed and unwanted by boyfriend in first serious relationship, (3) unwanted pregnancy, and (4) mental illness leading to intense emotions and irresistible impulses. These attempted suicide triggers should be of concern and brought into suicide prevention management programs such as emotional management, effective communication for adolescents and family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supattra Sukhawaha
- Department of depression research and information system, Prasrimahabodi Psychiatric hospital, Ubonratchathani, Thailand.
| | - Suwanna Arunpongpaisal
- Department of psychiatry, Facultry of Medicine, Khon kean university, Khon kean, Thailand.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhosle SH, Zanjad NP, Dake MD, Godbole HV. Deaths due to hanging among adolescents - A 10-year retrospective study. J Forensic Leg Med 2015; 29:30-3. [PMID: 25572082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to analyze various factors associated with death due to hanging among adolescents and to identify the areas of intervention for preventing such deaths. A retrospective study was carried out on 51 cases of adolescent deaths due to hanging, the autopsies of which were conducted by the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dr Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Nanded, Maharashtra State (India), during the period between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2010. In the present study, death by hanging among the adolescent age group was most commonly suicidal (96.08%) in nature, and only two (3.92%) cases of deaths due to accidental hanging were observed. Of the total number of suicidal deaths due to hanging among adolescents, the majority (80.39%) were among the older adolescent (15-19 years) age group. Rope and clothing items were commonly used ligature materials for committing suicide by hanging. Females outnumbered male victims (M:F ratio 1:1.13) among adolescents, contrary to the male preponderance observed among victims of the older age group (M:F ratio 1:0.44). Most of the suicidal deaths due to hanging (83.67%) among adolescents were observed at the victims' home. The predisposing and precipitating factors observed were domestic strife, examination-related stress, and physical and psychological illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Bhosle
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Dr Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Nanded, Maharashtra 431601, India.
| | - N P Zanjad
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Dr Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Nanded, Maharashtra 431601, India
| | - M D Dake
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Dr Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Nanded, Maharashtra 431601, India
| | - H V Godbole
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Dr Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Nanded, Maharashtra 431601, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Naidoo SS, Gathiram P, Schlebusch L. Effectiveness of a Buddy intervention support programme for suicidal behaviour in a primary care setting. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2014.980159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
17
|
Gender-specific factors of suicide ideation among adolescents in the Republic of Korea: a nationally representative population-based study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2013; 27:253-9. [PMID: 24070995 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to explore the differences in the rates of suicide ideation (SI) between male and female youths, and to investigate gender-specific factors strongly associated with SI. This study analyzed nationally representative secondary data, the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected over a 3 year period (2007-2009) (N=2358; youths aged 12-18 years). Significant differences in characteristics between adolescents with and without SI were analyzed using either t-test or chi-square test. After adjusting for demographics (i.e., age, monthly household income, and family intactness), gender-specific factors associated with SI were examined using multivariate logistic regression. Current research reveals that (a) the prevalence of SI is higher among female adolescents than among their male counterparts, (b) depression and stress are strong factors in both males and females, and (c) psychological counseling and experimentation with smoking and drinking are strong factors among females only. Different factors influencing SI between males and females should be considered when identifying youths at risk for SI and providing targeted interventions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Freuchen A, Kjelsberg E, Grøholt B. Suicide or accident? A psychological autopsy study of suicide in youths under the age of 16 compared to deaths labeled as accidents. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2012; 6:30. [PMID: 22971572 PMCID: PMC3526543 DOI: 10.1186/1753-2000-6-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present paper, we describe suicide in youths under 16 years of age and compare their risk factors for suicide to those of older adolescents as described in the literature. Furthermore, we evaluate the possible mislabeling of suicides as accidents, and vice versa. METHOD We used the data from a nationwide psychological autopsy of youths 15 years and younger who had committed suicide or died in accidents in Norway from 1993 to 2004 (n = 84). We additionally constructed a suicide index to distinguish between the two causes of death. RESULTS The young suicide victims presented, with little gender difference, fewer obvious risk factors and less suicide intent than commonly described for older adolescents. The suicide index distinguished quite well between suicides and accidents, with few cases indicating a possible mislabeling, although some suicide cases could have been labeled as uncertain. CONCLUSION In line with previous research, suicides in 11-15-year-olds have many similarities to suicides in older adolescents in terms of external circumstances, but they present less apparent warning signs. In our total sample of 84 deaths, there were few indications of incorrect labeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Freuchen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ellen Kjelsberg
- Centre for Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, N-0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Grøholt
- Institute of clinical medicine, Faculty of medicine, University of Oslo, N-0361, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
AIM This paper considers the suicide mortality trends from 1990-2009 in young people aged 15 to 19 years in Lithuania. METHODS Suicide and injury mortality data, plus mortality data from all causes, were used to compare the trend lines. RESULTS Suicide mortality rate in young people aged 15-19 years and in all population showed a rising trend from 1990, and then a decreasing trend from 2002 year. This trend was significant exclusively in boys. When comparing suicide deaths as a percentage of injury deaths and of all deaths in the age group 15-19 years, rising trends for boys were evident, whilst in girls, there was no evidence of change. CONCLUSIONS In Lithuania, from early 1990s, the frequency of suicide increased amongst adults and young people aged 15-19 years. After 2002, a decrease in deaths by suicide was observed both for the whole population and for young people aged 15-19 years. The rise and fall was obvious for boys. The reasons for different trends may have been influenced by the political and socioeconomic instability in the 1990-2002 period, and the socioeconomic stability, together with active preventive measures, from 2002. Although the consumption of modern Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increased during the same time, suicide mortality was again high during the economic crisis in 2008-2009.
Collapse
|
20
|
Naninck EFG, Lucassen PJ, Bakker J. Sex differences in adolescent depression: do sex hormones determine vulnerability? J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:383-92. [PMID: 21418338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common, costly and severe psychopathologies worldwide. Its incidence, however, differs significantly between the sexes, and depression rates in women are twice those of men. Interestingly, this sex difference emerges during adolescence. Although the adolescent period is characterised by major physical and behavioural transformations, it is unclear why the incidence of depression increases so dramatically in girls during this otherwise generally healthy developmental period. Although psychological and environmental factors are also involved, we discuss the neuroendocrinological factors determining adolescent vulnerability to depression. In particular, we address the role of sex steroids in mood regulation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis maturation and sexual differentiation of the brain, with a focus on hippocampal plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E F G Naninck
- Centre for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cooper GD, Clements PT, Holt K. A review and application of suicide prevention programs in high school settings. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2011; 32:696-702. [PMID: 21992261 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2011.597911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Teen suicide is a terrible tragedy and is the third leading cause of death among high school children aged 14 to 19. School based intervention programs have been regarded as an effective and essential means of addressing this problem. A comprehensive review of the extant literature provides examination of the risk and protective factors of suicide in this age group, the development of these programs, the current state of the science and recommendations for enhanced assessment and intervention.
Collapse
|
22
|
Greydanus D, Patel D, Pratt H. Suicide risk in adolescents with chronic illness: implications for primary care and specialty pediatric practice: a review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010; 52:1083-7. [PMID: 20813018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Suicide in adolescents is a global tragedy. Research-identified correlates of suicide in youth include depression, academic failure, loss of friends, social isolation, and substance abuse, among others. This review focuses on the potential link between chronic illness in adolescents and increased suicide risk. Research suggests that chronic illness is a risk factor for depression in adolescents that may induce suicide ideation and attempts; however, this risk may be increased even more in young adulthood if the underlying causes of depression are not resolved. This risk needs to be considered against the research data noting an increase in suicide attempts and completions, in each decade of life from adolescence into adulthood. Although more research is clearly needed, it can be concluded that suicide risks are seen in adolescents with chronic illness and all of these young people should be screened for depression and other risk factors for suicide on a regular basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Greydanus
- The Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University/Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-1284, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Abstract Suicide is a major public health concern. The etiology and pathogenic mechanisms associated with suicidal behavior are poorly understood. Recent research on the biological perspective of suicide has gained momentum and appears to provide a promising approach for identifying potential risk factors associated with this disorder. One of the areas that have gained the most attention in suicide research is the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which participates in many physiological functions in the brain, including synaptic and structural plasticity. Several studies consistently show that expression of BDNF is reduced in blood cells of suicidal patients and in brains of subjects who committed suicide. Recent studies also demonstrate abnormalities in the functioning of BDNF, because its cognate receptors (tropomycin receptor kinase B and pan75 neurotrophin receptor) are abnormally active and/or expressed in the post-mortem brains of suicide subjects. There is further evidence of the role of BDNF in suicide as numerous studies show a strong association of suicidal behavior with BDNF functional polymorphism. Overall, it appears that abnormalities in BDNF signaling may serve as an important biological risk factor in the etiology and pathogenesis of suicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Dwivedi
- Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|