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Vigo M, Barría C, Nadal M, Pauly M, Colmenero AI, Garcia-Barcelona S, Navarro J. Feeding strategies of the pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) in the western Mediterranean Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 200:106651. [PMID: 39059121 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Elasmobranchs play crucial roles as predators in marine ecosystems. Understanding their trophic strategies and interactions is necessary for comprehending food web dynamics and developing ecosystem-based management strategies. Although, feeding strategies can change depending on several factors, including fluctuations in prey availability throughout the year. In this study, we investigated the trophic ecology of the pelagic stingray, Pteroplatytrygon violacea, the only stingray inhabiting the pelagic environment in the western Mediterranean Sea. We found significant temporal differences in diet composition, mostly consuming pelagic zooplankton in spring, whereas benthopelagic teleosts in autumn. After contrasting different studies, P. violacea appears to have a generalist and opportunistic diet consisting of a broad spectrum of pelagic and benthopelagic species, and trophic plasticity in response to environmental fluctuations. Our findings suggest that P. violacea can present different feeding strategies, mainly pelagic, with a relatively low trophic position for a mesopredator compared to other batoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vigo
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Integrative Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Claudio Barría
- Association for the Study and Conservation of Elasmobranchs and its Ecosystems (Catsharks), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Nadal
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matxalen Pauly
- Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga (IEO), CSIC, Fuengirola, Spain
| | - Ana I Colmenero
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Association for the Study and Conservation of Elasmobranchs and its Ecosystems (Catsharks), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joan Navarro
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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Deng N, Caixia L, Ma F, Song Q, Tian Y. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220791. [PMID: 38152580 PMCID: PMC10752000 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a vital component of arbor forests, understory vegetation serves as an essential buffer zone for storing carbon due to its strong capacity for community regeneration. This study aimed to identify the diversity pattern and construction mechanism of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii understory vegetation based on large-scale sample surveys. The Bayesian Information Criterion value of species abundance distribution (SAD) indicated that the Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot models were the best-fitting models. The SAD and gambin fitting results suggested that the Pi. elliottii community had a more balanced structure, with most species being relatively abundant. The multiple regression tree model detected four and six indicator species in P. orientalis and Pi. elliottii communities, respectively. The α-diversity index increased with a rise in altitude and showed a wavy curve with latitude. Linear regression between the β diversity and environmental and geographic distance indicated that the P. orientalis and Pi. elliottii understory communities tended to be dominated by different ecological processes. The partition of β diversity indicated that both communities were dominated by turnover processes, which were caused by environmental classification or spatial constraints. This study helped to understand the diversity maintenance in the P. orientalis and Pi. elliottii understory vegetation communities, and will benefit for diversity restoration and conservation of pure conifer forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Deng
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, No. 658 Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- Hunan Cili Forest Ecosystem State Research Station, Cili, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Caixia
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, No. 658 Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- Hunan Cili Forest Ecosystem State Research Station, Cili, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Fengfeng Ma
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, No. 658 Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- Hunan Cili Forest Ecosystem State Research Station, Cili, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Qingan Song
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, No. 658 Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- Hunan Cili Forest Ecosystem State Research Station, Cili, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Tian
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, No. 658 Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
- Hunan Cili Forest Ecosystem State Research Station, Cili, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
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Galmarini E, Vaccarelli I, Fiasca B, Di Cicco M, Parise M, Liso IS, Piccini L, Galassi DMP, Cerasoli F. Regional climate contributes more than geographic distance to beta diversity of copepods (Crustacea Copepoda) between caves of Italy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21243. [PMID: 38040911 PMCID: PMC10692170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the study of subterranean biodiversity facing harsh sampling and mapping challenges, the huge diversity of taxa, ecological adaptations and evolutionary trajectories in subterranean environments is gaining increasing attention. Yet, the spatial and environmental factors driving the composition of groundwater communities are still poorly understood. To partially fill this knowledge gap, we collected copepod crustaceans from 12 caves along the Italian peninsula between 2019 and 2022, sampling each cave twice. The resulting presence-absence data were analysed to assess: (i) between-cave taxonomic beta diversity, also partitioning between turnover and nestedness-resultant dissimilarity; (ii) the relative weight of geographic distance and climatic differences in shaping observed beta diversity. Seventy-one species of copepods were collected overall. Pairwise beta diversity was high for most pairs of caves, with turnover being the major component. Geographic distance-decay models partially explained total beta diversity and turnover patterns. However, in Generalized Dissimilarity Models (GDM), including surface climatic conditions as predictors, the contribution of seasonal temperature averages was generally higher than that of geographic distance. Further, the explanatory and predictive performance of the GDMs notably increased, along with temperature contribution, when widening the spatial extent from which climate data were gathered. Our results confirmed a high spatial turnover in groundwater copepods' assemblages and strengthened the link between regional climate and subterranean biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Galmarini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vaccarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- University Institute of Higher Studies in Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Fiasca
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mattia Di Cicco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mario Parise
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Serena Liso
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Piccini
- Department of Earth Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cerasoli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Karin BR, Krone IW, Frederick J, Hamidy A, Laksono WT, Amini SS, Arida E, Arifin U, Bach BH, Bos C, Jennings CK, Riyanto A, Scarpetta SG, Stubbs AL, McGuire JA. Elevational surveys of Sulawesi herpetofauna 1: Gunung Galang, Gunung Dako Nature Reserve. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15766. [PMID: 37637176 PMCID: PMC10448876 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Indonesian island of Sulawesi has a unique geology and geography, which have produced an astoundingly diverse and endemic flora and fauna and a fascinating biogeographic history. Much biodiversity research has focused on the regional endemism in the island's Central Core and on its four peninsulas, but the biodiversity of the island's many upland regions is still poorly understood for most taxa, including amphibians and reptiles. Here, we report the first of several planned full-mountain checklists from a series of herpetological surveys of Sulawesi's mountains conducted by our team. In more than 3 weeks of work on Gunung Galang, a 2,254 m peak west of the city of Tolitoli, Sulawesi Tengah Province, on Sulawesi's Northern Peninsula, we recovered nearly fifty species of reptiles and amphibians, more than a dozen of which are either new to science or known but undescribed. The incompleteness of our sampling suggests that many more species remain to be discovered on and around this mountain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Karin
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Isaac W. Krone
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Frederick
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amir Hamidy
- Research Center for Biosystematics, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Tri Laksono
- Research Center for Biosystematics, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sina S. Amini
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Evy Arida
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Umilaela Arifin
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Center for Taxonomy and Morphology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bryan H. Bach
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Collin Bos
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Charlotte K. Jennings
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Awal Riyanto
- Research Center for Biosystematics, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Simon G. Scarpetta
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Alexander L. Stubbs
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jimmy A. McGuire
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Alí Santoro V, Carol E, Kandus P. Vegetation changes in coastal wetlands of the outer estuary of the Río de la Plata as a result of anthropic-induced hydrological modifications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161325. [PMID: 36603621 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Samborombón Bay in Argentina is one of the largest coastal wetlands of South America. The Ajó wetlands are located to the south of Samborombón Bay and despite being protected natural areas, the land is privately owned and used for extensive cattle ranching where producers build embankments to reclaim salt marshes land and expand cattle grazing areas. The aim of this study is to identify the occurrence of embankments in the landscape of the Ajó coastal wetlands, to describe their effect on-plant communities' structure (composition and species abundances), and environmental features (soil and water physical and chemical variables). Embankments were mapped using satellite images and aerial photographs. Based on the mapping, 7 sampling areas of marshes with embankments were selected for the study of vegetation, water, and soil. Each sampling area has an embankment that interrupts a tidal channel dividing the marsh into two sectors, one connected to the tidal flow and the other disconnected. Vegetation and soil sampling were performed along a transect covering 3 relative topography levels (High salt marshes, Low salt marshes, and Mudflat-tidal channel) on each side. The results show that embankments and livestock activity modify the plant community structure and environmental features. Disconnected marshes compared to connected ones have a higher abundance of grassland species, freshwater species, salt-tolerant species, and exotic species. Surface water has a greater range of variability in electrical conductivity and the majority ions and soil salinity is higher in disconnected high marshes than in connected ones. In a context of global change, there is uncertainty about the tendency of these observed changes. In this sense, the study carried out based on the monitoring of vegetation, soils, and water is a relevant tool for detecting environmental impacts in wetlands whose hydrology has been anthropically modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Alí Santoro
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3IA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), San Martín 1650, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Eleonora Carol
- Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas (CIG), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Kandus
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3IA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), San Martín 1650, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Patterns and Driving Factors of Diversity in the Shrub Community in Central and Southern China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate, topography, and human activities are known to influence plant diversity. In the present study, species-abundance distribution (SAD) patterns of the shrub community were fitted, and the mechanism of contribution of 22 driving factors was assessed. The results showed that the α-diversity index exhibited no significant differences between artificial disturbance and the natural community. The Zipf and Zipf–Mandelbrot models were found to exhibit a good SAD fitting of the communities, thereby exhibiting a different diversity structure. It was observed that the SAD followed more than one rule, and the Zipf–Mandelbrot model was better than other models. The gradient boosting model indicated that precipitation in the wettest month, annual precipitation, and slope direction showed the strongest impact on plant richness. The indicator species of the artificial disturbance and natural community were identified from a multiple regression tree. Furthermore, an increase in species diversity was observed with a rise in latitude, exhibiting a single-peaked curve with increased altitude. β-diversity analysis indicated that both habitat filtering and the neutral effect influenced the establishment of the natural community, while the establishment of the artificial disturbance community was only affected by habitat filtering. Our study provides a better understanding of the ecological process of the maintenance of shrub-community diversity.
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Spatial Characterisation of Vegetation Diversity in Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystems Using In-Situ and Sentinel-2 MSI Satellite Data. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14132995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) are under threat from groundwater over-abstraction, which significantly impacts their conservation and sustainable management. Although the socio-economic significance of GDEs is understood, their ecosystem services and ecological significance (e.g., biodiversity hotspots) in arid environments remains understudied. Therefore, under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15, characterizing or identifying biodiversity hotspots in GDEs improves their management and conservation. In this study, we present the first attempt towards the spatial characterization of vegetation diversity in GDEs within the Khakea-Bray Transboundary Aquifer. Following the Spectral Variation Hypothesis (SVH), we used multispectral remotely sensed data (i.e., Sentinel-2 MSI) to characterize the vegetation diversity. This involved the use of the Rao’s Q to measure spectral diversity from several measures of spectral variation and validating the Rao’s Q using field-measured data on vegetation diversity (i.e., effective number of species). We observed that the Rao’s Q has the potential of spatially characterizing vegetation diversity of GDEs in the Khakea-Bray Transboundary Aquifer. Specifically, we discovered that the Rao’s Q was related to field-measured vegetation diversity (R2 = 0.61 and p = 0.00), and the coefficient of variation (CV) was the best measure to derive the Rao’s Q. Vegetation diversity was also used as a proxy for identifying priority conservation areas and biodiversity hotspots. Vegetation diversity was more concentrated around natural pans and along roads, fence lines, and rivers. In addition, vegetation diversity was observed to decrease with an increasing distance (>35 m) from natural pans and simulated an inverse piosphere (i.e., minimal utilization around the natural water pans). We provide baseline information necessary for identifying priority conservation areas within the Khakea-Bray Transboundary Aquifer. Furthermore, this work provides a pathway for resource managers to achieve SDG 15 as well as national and regional Aichi biodiversity targets.
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A suite of ecological indicators for evaluating the integrity of structural eco-complexity in Mexican forests. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2022.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Schramski S, Barbosa de Lima AC. Fruitful exchanges: social networks and food resources amidst change. AGRICULTURE & FOOD SECURITY 2022; 11:15. [PMID: 35194513 PMCID: PMC8853342 DOI: 10.1186/s40066-021-00342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Amazon region of Brazil is known both for its significant biological and cultural diversity. It is also a region, like many parts of the country, marked by food insecurity, even amongst its rural agricultural populations. In a novel approach, this paper addresses the networks of exchanges of local food and their relationship to the agrobiodiversity of traditional riverine peoples' (ribeirinho) households in the Central Amazon. Methodologically, it involves mapping the social networks and affinities between households, inventories of known species, and, finally, statistical tests of the relationships between network and subsequent agrobiodiversity. RESULTS The diversity per area of each land type where food cultivation or management takes place shows how home gardens, fields and orchards are areas of higher diversity and intense cultivation compared to fallow areas. Our findings, however, indicate that a household's income does appear to be strongly associated with the total agrobiodiversity across cultivation areas. In addition, a household's agrobiodiversity is significantly associated with the frequency and intensity of food exchanges between households. CONCLUSIONS Agrobiodiversity cannot be considered separate from the breadth of activities focused on sustenance and yields from the cash economy, which riverine people engage in daily. It seems to be connected to quotidian social interactions and exchanges in both predictable and occasionally subtler ways. Those brokers who serve as prominent actors in rural communities may not always be the most productive or in possession of the largest landholdings, although in some cases they are. Their proclivity for cultivating and harvesting a wide diversity of produce may be equally important if not more so. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40066-021-00342-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Schramski
- Center for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Landscapes, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Ana Carolina Barbosa de Lima
- Center for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Landscapes, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
- Project ECHO, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA
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Biassi DL, Baldissera R, Galiano D, de Souza Rezende R. Effects of Pine Forest Management Practices on Bat Functional Traits in a Subtropical Region. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.2.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Liposki Biassi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó — UNOCHAPECÓ, Rua Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Efapi, CEP 89809-000, Chapecó, SC, Brasil
| | - Ronei Baldissera
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó — UNOCHAPECÓ, Rua Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Efapi, CEP 89809-000, Chapecó, SC, Brasil
| | - Daniel Galiano
- Laboratório de Zoologia, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Realeza. Rua Edmundo Gaievisk, 1000, Zona Rural, CEP 85770000, Realeza, PR, Brasil
| | - Renan de Souza Rezende
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó — UNOCHAPECÓ, Rua Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295-D, Efapi, CEP 89809-000, Chapecó, SC, Brasil
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Baruzzo G, Patuzzi I, Di Camillo B. Beware to ignore the rare: how imputing zero-values can improve the quality of 16S rRNA gene studies results. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 22:618. [PMID: 35130833 PMCID: PMC8822630 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 16S rRNA-gene sequencing is a valuable approach to characterize the taxonomic content of the whole bacterial population inhabiting a metabolic and spatial niche, providing an important opportunity to study bacteria and their role in many health and environmental mechanisms. The analysis of data produced by amplicon sequencing, however, brings very specific methodological issues that need to be properly addressed to obtain reliable biological conclusions. Among these, 16S count data tend to be very sparse, with many null values reflecting species that are present but got unobserved due to the multiplexing constraints. However, current data workflows do not consider a step in which the information about unobserved species is recovered. RESULTS In this work, we evaluate for the first time the effects of introducing in the 16S data workflow a new preprocessing step, zero-imputation, to recover this lost information. Due to the lack of published zero-imputation methods specifically designed for 16S count data, we considered a set of zero-imputation strategies available for other frameworks, and benchmarked them using in silico 16S count data reflecting different experimental designs. Additionally, we assessed the effect of combining zero-imputation and normalization, i.e. the only preprocessing step in current 16S workflow. Overall, we benchmarked 35 16S preprocessing pipelines assessing their ability to handle data sparsity, identify species presence/absence, recovery sample proportional abundance distributions, and improve typical downstream analyses such as computation of alpha and beta diversity indices and differential abundance analysis. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly show that 16S data analysis greatly benefits from a properly-performed zero-imputation step, despite the choice of the right zero-imputation method having a pivotal role. In addition, we identify a set of best-performing pipelines that could be a valuable indication for data analysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Baruzzo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Patuzzi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Microbial Ecology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Padua, Italy
- Research & Development Division, EuBiome S.R.L., Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Camillo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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Brandão H, Lange D, Blanco DR, Kampfert LEP, Ramos IP. Ichthyofauna of Santa Helena Relevant Ecological Interest Area (REIA), Paraná, Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The Relevant Ecological Interest Area (REIA), popularly known as “Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena”, is part of the Atlantic Forest Biome and one of the 78 ecoregions mapped by IBAMA as basic unit for planning priorities focused on national biodiversity conservation. Quarterly collections were carried out from November 2017 to November 2019 to inventory the ichthyofauna of this Conservation Unit. Specimens were captured with the aid of gillnets, fishing sieve and seine. In total, 3,919 specimens belonging to two class, eight orders, 27 families and 74 species were sampled. Characiformes and Siluriformes presented the highest species richness; they accounted for 40 (54%) and 17 (23%) species, respectively. Geophagus sveni (181 individuals = 17%), Trachelyopterus galeatus (109 individuals = 10%) and Schizodon borellii (105 individuals = 10%) were the most abundant fish species captured with gillnet. Moenkhausia was the most abundant genus captured with seine and fishing sieve, with emphasis on species Moenkhausia bonita (930 individuals = 33%) and Moenkhausia gracilima (845 individuals = 30%). Moreover, two “endangered” species (Brycon orbignyanus and Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) were registered. Therefore, we present an updated inventory of species belonging to the ichthyofauna of REIA, and it may contribute to future management plans focused on this Conservation Unit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise Lange
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brasil
| | | | | | - Igor Paiva Ramos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brasil
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Manole D, Selfridge J, Wilson A, Miller L, Price DL. Ants of the Forest and Dune Habitats of an Atlantic Coastal Barrier Island. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/045.028.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Manole
- Salisbury University, 1101 Camden Avenue, Salisbury, MD 21801
| | - Jennifer Selfridge
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, 909 Wye Mills Road, Wye Mills, MD 21679
| | - Abigail Wilson
- Salisbury University, 1101 Camden Avenue, Salisbury, MD 21801
| | - Lien Miller
- Salisbury University, 1101 Camden Avenue, Salisbury, MD 21801
| | - Dana L. Price
- Salisbury University, 1101 Camden Avenue, Salisbury, MD 21801
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Statistical Techniques for Environmental Sciences: A Review. MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/mca26040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the interdisciplinary collaboration between Environmental Sciences and Statistics. The usage of statistical methods as a problem-solving tool for handling environmental problems is the key element of this approach. This paper enhances a clear pavement for environmental scientists as well as quantitative researchers for their further collaborative learning with an analytical base.
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Gupta M, Kaur R, Gupta A, Raychoudhury R. Are ecological communities the seat of endosymbiont horizontal transfer and diversification? A case study with soil arthropod community. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:14490-14508. [PMID: 34765121 PMCID: PMC8571607 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternally inherited endosymbionts of arthropods are one of the most abundant and diverse group of bacteria. These bacterial endosymbionts also show extensive horizontal transfer to taxonomically unrelated hosts and widespread recombination in their genomes. Such horizontal transfers can be enhanced when different arthropod hosts come in contact like in an ecological community. Higher rates of horizontal transfer can also increase the probability of recombination between endosymbionts, as they now share the same host cytoplasm. However, reports of community-wide endosymbiont data are rare as most studies choose few host taxa and specific ecological interactions among the hosts. To better understand endosymbiont spread within host populations, we investigated the incidence, diversity, extent of horizontal transfer, and recombination of three endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Cardinium, and Arsenophonus) in a specific soil arthropod community. Wolbachia strains were characterized with MLST genes whereas 16S rRNA gene was used for Cardinium and Arsenophonus. Among 3,509 individual host arthropods, belonging to 390 morphospecies, 12.05% were infected with Wolbachia, 2.82% with Cardinium and 2.05% with Arsenophonus. Phylogenetic incongruence between host and endosymbiont indicated extensive horizontal transfer of endosymbionts within this community. Three cases of recombination between Wolbachia supergroups and eight incidences of within-supergroup recombination were also found. Statistical tests of similarity indicated supergroup A Wolbachia and Cardinium show a pattern consistent with extensive horizontal transfer within the community but not for supergroup B Wolbachia and Arsenophonus. We highlight the importance of extensive community-wide studies for a better understanding of the spread of endosymbionts across global arthropod communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Gupta
- Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchMohali (IISER‐Mohali)ManauliIndia
| | - Rajbir Kaur
- Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchMohali (IISER‐Mohali)ManauliIndia
- Indian Institute of ScienceBengaluruIndia
| | - Ankita Gupta
- ICAR‐ National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR)BengaluruIndia
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Brito PG, Jovem-Azevêdo D, de Araújo Campos M, Paiva FF, Molozzi J. Performance of richness estimators for invertebrate inventories in reservoirs. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:686. [PMID: 34599687 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological inventories combined with the estimation of species richness represent a useful tool for the analysis of the pattern of species distribution in different regions. This study aimed to (i) comparatively evaluate the performance of non-parametric richness estimators for invertebrate inventories in reservoirs between ecoregions and (ii) to assess whether the efficiency (bias, precision and accuracy indices) of the estimators is altered when applied to sites from different ecoregions. The study was conducted in the ecoregions Central Pediplano of the Borborema Plateau (Paraíba River basin) and Northern Sertaneja Depression (Piranhas-Assu River basin), semiarid region of Brazil. Six reservoirs were selected and benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled at 141 sites distributed along the littoral zone, in 4 periods (June, September, December 2014 and March 2015). The organisms were identified to the family level, except for Chironomidae, identified to the genus level. We comparatively analyzed six non-parametric richness estimators: Jackknife 1, Jackknife 2, Chao1, Chao 2, ICE, and Bootstrap, and three performance indicators: bias, precision, and accuracy. ICE and Jackknife 2 had more stable results for total species richness, but with different performance between ecoregions for bias, precision, and accuracy. Variation in performance of the estimators may be associated with differences in species richness and frequency between ecoregions. ICE and Jackknife 2 proved to be the best estimators for biological inventories of aquatic invertebrates in reservoirs in studies comparing data from different ecoregions, due to accuracy and precision, while Bootstrap is the least indicated, given greater bias and less accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gouveia Brito
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Bentos, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua Baraúnas, nº 351, Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58.429-500, Brazil
| | - Daniele Jovem-Azevêdo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, 58.175-000, Brazil.
| | - Magnólia de Araújo Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, 58.175-000, Brazil
| | - Franciely Ferreira Paiva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua Baraúnas, nº. 351, Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58.429-500, Brazil
| | - Joseline Molozzi
- Departamento de Biologia/ Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia E Conservação, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua Baraúnas, nº. 351, Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58.429-500, Brazil
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17
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Kallow S, Panis B, Vu DT, Vu TD, Paofa J, Mertens A, Swennen R, Janssens SB. Maximizing genetic representation in seed collections from populations of self and cross-pollinated banana wild relatives. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:415. [PMID: 34503446 PMCID: PMC8431884 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conservation of plant genetic resources, including the wild relatives of crops, plays an important and well recognised role in addressing some of the key challenges faced by humanity and the planet including ending hunger and biodiversity loss. However, the genetic diversity and representativeness of ex situ collections, especially that contained in seed collections, is often unknown. This limits meaningful assessments against conservation targets, impairs targeting of future collecting and limits their use. We assessed genetic representation of seed collections compared to source populations for three wild relatives of bananas and plantains. Focal species and sampling regions were M. acuminata subsp. banksii (Papua New Guinea), M. balbisiana (Viet Nam) and M. maclayi s.l. (Bougainville, Papua New Guinea). We sequenced 445 samples using suites of 16-20 existing and newly developed taxon-specific polymorphic microsatellite markers. Samples of each species were from five populations in a region; 15 leaf samples from different individuals and 16 seed samples from one infructescence ('bunch') were analysed for each population. RESULTS Allelic richness of seeds compared to populations was 51, 81 and 93% (M. acuminata, M. balbisiana and M. maclayi respectively). Seed samples represented all common alleles in populations but omitted some rarer alleles. The number of collections required to achieve the 70% target of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation was species dependent, relating to mating systems. Musa acuminata populations had low heterozygosity and diversity, indicating self-fertilization; many bunches were needed (> 15) to represent regional alleles to 70%; over 90% of the alleles from a bunch are included in only two seeds. Musa maclayi was characteristically cross-fertilizing; only three bunches were needed to represent regional alleles; within a bunch, 16 seeds represent alleles. Musa balbisiana, considered cross-fertilized, had low genetic diversity; seeds of four bunches are needed to represent regional alleles; only two seeds represent alleles in a bunch. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate empirical measurement of representation of genetic material in seeds collections in ex situ conservation towards conservation targets. Species mating systems profoundly affected genetic representation in seed collections and therefore should be a primary consideration to maximize genetic representation. Results are applicable to sampling strategies for other wild species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kallow
- Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium.
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Millennium Seed Bank, Wakehurst, Ardingly, Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK.
| | - Bart Panis
- Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Bioversity International, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dang Toan Vu
- Plant Resources Center, Ankhanh, Hoaiduc, Hà Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Tuong Dang Vu
- Plant Resources Center, Ankhanh, Hoaiduc, Hà Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Janet Paofa
- National Agricultural Research Institute, Laloki, Port Moresby, 121, Papua New Guinea
| | - Arne Mertens
- Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rony Swennen
- Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Plot 15B Naguru East Road, Upper Naguru, 7878, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven B Janssens
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Ambrosio E, Feest A. Can Macrofungal Biodiversity Predict Forest Status and Dynamics? A View From South European Mediterranean Forests (Italy). ACTA MYCOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.5586/am.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Fungi are among the most important organisms on earth, and they are essential components of terrestrial ecosystems. Their reproductive structures are strictly dependent and affected by environmental conditions, and community dynamics over time and space may be indirect indicators of the health status of forests. We combined macrofungal biodiversity indices in eight Mediterranean forests in Italy and surveyed 160 plots by standardized surveys, to evaluate the role of macrofungi as early predictors of change in the forest structure. The results show that indices of fungal diversity are influenced by geographic and floristic conditions, and inter- and intra-annual temperature and rainfall fluctuations affect the formation of fungal fruiting bodies. These findings suggest that environmental changes could be reflected by macrofungi, and conservation initiatives should consider the pivotal role that fungi play in biodiversity monitoring.
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19
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Ferreira FS, Solórzano JCJ, Súarez YR. Influence of urbanization on stream fish assemblages in three microbasins in the Upper Paraná River Basin. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e247384. [PMID: 34190764 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonization pattern of fish assemblages in streams is often studied in the context of environmental filters. On the other hand, when fish assemblages are subjected to anthropogenic effects, variables associated with environmental quality assume more importance. Therefore, this work evaluated the richness and composition of fish from streams sampled at different urbanization levels, aiming to determine any direct effects on the structure of fish assemblages. To accomplish this, samples were collected from 2003 to 2011 at 31 sites distributed among 3 microbasins in the Rio Ivinhema Basin, Alto Rio Paraná. Based on environmental variables, physicochemical of the water and analysis of the use and occupation of the soil, the microbasins were classified into different urbanization levels (low, medium and high). A total of 4,320 individuals were sampled, out of which 57 fish species were recorded. Sampled sites with medium urbanization level presented higher richness compared to sampled sites with high urbanization level which presented lower richness. Species richness in these sites was explained mainly by water temperature and water velocity. Results confirmed that urbanization does directly affect environmental integrity, which, in turn, can lead to the homogenization of stream assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais - PGRN, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - J C J Solórzano
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais - PGRN, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - Y R Súarez
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais - PGRN, Dourados, MS, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais - CERNA, Laboratório de Ecologia, Dourados, MS, Brasil
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20
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Tye SP, Geluso K, Harner MJ, Siepielski AM, Forsberg ML, Brinley Buckley EM, Dale JS. One House is a Home for Many: Temporal Partitioning of Vertebrates on an American Beaver Lodge. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-185.2.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Tye
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney 68849
| | - Keith Geluso
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney 68849
| | - Mary J. Harner
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney 68849
| | - Adam M. Siepielski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
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21
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Echinococcus multilocularis genetic diversity in Swiss domestic pigs assessed by EmsB microsatellite analyzes. Vet Parasitol 2021; 293:109429. [PMID: 33895467 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the genetic diversity of the parasite Echinococcus multilocularis provides key information about the temporal and spatial strain flow in a given area. Previous studies indicated that a historical endemic area conventionally presents a relatively high genetic diversity, whereas peripheral or newly endemic areas exhibit a more restricted variability of the parasite. The Swiss plateau region is part of the European historically endemic area, and the genetic diversity has already been investigated by assessing either human metacestode isolates or adult worms from foxes. To date, there have been no studies covering the whole geographical area affected by the parasite. The aim of the present study was to make use of the domestic pig to investigate the genetic diversity of E. multilocularis in relation to spatial distribution. A total of 55 E. multilocularis-induced hepatic lesions from slaughtered pigs from Switzerland were studied using EmsB microsatellite analyzes, and findings were compared to already published data (originating from human, primate, foxes, and rodent samples). A total of 12 EmsB profiles were described among the domestic pigs, some of them presenting a clear spatial organization in the Swiss plateau, with three of the main profiles geographically separated. One of the 12 EmsB profiles has been newly identified for Switzerland in this study, while the other 11 profiles had been previously described in other Swiss E. multilocularis isolates from other hosts. Overall, a total of 18 EmsB profiles have so far been described within the Swiss endemic area. Six profiles appeared only among human, primate, rodent, and fox samples. Based on a richness and diversity accumulation analysis, the sampling efficiency for the whole studied area has now been improved considerably by compilation of 178 E. multilocularis specimens obtained from four different intermediate and one definitive host species in Switzerland.
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Kurina O. A contribution towards checklist of fungus gnats (Diptera, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) in Georgia, Transcaucasia. Zookeys 2021; 1026:69-142. [PMID: 33850419 PMCID: PMC8018941 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1026.63749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus gnats of Georgia are studied based on 2682 specimens collected from 57 localities during 2011–2019. Altogether, 245 species are recorded including four species of Bolitophilidae, three species of Diadocidiidae, two species of Ditomyiidae, 34 species of Keroplatidae and 202 species of Mycetophilidae. 230 and 188 species are recorded from Georgia and the whole of Transcaucasia for the first time, respectively. Three new species – Sciophilageorgei sp. nov., Leiakatae sp. nov. and Anatellametae sp. nov. – are described including detailed illustrations of the male terminalia. Photographs are provided for an additional 38 species to highlight a variability of their general facies. Combined with earlier published data, the number of fungus gnat species in Georgia is set at 246. The estimated diversity of fungus gnats in Georgia is calculated using non-parametric methods and discussed with respect to other Western Palaearctic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olavi Kurina
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi st 5 D, 51006 Tartu, Estonia Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia
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23
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Dorigo TA, Siqueira CC, Oliveira JCF, Fusinatto LA, Santos-Pereira M, Almeida-Santos M, Maia-Carneiro T, Reis CNC, Rocha CFD. Amphibians and reptiles from the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Brazil, one of the world’s largest urban forests. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-0978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The Parque Nacional da Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is considered to be one of the world’s largest urban forests, however no systematic inventory of its herpetofauna is available. In the present study, we surveyed the amphibians and reptiles of this park to assess its species composition (including secondary data) and obtain estimates of species richness and abundance. We conducted active searches (460 hours) between January 2013 and December 2015. We identified the taxa endemic to either the Atlantic Forest or Rio de Janeiro state, and verified the conservation status of each species in the international, Brazilian, and state red lists. We also estimated the species richness and sampling sufficiency by rarefaction curves and Bootstrap richness estimator, and analyzed the distribution of the species abundance in Whittaker plots. We recorded 3,288 individuals over 36 months, representing 24 species of amphibians and 25 reptiles. The cumulative species curves, rarefaction, and the richness estimated indicated that sampling effort was adequate. Species abundance adjusted to the log-series model in both amphibians and reptiles. The four most abundant amphibians represented 70% of the individuals recorded in this group, while the two most abundant reptiles represented 60% of the total individuals. The inclusion of the secondary data raised the number of amphibian species to 38, and the number of reptiles to 36. Approximately 80% of the amphibian species and 28% of the reptile species recorded are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, and six of the amphibian species are endemic to Rio de Janeiro state. Six amphibian species and one reptile species are classified under some threat of extinction, and two reptile species were exotic. The considerable diversity of the herpetofauna of the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, which includes endemic and threatened species, reflects the effectiveness of the reforestation of this protected area and emphasizes the importance of its conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thiago Maia-Carneiro
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Alsaffar Z, Cúrdia J, Irigoien X, Carvalho S. Composition, uniqueness and connectivity across tropical coastal lagoon habitats in the Red Sea. BMC Ecol 2020; 20:61. [PMID: 33228627 PMCID: PMC7686702 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tropical habitats and their associated environmental characteristics play a critical role in shaping macroinvertebrate communities. Assessing patterns of diversity over space and time and investigating the factors that control and generate those patterns is critical for conservation efforts. However, these factors are still poorly understood in sub-tropical and tropical regions. The present study applied a combination of uni- and multivariate techniques to test whether patterns of biodiversity, composition, and structure of macrobenthic assemblages change across different lagoon habitats (two mangrove sites; two seagrass meadows with varying levels of vegetation cover; and an unvegetated subtidal area) and between seasons and years. Results In total, 4771 invertebrates were identified belonging to 272 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We observed that macrobenthic lagoon assemblages are diverse, heterogeneous and that the most evident biological pattern was spatial rather than temporal. To investigate whether macrofaunal patterns within the lagoon habitats (mangrove, seagrass, unvegetated area) changed through the time, we analysed each habitat separately. The results showed high seasonal and inter-annual variability in the macrofaunal patterns. However, the seagrass beds that are characterized by variable vegetation cover, through time, showed comparatively higher stability (with the lowest values of inter-annual variability and a high number of resident taxa). These results support the theory that seagrass habitat complexity promotes diversity and density of macrobenthic assemblages. Despite the structural and functional importance of seagrass beds documented in this study, the results also highlighted the small-scale heterogeneity of tropical habitats that may serve as biodiversity repositories. Conclusions Comprehensive approaches at the “seascape” level are required for improved ecosystem management and to maintain connectivity patterns amongst habitats. This is particularly true along the Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea, which is currently experiencing rapid coastal development. Also, considering the high temporal variability (seasonal and inter-annual) of tropical shallow-water habitats, monitoring and management plans must include temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alsaffar
- Red Sea Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - João Cúrdia
- Red Sea Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xabier Irigoien
- Red Sea Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.,AZTI - Marine Research, Herrera Kaia, Pasaia, 20100, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Susana Carvalho
- Red Sea Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Gibb H, Silvey CJ, Robinson C, L'Hotellier FA, Eldridge DJ. Experimental evidence for ecological cascades following threatened mammal reintroduction. Ecology 2020; 102:e03191. [PMID: 32892373 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Species extinction has reached unprecedented rates globally, and can cause unexpected ecological cascades. Since Europeans arrived in Australia, many endemic mammals have declined or become extinct, but their ecological roles and outcomes of their reintroduction for ecosystems are poorly understood. Using surveys and novel long-term exclusion and disturbance experiments, we tested how digging mammal reintroduction affects predatory invertebrates. Mammal exclusion tended to decrease bare ground. Although scorpion burrow abundance increased with bare ground, mammals also had direct negative effects on scorpions. Increased disturbance alone decreased scorpion abundance, but other mechanisms, such as predation, also contributed to the mammal effect. Despite negative associations between scorpions and spiders, both groups increased and spider composition changed following mammal exclusion. Our long-term research showed that threatened digging mammals drive ecosystem cascades, affecting biota through a variety of pathways. Reintroductions of locally extinct digging mammals can restore ecosystems, but ecosystem cascades may lead to unexpected restructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloise Gibb
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.,Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Colin J Silvey
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Chloe Robinson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | | | - David J Eldridge
- Office of Environment and Heritage, C/O Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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The effect of slope aspect on vegetation attributes in a mountainous dry valley, Southwest China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16465. [PMID: 33020576 PMCID: PMC7536199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Slope aspect plays a critical role in influencing vegetation pattern in semiarid area. The dry valleys of the Hengduan Mountains Region, southwestern China, are striking geographical landscape, suffering from severe ecological degradation. Here, we comprehensively investigated how slope aspect affects vegetation attributes in one of these valleys- the dry valley in the upper reaches of Min River. Three sites were selected along the valley and we quantitively examined the vegetation difference between slope aspects at the whole valley scale and each site level. We found significant vegetation differences between slope aspects in species composition, vegetative structure, and biodiversity pattern, which were in accordance with the observed significant difference in soil nutrient. Generally, north-facing slopes are associated with higher biomass, coverage and height, and species diversity than south-facing slopes. We also found between-aspect differences varied among the study sites, resulting in increased biomass, height, and β diversity differences, decreased density and coverage differences, and opposite trend observed in α diversity at relatively wet site. In conclusion, slope aspect had significant effect on vegetation attributes, which was significantly influenced by local climate (aridity) in terms of both strength and direction depending on the specific attributes investigated.
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Abstract
AbstractHuman-mediated species invasion and climate change are leading to global extinctions and are predicted to result in the loss of important axes of phylogenetic and functional diversity. However, the long-term robustness of modern communities to invasion is unknown, given the limited timescales over which they can be studied. Using the fossil record of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM; ∼56 Ma) in North America, we evaluate mammalian community-level response to a rapid global warming event (5°-8°C) and invasion by three Eurasian mammalian orders and by species undergoing northward range shifts. We assembled a database of 144 species body sizes and created a time-scaled composite phylogeny. We calculated the phylogenetic and functional diversity of all communities before, during, and after the PETM. Despite increases in the phylogenetic diversity of the regional species pool, phylogenetic diversity of mammalian communities remained relatively unchanged, a pattern that is invariant to the tree dating method, uncertainty in tree topology, and resolution. Similarly, body size dispersion and the degree of spatial taxonomic turnover of communities remained similar across the PETM. We suggest that invasion by new taxa had little impact on Paleocene-Eocene mammal communities because niches were not saturated. Our findings are consistent with the numerous studies of modern communities that record little change in community-scale richness despite turnover in taxonomic composition during invasion. What remains unknown is whether long-term robustness to biotic and abiotic perturbation are retained by modern communities given global anthropogenic landscape modification.
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Foster CW, Kelly C, Rainey JJ, Holloway GJ. Effects of urbanisation and landscape heterogeneity mediated by feeding guild and body size in a community of coprophilous beetles. Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-00997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough the impacts of urbanisation on biodiversity are well studied, the precise response of some invertebrate groups remains poorly known. Dung-associated beetles are little studied in an urban context, especially in temperate regions. We considered how landscape heterogeneity, assessed at three spatial scales (250, 500 and 1000 m radius), mediates the community composition of coprophilous beetles on a broad urban gradient. Beetles were sampled using simple dung-baited traps, placed at 48 sites stratified across three distance bands around a large urban centre in England. The most urban sites hosted the lowest abundance of saprophagous beetles, with a lower mean body length relative to the least urban sites. Predicted overall species richness and the richness of saprophagous species were also lowest at the most urban sites. Ordination analyses followed by variation partitioning revealed that landscape heterogeneity across the urban gradient explained a small but significant proportion of community composition. Heterogeneity data for a 500-m radius around each site provided the best fit with beetle community data. Larger saprophagous species were associated with lower amounts of manmade surface and improved grassland. Some individual species, particularly predators, appeared to be positively associated with urban or urban fringe sites. This study is probably the first to examine the response of the whole coprophilous beetle community to urbanisation. Our results suggest that the response of this community to urbanisation matches expectations based on other taxonomic groups, whilst emphasising the complex nature of this response, with some smaller-bodied species potentially benefitting from urbanisation.
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Tal M, Weese JS, Gomez DE, Hesta M, Steiner JM, Verbrugghe A. Bacterial fecal microbiota is only minimally affected by a standardized weight loss plan in obese cats. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:112. [PMID: 32293441 PMCID: PMC7161297 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research in humans and mice suggests that obesity influences the abundance and diversity of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota, and that an “obese microbiome” influences energy metabolism and fat storage in the host. Microbiota membership and composition have been previously assessed in healthy cats. However, research investigating the effects of obesity and weight loss on the cat’s fecal microbiota is limited. Therefore, this study’s objective was to evaluate differences in fecal microbial abundance and biodiversity, as well as serum cobalamin and folate concentrations in obese cats, before and after weight loss, and compare to lean cats. Fourteen lean and 17 obese healthy client-owned cats were fed a veterinary therapeutic weight loss food at maintenance energy requirement for 4 weeks. At the end of week 4, lean cats finished the study, whereas obese cats continued with a 10-week weight loss period on the same food, fed at individually-tailored weight loss energy requirements. Body weight and body condition score were recorded every 2 weeks throughout the study. At the end of each period, a fecal sample and food-consumption records were obtained from the owners, and serum cobalamin and folate concentrations were analysed. DNA was extracted from fecal samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed, and products were sequenced using next-generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). Results No significant differences in the relative abundance of taxa and in biodiversity indices were observed between cats in either group (P > 0.05 for all tests). Nevertheless, some significantly enriched taxa, mainly belonging to Firmicutes, were noted in linear discriminant analysis effect size test in obese cats before weight loss compared to lean cats. Serum cobalamin concentrations were significantly higher in lean compared to obese cats both before and after weight loss. Serum folate concentrations were higher in obese cats before weight loss compared to after. Conclusions The association between feline obesity and the fecal bacterial microbiota was demonstrated in enriched taxa in obese cats compared to lean cats, which may be related to enhanced efficiency of energy-harvesting. However, in obese cats, the fecal microbial abundance and biodiversity were only minimally affected during the early phase of a standardized weight loss plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Tal
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Present address: Royal Canin Canada, 100 Beiber Rd, N0B 2J0, Puslinch, Canada
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Diego E Gomez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Myriam Hesta
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, B-9820, Belgium
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, TX, USA
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Hanna R, Gnanvossou D, Goergen G, Bokonon-Ganta AH, Mohamed SA, Ekesi S, Fiaboe KKM, Agnontchémè AI. Efficiency of Food-Based Attractants for Monitoring Tephritid Fruit Flies Diversity and Abundance in Mango Systems Across Three West African Agro-Ecological Zones. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:860-871. [PMID: 31853545 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Food baits are effective and widely used tools for monitoring diversity and abundance of tephritid fruit flies. Four food-baits-Nulure, BioLure, Mazoferm at 3 and 6%, and Torula yeast-were used in multi-lure traps over a 4-yr period in mango orchards in three Benin agro-ecological zones (AEZ) representing a large swath of environments in western Africa. Twelve tephritid fruit fly species were captured during the trials, with the highest richness in the Forest Savannah Mosaic (FSM), followed by the Southern Guinea Savannah (SGS), and the Northern Guinea Savannah (NGS) AEZ. Despite previous reports of displacement, the native species Ceratitis cosyra remained the dominant tephritid species in mango orchards in the NGS, with the invasive and exotic species Bactrocera dorsalis dominating the tephritid fauna in the SGS and FSM. Torula yeast captured the greatest number of fruit flies in each AEZ. Mazoferm-3% captures were similar to Torula yeast, except for lower captures in the NGS where it tended to harden. The rank order of relative efficiency indices (REI) of the food baits (relative to Torula yeast) is Mazoferm-3% > Nulure > Mazoferm-6% and BioLure. The latter captured more Ceratitis spp. than all the other baits, particularly at very low Ceratitis spp. abundance. To our knowledge, the study is the first to report relative efficiency indices for the selection of food baits in monitoring diversity and abundance of fruit flies. Ecological and practical implications for the use of food baits in comparison with male lures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Hanna
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), BP, Messa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- IITA-Benin, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | | | - Aimé H Bokonon-Ganta
- Plant Protection and Quarantine/Direction of Crop Production (SPVCP/DPV), Oganla, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Samira A Mohamed
- International Center for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Center for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Komi K M Fiaboe
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), BP, Messa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Eetemadi A, Rai N, Pereira BMP, Kim M, Schmitz H, Tagkopoulos I. The Computational Diet: A Review of Computational Methods Across Diet, Microbiome, and Health. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:393. [PMID: 32318028 PMCID: PMC7146706 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and human health are inextricably linked. As such, revolutionary impacts on health have been derived from advances in the production and distribution of food relating to food safety and fortification with micronutrients. During the past two decades, it has become apparent that the human microbiome has the potential to modulate health, including in ways that may be related to diet and the composition of specific foods. Despite the excitement and potential surrounding this area, the complexity of the gut microbiome, the chemical composition of food, and their interplay in situ remains a daunting task to fully understand. However, recent advances in high-throughput sequencing, metabolomics profiling, compositional analysis of food, and the emergence of electronic health records provide new sources of data that can contribute to addressing this challenge. Computational science will play an essential role in this effort as it will provide the foundation to integrate these data layers and derive insights capable of revealing and understanding the complex interactions between diet, gut microbiome, and health. Here, we review the current knowledge on diet-health-gut microbiota, relevant data sources, bioinformatics tools, machine learning capabilities, as well as the intellectual property and legislative regulatory landscape. We provide guidance on employing machine learning and data analytics, identify gaps in current methods, and describe new scenarios to be unlocked in the next few years in the context of current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameen Eetemadi
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Navneet Rai
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Beatriz Merchel Piovesan Pereira
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Minseung Kim
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Process Integration and Predictive Analytics (PIPA LLC), Davis, CA, United States
| | - Harold Schmitz
- Graduate School of Management, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ilias Tagkopoulos
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Process Integration and Predictive Analytics (PIPA LLC), Davis, CA, United States
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Tingley MW, Nadeau CP, Sandor ME. Multi‐species occupancy models as robust estimators of community richness. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan W. Tingley
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | - Manette E. Sandor
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
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Jarduli LR, Garcia DAZ, Vidotto-Magnoni AP, Casimiro ACR, Vianna NC, Almeida FSD, Jerep FC, Orsi ML. Fish fauna from the Paranapanema River basin, Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The Paranapanema River is an important, extensively explored tributary of the Upper Paraná River basin. The fish fauna of the Paranapanema River has been investigated since the 1990s; however, no study has characterized the richness of fish species throughout the basin, including the main channel of the river, marginal lagoons, its tributaries, and sub-tributaries. Thus, we performed a review with 90 independent studies conducted at the upper, middle, and lower sections of the basin. We recorded 225 species, of which 165 were native, and 60 were non-native. We found that 77% of the species within the basin are composed by Siluriformes and Characiformes. Cichliformes had a significant number of non-native species established in impoundment sections of the basin. Incidence-Based Estimators (Bootstrap and Chao 2) demonstrated that the richness of native species is still underestimated. Some native (e.g., Hypostomus ancistroides) and non-native species (e.g., Plagioscion squamosissimus) are widely distributed in the basin, while others had a more restricted distribution. Among the registered species, the family Bryconidae had the highest number of representatives with threatened conservation status. In addition, we observed that the Capivara Reservoir and its tributaries were the most sampled regions, with the majority of studies performed in the Lower Paranapanema basin. The species richness recorded in large tributaries, such as Tibagi, Cinzas, Congonhas, and Pirapó rivers is critical for maintaining the fish fauna in the Paranapanema River. Our contribution may be used to support management actions and conservation strategies, as well as to indicate regions in the basin that need to be better inventoried.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ribeiro Jarduli
- Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Brasil; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brasil
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Zeng SL, Zhao B, Zhang TT, Ouyang ZT. Effects of road ditches on the vegetation composition in a saline environment. LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-019-00405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gatti FD, Carneiro MAA. Estimation of the species richness of hyperdiverse beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in an area of Atlantic Forest, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. NEOTROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e49026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species are elementary units in community ecology studies. However, sample limitations obstruct the elaboration of accurate faunistic inventories, especially in biodiversity hotspots, such as tropical forests. In this way, the objective of this research was to describe the richness, using different non-parametric estimators of richness, in the family Cerambycidade, a group of hyperdiverse insects in the Atlantic Forest. Five hundred and eighty-one specimens belonging to 145 species and 3 subfamilies were collected. Among the species sampled, 46.2% were considered singletons, 13.8% doubletons, 48.95% unicates, 15.15% duplicates and 90.3% ecologically rare. The species accumulation curves did not stabilize, which was already expected considering that more species and individuals were sampled in the last months of collection. The estimated richness presented values much higher than the observed richness. This was a reflect of the high proportion of ecologically rare species present in the sample. This work showed that faunistic inventories of hyperdiverse groups, with only one year of collection and a single sampling methodology may underestimate the species richness of a region. Thus, larger time series associated with different collection methods are essential for a more accurate survey of biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest.
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Structure, composition and diversity of trees within the dry evergreen reserve forest of Kondapalli (Eastern Ghats, southern India). BIODIVERSITY: RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/biorc-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The dry evergreen forest of Kondapalli (Andhra Pradesh state, India) is declared as a forest reserve, but, despite of this, it is subjected to degradation resulting in loss of biodiversity. Thus, the current study was carried out to investigate the tree diversity of Kondapalli forest. A total of 566 ±16 trees (≥10 cm) representing 46±8 species from 40 genera and 21 families were recorded from the 0.36 ha area of Kondapalli forest. Mimosaceae was the most species rich family, while Rutaceae was the most abundant family. Atalantia monophylla was most frequent and abundant species and, with respect to basal area, Melia azedarach and Syzygium cumini were the dominant taxa. The recorded stem density was 1572 stems ha−1 and the mean forest basal area was 47.17 m2 ha−1. The results of cluster analysis revealed that Atalantia monophylla, characterised by a high ecological amplitude, had a wide distribution and was associated with species forming different communities. The study showed that Kondapalli forest is characterised by a fairly high species richness, which provides the baseline data on the floristic structure and diversity of this forest for better management and conservation.
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Canales-Delgadillo JC, Perez-Ceballos R, Zaldivar-Jimenez MA, Merino-Ibarra M, Cardoza G, Cardoso-Mohedano JG. The effect of mangrove restoration on avian assemblages of a coastal lagoon in southern Mexico. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7493. [PMID: 31423362 PMCID: PMC6697041 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mangrove forests provide many ecosystem services, including the provision of habitat that supports avian biodiversity. However, hurricanes can knock down trees, alter hydrologic connectivity, and affect avian habitat. In 1995, Hurricanes Opal and Roxanne destroyed approximately 1,700 ha of mangrove forest in Laguna de Términos, Mexico. Since then, hydrological restoration has been implemented to protect the mangrove forest and its biodiversity. Methods Since avian communities are often considered biological indicators of ecosystem quality, avian diversity and species relative abundance were evaluated as indicators of mangrove restoration success by comparing undisturbed mangrove patches with those affected by the hurricanes. Using bird surveys, similarity analyses, and generalized linear models, we evaluated the effects of water quality variables and forest structure on the relative abundance and diversity of the avian community in disturbed, restored, and undisturbed mangrove patches. Results Higher bird species richness and relative abundances were found in disturbed and restored sites compared to the undisturbed site. After restoration, values of frequency of flooding, water temperature, tree density, and the number of tree species were more similar to that of the undisturbed site than to the values of the disturbed one. Such variables influenced the relative abundance of bird guilds in the different habitat conditions. Furthermore, some insectivorous bird species, such as the Yellow Warbler and Tropical Kingbird, were found to be similarly abundant in both undisturbed and restored sites, but absent or very low in occurrence at the disturbed site. Conclusions Collectively, our results strongly suggest that hydrologic restoration helps to enhance niche availability for different bird guilds, including water and canopy bird species. Our work can help inform management strategies that benefit avian communities in mangrove forests and wetland systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cesar Canales-Delgadillo
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México
| | - Rosela Perez-Ceballos
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México
| | | | - Martin Merino-Ibarra
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gabriela Cardoza
- Centro de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México
| | - Jose-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México
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Gibb H, Grossman BF, Dickman CR, Decker O, Wardle GM. Long‐term responses of desert ant assemblages to climate. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1549-1563. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heloise Gibb
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Blair F. Grossman
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Chris R. Dickman
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Orsolya Decker
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Glenda M. Wardle
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Wang Z, Jiang Y, Deane DC, He F, Shu W, Liu Y. Effects of host phylogeny, habitat and spatial proximity on host specificity and diversity of pathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi in a subtropical forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:462-474. [PMID: 30861145 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil plant-pathogenic (PF) and mycorrhizal fungi (MF) are both important in maintaining plant diversity, for example via host-specialized effects. However, empirical knowledge on the degree of host specificity and possible factors affecting the fungal assemblages is lacking. We identified PF and MF in fine roots of 519 individuals across 45 subtropical tree species in southern China in order to quantify the importance of host phylogeny (including via its effects on functional traits), habitat and space in determining fungal communities. We also compared host specificity in PF and MF at different host-phylogenetic scales. In both PF and MF, host phylogeny independently accounted for > 19% of the variation in fungal richness and composition, whereas environmental and spatial factors each explained no more than 4% of the variation. Over 77% of the variation explained by phylogeny was attributable to covariation in plant functional traits. Host specificity was phylogenetically scale-dependent, being stronger in PF than in MF at low host-phylogenetic scales (e.g. within genus) but similar at larger scales. Our study suggests that host-phylogenetic effects dominate the assembly of both PF and MF communities, resulting from phylogenetically clustered plant traits. The scale-dependent host specificity implies that PF were specialized at lower-level and MF at higher-level host taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Wang
- ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510271, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510271, China
| | - David C Deane
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Fangliang He
- ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Wensheng Shu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
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da Silva GVR, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Malosso E. Comparison of aquatic hyphomycetes communities between lotic and lentic environments in the Atlantic rain forest of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:660-668. [PMID: 31416585 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Riparian forests are important to aquatic ecosystems and produce large quantities of organic matter that are recycled by the microbial community that includes microscopic fungi. The aim of this study was to unveil and compare the diversity of aquatic hyphomycetes associated to submerged leaf litter of tropical lotic and lentic environments in the Atlantic Forest of Northeast Brazil. Six sampling events were carried out in six points of two study areas: Biological Reserve "Mata da Chuva" (MC) and Environmental Protection Area "Lagoa da Mata" (LM), in Pernambuco, Brazil. Twenty three taxa of hyphomycetes were identified resulting in 87 occurrences. In the lake LM, 13 taxa of hyphomycetes were identified with 34 occurrences and in the MC (stream), 20 taxa with 53 occurrences. Ten species were common to both areas. Diversity indices and fungal biomass (ergosterol) were mostly higher in the lotic system. The fungal community analysis did not show any structure regarding sampling periods or sampling points within an area, however the two areas are different. Although the turbulence of the water is considered important for the development of these aquatic fungi, it is possible to find a diverse community of hyphomycetes and considerable fungal biomass in the lentic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Virgínia Ramos da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Micologia, Laboratório de Hifomicetos de Folhedo, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biology of Fungi, UFPE, Brazil
| | - Rafael F Castañeda-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical 'Alejandro de Humboldt' (INIFAT), OSDE, Grupo Agrícola, Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, C.P. 17200, Cuba
| | - Elaine Malosso
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Micologia, Laboratório de Hifomicetos de Folhedo, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil.
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Diversity of wood-inhabiting Agaricomycotina on wood of different size classes in riparian forests of Uruguay. MYCOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Co-occurrence patterns between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton across the pelagic zone of Lake Baikal during spring. J Microbiol 2019; 57:252-262. [PMID: 30929228 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton and bacterioplankton play a key role in carbon cycling of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we found that co-occurrence patterns between different types of phytoplankton, bacterioplankton, and environmental parameters in Lake Baikal during spring were different over the course of three consecutive years. The composition of phytoplankton and bacterial communities was investigated using microscopy and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing, respectively. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed a relationship between the structure of phytoplankton and bacterial communities and temperature, location, and sampling year. Associations of bacteria with diatoms, green microalgae, chrysophyte, and cryptophyte were identified using microscopy. Cluster analysis revealed similar correlation patterns between phytoplankton abundance, number of attached bacteria, ratio of bacteria per phytoplankton cell and environmental parameters. Positive and negative correlations between different species of phytoplankton, heterotrophic bacteria and environmental parameters may indicate mutualistic or competitive relationships between microorganisms and their preferences to the environment.
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Finotello F, Mastrorilli E, Di Camillo B. Measuring the diversity of the human microbiota with targeted next-generation sequencing. Brief Bioinform 2019; 19:679-692. [PMID: 28025179 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbw119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is a complex ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms harboured by the human body. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, in particular targeted amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S-seq), are enabling the identification and quantification of human-resident microorganisms at unprecedented resolution, providing novel insights into the role of the microbiota in health and disease. Once microbial abundances are quantified through NGS data analysis, diversity indices provide valuable mathematical tools to describe the ecological complexity of a single sample or to detect species differences between samples. However, diversity is not a determined physical quantity for which a consensus definition and unit of measure have been established, and several diversity indices are currently available. Furthermore, they were originally developed for macroecology and their robustness to the possible bias introduced by sequencing has not been characterized so far. To assist the reader with the selection and interpretation of diversity measures, we review a panel of broadly used indices, describing their mathematical formulations, purposes and properties, and characterize their behaviour and criticalities in dependence of the data features using simulated data as ground truth. In addition, we make available an R package, DiversitySeq, which implements in a unified framework the full panel of diversity indices and a simulator of 16S-seq data, and thus represents a valuable resource for the analysis of diversity from NGS count data and for the benchmarking of computational methods for 16S-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Finotello
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mastrorilli
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Camillo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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The effect of 16S rRNA region choice on bacterial community metabarcoding results. Sci Data 2019; 6:190007. [PMID: 30720800 PMCID: PMC6362892 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2019.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we compare the resolution of V2-V3 and V3-V4 16S rRNA regions for the purposes of estimating microbial community diversity using paired-end Illumina MiSeq reads, and show that the fragment, including V2 and V3 regions, has higher resolution for lower-rank taxa (genera and species). It allows for a more precise distance-based clustering of reads into species-level OTUs. Statistically convergent estimates of the diversity of major species (defined as those that together are covered by 95% of reads) can be achieved at the sample sizes of 10000 to 15000 reads. The relative error of the Shannon index estimate for this condition is lower than 4%.
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45
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Grande H, Rezende SDM, Simon TE, Félix-Hackradt FC, García-Charton JA, Maida M, Gaspar ALB, Francini-Filho RB, Fredou T, Ferreira BP. Diversity of settlement-stage reef fishes captured by light-trap in a tropical south-west Atlantic Ocean coastal reef system. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:210-222. [PMID: 30387145 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the results of 5 years of monitoring reef fish post-larvae using light traps in the Bay of Tamandaré, north-east Brazil. An annotated checklist of pre-settlement fish species, their frequency of occurrence and taxonomic characteristics are provided. In total, 4,422 post-larval fishes belonging to 36 families, 56 genera and 76 species were captured. The most species-rich families were Carangidae (7), Lutjanidae (6) and Pomacentridae (4), while the families Gerreidae (30.47%), Holocentridae (16.54%), Blenniidae (12.01%), Labrisomidae (8.36%), Lutjanidae (8.29%) and Acanthuridae (5.95%) were the most abundant. This is the first study of the taxonomic diversity and assemblage structure of settlement-stage reef fishes in the tropical south-west Atlantic Ocean. Although a few common species were not captured due to selectivity of light traps, the composition and taxonomic diversity of this first collection suggests that light traps are useful for studies of the early life history of a wide range of pre-settlement reef fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Grande
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Sergio de M Rezende
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Marinha do Nordeste (CEPENE), Tamandaré, Brazil
| | - Thiony E Simon
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Fabiana C Félix-Hackradt
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais - CFCAm, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Porto Seguro, Brazil
| | - José A García-Charton
- Departament of Ecology and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mauro Maida
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana L B Gaspar
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Thierry Fredou
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Beatrice P Ferreira
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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46
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Mikhailov IS, Zakharova YR, Bukin YS, Galachyants YP, Petrova DP, Sakirko MV, Likhoshway YV. Co-occurrence Networks Among Bacteria and Microbial Eukaryotes of Lake Baikal During a Spring Phytoplankton Bloom. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:96-109. [PMID: 29882155 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The pelagic zone of Lake Baikal is an ecological niche where phytoplankton bloom causes increasing microbial abundance in spring which plays a key role in carbon turnover in the freshwater lake. Co-occurrence patterns revealed among different microbes can be applied to predict interactions between the microbes and environmental conditions in the ecosystem. We used 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes to study bacterial and microbial eukaryotic communities and their co-occurrence patterns at the pelagic zone of Lake Baikal during a spring phytoplankton bloom. We found that microbes within one domain mostly correlated positively with each other and are highly interconnected. The highly connected taxa in co-occurrence networks were operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Alphaproteobacteria, and autotrophic and unclassified Eukaryota which might be analogous to microbial keystone taxa. Constrained correspondence analysis revealed the relationships of bacterial and microbial eukaryotic communities with geographical location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Mikhailov
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya, Irkutsk, Russia, 664033.
| | - Yulia R Zakharova
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya, Irkutsk, Russia, 664033
| | - Yuri S Bukin
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya, Irkutsk, Russia, 664033
| | - Yuri P Galachyants
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya, Irkutsk, Russia, 664033
| | - Darya P Petrova
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya, Irkutsk, Russia, 664033
| | - Maria V Sakirko
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya, Irkutsk, Russia, 664033
| | - Yelena V Likhoshway
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya, Irkutsk, Russia, 664033
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47
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Staudhammer CL, Escobedo FJ, Blood A. Assessing methods for comparing species diversity from disparate data sources: the case of urban and peri‐urban forests. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Staudhammer
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alabama PO Box 870344 Tuscaloosa Alabama 35406 USA
| | - Francisco J. Escobedo
- Biology Program Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Universidad del Rosario Kr 26 No 63B‐48 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Amy Blood
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia Tech 310 West Campus Drive Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
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48
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Chiarucci A, Di Biase RM, Fattorini L, Marcheselli M, Pisani C. Joining the incompatible: Exploiting purposive lists for the sample-based estimation of species richness. Ann Appl Stat 2018. [DOI: 10.1214/17-aoas1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Montagna M, Berruti A, Bianciotto V, Cremonesi P, Giannico R, Gusmeroli F, Lumini E, Pierce S, Pizzi F, Turri F, Gandini G. Differential biodiversity responses between kingdoms (plants, fungi, bacteria and metazoa) along an Alpine succession gradient. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3671-3685. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Montagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Andrea Berruti
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Torino Italy
| | - Valeria Bianciotto
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Torino Italy
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR IBBA); Lodi Italy
| | - Riccardo Giannico
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR IBBA); Lodi Italy
| | - Fausto Gusmeroli
- Fondazione Dott. Piero Fojanini di Studi Superiori; Sondrio Italy
| | - Erica Lumini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Torino Italy
| | - Simon Pierce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Flavia Pizzi
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR IBBA); Lodi Italy
| | - Federica Turri
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR IBBA); Lodi Italy
| | - Gustavo Gandini
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR IBBA); Lodi Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
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50
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Álvarez‐Presas M, Mateos E, Riutort M. Hidden diversity in forest soils: Characterization and comparison of terrestrial flatworm's communities in two national parks in Spain. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7386-7400. [PMID: 30151158 PMCID: PMC6106173 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, and Geoplanidae) belong to what is known as cryptic soil fauna of humid forests and are animals not easily found or captured in traps. Nonetheless, they have been demonstrated to be good indicators of the conservation status of their habitat as well as a good model to reconstruct the recent and old events affecting biodiversity. This is mainly due to their delicate constitution, their dependence on the integrity of their habitat, and their very low dispersal capacity. At present, little is known about their communities, except for some studies performed in Brazil. In this work, we analyze for the first time in Europe terrestrial flatworm communities. We have selected two protected areas belonging to the Red Española de Parques Nacionales. Our aims include performing a first study of the species richness and community structure for European terrestrial planarian species at regional and local scale. We evaluate the effect of type of forests in the community composition and flatworms' abundance, but also have into account the phylogenetic framework (never considered in previous studies) analyzed based on molecular data. We find differences in the species composition among parks, with an astonishingly high diversity of endemic species in the Parque Nacional de Picos de Europa and an extremely low diversity of species in the Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido. These divergent patterns cannot be attributed to differences in physical variables, and in addition, the analyses of their phylogenetic relationships and, for a few species, their genetic structure, point to a more probable historical explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Álvarez‐Presas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i EstadísticaInstitut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Eduardo Mateos
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marta Riutort
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i EstadísticaInstitut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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