1
|
Billig S, Hein M, Kirchner C, Schumacher D, Habigt MA, Mechelinck M, Fuchs D, Klinge U, Theißen A, Beckers C, Bleilevens C, Kramann R, Uhlig M. Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Acute Cholestasis-Induced Liver Injury. Biomedicines 2024; 12:876. [PMID: 38672230 PMCID: PMC11048529 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown cardiac abnormalities in acute liver injury, suggesting a potential role in the associated high mortality. METHODS We designed an experimental study exploring the short-term effects of acute cholestasis-induced liver injury on cardiac function and structure in a rodent bile duct ligation (BDL) model to elucidate the potential interplay. Thirty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to BDL surgery (n = 28) or served as sham-operated (n = 9) controls. Transthoracic echocardiography, Doppler evaluation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and myocardial contrast echocardiography were performed at rest and during adenosine and dobutamine stress 5 days after BDL. Immunohistochemical staining of myocardial tissue samples for hypoxia and inflammation as well as serum analysis were performed. RESULTS BDL animals exhibited acute liver injury with elevated transaminases, bilirubin, and total circulating bile acids (TBA) 5 days after BDL (TBA control: 0.81 ± 2.54 µmol/L vs. BDL: 127.52 ± 57.03 µmol/L; p < 0.001). Concurrently, cardiac function was significantly impaired, characterized by reduced cardiac output (CO) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) in the echocardiography at rest and under pharmacological stress (CO rest control: 120.6 ± 24.3 mL/min vs. BDL 102.5 ± 16.6 mL/min, p = 0.041; GLS rest control: -24.05 ± 3.8% vs. BDL: -18.5 ± 5.1%, p = 0.01). Myocardial perfusion analysis revealed a reduced myocardial blood flow at rest and a decreased coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) under dobutamine stress in the BDL animals (CFVR control: 2.1 ± 0.6 vs. BDL: 1.7 ± 0.5 p = 0.047). Immunofluorescence staining indicated myocardial hypoxia and increased neutrophil infiltration. CONCLUSIONS In summary, acute cholestasis-induced liver injury can lead to impaired cardiac function mediated by coronary microvascular dysfunction, suggesting that major adverse cardiac events may contribute to the mortality of acute liver failure. This may be due to endothelial dysfunction and direct bile acid signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Billig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany (C.B.)
| | - Marc Hein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany (C.B.)
| | - Celine Kirchner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany (C.B.)
| | - David Schumacher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany (C.B.)
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Moriz Aljoscha Habigt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany (C.B.)
| | - Mare Mechelinck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany (C.B.)
| | - Dieter Fuchs
- FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Inc., Joop Geesinkweg 140, 1114 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Klinge
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Theißen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany (C.B.)
| | - Christian Beckers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany (C.B.)
| | - Christian Bleilevens
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany (C.B.)
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Uhlig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany (C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Van Eyck A, Kwanten WJ, Peleman C, Makhout S, Van Laere S, Van De Maele K, Van Hoorenbeeck K, De Man J, De Winter BY, Francque S, Verhulst SL. The role of adipose tissue and subsequent liver tissue hypoxia in obesity and early stage metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:512-522. [PMID: 38142264 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is linked to several health complication, including Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Adipose tissue hypoxia has been suggested as an important player in the pathophysiological mechanism leading to chronic inflammation in obesity, and in the progression of MASLD. The study aims to investigate the effect of progressive obesity on adipose and liver tissue hypoxia. METHODS Male 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD) or control diet (CD) for 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks. Serum ALT, AST and lipid levels were determined, and glucose and insulin tolerance testing was performed. Liver, gonadal and subcutaneous adipose tissue was assessed histologically. In vivo tissue pO2 measurements were performed in gonadal adipose tissue and liver under anesthesia. A PCR array for hypoxia responsive genes was performed in liver and adipose tissue. The main findings in the liver were validated in another diet-induced MASLD mice model, the choline-deficient L-amino acid defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD). RESULTS HFHFD feeding induced a progressive obesity, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and MASLD. In vivo pO2 was decreased in gonadal adipose tissue after 8 weeks of HFHFD compared to CD, and decreased further until 20 weeks. Liver pO2 was only significantly decreased after 16 and 20 weeks of HFHFD. Gene expression and histology confirmed the presence of hypoxia in liver and adipose tissue. Hypoxia could not be confirmed in mice fed a CDAHFD. CONCLUSION Diet-induced obesity in mice is associated with hypoxia in liver and adipose tissue. Adipose tissue hypoxia develops early in obesity, while liver hypoxia occurs later in the obesity development but still within the early stages of MASLD. Liver hypoxia could not be directly confirmed in a non-obese liver-only MASLD mice model, indicating that obesity-related processes such as adipose tissue hypoxia are important in the pathophysiology of obesity and MASLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Van Eyck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Wilhelmus J Kwanten
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Cédric Peleman
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sanae Makhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Center of Oncological Research (CORE), MIPRO, IPPON, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien Van De Maele
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Kim Van Hoorenbeeck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Joris De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sven Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Stijn L Verhulst
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee TW, Singleton DC, Harms JK, Lu M, McManaway SP, Lai A, Tercel M, Pruijn FB, Macann AMJ, Hunter FW, Wilson WR, Jamieson SMF. Clinical relevance and therapeutic predictive ability of hypoxia biomarkers in head and neck cancer tumour models. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38426642 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia promotes poor patient outcomes, with particularly strong evidence for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To effectively target hypoxia, therapies require selection biomarkers and preclinical models that can accurately model tumour hypoxia. We established 20 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) models of HNSCC that we characterised for their fidelity to represent clinical HNSCC in gene expression, hypoxia status and proliferation and that were evaluated for their sensitivity to hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs). PDX models showed greater fidelity in gene expression to clinical HNSCC than cell lines, as did CDX models relative to their paired cell lines. PDX models were significantly more hypoxic than CDX models, as assessed by hypoxia gene signatures and pimonidazole immunohistochemistry, and showed similar hypoxia gene expression to clinical HNSCC tumours. Hypoxia or proliferation status alone could not determine HAP sensitivity across our 20 HNSCC and two non-HNSCC tumour models by either tumour growth inhibition or killing of hypoxia cells in an ex vivo clonogenic assay. In summary, our tumour models provide clinically relevant HNSCC models that are suitable for evaluating hypoxia-targeting therapies; however, additional biomarkers to hypoxia are required to accurately predict drug sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tet Woo Lee
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dean C Singleton
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julia K Harms
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Man Lu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah P McManaway
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amy Lai
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Moana Tercel
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frederik B Pruijn
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew M J Macann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Francis W Hunter
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Oncology Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - William R Wilson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sweeney A, Arora A, Edwards S, Mallidi S. Ultrasound-guided Photoacoustic image Annotation Toolkit in MATLAB (PHANTOM) for preclinical applications. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.565885. [PMID: 37986998 PMCID: PMC10659350 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.565885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Depth-dependent fluence-compensation in photoacoustic (PA) imaging is paramount for accurate quantification of chromophores from deep tissues. Here we present a user-friendly toolkit named PHANTOM (PHotoacoustic ANnotation TOolkit for MATLAB) that includes a graphical interface and assists in the segmentation of ultrasound-guided PA images. We modelled the light source configuration with Monte Carlo eXtreme and utilized 3D segmented tissues from ultrasound to generate fluence maps to depth compensate PA images. The methodology was used to analyze PA images of phantoms with varying blood oxygenation and results were validated with oxygen electrode measurements. Two preclinical models, a subcutaneous tumor and a calcified placenta, were imaged and fluence-compensated using the PHANTOM toolkit and the results were verified with immunohistochemistry. The PHANTOM toolkit provides scripts and auxiliary functions to enable biomedical researchers not specialized in optical imaging to apply fluence correction to PA images, enhancing accessibility of quantitative PAI for researchers in various fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Sweeney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Aayush Arora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Skye Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Skingen VE, Hompland T, Fjeldbo CS, Salberg UB, Helgeland H, Ragnum HB, Aarnes EK, Vlatkovic L, Hole KH, Seierstad T, Lyng H. Prostate cancer radiogenomics reveals proliferative gene expression programs associated with distinct MRI-based hypoxia levels. Radiother Oncol 2023; 188:109875. [PMID: 37640161 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The biology behind individual hypoxia levels in patient tumors is poorly understood. Here, we used radiogenomics to identify associations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based hypoxia levels and biological processes derived from gene expression data in prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS For 85 prostate cancer patients, MRI-based hypoxia images were constructed by combining diffusion-weighted images reflecting oxygen consumption and supply. The ability to differentiate hypoxia levels in these images was verified by comparison with matched biopsy sections stained for the hypoxia marker pimonidazole. For MRI-defined hypoxia levels, corresponding hypoxic fractions were calculated and correlated with biopsy gene expression profiles. Biological processes were predicted by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and validated by immunohistochemistry (Ki67 proliferation marker, reactive stroma grade) and RT-PCR (MYC). RESULTS Genes with correlation between expression level and hypoxic fraction were identified for 56 MRI-based hypoxia levels. At all levels, GSEA identified proliferation as the predominant biological process enriched among the correlating genes. Two independent proliferative gene signatures were developed. The Peak1 signature, upregulated at moderate/severe hypoxia, reflected MYC upregulation and high Ki67-proliferation index of cancer cells in pimonidazole-positive regions. The Peak2 signature, upregulated at mild to non-hypoxic levels, was associated with fibroblast gene signature and reactive stroma grade. High scores of both Peak1 and Peak2 indicated elevated risk of biochemical recurrence in multiple cohorts. CONCLUSION Radiogenomics identified two gene expression programs activated at different hypoxia levels, reflecting proliferation of cancer cells and stroma cells. Genes involved in these programs could be candidate targets for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Eide Skingen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tord Hompland
- Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Unn Beate Salberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Helgeland
- Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Bull Ragnum
- Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway
| | | | | | - Knut Håkon Hole
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Therese Seierstad
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Lyng
- Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim H, Yoon J, Kim HK, Lee WT, Nguyen NT, Le XT, Lee EH, Lee ES, Oh KT, Choi HG, Youn YS. Upconverting nanoparticle-containing erythrocyte-sized hemoglobin microgels that generate heat, oxygen and reactive oxygen species for suppressing hypoxic tumors. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:112-126. [PMID: 36203958 PMCID: PMC9526021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by erythrocytes that contain oxygen-carrying hemoglobin (Hb) and that exhibit photo-driven activity, we introduce homogenous-sized erythrocyte-like Hb microgel (μGel) systems (5–6 μm) that can (i) emit heat, (ii) supply oxygen, and (iii) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS; 1O2) in response to near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Hb μGels consist of Hb, bovine serum albumin (BSA), chlorin e6 (Ce6) and erbium@lutetium upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs; ∼35 nm) that effectively convert 808 nm NIR light to 660 nm visible light. These Hb μGels are capable of releasing oxygen to help generate sufficient reactive oxygen species (1O2) from UCNPs/Ce6 under severely hypoxic condition upon NIR stimulation for efficient photodynamic activity. Moreover, the Hb μGels emit heat and increase surface temperature due to NIR light absorption by heme (iron protoporphyrin IX) and display photothermal activity. By changing the Hb/UCNP/Ce6 ratio and controlling the amount of NIR laser irradiation, it is possible to formulate bespoke Hb μGels with either photothermal or photodynamic activity or both in the context of combined therapeutic effect. These Hb μGels effectively suppress highly hypoxic 4T1 cell spheroid growth and xenograft mice tumors in vivo. Erythrocyte-like hemoglobin μGels are prepared with upconverting nanoparticles. The μGels respond to the 808 nm near-infrared laser irradiation. The μGels emit heat, supply oxygen, and generate reactive oxygen species. The μGels have combined photothermal and photodynamic activity. The μGels suppress the growth of severe hypoxic 4T1 xenograft tumors.
Collapse
|
7
|
Elming PB, Busk M, Wittenborn TR, Bussink J, Horsman MR, Lønbro S. The effect of single bout and prolonged aerobic exercise on tumor hypoxia in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:692-702. [PMID: 36727633 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00561.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate 1) the effect of acute aerobic exercise on tumor hypoxia and blood perfusion, 2) the impact of exercise intensity, 3) the duration of the effect, and 4) the effect of prolonged training on tumor hypoxia and tumor growth. Female CDF1 mice were inoculated with the C3H mammary carcinoma either in the mammary fat pad or subcutaneously in the back. For experiments on the effect of different intensities in a single exercise bout, mice were randomized to 30-min treadmill running at low-, moderate-, or high-intensity speeds or no exercise. To investigate the prolonged effect on hypoxia and tumor growth, tumor-bearing mice were randomized to no exercise (CON) or daily 30-min high-intensity exercise averaging 2 wk (EX). Tumor hypoxic fraction was quantified using the hypoxia marker Pimonidazole. Initially, high-intensity exercise reduced tumor hypoxic fraction by 37% compared with CON [P = 0.046; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1; 10.3] in fat pad tumors. Low- and moderate-intensity exercises did not. Following experiments investigating the duration of the effect-as well as experiments in mice with back tumors-failed to show any exercise-induced changes in hypoxia. Interestingly, prolonged daily training significantly reduced hypoxic fraction by 60% (P = 0.002; 95% CI: 2.5; 10.1) compared with CON. Despite diverging findings on the acute effect of exercise on hypoxia, our data indicate that if exercise has a diminishing effect, high-intensity exercise is needed. Prolonged training reduced tumor hypoxic fraction-cautiously suggesting a potential clinical potential.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides novel information on the effects of acute and chronic exercise on tumor hypoxia in mice. In contrast to the few related existing studies, diverging findings on tumor hypoxia after acute exercise were observed, suggesting that tumor model and location should be considered in future studies. Highly significant reductions in tumor hypoxia following chronic high-intensity exercise propose a future clinical potential but this should be investigated in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten Busk
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rea Wittenborn
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R Horsman
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Lønbro
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hypoxia, acidification and oxidative stress in cells cultured at large distances from an oxygen source. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21699. [PMID: 36522457 PMCID: PMC9755289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition frequently encountered by cells in tissues, whether as a normal feature of their microenvironment or subsequent to deregulated growth. Hypoxia can lead to acidification and increased oxidative stress, with profound consequences for cell physiology and tumorigenesis. Therefore, the interplay between hypoxia and oxidative stress is an important aspect for understanding the effects of hypoxic microenvironments on cells. We have used a previously developed variant of the method of coverslip-induced hypoxia to study the process of acidification in a hypoxic microenvironment and to simultaneously visualize intracellular levels of hypoxia and oxidative stress. We observed high accumulation of CO2 in hypoxic conditions, which we show is the main contributor to acidification in our model. Also, increased levels of oxidative stress were observed in moderately hypoxic cells close to the oxygen source, where the mitochondrial membrane potential was preserved. Conversely, cells at large distances from the oxygen source showed higher levels of hypoxia, milder oxidative stress and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results contribute to characterize the interplay between reduced oxygen levels, acidification and oxidative stress in a simple in vitro setting, which can be used to model cell responses to an altered environment, such as the early tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
|
9
|
A practical spatial analysis method for elucidating the biological mechanisms of cancers with abdominal dissemination in vivo. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20303. [PMID: 36434071 PMCID: PMC9700726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of spatial interactions between cancer and host cells is important for the development of new therapies against disseminated cancers. The aim of this study is to establish easy and useful method for elucidating spatial interactions. In this study, we developed a practical spatial analysis method using a gel-based embedding system and applied it to a murine model of cancer dissemination. After euthanization, every abdominal organ enclosed in the peritoneum was extracted en bloc. We injected agarose gel into the peritoneal cavities to preserve the spatial locations of the organs, including their metastatic niches, and then produced specimens when the gel had solidified. Preservation of the original spatial localization was confirmed by correlating magnetic resonance imaging results with the sectioned specimens. We examined the effects of spatial localization on cancer hypoxia using immunohistochemical hypoxia markers. Finally, we identified the mRNA expression of the specimens and demonstrated the applicability of spatial genetic analysis. In conclusion, we established a practical method for the in vivo investigation of spatial location-specific biological mechanisms in disseminated cancers. Our method can elucidate dissemination mechanisms, find therapeutic targets, and evaluate cancer therapeutic effects.
Collapse
|
10
|
Akhmedzhanova KG, Kurnikov AA, Khochenkov DA, Khochenkova YA, Glyavina AM, Kazakov VV, Yudintsev AV, Maslennikova AV, Turchin IV, Subochev PV, Orlova AG. In vivo monitoring of vascularization and oxygenation of tumor xenografts using optoacoustic microscopy and diffuse optical spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5695-5708. [PMID: 36733761 PMCID: PMC9872889 DOI: 10.1364/boe.469380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The research is devoted to comparison of the blood vessel structure and the oxygen state of three xenografts: SN-12C, HCT-116 and Colo320. Differences in the vessel formation and the level of oxygenation are revealed by optoacoustic (OA) microscopy and diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) respectively. The Colo320 tumor is characterized by the highest values of vessel size and fraction. DOS showed increased content of deoxyhemoglobin that led to reduction of saturation level for Colo320 as compared to other tumors. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for CD31 demonstrates the higher number of vessels in Colo320. The IHC for hypoxia was consistent with DOS results and revealed higher values of the relative hypoxic fraction in Colo320.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. G. Akhmedzhanova
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A. A. Kurnikov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - D. A. Khochenkov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Togliatti State University, Togliatti, Russia
| | - Yu. A. Khochenkova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. M. Glyavina
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V. V. Kazakov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A. V. Yudintsev
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A. V. Maslennikova
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - I. V. Turchin
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - P. V. Subochev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A. G. Orlova
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mello AM, Ngodup T, Lee Y, Donahue KL, Li J, Rao A, Carpenter ES, Crawford HC, Pasca di Magliano M, Lee KE. Hypoxia promotes an inflammatory phenotype of fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:56. [PMID: 36109493 PMCID: PMC9478137 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an extensive fibroinflammatory stroma and often experiences conditions of insufficient oxygen availability or hypoxia. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a predominant and heterogeneous population of stromal cells within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Here, we uncover a previously unrecognized role for hypoxia in driving an inflammatory phenotype in PDAC CAFs. We identify hypoxia as a strong inducer of tumor IL1ɑ expression, which is required for inflammatory CAF (iCAF) formation. Notably, iCAFs preferentially reside in hypoxic regions of PDAC. Our data implicate hypoxia as a critical regulator of CAF heterogeneity in PDAC.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dolezel M, Slavik M, Blazek T, Kazda T, Koranda P, Veverkova L, Burkon P, Cvek J. FMISO-Based Adaptive Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081245. [PMID: 36013194 PMCID: PMC9410424 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy represents one of the most used strategies in the curative treatment of patients with head and neck (HNC) cancer. Locoregional failure is the predominant recurrence pattern. Tumor hypoxia belongs to the main cause of treatment failure. Positron emission tomography (PET) using hypoxia radiotracers has been studied extensively and has proven its feasibility and reproducibility to detect tumor hypoxia. A number of studies confirmed that the uptake of FMISO in the recurrent region is significantly higher than that in the non-recurrent region. The escalation of dose to hypoxic tumors may improve outcomes. The technical feasibility of optimizing radiotherapeutic plans has been well documented. To define the hypoxic tumour volume, there are two main approaches: dose painting by contour (DPBC) or by number (DPBN) based on PET images. Despite amazing technological advances, precision in target coverage, and surrounding tissue sparring, radiation oncology is still not considered a targeted treatment if the “one dose fits all” approach is used. Using FMISO and other hypoxia tracers may be an important step for individualizing radiation treatment and together with future radiomic principles and a possible genome-based adjusting dose, will move radiation oncology into the precise and personalized era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dolezel
- Department of Oncology, Palacky University Medical School & Teaching Hospital, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Marek Slavik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65652 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (P.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomas Blazek
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 70852 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (T.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Tomas Kazda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65652 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (P.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Koranda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Palacky University Medical School & Teaching Hospital, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucia Veverkova
- Department of Radiology, Palacky University Medical School & Teaching Hospital, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Burkon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65652 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (P.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Cvek
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 70852 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (T.B.); (J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chia K, Paul RL, Weeks AJ, Naeem M, Mullen GE, Landau D, Blower PJ. Correlation of hypoxia PET tracer uptake with hypoxic radioresistance in cancer cells: PET biomarkers of resistance to stereotactic radiation therapy? Nucl Med Biol 2022; 110-111:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
14
|
A prognostic hypoxia gene signature with low heterogeneity within the dominant tumour lesion in prostate cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:321-328. [PMID: 35332267 PMCID: PMC9296675 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene signatures measured in a biopsy have been proposed as hypoxia biomarkers in prostate cancer. We assessed a previously developed signature, and aimed to determine its relationship to hypoxia and its heterogeneity within the dominant (index) lesion of prostate cancer. METHODS The 32-gene signature was assessed from gene expression data of 141 biopsies from the index lesion of 94 patients treated with prostatectomy. A gene score calculated from the expression levels was applied in the analyses. Hypoxic fraction from pimonidazole immunostained whole-mount and biopsy sections was used as reference standard for hypoxia. RESULTS The gene score was correlated with pimonidazole-defined hypoxic fraction in whole-mount sections, and the two parameters showed almost equal association with clinical markers of tumour aggressiveness. Based on the gene score, incorrect classification according to hypoxic fraction in whole-mount sections was seen in one third of the patients. The incorrect classifications were apparently not due to intra-tumour heterogeneity, since the score had low heterogeneity compared to pimonidazole-defined hypoxic fraction in biopsies. The score showed prognostic significance in uni-and multivariate analysis in independent cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Our signature from the index lesion reflects tumour hypoxia and predicts prognosis in prostate cancer, independent of intra-tumour heterogeneity in pimonidazole-defined hypoxia.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chang WL, Su YH. Zygotic hypoxia-inducible factor alpha regulates spicule elongation in the sea urchin embryo. Dev Biol 2022; 484:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
16
|
Assessment of hypoxia by pimonidazole staining following radiotherapy. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 172:179-189. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
17
|
Ritchie HE, Abela D, Ababneh D, Howe AM, Farrell E, Hegedus E. The effect of phenytoin on embryonic heart rate in Vivo. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 106:109-114. [PMID: 34653594 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenytoin is a known human teratogen with unknown etiology. Several mechanisms have been proposed including disturbances in folate metabolism, induction of embryonic hypoxia following phenytoin-induced bradycardia, free radical formation following re-oxygenation and phenytoin-induced maternal hyperglycemia. Using high frequency ultrasound, we demonstrated that phenytoin induced a dramatic decrease in the heart rate of embryos. This coincided with a moderate transient decrease in maternal heart rate and blood glucose levels. Embryonic heart rate had not fully recovered 24 h later in some embryos despite normal maternal physiological parameters. In a separate study, extent of hypoxia was measured using the marker pimonidazole. Phenytoin-exposed embryos did not demonstrate increased hypoxia compared to control embryos at 2, 4, 8 or 24 h dosing. Together our results show that phenytoin induces malformations as a result of a combination of insults: embryonic bradycardia, maternal bradycardia and maternal hyperglycemia. However, this does not appear to result in measurable embryonic hypoxia in our animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Ritchie
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Dominqiue Abela
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Deena Ababneh
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew M Howe
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Emma Farrell
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Hegedus
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Therapeutic Modification of Hypoxia. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:e492-e509. [PMID: 34535359 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Regions of reduced oxygenation (hypoxia) are a characteristic feature of virtually all animal and human solid tumours. Numerous preclinical studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have shown that decreasing oxygen concentration induces resistance to radiation. Importantly, hypoxia in human tumours is a negative indicator of radiotherapy outcome. Hypoxia also contributes to resistance to other cancer therapeutics, including immunotherapy, and increases malignant progression as well as cancer cell dissemination. Consequently, substantial effort has been made to detect hypoxia in human tumours and identify realistic approaches to overcome hypoxia and improve cancer therapy outcomes. Hypoxia-targeting strategies include improving oxygen availability, sensitising hypoxic cells to radiation, preferentially killing these cells, locating the hypoxic regions in tumours and increasing the radiation dose to those areas, or applying high energy transfer radiation, which is less affected by hypoxia. Despite numerous clinical studies with each of these hypoxia-modifying approaches, many of which improved both local tumour control and overall survival, hypoxic modification has not been established in routine clinical practice. Here we review the background and significance of hypoxia, how it can be imaged clinically and focus on the various hypoxia-modifying techniques that have undergone, or are currently in, clinical evaluation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Elming PB, Wittenborn TR, Busk M, Sørensen BS, Thomsen MBH, Strandgaard T, Dyrskjøt L, Nielsen S, Horsman MR. Refinement of an Established Procedure and Its Application for Identification of Hypoxia in Prostate Cancer Xenografts. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2602. [PMID: 34073301 PMCID: PMC8198481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This pre-clinical study was designed to refine a dissection method for validating the use of a 15-gene hypoxia classifier, which was previously established for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, to identify hypoxia in prostate cancer. METHODS PC3 and DU-145 adenocarcinoma cells, in vitro, were gassed with various oxygen concentrations (0-21%) for 24 h, followed by real-time PCR. Xenografts were established in vivo, and the mice were injected with the hypoxic markers [18F]-FAZA and pimonidazole. Subsequently, tumors were excised, frozen, cryo-sectioned, and analyzed using autoradiography ([18F]-FAZA) and immunohistochemistry (pimonidazole); the autoradiograms used as templates for laser capture microdissection of hypoxic and non-hypoxic areas, which were lysed, and real-time PCR was performed. RESULTS In vitro, all 15 genes were increasingly up-regulated as oxygen concentrations decreased. With the xenografts, all 15 genes were up-regulated in the hypoxic compared to non-hypoxic areas for both cell lines, although this effect was greater in the DU-145. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a combined autoradiographic/laser-guided microdissection method with broad applicability. Using this approach on fresh frozen tumor material, thereby minimizing the degree of RNA degradation, we showed that the 15-gene hypoxia gene classifier developed in HNSCC may be applicable for adenocarcinomas such as prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille B. Elming
- Experimental Clinical Oncology-Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.R.W.); (B.S.S.); (S.N.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Thomas R. Wittenborn
- Experimental Clinical Oncology-Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.R.W.); (B.S.S.); (S.N.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Morten Busk
- Danish Center for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Brita S. Sørensen
- Experimental Clinical Oncology-Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.R.W.); (B.S.S.); (S.N.); (M.R.H.)
- Danish Center for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Mathilde Borg Houlberg Thomsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.B.H.T.); (T.S.); (L.D.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Strandgaard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.B.H.T.); (T.S.); (L.D.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.B.H.T.); (T.S.); (L.D.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Nielsen
- Experimental Clinical Oncology-Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.R.W.); (B.S.S.); (S.N.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Michael R. Horsman
- Experimental Clinical Oncology-Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.R.W.); (B.S.S.); (S.N.); (M.R.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
D'Alonzo RA, Gill S, Rowshanfarzad P, Keam S, MacKinnon KM, Cook AM, Ebert MA. In vivo noninvasive preclinical tumor hypoxia imaging methods: a review. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:593-631. [PMID: 33703994 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumors exhibit areas of decreased oxygenation due to malformed blood vessels. This low oxygen concentration decreases the effectiveness of radiation therapy, and the resulting poor perfusion can prevent drugs from reaching areas of the tumor. Tumor hypoxia is associated with poorer prognosis and disease progression, and is therefore of interest to preclinical researchers. Although there are multiple different ways to measure tumor hypoxia and related factors, there is no standard for quantifying spatial and temporal tumor hypoxia distributions in preclinical research or in the clinic. This review compares imaging methods utilized for the purpose of assessing spatio-temporal patterns of hypoxia in the preclinical setting. Imaging methods provide varying levels of spatial and temporal resolution regarding different aspects of hypoxia, and with varying advantages and disadvantages. The choice of modality requires consideration of the specific experimental model, the nature of the required characterization and the availability of complementary modalities as well as immunohistochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A D'Alonzo
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Suki Gill
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Pejman Rowshanfarzad
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Synat Keam
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Kelly M MacKinnon
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Alistair M Cook
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Martin A Ebert
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- 5D Clinics, Claremont, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Thiruthaneeswaran N, Bibby BAS, Yang L, Hoskin PJ, Bristow RG, Choudhury A, West C. Lost in application: Measuring hypoxia for radiotherapy optimisation. Eur J Cancer 2021; 148:260-276. [PMID: 33756422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The history of radiotherapy is intertwined with research on hypoxia. There is level 1a evidence that giving hypoxia-targeting treatments with radiotherapy improves locoregional control and survival without compromising late side-effects. Despite coming in and out of vogue over decades, there is now an established role for hypoxia in driving molecular alterations promoting tumour progression and metastases. While tumour genomic complexity and immune profiling offer promise, there is a stronger evidence base for personalising radiotherapy based on hypoxia status. Despite this, there is only one phase III trial targeting hypoxia modification with full transcriptomic data available. There are no biomarkers in routine use for patients undergoing radiotherapy to aid management decisions, and a roadmap is needed to ensure consistency and provide a benchmark for progression to application. Gene expression signatures address past limitations of hypoxia biomarkers and could progress biologically optimised radiotherapy. Here, we review recent developments in generating hypoxia gene expression signatures and highlight progress addressing the challenges that must be overcome to pave the way for their clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niluja Thiruthaneeswaran
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Becky A S Bibby
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lingjang Yang
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter J Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; CRUK Manchester Institute and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Catharine West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tumor Hypoxia as a Barrier in Cancer Therapy: Why Levels Matter. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030499. [PMID: 33525508 PMCID: PMC7866096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and associated with poor outcome in most cancer types and treatment modalities, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery and, most likely, immunotherapy. Emerging strategies, such as proton therapy and combination therapies with radiation and hypoxia targeted drugs, provide new opportunities to overcome the hypoxia barrier and improve therapeutic outcome. Hypoxia is heterogeneously distributed both between and within tumors and shows large variations across patients not only in prevalence, but importantly, also in level. To best exploit the emerging strategies, a better understanding of how individual hypoxia levels from mild to severe affect tumor biology is vital. Here, we discuss our current knowledge on this topic and how we should proceed to gain more insight into the field. Abstract Hypoxia arises in tumor regions with insufficient oxygen supply and is a major barrier in cancer treatment. The distribution of hypoxia levels is highly heterogeneous, ranging from mild, almost non-hypoxic, to severe and anoxic levels. The individual hypoxia levels induce a variety of biological responses that impair the treatment effect. A stronger focus on hypoxia levels rather than the absence or presence of hypoxia in our investigations will help development of improved strategies to treat patients with hypoxic tumors. Current knowledge on how hypoxia levels are sensed by cancer cells and mediate cellular responses that promote treatment resistance is comprehensive. Recently, it has become evident that hypoxia also has an important, more unexplored role in the interaction between cancer cells, stroma and immune cells, influencing the composition and structure of the tumor microenvironment. Establishment of how such processes depend on the hypoxia level requires more advanced tumor models and methodology. In this review, we describe promising model systems and tools for investigations of hypoxia levels in tumors. We further present current knowledge and emerging research on cellular responses to individual levels, and discuss their impact in novel therapeutic approaches to overcome the hypoxia barrier.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ziółkowska-Suchanek I. Mimicking Tumor Hypoxia in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Employing Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010141. [PMID: 33445709 PMCID: PMC7828188 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the most common microenvironment feature of lung cancer tumors, which affects cancer progression, metastasis and metabolism. Oxygen induces both proteomic and genomic changes within tumor cells, which cause many alternations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review defines current knowledge in the field of tumor hypoxia in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including biology, biomarkers, in vitro and in vivo studies and also hypoxia imaging and detection. While classic two-dimensional (2D) in vitro research models reveal some hypoxia dependent manifestations, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models more accurately replicate the hypoxic TME. In this study, a systematic review of the current NSCLC 3D models that have been able to mimic the hypoxic TME is presented. The multicellular tumor spheroid, organoids, scaffolds, microfluidic devices and 3D bioprinting currently being utilized in NSCLC hypoxia studies are reviewed. Additionally, the utilization of 3D in vitro models for exploring biological and therapeutic parameters in the future is described.
Collapse
|
24
|
Cheng MHY, Mo Y, Zheng G. Nano versus Molecular: Optical Imaging Approaches to Detect and Monitor Tumor Hypoxia. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001549. [PMID: 33241672 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a ubiquitous feature of solid tumors, which plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis and resistance development. Conventional hypoxia detection methods lack continuous functional detection and are generally less suitable for dynamic hypoxia measurement. Optical sensors hereby provide a unique opportunity to noninvasively image hypoxia with high spatiotemporal resolution and enable real-time detection. Therefore, these approaches can provide a valuable tool for personalized treatment planning against this hallmark of aggressive cancers. Many small optical molecular probes can enable analyte triggered response and their photophysical properties can also be fine-tuned through structural modification. On the other hand, optical nanoprobes can acquire unique intrinsic optical properties through nanoconfinement as well as enable simultaneous multimodal imaging and drug delivery. Furthermore, nanoprobes provide biological advantages such as improving bioavailability and systemic delivery of the sensor to enhance bioavailability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physical, chemical, and biological analytes for cancer hypoxia detection and focuses on discussing the latest nano- and molecular developments in various optical imaging approaches (fluorescence, phosphorescence, and photoacoustic) in vivo. Finally, this review concludes with a perspective toward the potentials of these optical imaging approaches in hypoxia detection and the challenges with molecular and nanotechnology design strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miffy Hok Yan Cheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network 101 College Street, PMCRT 5–354 Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Yulin Mo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network 101 College Street, PMCRT 5–354 Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto 101 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network 101 College Street, PMCRT 5–354 Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto 101 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto 101 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Anderson J, Belafsky P, Clayton S, Archard J, Pavlic J, Rao S, Farwell DG, Kuhn M, Deng P, Halmai J, Bauer G, Fink K, Fury B, Perotti N, Walker J, Beliveau A, Birkeland A, Abouyared M, Cary W, Nolta J. Model of radiation-induced ambulatory dysfunction. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_259_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
26
|
Estrada-Bernal A, Le AT, Doak AE, Tirunagaru VG, Silva S, Bull MR, Smaill JB, Patterson AV, Kim C, Liu SV, Doebele RC. Tarloxotinib Is a Hypoxia-Activated Pan-HER Kinase Inhibitor Active Against a Broad Range of HER-Family Oncogenes. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1463-1475. [PMID: 33355298 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Approved therapies for EGFR exon 20, ERBB2 mutations, and NRG1 fusions are currently lacking for non-small cell lung cancer and other cancers. Tarloxotinib is a prodrug that harnesses tumor hypoxia to generate high levels of a potent, covalent pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tarloxotinib-effector (tarloxotinib-E), within the tumor microenvironment. This tumor-selective delivery mechanism was designed to minimize the dose-limiting toxicities that are characteristic of systemic inhibition of wild-type EGFR. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Novel and existing patient-derived cell lines and xenografts harboring EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, ERBB2 mutations and amplification, and NRG1 fusions were tested in vitro and in vivo with tarloxotinib to determine its impact on cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell signaling. RESULTS Tarloxotinib-E inhibited cell signaling and proliferation in patient-derived cancer models in vitro by directly inhibiting phosphorylation and activation of EGFR, HER2, and HER2/HER3 heterodimers. In vivo, tarloxotinib induced tumor regression or growth inhibition in multiple murine xenograft models. Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed markedly higher levels of tarloxotinib-E in tumor tissue than plasma or skin. Finally, a patient with lung adenocarcinoma harboring an ERBB2 exon 20 p.A775_G776insYVMA mutation demonstrated a dramatic clinical response to tarloxotinib. CONCLUSIONS Experimental data with tarloxotinib validate the novel mechanism of action of a hypoxia-activated prodrug in cancer models by concentrating active drug in the tumor versus normal tissue, and this activity can translate into clinical activity in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Estrada-Bernal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anh T Le
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrea E Doak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Shevan Silva
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matthew R Bull
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, c/o The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeff B Smaill
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, c/o The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adam V Patterson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, c/o The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chul Kim
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Stephen V Liu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Robert C Doebele
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mint3 depletion restricts tumor malignancy of pancreatic cancer cells by decreasing SKP2 expression via HIF-1. Oncogene 2020; 39:6218-6230. [PMID: 32826949 PMCID: PMC7515798 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal cancers without druggable molecular targets. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric transcriptional factor that promotes malignancy in various cancers including pancreatic cancer. Herein, we found that HIF-1 is accumulated in normoxic or moderate hypoxic areas of pancreatic cancer xenografts in vivo and is active even during normoxia in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. This prompted us to analyze whether the HIF-1 activator Mint3 contributes to malignant features of pancreatic cancer. Mint3 depletion by shRNAs attenuated HIF-1 activity during normoxia and cell proliferation concomitantly with accumulated p21 and p27 protein in pancreatic cancer cells. Further analyses revealed that Mint3 increased transcription of the oncogenic ubiquitin ligase SKP2 in pancreatic cancer cells via HIF-1. This Mint3-HIF-1-SKP2 axis also promoted partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness features, and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Even in vivo, Mint3 depletion attenuated tumor growth of orthotopically inoculated human pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells. Database and tissue microarray analyses showed that Mint3 expression is correlated with SKP2 expression in human pancreatic cancer specimens and high Mint3 expression is correlated with poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Thus, targeting Mint3 may be useful for attenuating the malignant features of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
28
|
Gray M, Turnbull AK, Meehan J, Martínez-Pérez C, Kay C, Pang LY, Argyle DJ. Comparative Analysis of the Development of Acquired Radioresistance in Canine and Human Mammary Cancer Cell Lines. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:439. [PMID: 32851022 PMCID: PMC7396503 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Research using in vitro canine mammary cancer cell lines and naturally-occurring canine mammary tumors are not only fundamental models used to advance the understanding of cancer in veterinary patients, but are also regarded as excellent translational models of human breast cancer. Human breast cancer is commonly treated with radiotherapy; however, tumor response depends on both innate radiosensitivity and on tumor repopulation by cells that develop radioresistance. Comparative canine and human studies investigating the mechanisms of radioresistance may lead to novel cancer treatments that benefit both species. In this study, we developed a canine mammary cancer (REM-134) radioresistant (RR) cell line and investigated the cellular mechanisms related to the development of acquired radioresistance. We performed a comparative analysis of this resistant model with our previously developed human breast cancer radioresistant cell lines (MCF-7 RR, ZR-751 RR, and MDA-MB-231 RR), characterizing inherent differences through genetic, molecular, and cell biology approaches. RR cells demonstrated enhanced invasion/migration capabilities, with phenotypic evidence suggestive of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Similarities were identified between the REM-134 RR, MCF-7 RR, and ZR-751 RR cell lines in relation to the pattern of expression of both epithelial and mesenchymal genes, in addition to WNT, PI3K, and MAPK pathway activation. Following the development of radioresistance, transcriptomic data indicated that parental MCF-7 and ZR-751 cell lines changed from a luminal A classification to basal/HER2-overexpressing (MCF-7 RR) and normal-like/HER2-overexpressing (ZR-751 RR). These radioresistant subtypes were similar to the REM-134 and REM-134 RR cell lines, which were classified as HER2-overexpressing. To our knowledge, our study is the first to generate a canine mammary cancer RR cell line model and provide a comparative genetic and phenotypic analysis of the mechanisms of acquired radioresistance between canine and human cancer cell lines. We demonstrate that the cellular processes that occur with the development of acquired radioresistance are similar between the human and canine cell lines; our results therefore suggest that the canine model is appropriate to study both human and canine radioresistant mammary cancers, and that treatment strategies used in human medicine may also be applicable to veterinary patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gray
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Arran K Turnbull
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James Meehan
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Martínez-Pérez
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charlene Kay
- Translational Oncology Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Y Pang
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David J Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Maki Y, Nygard K, Hammond RR, Regnault TRH, Richardson BS. Maternal Undernourishment in Guinea Pigs Leads to Fetal Growth Restriction with Increased Hypoxic Cells and Oxidative Stress in the Brain. Dev Neurosci 2020; 41:290-299. [PMID: 32316015 DOI: 10.1159/000506939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We determined whether maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) in guinea pigs leading to fetal growth restriction (FGR) impacts markers for brain hypoxia and oxidative stress. METHODS Guinea pigs were fed ad libitum (control) or 70% of the control diet before pregnancy, switching to 90% at mid-pregnancy (MNR). Near term, hypoxyprobe-1 (HP-1) was injected into pregnant sows. Fetuses were then necropsied and brain tissues were processed for HP-1 (hypoxia marker) and 4HNE, 8-OHdG, and 3-nitrotyrosine (oxidative stress markers) immunoreactivity (IR). RESULTS FGR-MNR fetal and brain weights were decreased 38 and 12%, respectively, with brain/fetal weights thereby increased 45% as a measure of brain sparing, and more so in males than females. FGR-MNR HP-1 IR was increased in most of the brain regions studied, and more so in males than females, while 4HNE and 8-OHdG IR were increased in select brain regions, but with no sex differences. CONCLUSIONS Chronic hypoxia is likely to be an important signaling mechanism in the FGR brain, but with males showing more hypoxia than females. This may involve sex differences in adaptive decreases in growth and normalizing of oxygen, with implications for sex-specific alterations in brain development and risk for later neuropsychiatric disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Maki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Nygard
- Biotron Integrated Microscopy Facility, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert R Hammond
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,The Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan S Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, .,The Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yousaf I, Kaeppler J, Frost S, Seymour LW, Jacobus EJ. Attenuation of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor Pathway after Oncolytic Adenovirus Infection Coincides with Decreased Vessel Perfusion. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E851. [PMID: 32244697 PMCID: PMC7225929 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between oncolytic virus infection and tumour hypoxia is particularly unexplored in vivo, although hypoxia is present in virtually all solid carcinomas. In this study, oncolytic adenovirus infection foci were found within pimonidazole-reactive, oxygen-poor areas in a colorectal xenograft tumour, where the expression of VEGF, a target gene of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), was attenuated. We hypothesised that adenovirus infection interferes with the HIF-signalling axis in the hypoxic tumour niche, possibly modifying the local vascular supply. In vitro, enadenotucirev (EnAd), adenovirus 11p and adenovirus 5 decreased the protein expression of HIF-1α only during the late phase of the viral life cycle by transcriptional down-regulation and not post-translational regulation. The decreasing HIF levels resulted in the down-regulation of angiogenic factors such as VEGF, coinciding with reduced endothelial tube formation but also increased T-cell activation in conditioned media transfer experiments. Using intravital microscopy, a decreased perfused vessel volume was observed in infected tumour nodules upon systemic delivery of EnAd, encoding the oxygen-independent fluorescent reporter UnaG to a tumour xenograft grown under an abdominal window chamber. We conclude that the attenuation of the HIF pathway upon adenoviral infection may contribute to anti-vascular and immunostimulatory effects in the periphery of established infection foci in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Yousaf
- Anticancer Viruses and Cancer Vaccines Research Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (I.Y.); (S.F.)
| | - Jakob Kaeppler
- Mechanisms of Metastasis Research Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - Sally Frost
- Anticancer Viruses and Cancer Vaccines Research Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (I.Y.); (S.F.)
| | - Len W. Seymour
- Anticancer Viruses and Cancer Vaccines Research Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (I.Y.); (S.F.)
| | - Egon J. Jacobus
- Anticancer Viruses and Cancer Vaccines Research Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (I.Y.); (S.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Macklin PS, Yamamoto A, Browning L, Hofer M, Adam J, Pugh CW. Recent advances in the biology of tumour hypoxia with relevance to diagnostic practice and tissue-based research. J Pathol 2020; 250:593-611. [PMID: 32086807 DOI: 10.1002/path.5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we examine the importance of low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) in cancer biology. We provide a brief description of how mammalian cells sense oxygen. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway is currently the best characterised oxygen-sensing system, but recent work has revealed that mammals also use an oxygen-sensing system found in plants to regulate the abundance of some proteins and peptides with an amino-terminal cysteine residue. We discuss how the HIF pathway is affected during the growth of solid tumours, which develop in microenvironments with gradients of oxygen availability. We then introduce the concept of 'pseudohypoxia', a state of constitutive, oxygen-independent HIF system activation that occurs due to oncogenic stimulation in a number of specific tumour types that are of immediate relevance to diagnostic histopathologists. We provide an overview of the different methods of quantifying tumour hypoxia, emphasising the importance of pre-analytic factors in interpreting the results of tissue-based studies. Finally, we review recent approaches to targeting hypoxia/HIF system activation for therapeutic benefit, the application of which may require knowledge of which hypoxia signalling components are being utilised by a given tumour. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Macklin
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa Browning
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Monika Hofer
- Department of Neuropathology and Ocular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Adam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nagasawa H, Okuda K, G. M. Youssif B, Sakai R, Ueno T, Sakai T, Kadonosono T, Okabe Y, I. Abdel Razek Salem O, M. Hayallah A, A. Hussein M, Kizaka-Kondoh S. Development of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes with Large Stokes Shifts for Non-Invasive Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-s(f)47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
33
|
A Novel PET Probe "[ 18F]DiFA" Accumulates in Hypoxic Region via Glutathione Conjugation Following Reductive Metabolism. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:122-129. [PMID: 29845425 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia in tumor has close relationship with angiogenesis and tumor progression. Previously, we developed 2,2-dihydroxymethyl-3-[18F]fluoropropyl-2-nitroimidazole ([18F]DiFA) as a novel positron emission tomography (PET) probe for diagnosis of hypoxia. In this study, we elucidated whether the accumulation of [18F]DiFA in cells is dependent on the hypoxic state and revealed how [18F]DiFA accumulates in hypoxic cells in combination with imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). PROCEDURES FaDu human head and neck cancer cells were treated with [18F]DiFA and then incubated under normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2) for 2 h. The cells were extracted using methanol, and the radioactivities of the precipitates (macromolecule fraction) and supernatants (low-molecular-weight fraction) were measured. FaDu-bearing mice were injected intravenously with [18F]DiFA and with pimonidazole 1 h later. The tumors were excised 2 h after the injection of [18F]DiFA. Autoradiography, IMS, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for pimonidazole were performed with serial tumor sections. RESULTS In the in vitro study, the radioactivity of FaDu cells was significantly higher under hypoxia than that under normoxia (0.53 ± 0.02 vs. 0.27 ± 0.02 %dose/mg protein, p < 0.05). The radioactivity of the low-molecular-weight fraction was 66.3 ± 0.6% in the hypoxic cell. In the in vivo study, [18F]DiFA accumulated in the tumor tissues existed mainly as low-molecular-weight compounds (90.4 ± 0.9%). In addition, the glutathione conjugate of reductive DiFA metabolite (amino-DiFA-GS) existed in tumor tissues revealed by the IMS study, and the distribution pattern of amino-DiFA-GS was very similar to that of the radioactivity and the positive staining area of pimonidazole. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that [18F]DiFA undergoes the glutathione conjugation reaction following reductive metabolism in hypoxic cells, which leads hypoxia-specific PET imaging with [18F]DiFA.
Collapse
|
34
|
Drouin G, Couture V, Lauzon MA, Balg F, Faucheux N, Grenier G. Muscle injury-induced hypoxia alters the proliferation and differentiation potentials of muscle resident stromal cells. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9:18. [PMID: 31217019 PMCID: PMC6582603 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trauma-induced heterotopic ossification (HO) is a complication that develops under three conditions: the presence of an osteogenic progenitor cell, an inducing factor, and a permissive environment. We previously showed that a mouse multipotent Sca1+ CD31− Lin− muscle resident stromal cell (mrSC) population is involved in the development of HO in the presence of inducing factors, members of the bone morphogenetic protein family. Interestingly, BMP9 unlike BMP2 causes HO only if the muscle is damaged by injection of cardiotoxin. Because acute trauma often results in blood vessel breakdown, we hypothesized that a hypoxic state in damaged muscles may foster mrSCs activation and proliferation and trigger differentiation toward an osteogenic lineage, thus promoting the development of HO. Methods Three- to - six-month-old male C57Bl/6 mice were used to induce muscle damage by injection of cardiotoxin intramuscularly into the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles. mrSCs were isolated from damaged (hypoxic state) and contralateral healthy muscles and counted, and their osteoblastic differentiation with or without BMP2 and BMP9 was determined by alkaline phosphatase activity measurement. The proliferation and differentiation of mrSCs isolated from healthy muscles was also studied in normoxic incubator and hypoxic conditions. The effect of hypoxia on BMP synthesis and Smad pathway activation was determined by qPCR and/or Western blot analyses. Differences between normally distributed groups were compared using a Student’s paired t test or an unpaired t test. Results The hypoxic state of a severely damaged muscle increased the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mrSCs. mrSCs isolated from damaged muscles also displayed greater sensitivity to osteogenic signals, especially BMP9, than did mrSCs from a healthy muscle. In hypoxic conditions, mrSCs isolated from a control muscle were more proliferative and were more prone to osteogenic differentiation. Interestingly, Smad1/5/8 activation was detected in hypoxic conditions and was still present after 5 days, while Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation could not be detected after 3 h of normoxic incubator condition. BMP9 mRNA transcripts and protein levels were higher in mrSCs cultured in hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest that low-oxygen levels in damaged muscle influence mrSC behavior by facilitating their differentiation into osteoblasts. This effect may be mediated partly through the activation of the Smad pathway and the expression of osteoinductive growth factors such as BMP9 by mrSCs. Conclusion Hypoxia should be considered a key factor in the microenvironment of damaged muscle that triggers HO. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-019-0202-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Drouin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Vanessa Couture
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Laboratory of 3D Cell Culture Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul Universite, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Frédéric Balg
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. .,Laboratory of Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul Universite, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Guillaume Grenier
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Van Nest SJ, Nicholson LM, Pavey N, Hindi MN, Brolo AG, Jirasek A, Lum JJ. Raman spectroscopy detects metabolic signatures of radiation response and hypoxic fluctuations in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:474. [PMID: 31109312 PMCID: PMC6528330 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is a standard form of treating non-small cell lung cancer, however, local recurrence is a major issue with this type of treatment. A better understanding of the metabolic response to radiation therapy may provide insight into improved approaches for local tumour control. Cyclic hypoxia is a well-established determinant that influences radiation response, though its impact on other metabolic pathways that control radiosensitivity remains unclear. METHODS We used an established Raman spectroscopic (RS) technique in combination with immunofluorescence staining to measure radiation-induced metabolic responses in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumour xenografts. Tumours were established in NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J mice, and were exposed to radiation doses of 15 Gy or left untreated. Tumours were harvested at 2 h, 1, 3 and 10 days post irradiation. RESULTS We report that xenografted NSCLC tumours demonstrate rapid and stable metabolic changes, following exposure to 15 Gy radiation doses, which can be measured by RS and are dictated by the extent of local tissue oxygenation. In particular, fluctuations in tissue glycogen content were observed as early as 2 h and as late as 10 days post irradiation. Metabolically, this signature was correlated to the extent of tumour regression. Immunofluorescence staining for γ-H2AX, pimonidazole and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) correlated with RS-identified metabolic changes in hypoxia and reoxygenation following radiation exposure. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that RS can identify sequential changes in hypoxia and tumour reoxygenation in NSCLC, that play crucial roles in radiosensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Van Nest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, PO BOX 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Leah M. Nicholson
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Nils Pavey
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Mathew N. Hindi
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Alexandre G. Brolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO BOX 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6 Canada
| | - Andrew Jirasek
- Department of Physics, I.K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - Julian J. Lum
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, PO BOX 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Badran M, Abuyassin B, Ayas N, Laher I. Intermittent hypoxia impairs uterine artery function in pregnant mice. J Physiol 2019; 597:2639-2650. [PMID: 31002746 PMCID: PMC6826231 DOI: 10.1113/jp277775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a chronic condition characterized by intermittent hypoxia that induces oxidative stress and inflammation leading to cardiovascular disease. Women can develop OSA during late pregnancy, which is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the effects of OSA throughout pregnancy on fetoplacental outcomes are unknown. Using a mouse model of intermittent hypoxia, we evaluated main uterine artery function, spiral artery remodelling, circulating angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, and placental hypoxia and oxidative stress at gestational day 14.5 in pregnant mice. Gestational intermittent hypoxia increased placental weight but decreased fetal weight, impaired uterine artery function, increased circulating angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, and induced placental hypoxia and oxidative stress, but had no impact on spiral artery remodelling. Our results suggest that pregnant women experiencing OSA during pregnancy could be at risk of maternal and fetal complications. ABSTRACT Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) and is associated with increased inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. OSA is a common sleep disorder and remains under-diagnosed; it can increase the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women. We investigated the effects of gestational IH (GIH) on uterine artery function, spiral artery remodelling and placental circulating angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in pregnant female mice. WT C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks) were exposed to either GIH ( F I O 2 12%) or intermittent air ( F I O 2 21%) for 14.5 days of gestation. Exposure to GIH reduced fetal weight but increased placental weight. GIH dams had higher plasma levels of oxidative stress (8-isoprostane) and inflammatory markers (tumour necrosis factor-α). GIH significantly reduced uterine artery function as indicated by reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and enhanced vasoconstriction. Plasma levels of placental angiogenic and anti-angiogenic markers (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, soluble endoglin, angiogenic placental growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor) were higher in pregnant mice exposed to GIH. There was no evidence of impaired spiral artery remodelling based on immunostaining with α-smooth muscle actin and cytokeratin-7, and also by measurements of lumen area. Immunostaining for markers of hypoxia (pimonidazole) and oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal) were higher in mice exposed to GIH. Our data show that GIH adversely affects uterine vascular function and may be a mechanism by which gestational OSA leads to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Badran
- Department of AnesthesiologyPharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Bisher Abuyassin
- Department of AnesthesiologyPharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Najib Ayas
- Divisions of Critical Care and Respiratory MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Sleep Disorders ProgramUBC HospitalVancouverBCCanada
- Division of Critical Care MedicineProvidence HealthcareVancouverBCCanada
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of AnesthesiologyPharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Arocena M, Landeira M, Di Paolo A, Silva A, Sotelo‐Silveira J, Fernández A, Alonso J. Using a variant of coverslip hypoxia to visualize tumor cell alterations at increasing distances from an oxygen source. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16671-16678. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Arocena
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
- Departamento de Genómica Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo Uruguay
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biofísica, Facultad de Odontología Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Mercedes Landeira
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
- Departamento de Genómica Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Andrés Di Paolo
- Departamento de Genómica Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Silva
- Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - José Sotelo‐Silveira
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
- Departamento de Genómica Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Ariel Fernández
- Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Julia Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Moreau JLM, Kesteven S, Martin EMMA, Lau KS, Yam MX, O'Reilly VC, Del Monte-Nieto G, Baldini A, Feneley MP, Moon AM, Harvey RP, Sparrow DB, Chapman G, Dunwoodie SL. Gene-environment interaction impacts on heart development and embryo survival. Development 2019; 146:146/4/dev172957. [PMID: 30787001 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect. In recent years, research has focussed on identifying the genetic causes of CHD. However, only a minority of CHD cases can be attributed to single gene mutations. In addition, studies have identified different environmental stressors that promote CHD, but the additive effect of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors is poorly understood. In this context, we have investigated the effects of short-term gestational hypoxia on mouse embryos genetically predisposed to heart defects. Exposure of mouse embryos heterozygous for Tbx1 or Fgfr1/Fgfr2 to hypoxia in utero increased the incidence and severity of heart defects while Nkx2-5+/- embryos died within 2 days of hypoxic exposure. We identified the molecular consequences of the interaction between Nkx2-5 and short-term gestational hypoxia, which suggest that reduced Nkx2-5 expression and a prolonged hypoxia-inducible factor 1α response together precipitate embryo death. Our study provides insight into the causes of embryo loss and variable penetrance of monogenic CHD, and raises the possibility that cases of foetal death and CHD in humans could be caused by similar gene-environment interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie L M Moreau
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Scott Kesteven
- Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Ella M M A Martin
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Kin S Lau
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Michelle X Yam
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Victoria C O'Reilly
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Del Monte-Nieto
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Antonio Baldini
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, and Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michael P Feneley
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Cardiac Physiology and Transplantation Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Anne M Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
| | - Duncan B Sparrow
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Gavin Chapman
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia .,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2033, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Keeley TP, Mann GE. Defining Physiological Normoxia for Improved Translation of Cell Physiology to Animal Models and Humans. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:161-234. [PMID: 30354965 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2 ~21 kPa) and its ultimate distribution within mitochondria (as low as ~0.5-1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended in limiting its inherent toxicity. It has long been recognized that cell culture undertaken under room air conditions falls short of replicating this protection in vitro. Despite this, difficulty in accurately determining the appropriate O2 levels in which to culture cells, coupled with a lack of the technology to replicate and maintain a physiological O2 environment in vitro, has hindered addressing this issue thus far. In this review, we aim to address the current understanding of tissue Po2 distribution in vivo and summarize the attempts made to replicate these conditions in vitro. The state-of-the-art techniques employed to accurately determine O2 levels, as well as the issues associated with reproducing physiological O2 levels in vitro, are also critically reviewed. We aim to provide the framework for researchers to undertake cell culture under O2 levels relevant to specific tissues and organs. We envisage that this review will facilitate a paradigm shift, enabling translation of findings under physiological conditions in vitro to disease pathology and the design of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Keeley
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kim H, Lin Q, Yun Z. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment in vivo selects tumor cells with increased survival against genotoxic stresses. Cancer Lett 2018; 431:142-149. [PMID: 29859297 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor sensitivity to radiation therapy has been known to be dependent on O2 concentrations. However, radiosensitivity of naturally occurring hypoxic tumor cells remains to be well fully investigated in direct comparison to that of their adjacent non-hypoxic tumor cells within the same tumor. We developed a hypoxia-sensing xenograft model using the hypoxia-response element (HRE)-driven enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) as a hypoxia reporter to identify hypoxic tumor cells in situ. Here, we have found that naturally hypoxic tumor cells are moderately radioresistant compared to their neighboring non-hypoxic tumor cells in the same tumor. These naturally hypoxic tumor cells are proficient at repairing DNA damages and resist apoptosis induced by genotoxic stresses, which involves activation of the ATM/CHK1/CHK2 DNA damage-sensing pathway. Inhibition of the checkpoint kinases sensitizes the ex vivo hypoxic tumor cells to ionizing irradiation. Second, the new functional phenotypes acquired by the hypoxic tumor cells in vivo are stable even after they are maintained under non-hypoxic conditions. These new results strongly suggest that the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is capable of selecting stable tumor cell populations with increased resistance to genotoxic stresses and enhanced survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Qun Lin
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Zhong Yun
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wardman P. Nitroimidazoles as hypoxic cell radiosensitizers and hypoxia probes: misonidazole, myths and mistakes. Br J Radiol 2018; 92:20170915. [PMID: 29303355 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroimidazoles have been extensively explored as hypoxic cell radiosensitizers but have had limited clinical success, with efficacy restricted by toxicity. However, they have proven clinically useful as probes for tumour hypoxia. Both applications, and probably much of the dose-limiting toxicities, reflect the dominant chemical property of electron affinity or ease of reduction, associated with the nitro substituent in an aromatic structure. This single dominant property affords unusual, indeed extraordinary flexibility in drug or probe design, suggesting further development is possible in spite of earlier limitations, in particular building on the benefit of hindsight and an appreciation of errors made in earlier studies. The most notable errors were: the delay in viewing cellular thiol depletion as a likely common artefact in testing in vitro; slow recognition of pH-driven concentration gradients when compounds were weak acids and bases; and a failure to explore the possible involvement of pH and ascorbate in influencing hypoxia probe binding. The experience points to the need to involve a wider range of expertise than that historically involved in many laboratories when studying the effects of chemicals on radiation response or using diagnostic probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wardman
- Formerly of the Gray Cancer Institute, University of Oxford, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Prestipino L, Polson JW, Brolin E, Ritchie HE. Long-term programming effects on blood pressure following gestational exposure to the I Kr blocker Dofetilide. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13621. [PMID: 29504284 PMCID: PMC5835481 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A slow embryonic heart rate in early-mid gestation is associated with increased risk of embryonic death and malformation, however, the long-term consequences remain unknown. We administered Dofetilide (Dof, 2.5 mg/kg), a drug that produces embryo-specific bradycardia, to pregnant rats from gestational days 11-14. Embryonic heart rate and rhythm were determined using embryo culture. Cardiovascular function was assessed in surviving adult offspring at rest, during acute psychological stress (air jet stress, AJS), and after 7 days of repeated AJS. Dof reduced embryonic HR by 40% for ~8 h on each of the treatment days. On postnatal day 3, Dof offspring were ~10% smaller. Blood pressure was elevated in adult Dof rats (systolic blood pressure, night: 103.8 ± 3.9 vs. 111.2 ± 3.0 mmHg, P = 0.01). While the pressor response to AJS was similar in both groups (control 17.7 ± 3.4; Dof 18.9 ± 0.9 mmHg, P = 0.74), after 7 days repeated AJS, clear habituation was present in control (P = 0.0001) but not Dof offspring (P = 0.48). Only Dof offspring showed a small increase in resting blood pressure after 7 days repeated stress (+3.9 ± 1.7 mmHg, P = 0.05). The results indicate that embryonic bradycardia programs hypertension and impaired stress adaptation, and have implications for the maternal use of cardioactive drugs during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Prestipino
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch InstituteSydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jaimie W. Polson
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch InstituteSydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Elisabeth Brolin
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch InstituteSydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Helen E. Ritchie
- School of Medical Sciences and Bosch InstituteSydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fricker M, Goggins BJ, Mateer S, Jones B, Kim RY, Gellatly SL, Jarnicki AG, Powell N, Oliver BG, Radford-Smith G, Talley NJ, Walker MM, Keely S, Hansbro PM. Chronic cigarette smoke exposure induces systemic hypoxia that drives intestinal dysfunction. JCI Insight 2018; 3:94040. [PMID: 29415878 PMCID: PMC5821186 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are risk factors for CD, although the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We employed a mouse model of CS-induced experimental COPD and clinical studies to examine these mechanisms. Concurrent with the development of pulmonary pathology and impaired gas exchange, CS-exposed mice developed CD-associated pathology in the colon and ileum, including gut mucosal tissue hypoxia, HIF-2 stabilization, inflammation, increased microvasculature, epithelial cell turnover, and decreased intestinal barrier function. Subsequent smoking cessation reduced GIT pathology, particularly in the ileum. Dimethyloxaloylglycine, a pan-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, ameliorated CS-induced GIT pathology independently of pulmonary pathology. Prior smoke exposure exacerbated intestinal pathology in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced (TNBS-induced) colitis. Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor, a marker of systemic hypoxia, correlated with CS exposure and CD in mice and humans. Increased mucosal vascularisation was evident in ileum biopsies from CD patients who smoke compared with nonsmokers, supporting our preclinical data. We provide strong evidence that chronic CS exposure and, for the first time to our knowledge, associated impaired gas exchange cause systemic and intestinal ischemia, driving angiogenesis and GIT epithelial barrier dysfunction, resulting in increased risk and severity of CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fricker
- Priority research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bridie J. Goggins
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean Mateer
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernadette Jones
- Priority research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Y. Kim
- Priority research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaan L. Gellatly
- Priority research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Jarnicki
- Priority research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas Powell
- Faculty of Translational Medicine, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ and King’s College London Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graham Radford-Smith
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, and
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Talley
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marjorie M. Walker
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Priority research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Preibisch C, Shi K, Kluge A, Lukas M, Wiestler B, Göttler J, Gempt J, Ringel F, Al Jaberi M, Schlegel J, Meyer B, Zimmer C, Pyka T, Förster S. Characterizing hypoxia in human glioma: A simultaneous multimodal MRI and PET study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3775. [PMID: 28805936 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia plays an important role for the prognosis and therapy response of cancer. Thus, hypoxia imaging would be a valuable tool for pre-therapeutic assessment of tumor malignancy. However, there is no standard validated technique for clinical application available yet. Therefore, we performed a study in 12 patients with high-grade glioma, where we directly compared the two currently most promising techniques, namely the MR-based relative oxygen extraction fraction (MR-rOEF) and the PET hypoxia marker H-1-(3-[18 F]-fluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)-2-nitroimidazole ([18 F]-FMISO). MR-rOEF was determined from separate measurements of T2 , T2 * and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) employing a multi-parametric approach for quantification of the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) effect. With respect to [18 F]-FMISO-PET, besides the commonly used late uptake between 120 and 130 min ([18 F]-FMISO120-130 min ), we also analyzed the hypoxia specific uptake rate [18 F]-FMISO-k3 , as obtained by pharmacokinetic modeling of dynamic uptake data. Since pharmacokinetic modeling of partially acquired dynamic [18 F]-FMISO data was sensitive to a low signal-to-noise-ratio, analysis was restricted to high-uptake tumor regions. Individual spatial analyses of deoxygenation and hypoxia-related parameter maps revealed that high MR-rOEF values clustered in (edematous) peritumoral tissue, while areas with high [18 F]-FMISO120-130 min concentrated in and around active tumor with disrupted blood-brain barrier, i.e. contrast enhancement in T1 -weighted MRI. Volume-of-interest-based correlations between MR-rOEF and [18 F]-FMISO120-130 min as well as [18 F]-FMISO-k3 , and voxel-wise analyses in individual patients, yielded limited correlations, supporting the notion that [18 F]-FMISO uptake, even after 2 h, might still be influenced by perfusion while [18 F]-FMISO-k3 was severely hampered by noise. According to these results, vascular deoxygenation, as measured by MR-rOEF, and severe tissue hypoxia, as measured by [18 F]-FMISO, show a poor spatial correspondence. Overall, the two methods appear to rather provide complementary than redundant information about high-grade glioma biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Preibisch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Clinic for Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kuangyu Shi
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Kluge
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Lukas
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wiestler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Göttler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Ringel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamed Al Jaberi
- Department of Neuropathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Pyka
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Förster
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Shi H, O'Reilly VC, Moreau JLM, Bewes TR, Yam MX, Chapman BE, Grieve SM, Stocker R, Graham RM, Chapman G, Sparrow DB, Dunwoodie SL. Gestational stress induces the unfolded protein response, resulting in heart defects. Development 2017; 143:2561-72. [PMID: 27436040 DOI: 10.1242/dev.136820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is an enigma. It is the most common human birth defect and yet, even with the application of modern genetic and genomic technologies, only a minority of cases can be explained genetically. This is because environmental stressors also cause CHD. Here we propose a plausible non-genetic mechanism for induction of CHD by environmental stressors. We show that exposure of mouse embryos to short-term gestational hypoxia induces the most common types of heart defect. This is mediated by the rapid induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which profoundly reduces FGF signaling in cardiac progenitor cells of the second heart field. Thus, UPR activation during human pregnancy might be a common cause of CHD. Our findings have far-reaching consequences because the UPR is activated by a myriad of environmental or pathophysiological conditions. Ultimately, our discovery could lead to preventative strategies to reduce the incidence of human CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Shi
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Victoria C O'Reilly
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Julie L M Moreau
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Therese R Bewes
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Michelle X Yam
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Bogdan E Chapman
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Stuart M Grieve
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert M Graham
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gavin Chapman
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Duncan B Sparrow
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kobayashi K, Maeda K, Takefuji M, Kikuchi R, Morishita Y, Hirashima M, Murohara T. Dynamics of angiogenesis in ischemic areas of the infarcted heart. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7156. [PMID: 28769049 PMCID: PMC5540926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are susceptible to apoptosis caused by hypoxia during the acute and subacute phases of myocardial infarction (MI). Angiogenesis can reduce MI-induced damage by mitigating hypoxia. It has been speculated that the ischemic border zone is a unique area rescued by angiogenic therapy. However, the mechanism and timing for new vessel formation in the mammalian heart following hypoxia are unclear. Identifying targets that benefit from angiogenesis treatment is indispensable for the development of revolutionary therapies. Here, we describe a novel circulatory system wherein new vessels develop from the endocardium of the left ventricle to perfuse the hypoxic area and salvage damaged cardiomyocytes at 3-14 days after MI by activating vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Moreover, enhanced angiogenesis increased cardiomyocyte survival along the endocardium in the ischemic zone and suppressed ventricular remodeling in infarcted hearts. In contrast, cardiomyocytes in the border zone's hypoxic area underwent apoptosis within 12 h of MI, and the border area that was amenable to treatment disappeared. These data indicate that the non-perfused area along the endocardium is a site of active angiogenesis and a promising target for MI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan.
| | - Kengo Maeda
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Department of Medical Technique, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Morishita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Masanori Hirashima
- Division of Vascular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Maternal nutrient restriction in guinea pigs leads to fetal growth restriction with evidence for chronic hypoxia. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:141-147. [PMID: 28376077 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundWe determined whether maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) in guinea pigs leading to fetal growth restriction (FGR) impacts markers for tissue hypoxia, implicating a mechanistic role for chronic hypoxia.MethodsGuinea pigs were fed ad libitum (Control) or 70% of the control diet before pregnancy, switching to 90% at mid-pregnancy (MNR). Near term, hypoxyprobe-1 (HP-1), a marker of tissue hypoxia, was injected into pregnant sows. Fetuses were then necropsied and liver, kidney, and placental tissues were processed for erythropoietin (EPO), EPO-receptor (EPOR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels, and for HP-1 immunoreactivity (IR).ResultsFGR-MNR fetuses were 36% smaller with asymmetrical growth restriction compared to controls. EPO and VEGF protein levels were increased in the female FGR-MNR fetuses, providing support for hypoxic stimulus and linkage to increased erythropoiesis, but not in the male FGR-MNR fetuses, possibly reflecting a weaker link between oxygenation and erythropoiesis. HP-1 IR was increased in the liver and kidneys of both male and female FGR-MNR fetuses as an index of local tissue hypoxia, but with no changes in the placenta.ConclusionChronic hypoxia is likely to be an important signaling mechanism for the decreased fetal growth seen with maternal undernutrition and appears to be post-placental in nature.
Collapse
|
49
|
Thomas LW, Staples O, Turmaine M, Ashcroft M. CHCHD4 Regulates Intracellular Oxygenation and Perinuclear Distribution of Mitochondria. Front Oncol 2017; 7:71. [PMID: 28497026 PMCID: PMC5406405 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a characteristic of the tumor microenvironment and is known to contribute to tumor progression and treatment resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) dimeric transcription factors control the cellular response to reduced oxygenation by regulating the expression of genes involved in metabolic adaptation, cell motility, and survival. Alterations in mitochondrial metabolism are not only a downstream consequence of HIF-signaling but mitochondria reciprocally regulate HIF signaling through multiple means, including oxygen consumption, metabolic intermediates, and reactive oxygen species generation. CHCHD4 is a redox-sensitive mitochondrial protein, which we previously identified and showed to be a novel regulator of HIF and hypoxia responses in tumors. Elevated expression of CHCHD4 in human tumors correlates with the hypoxia gene signature, disease progression, and poor patient survival. Here, we show that either long-term (72 h) exposure to hypoxia (1% O2) or elevated expression of CHCHD4 in tumor cells in normoxia leads to perinuclear accumulation of mitochondria, which is dependent on the expression of HIF-1α. Furthermore, we show that CHCHD4 is required for perinuclear localization of mitochondria and HIF activation in response to long-term hypoxia. Mutation of the functionally important highly conserved cysteines within the Cys-Pro-Cys motif of CHCHD4 or inhibition of complex IV activity (by sodium azide) redistributes mitochondria from the perinuclear region toward the periphery of the cell and blocks HIF activation. Finally, we show that CHCHD4-mediated perinuclear localization of mitochondria is associated with increased intracellular hypoxia within the perinuclear region and constitutive basal HIF activation in normoxia. Our study demonstrates that the intracellular distribution of the mitochondrial network is an important feature of the cellular response to hypoxia, contributing to hypoxic signaling via HIF activation and regulated by way of the cross talk between CHCHD4 and HIF-1α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke W. Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Staples
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Molecular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Margaret Ashcroft
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Modest and Severe Maternal Iron Deficiency in Pregnancy are Associated with Fetal Anaemia and Organ-Specific Hypoxia in Rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46573. [PMID: 28440316 PMCID: PMC5404227 DOI: 10.1038/srep46573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal iron-deficiency (ID) is known to alter fetal developmental trajectories, which predisposes the offspring to chronic disease in later life, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we sought to determine whether varying degrees of maternal anaemia could induce organ-specific patterns of hypoxia in the fetuses. Pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats were fed iron-restricted or iron-replete diets to induce a state of moderate (M-ID) or severe ID (S-ID) alongside respective controls. Ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed on gestational day (GD)20 to assess uterine and umbilical artery blood flow patterns. On GD21, tissues were collected and assessed for hypoxia using pimonidazole staining. Compared to controls, maternal haemoglobin (Hb) in M- and S-ID were reduced 17% (P < 0.01) and 48% (P < 0.001), corresponding to 39% (P < 0.001) and 65% (P < 0.001) decreases in fetal Hb. Prenatal ID caused asymmetric fetal growth restriction, which was most pronounced in S-ID. In both severities of ID, umbilical artery resistive index was increased (P < 0.01), while pulsatility index only increased in S-ID (P < 0.05). In both M-and S-ID, fetal kidneys and livers showed evidence of hypoxia (P < 0.01 vs. controls), whereas fetal brains and placentae remained normoxic. These findings indicate prenatal ID causes organ-specific fetal hypoxia, even in the absence of severe maternal anaemia.
Collapse
|