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AlMoharib HS, Alqasem A, Almusfer G, Aldosari MA, Almadhoon HW. The effectiveness of water jet flossing and interdental flossing for oral hygiene in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:498. [PMID: 38678246 PMCID: PMC11055227 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment presents challenges with plaque accumulation around brackets, archwires, and elastics, leading to retained plaque and gingival inflammation. Conventional toothbrushing may not be enough, requiring additional oral hygiene aids like interproximal brushes, dental flosses, and water flossers. Limited research exists on comparing water flossing and interdental flossing in orthodontic patients. Therefore, this study aims to assess their effectiveness in maintaining oral hygiene during active orthodontic treatment. METHODS A single-blind, randomized, parallel clinical study recruited orthodontic patients with full-mouth brackets and archwires. Thirty participants were randomly assigned to either water jet flossing or interdental flossing groups. All participants were instructed to brush twice daily with a provided toothbrush and toothpaste and use the assigned intervention once daily at night. Clinical measures, including the Gingival Bleeding Index (BI), Plaque Index (PI), and Gingival Index (GI), were recorded at baseline and day 14. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS The water jet flossing group demonstrated a slightly higher, albeit non-significant, benefit in plaque removal (median difference of 6.79%%, P = 0.279) and bleeding reduction (median difference of 5.21%%, P = 0.172) compared to the interdental flossing group after two weeks. Both groups showed significant reductions in gingival bleeding index and plaque index from baseline to the 2-week follow-up. The interdental flossing group had median mean percentage differences of 16.13%% (plaque index) and 23.57% (gingival bleeding index), while the water jet flossing group had median percentage differences of 21.87% (plaque index) and 32.29% (gingival bleeding index). No significant changes in gingival index grades were observed in either group. CONCLUSION Both water jet flossing and interdental flossing were effective in reducing plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding among orthodontic patients. While no significant differences were found between the two methods, water jet flossing showed a potential advantage. Further research is needed to validate its effectiveness, assess long-term impact, and understand its benefits for orthodontic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani S AlMoharib
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afyaa Alqasem
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ghaida Almusfer
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Aldosari
- Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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AlMoharib HS, AlAskar MH, AlShabib AN, Almadhoon HW, AlMohareb TS. The effectiveness of dental water jet in reducing dental plaque and gingival bleeding in orthodontic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:56-64. [PMID: 37694518 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systematic review and meta-analysis tests the effectiveness of dental water jet (DWJ) with manual toothbrushes (MTB) compared to MTB alone in oral health maintenance in orthodontic patients. METHODS Four databases were systematically searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Cochrane Library until 6 January 2022 using a combination of medical subject heading (MeSH) terms and keywords. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were only included and critically appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool. The mean difference (MD) effect measure was calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel statistical test (95% confidence interval [CI]) to compare both study groups (p-value < 0.05). RESULTS After reviewing 5881 studies from a systematic search, six were selected for inclusion, with four involved in the quantitative analysis. The risk of bias was low in two studies, moderate in two studies and high in the remaining two studies. The meta-analysis showed a significant improvement in plaque index and bleeding scores in DWJ + MTB group compared MTB alone group in orthodontic patients with generalized gingivitis (MD = -0.75, 95% CI [-1.29, -0.22], p = 0.006) and (MD = -0.17, 95% CI [-0.27, -0.08], p = 0.0003), respectively. However, no significant improvement was detected between both groups in the gingival index. CONCLUSIONS The use of DWJ as an adjunctive device in addition to MTB can be an effective strategy for maintaining oral hygiene in orthodontic patients with gingivitis. However, more high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani S AlMoharib
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour H AlAskar
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman N AlShabib
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Thamer S AlMohareb
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kumar A, Singh J, Sinha P, Vaman Kini V, Champaneri HR, Mishra SK, Tiwari A, Singh R. The Efficacy of the Three Types of Plaque Control Methods During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus 2023; 15:e38231. [PMID: 37261166 PMCID: PMC10226844 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When intraoral orthodontic devices are used, it becomes significantly more difficult to remove plaque effectively. Dentists and orthodontic specialists can come up with more effective preventive strategies while patients are undergoing fixed orthodontic work if they have a deeper understanding of the present scenario. In addition, individuals will become more aware of the importance of good dental hygiene habits as a result of this. OBJECTIVE To assess and compare the effectiveness of a manual toothbrush, machine-driven toothbrush, and conventional mechanical toothbrush coupled with mouth rinse in removing plaque and maintaining gingival health in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this research, a total of 222 individuals who met the eligibility and exclusion requirements were randomly selected and offered their written consent. There were a total of 74 participants for each of the three different categories. Category A used a physically driven toothbrush. Category B used a motorized toothbrush. Category C used a physically driven toothbrush together with mouthwash containing 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate. All study participants were assessed at baseline, one-month follow-up, and two-month follow-up to document the preliminary information, including that of the modified papillary bleeding index (MPBI) by Muhlemann, plaque index (PI) introduced by Silness and Loe, and gingival index (GI) introduced by Loe and Silness. RESULTS In this study, the mean PI scores at the one-month and two-month follow-ups were minimum in Category C, while it was maximum in Category A at the two-month follow-up. The mean GI scores at the two-month follow-up were minimum in Category C, while it was maximum in Category A at the two-month follow-up. The mean MPBI scores at the two-month follow-up were minimum in Category C, while it was maximum in Category A. It was observed that participants in this trial who only used a typical mechanical brush experienced an increase in PI and GI scores after one and two months of follow-up. At the one-month and two-month follow-ups, it was noted that the values of PI, GI, and MPBI significantly decreased in the study participants using automated toothbrushes as well as in study participants using manual toothbrushes in conjunction with chlorhexidine mouthwash as compared to baseline values. However, when the three categories were compared, it was found that the research participants utilizing both a manual toothbrush and 0.2% chlorhexidine experienced the highest decreases in PI, GI, and MPBI values. CONCLUSION The reduction in the scores of PI, GI, and MPBI was maximum in orthodontic patients after two months when they apply manual toothbrushing along with 0.2% chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, IND
| | - Jaideep Singh
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maharana Pratap Dental College, Kanpur, IND
| | - Pallavi Sinha
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Chhattisgarh, IND
| | - Vineet Vaman Kini
- Department of Periodontics, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Harshal R Champaneri
- Department of Periodontics, Vaidik Dental College and Research Centre, Daman, IND
| | - Shashank Kumar Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Triveni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hospital and Research Center, Bilaspur, IND
| | - Anushree Tiwari
- Clinical Quality and Value, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, USA
| | - Ramanpal Singh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Chhattisgarh, IND
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Kim BR, Cho HA, Shin H. The effects of orthodontic treatment on personal dental expenditures in South Korea: a follow-up study using Korean health panel survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1598. [PMID: 36585698 PMCID: PMC9805093 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-09009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of orthodontic treatment on cumulative out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures for up to 8 years and the factors contributing to changes in individual OOP dental expenses. METHODS The data of adults aged ≥19 years, 218 with experience of orthodontic treatment (OT group) and 654 without experience of orthodontic treatment (non-OT group) were extracted from the Korea Health Panel Survey between 2009 and 2017 using the propensity score matching method. The total personal OOP expenditure for dental care incurred after orthodontic treatment in the OT group and that incurred in the matched non-OT group were calculated. Since dependent variables, cumulative dental expenditures, were continuous with excess zeros, Tweedie compound Poisson linear models were used to explore the influence of orthodontic treatment experience and demographic and socioeconomic factors, including private insurance, on per capita OOP dental expenditures. RESULTS The OT group had socioeconomic characteristics distinct from those of general dental patients. The Box-Cox transformed per capita OOP expenditures for dental care in the OT group were lower than those in the non-OT group (P < 0.05). When all covariates were held constant, the non-OT group spent 1.4-times more on OOP dental expenditures, but this was not statistically significant (P > 0.1). The data from those with higher incomes revealed the opposite trend (P < 0.05), while the other covariates were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Orthodontic treatment had no positive or negative effect on future oral care use. This finding is similar to the inconsistent results of previous clinical studies on oral health and orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ra Kim
- grid.443736.10000 0004 0647 1428Department of Dental Hygiene, Namseoul University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Han-A Cho
- grid.496515.a0000 0004 0371 6987Department of Dental Hygiene, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu-si, South Korea
| | - Hosung Shin
- grid.410899.d0000 0004 0533 4755Department of Social and Humanity in Dentistry, Wonkwang University School of Dentistry, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, 54538 South Korea
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Foschi D, Abate A, Maspero C, Solimei L, Lanteri C, Lanteri V. Method Presentation of a New Integrated Orthodontic-Conservative Approach for Minimally Invasive Full Mouth Rehabilitation: Speed Up Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102536. [PMID: 36289798 PMCID: PMC9599410 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The materials available today allow for extensive oral rehabilitations in a non-invasive way, and often an orthodontic preparation is useful and, thanks to the use of clear aligners, is predictable and comfortable. A preliminary study of the wax-up, mock-up, and set-up allow the clinician to plan every aspect of the treatment in detail. Furthermore, the procedure offers the patient an intuitive and understandable view of the expected final result. The new proposed method, called “speed up therapy”, allows for the integration of the orthodontic set-up with the mock-up technique, simulating the occlusal and aesthetic components of the planned restoration, in all details. The clinical case presented, demonstrates step by step the predictability and clinical reliability of the proposed procedure. The final clinical result coincides exactly with the initial mock-up and demonstrates that the proposed method is predictable and reliable. The correct execution of the technique is rigorously customized, and its success is operator dependent, both for the clinical aspects and for the dental laboratory. Thus, the visualization of the objectives of the treatment constitutes a decisive support for the clinician and provides the patient with the possibility of benefiting from an immediate improvement by making it easier for them to accept a treatment plan. The visualization also includes an orthodontic phase that potentially lengthens the treatment but makes the realization more conservative and predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Abate
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (C.M.); Tel.: +39-(33)-17712541 (A.A.)
| | - Cinzia Maspero
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (C.M.); Tel.: +39-(33)-17712541 (A.A.)
| | - Luca Solimei
- Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Lanteri
- Private Practice, Casale Monferrato, 15033 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valentina Lanteri
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20142 Milan, Italy
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Effectiveness of Super Floss and Water Flosser in Plaque Removal for Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:1344258. [PMID: 36090126 PMCID: PMC9452981 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1344258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of super floss and water flosser in plaque removal for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Methods A single-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel clinical trial with a split-mouth protocol was conducted on young adult orthodontic patients who were recruited from Riyadh Specialized Dental Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The type of floss used was randomly assigned to each side of the oral cavity; Super-Floss® (Oral-B) was used on one side, while the Waterpik® water flosser was used on the other. Patients' plaque level was assessed using Rustogi et al. modified navy plaque index (RMNPI) at baseline and immediately after cleaning. Results A total of 62 subjects were screened; however, only 34 subjects were enrolled in the study with an equal number of males and females. Overall, the plaque score was significantly reduced from 0.56 ± 0.35 to 0.13 ± 0.26 in the super floss group and from 0.61 ± 0.35 to 0.13 ± 0.28 in the water flosser group. There was no significant difference between the mean difference of super floss and water flosser (p=0.951). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between both groups in terms of the preintervention plaque score (p=0.379). The water flosser had a greater effect size on plaque removal compared to super floss on distal interproximal surface of the molar tooth with a mean difference of (−0.21, 95% CI: 00.37 to −0.04, p=0.033). Conclusions The use of super floss or water flosser as interproximal aids for plaque removal in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment are both effective. Trial registration. ISRCTN, ISRCTN83875016. Registered 12 September 2021-retrospectively registered, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN83875016.
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Al Shammari A, Farook FF, Fallatah A, Aldosari S, Ababneh KT, Aleissa BM. A Randomized Clinical Study of the Plaque Removal Efficacy of a Novel Manual Toothbrush With Micro-Pulse Bristles on Fixed Orthodontic Patients. Cureus 2022; 14:e28453. [PMID: 36176832 PMCID: PMC9510717 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kramer A, Splieth C. Health promotion through structured oral hygiene and good tooth alignment. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2022; 17:Doc08. [PMID: 35707231 PMCID: PMC9174873 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aim Periodontal diseases and caries are two of the most common forms of chronic degenerative diseases, with consequences not only for the oral cavity manifesting as tooth loss, orofacial pain and xerostomia, but also with effects on the cardiovascular system and, in the elderly, on the pneumonia rate. This can be prevented or controlled by structured oral hygiene. Method Based on a systematic literature search in PubMed, the possibilities for ensuring structured oral hygiene are analyzed. Results and conclusion Limiting the consumption of sugary meals and beverages, regular removal of food debris - supplemented by sugar-free chewing gum if desired - and preventing plaque formation by brushing with fluoridated toothpastes, using dental floss and interdental brushes after meals, serve to prevent or control gingivitis, periodontitis and caries. In the long term, the development of periodontitis-associated cardiovascular diseases and, in the elderly, the risk of pneumonia can probably be reduced. Antiseptic rinsing of the oral cavity is an important supplement to prevent periodontitis, especially in cases of limited ability to perform mechanical biofilm removal, but also for the prevention of respiratory infections. Proper functional tooth alignment is important for optimal mechanical cleaning to prevent plaque accumulation. If correction of misaligned teeth is possible with the use of removable aligners instead of fixed orthodontic appliances, these are to be preferred because of the better accessibility for mechanical hygiene measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kramer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald,Germany,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Axel Kramer, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 49 a, 17489 Greifswald, Deutschland, Phone: +49 3834 515542, E-mail:
| | - Christian Splieth
- Preventive & Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Saloux A, Couatarmanach A, Chauvel B, Jeanne S, Brezulier D. Knowledge, attitudes and professional practices of ortho-periodontal care of adults: a cross-sectional survey in France. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:142. [PMID: 35473616 PMCID: PMC9044618 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to increasing numbers of adult patients, orthodontists are being confronted more and more with periodontal problems. Coordination amongst orthodontists, periodontists and general dentists is useful in preventing and stopping periodontal disease. The main objectives of this survey were to evaluate the technical knowledge, techniques and attitudes employed by French orthodontists, periodontists and general dentists in adult dental care. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to French dentists. The questionnaire, consisting of 30 questions, was divided into six sections covering treatment programs and the forensic environment. RESULTS One thousand one hundred twenty-two complete answers were recorded. Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment represented 19.9% of the orthodontists' patients, but only 2.67% of the general dentists' patients. Communication between clinicians was rated as good, greater than 3 out of 5. Before treatment, orthodontists were less alarmed than generalists regarding bleeding, recessions, increased probing depths, halitosis and hyperplasia. During treatment, orthodontists never or only occasionally performed palpation or probing in 54.2% and 84.6% of cases. Gingivitis and recessions were the main reasons for consultations for 22.0% and 20.1% of general dentists and periodontists after orthodontic treatment. Of the practitioners surveyed, 43% felt that they experienced a setback in the ortho-periodontal treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed discrepancies in the knowledge and attitudes of practitioners. Therapeutic management remains one of the major challenges of multidisciplinary treatments. Continuing education needs to be further developed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolline Saloux
- CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Univ Rennes, 2 Av. du Professeur Léon Bernard, Bât.15, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Couatarmanach
- CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Univ Rennes, 2 Av. du Professeur Léon Bernard, Bât.15, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.,Arènes, CNRS - UMR 6051, 35000, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Brice Chauvel
- CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Univ Rennes, 2 Av. du Professeur Léon Bernard, Bât.15, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.,LTSI, CNRS - UMR 1099, 35000, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Jeanne
- CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Univ Rennes, 2 Av. du Professeur Léon Bernard, Bât.15, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.,ISCR, CNRS - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Damien Brezulier
- CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Univ Rennes, 2 Av. du Professeur Léon Bernard, Bât.15, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France. .,ISCR, CNRS - UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes Cedex, France.
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Li LJ, Yan X, Yu Q, Yan FH, Tan BC. Multidisciplinary non-surgical treatment of advanced periodontitis: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2229-2246. [PMID: 35321158 PMCID: PMC8895166 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i7.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severe periodontitis often require multidisciplinary treatment to achieve healthy periodontal tissue, normal occlusion, and optimal aesthetics. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of multidisciplinary non-surgical treatment in a patient with stage IV/ grade C periodontitis, malocclusion, and dentition defects.
CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old woman visited our periodontology department due to teeth mobility problems and difficulties chewing food. The patient had no history of drug allergies or systemic disease. Initial therapy involved scaling and root planning with a Gracey scaler and periodontal ultrasonic therapeutic apparatus using a periodontal endoscope (Perioscopy, Zest Dental Solutions, United States) to control the periodontal inflammation prior to treatment. Five months later, orthodontic treatment was then performed to treat occlusion and overall aesthetics. After completion, a Maryland bridge was used to restore Nos. 22, 31, and 41 teeth. Florida probing (Florida probe, United States) was performed every 2-3 mo to evaluate the periodontal condition throughout treatment. Overall, multidisciplinary non-surgical treatment resulted in satisfactory aesthetic results with healthy periodontal tissue and stable occlusion.
CONCLUSION In some patients with stage IV/grade C periodontitis, systematic and sequential non-surgical treatment can provide excellent therapeutic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jun Li
- Department of Periodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fu-Hua Yan
- Department of Periodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bao-Chun Tan
- Department of Periodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
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Brkanović S, Lapter Varga M, Meštrović S. Knowledge and Attitude towards Orthodontic Treatment among Non-Orthodontic Specialists: An Online Survey in Croatia. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10010005. [PMID: 35049603 PMCID: PMC8775138 DOI: 10.3390/dj10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment among non-orthodontic specialists. Methods: A web-based survey was formulated for non-orthodontic dental specialists to respond to statements regarding an orthodontic treatment. It contained 20 multiple-choice questions with three or more possible answers. Two hundred and fifty questionnaires were sent via email, with explanatory letters, to randomly selected non-orthodontic Croatian dental specialists. Data were assessed using IBAM SPSS 23.0. and p < 0.01 was considered significant. Results: The results indicate that the majority of respondents were well informed about principles and practices in orthodontics. All the respondents (100%) were aware that malocclusions can affect a patient’s facial aesthetic and masticatory function. The results also showed statistically significant differences in answers about contraindications for orthodontics therapy among different non-orthodontic specialists (p < 0.01). Private health practitioners were better informed about the ideal time for the first orthodontic appointment (74.2%) and that implants and periodontal problems are not contraindications for orthodontic treatment (over 70%), in comparison with public health practitioners. Conclusion: Non-orthodontic specialists in this sample exhibit encouraging awareness and knowledge of the principals and practices of orthodontic treatment. Additional improving of practitioners’ knowledge and awareness can help patients with malocclusion to decide upon orthodontic treatment at earlier stages and avoid later complications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Brkanović
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Marina Lapter Varga
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.L.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Senka Meštrović
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.L.V.); (S.M.)
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Salvesen BF, Grytten J, Rongen G, Koldsland OC, Vandevska-Radunovic V. Periodontal status in long-term orthodontic retention patients up to 10 years after treatment - a cross-sectional study. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:623-629. [PMID: 33971102 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1921842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess periodontal status in long-term orthodontic retention patients and investigate possible risk indicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recessions (GR) and calculus were recorded in 211 patients with or without fixed retainers. RESULTS Periodontal parameters were within the limits of clinically healthy periodontium. The use of fixed retainers was associated with higher PI in the maxilla (ß = 1.10 [0.37]; p <.05). Older age was associated with higher PI in the mandible (ß = 0.27 [0.11]; p <.05). Smoking was associated with gingival bleeding on both palatal (ß = 0.63 [0.16]; p < .01) and labial sides in the maxilla (ß = 0.46 [0.20]; p <.05). Smoking was also associated with increased prevalence of GR in the mandible (ß = 0.24 [0.07]; p <.01), while use of snuff had similar effect on the labial side in the maxilla (ß = 0.35 [0.08]; p <.01). Higher age (ß = 0.05 [0.02]; p <.05) and the presence of a retainer (ß = 0.23 [0.07]; p < .05) were associated with calculus accumulation on the lingual side in the mandible. CONCLUSION The present observational study suggest that long-term fixed retainers alone have no detrimental effect on the periodontium. Additional factors may increase the risk of plaque deposits and increased probing pocket depths. Further prosepective studies are needed to confirm the present outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbro Fostad Salvesen
- Section of Orthodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein Grytten
- Section for Community Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Gunnar Rongen
- Section for Community Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd Carsten Koldsland
- Section of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Marçal FF, Mota de Paulo JP, Barreto LG, de Carvalho Guerra LM, Silva PGDB. Effectiveness of orthodontic toothbrush versus conventional toothbrush on plaque and gingival index reduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:87-99. [PMID: 33971076 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In orthodontic patients submitted to oral hygiene instruction, what is the efficacy of orthodontic toothbrush (O-TB) versus conventional toothbrush (C-TB) on plaque and gingival index reduction in randomized and non-randomized controlled clinical trials? METHODS Electronic database search was performed on PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Database research, study selection, data extraction and ROBINS-I and Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 analysis were conducted by two independently examiners in duplicate. Two different meta-analyses were performed for plaque index and gingival index, followed by the analysis of overall quality of the evidence using GRADE. RESULTS A total of 158 studies were identified for screening; six articles were included in qualitative synthesis, and of those, three were subjected to a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). Three non-randomized studies presented an overall 'low', 'moderate' and 'high' risk of bias for each one of the articles, and the three randomized clinical trials presented 'low risk' for two articles and 'some concerns' quality for the other one. The overall strength of evidence was ranked 'very low' quality for plaque index and gingival index subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Gingival bleeding is not modified by orthodontic design toothbrush, but there is circumstantial scientific evidence for recommending the use of an O-TB instead a C-TB based on the analysis of plaque index control. Although major plaque removal of the O-TB was validated by meta-analysis, this improvement is not completely clarified which calls for further clinical studies to assess the effects of using an O-TB compared with a C-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Franco Marçal
- Department of Dentistry, Centro Universitário Christus, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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14
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Alzoman H, Alamoud K, Alomran WK, Almudhi A, Bindayel NA. Changes of Periodontal Tissues Because of Orthodontic Treatment: A Retrospective Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23202068211003416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the periodontal status before and after orthodontic treatment and to analyze the confounding factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study analyzed pre- and posttreatment records of a total of 60 patients. Intraoral digital photographs before and after the orthodontic treatment were used to measure the following three periodontal variables: (a) width of the keratinized gingiva, (b) gingival recession, and (c) the status of interdental papilla. The ImageJ 46 software imaging program was used to perform the required measurements. The clinical data were then analyzed in an association with the participants’ demographic data, the type of orthodontic tooth movement, and other confounding factors. The data obtained were manually entered into the statistical package and analyzed using a significance level set at P < .05. Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to identify differences among the studied variables. Results: Among the 60 patients, the majority (66.7%) were females. Most cases of the treated malocclusion were Class II, and most patients underwent intrusion and retrusion movements. The width of keratinized gingiva increased for most sites of upper teeth. In contrast, the lower teeth showed a mix of improvement and compromised width of keratinized gingiva. As a measure of gingival recession, the difference of clinical crown height revealed the tendency toward a reduced clinical crown height for most sites. Upper left lateral incisors and canines showed significant values with regard to keratinized gingival width measurements and tooth movements such as extrusion and intrusion movements. Likewise, with regard to the clinical crown height, upper right central incisors showed significant differences when correlated with the interincisal angle, lower incisors to the mandibular plane, and upper incisors to the NA line. The upper lateral incisors also showed significant correlations to certain cephalometric measurements. Conclusions: The orthodontic treatment was found to exert a significantly positive impact on the surrounding periodontium, particularly in the upper canine areas. Likewise, various types of tooth movement were found to positively affect the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Alzoman
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alamoud
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad K. Alomran
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullazez Almudhi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A. Bindayel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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The effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on shear bond strength of orthodontic bracket: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102244. [PMID: 33677068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with methylene blue (MB) and indocyanine green (ICG) on bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 45 non-carious and sound human premolar teeth were used in this study. All teeth were examined under a stereomicroscope at ×10 magnification. The samples were divided to 3 groups including no treatment (control group), aPDT with MB and 660 nm diode laser and aPDT with ICG and 808 nm diode laser. After aPDT procedure, orthodontic brackets were bonded to enamel surfaces. Then, the samples were thermocycled for 5000 cycles between 5° and 55° C in water bath. The brackets were then debonded using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) score and SEM microscope evaluation were assessed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Post-hoc test were used to compare the SBS values among groups. RESULTS The highest SBS mean value was presented in group 1 (control) (31.98 ± 6.36). Whereas, the lowest SBS mean value was observed in group 3 (aPDT with ICG) (24.11 ± 5.78). There were significant differences in SBS values between control and aPDT groups (P < 0.05). Some superficial porosity and irregularity was presented following aPDT on surface of enamel when examined by scanning electron microscope. The mode of failure was mostly score 0 and score 1 in all groups. CONCLUSION MB and ICG mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy both reduced the bond strength of orthodontic brackets compared to control group.
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16
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Ishii T, Goto H, Watanabe A, Yamamoto S, Onodera H, Yoshida S, Nishii Y. A Case of Mandibular Prognathism with Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis and Crowding. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2021; 62:27-39. [PMID: 33583878 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2020-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive periodontitis during adolescence has a poor prognosis due to rapid alveolar bone resorption. Few studies have investigated long-term follow-up after surgical orthodontic treatment performed in conjunction with that for invasive periodontitis. Here, we report a case of mandibular prognathism accompanied by generalized aggressive periodontitis and crowding. A 31-year-old woman was referred to our department for treatment of masticatory dysfunction due to reverse overjet. The patient exhibited a class III molar relationship, protrusion of the ANB of -6.0°, and severe maxillary crowding. Initial periodontal examination revealed deep periodontal pockets and extensive inflammation. Mandibular prognathism accompanied by generalized aggressive periodontitis and crowding was diagnosed. Therefore, it was necessary to adopt an interdisciplinary approach involving surgical, orthodontic, and periodontal treatment. Prior to commencement of orthodontic treatment, plaque control, scaling, and root planing of all teeth were performed by a periodontist to suppress inflammation and reduce probing depth. During pre-surgical orthodontic treatment, the maxillary first premolars were extracted to reduce crowding of the maxillary incisors. To correct the mandibular prognathism, the mandible was repositioned by sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Proper occlusion of the incisors and maximum intercuspation were achieved by post-surgical orthodontic treatment. After completion of active orthodontic treatment, acceleration of inflammation was observed together with aggravated resorption of the alveolar bone surrounding the molars. However, reduction of probing depth and inflammation were observed after scaling and root planing. The surgical-orthodontic treatment time was 1 year and 11 months, which was followed by a 2-year retention period. There was no tooth loss due to periodontitis, and an overall satisfactory outcome was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College
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17
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Alshahrani AA, Alhaizaey A, Kamran MA, Alshahrani I. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102019. [PMID: 32950726 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five adolescents with halitosis undergoing orthodontic treatment were equally randomized into three groups: Group - I: provision of treatment through PDT on dorsum of tongue; Group - II: provision of treatment with the help of tongue scrappers (TS); Group - III: provision of treatment with the help of TS and adjunctive PDT. Presence of halitosis confirmed on the basis of gas chromatography and estimation of oral malodour with a cysteine challenge and H2S values recorded ≥112 parts per billion (ppb). A portable device Oral Chroma™ was used for performing breath analysis. A total of 5 bacterial species including P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and T. denticola were studied as the proportion of sites defined as having ≥1.0 × 105 bacterial cells. RESULTS The mean age of the participants in Group-I, II and III were 15.4 years, 13.8 years, and 14.2 years, respectively. The median values for Group-I, II and III at initial breath analysis were 874 ppb, 613 ppb and 1089 ppb, respectively. After treatment with the respective therapeutic modalities, a statistically significant difference was seen among groups after 2-weeks (p < 0.0001) (Table 3). After applying Kruskal-Wallis test, group-III showed the highest amount of reduction in H2S concentration (100 %) at final 2-weeks breath analysis compared to group-I and group-II (p = 0.0001). Descriptive statistics for all bacteria showed that group-III (TS + PDT) statistically significantly reduced the proportional distribution of all bacteria at 2-week follow-up (p < 0.0001) compared to group-I or group-II. CONCLUSION PDT along with tongue scrapping showed effective immediate reduction of H2S concentration and reduction of oral pathogens in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with short-term follow up. Long-term evaluation and complete eradication of halitosis needs to be explored in further clinical trials. In addition, the cost of PDT and its potential side effects should not be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Aziz Alshahrani
- Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Alhaizaey
- Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Kamran
- Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alshahrani
- Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Jiang J, Chen H, Huang Z, Ma X, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Orthodontic force prediction model of T-loop closing spring based on dynamic resistance model. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:1384-1396. [PMID: 32729781 DOI: 10.1177/0954411920943433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Malocclusion has been seriously endangering human oral function. The most effective and mature therapy is orthodontic treatment. But the relationship between the shape of the T-loop and the orthodontic force is unclear, and the precise mathematical model has not been established. In this article, the dynamic orthodontic force prediction model of the T-loop was established by analyzing the treatment process of the T-loop. The model was based on the dynamic resistance model of waxy dental jaw, the theory of beam deformation, and the deformation characteristics of the T-loop. In the experimental process, 11 kinds of orthodontic archwires were used as experimental samples, including 2 kinds of common archwire materials, 7 kinds of cross-sectional sizes, and 10 kinds of clearance distances. The T-loop was put into the extraction space and immersed in 75°C constant temperature water for 2 min. And the experimental data were measured and collected by the dynamic force measuring device. The experimental results show that the cross-sectional size and the clearance distance are positively correlated with the orthodontic force. The influence of the clearance distance on the orthodontic force is greater than that of the cross-section size. The deviation rates between the experimental values of orthodontic force and the theoretical values are between 1.10% and 9.09%, which verifies the accuracy of the dynamic orthodontic force prediction model. The model can predict the orthodontic force, improve the treatment effect, shorten the treatment cycle, and provide reference and guidance for orthodontists to carry out orthodontic treatment safely and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China.,Robotics & ITS Engineering Research Center, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Houjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xuefeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yongde Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China.,Robotics & ITS Engineering Research Center, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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19
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Ulitovskiy SB, Alekseeva ES, Leont'ev AA, Shevtsov AV. Factors affecting dental status of adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment with bracket systems. Pediatr Dent 2020. [DOI: 10.33925/1683-3031-2020-20-2-143-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. A. Leont'ev
- Pavlov's First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
| | - A. V. Shevtsov
- Pavlov's First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
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20
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Javali MA, Betsy J, Al Thobaiti RSS, Alshahrani RA, AlQahtani HAH. Relationship between Malocclusion and Periodontal Disease in Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment in Southwestern Saudi Arabia. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 8:133-139. [PMID: 32587495 PMCID: PMC7305683 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_135_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Malocclusion is known to cause plaque accumulation and periodontal breakdown. However, no previous study from Saudi Arabia has assessed this relationship in patients seeking orthodontic treatment for esthetics. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between malocclusion and periodontal disease in terms of gingival inflammation, probing pocket depth (PPD) and recession in patients seeking orthodontic treatment for esthetic improvement. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Outpatient Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, among consecutive new patients seeking orthodontic treatment for esthetic improvement between June and August 2018. Angle’s class of malocclusion, various malalignments, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), adequacy of width of attached gingiva (WAG), response to fremitus test, PPD and gingival recession (GR) were recorded. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 410 consecutive patients were included. Of these, 314 patients had Class I, 57 had Class II (division I), 25 had Class II (division II) and 14 had Class III malocclusions. In patients with all types of malocclusion, the majority had a PI and GI of score 2 (74.1% and 83.7%, respectively). Most of the patients (85.9%) had adequate WAG; similarly, 94.9% had a negative fremitus test, which shows the absence of trauma from occlusion. Mean PPD and GR in the maxillary and mandibular arches showed varying results. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a relationship between malocclusion and presence of periodontal disease in patients seeking orthodontic treatment for esthetic improvement in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, in patients seeking orthodontic treatment, careful evaluation of gingival and oral hygiene along with adequacy of attached gingiva should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhatar Ahmed Javali
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph Betsy
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Saed Safar Al Thobaiti
- Intern Doctor, Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Ali Alshahrani
- Intern Doctor, Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Abdullah H AlQahtani
- Intern Doctor, Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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21
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Shirozaki MU, da Silva RAB, Romano FL, da Silva LAB, De Rossi A, Lucisano MP, Messora MR, Feres M, Novaes Júnior AB. Clinical, microbiological, and immunological evaluation of patients in corrective orthodontic treatment. Prog Orthod 2020; 21:6. [PMID: 32064567 PMCID: PMC7024686 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-020-00307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective was to analyze clinical, microbiological, and immunological periodontal parameters in patients in corrective orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods Twenty-eight patients were selected. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), width of keratinized gingiva, levels of 40 bacterial species, and of 3 cytokines (IL-1β, MMP-8, and TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were evaluated at T0, before orthodontic treatment; T1, 6 months; and T2, 12 months post-treatment. Non-parametric, Friedman, Wilcoxon, ANOVA, and Spearman correlation coefficient tests were used for statistical analyses, with the significance level of 5%. Results No significant difference was found for the width of keratinized gingiva, but PI presented a significant increase at T1 and T2 (p < 0.05) when compared with T0. The percentage of sites with BOP increased significantly from T0 to T1 (p < 0.05); however, at T2, the values decreased and did not differ anymore from T0 (p > 0.05). In the microbiological analysis, red complex pathogens were in significantly greater proportions in T2 compared with T0 (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the cytokine levels between the periods but there was a positive correlation between BOP and IL-1β (r = 0.49 p = .01) and TNF-α (r = 0.39 and p = .05). Conclusion In conclusion, corrective orthodontic treatment caused clinical periodontal alterations regarding biofilm accumulation and gingival bleeding, with alteration of periodontopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Umekita Shirozaki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Andiara De Rossi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Marília Pacífico Lucisano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Belém Novaes Júnior
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
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22
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Mazzoleni S, De Stefani A, Bordin C, Balasso P, Bruno G, Gracco A. Dental water jet efficacy in the plaque control of orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliance: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e957-e963. [PMID: 31700567 PMCID: PMC6825727 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different studies assess the role of fixed orthodontic appliances in supragingival plaque accumulation. In patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances a good management of oral hygiene is required in order to prevent complication like as decay, enamel demineralization, gingivitis, gingival hyperplasia and periodontitis. The aim of this Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is to evaluate the efficacy of the use of a DWJ in patients under orthodontic treatment with fixed multibracket appliance. Material and Methods The study design was single-blinded RCT with a split mouth protocol. Each patient followed a personal cleaning protocol using a DWJ in addition to traditional brushing only on one side while just brushing on the control side. The side on which was decided to use the DWJ was chosen randomly and the dental hygienist who took the measurements was blind. Plaque and gingival indexes were evaluated at baseline and at one, three and six-months follow-up. Results It did not emerge any difference in the plaque and gingival indexes trend between the two groups. Patients initially reported an worsening of the indexes at one month evaluation, then they set at baseline levels at three and six months. Conclusions The dental water jet does not improve significantly the efficacy of home oral hygiene in orthodontic patients wearing a multi-bracket fixed appliance. Patients did not show the traditional worsening during the whole orthodontic therapy. Key words:Dental water jet, fixed orthodontics, plaque index, gingival index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Mazzoleni
- Associate Professor, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua. Via Giustiniani 2 - 35100 - Padua (Italy)
| | - Alberto De Stefani
- DDS, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua. Via Giustiniani 2 - 35100 - Padua (Italy)
| | - Carola Bordin
- Dental Hygienist, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua. Via Giustiniani 2 - 35100 - Padua (Italy)
| | - Paolo Balasso
- Department of Engineering and Management, University of Padua. Via Giustiniani 2 - 35100 - Padua (Italy)
| | - Giovanni Bruno
- DDS, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua. Via Giustiniani 2 - 35100 - Padua (Italy)
| | - Antonio Gracco
- Associate Professor, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua. Via Giustiniani 2 - 35100 - Padua (Italy)
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Michelogiannakis D, Rossouw PE, Khan J, Akram Z, Menenakos E, Javed F. Influence of increased body mass index on orthodontic tooth movement and related parameters in children and adolescents: A systematic review of longitudinal controlled clinical studies. J Orthod 2019; 46:323-334. [DOI: 10.1177/1465312519873669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the impact of increased body mass index (BMI) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and related parameters in children and adolescents. Search sources: A search of six electronic databases and manual searching were performed up to June 2019 without language and time restrictions. Data selection: Eligibility criteria were as follows: (1) longitudinal controlled clinical studies; (2) children and adolescents undergoing orthodontic therapy (OT); (3) no systemic diseases; (4) experimental group: patients with increased BMI; and (5) control group: patients with normal BMI. Data extraction: Screening, study selection and data extraction were performed; bias within studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies (ROBINS-I) tool. Results: Seven studies were included. One study showed that an increased BMI is associated with less wear-time of removable orthodontic appliances and one study found no significant association. One study showed that an increased BMI is associated with less cooperation during OT; however, not with the treatment results. One study reported higher pain experience during OT in adolescents with than without increased BMI. Two studies showed that increased BMI in adolescents is related to OTM, one with increased and one with decreased rates of OTM, respectively. One study reported an association between increased BMI and incidence of white spot lesions and gingivitis during OT. The ROBINS-I tool showed low to moderate risk of bias within studies. Conclusions: The influence of BMI on OTM and related parameters in children and adolescents remains debatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Michelogiannakis
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - P Emile Rossouw
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Junad Khan
- Clinic of Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zohaib Akram
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Evangelos Menenakos
- 1st Propaedeutic Surgical Department, “Evgenidion” Hospital of Athens, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Fawad Javed
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
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24
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Choi YY. Relationship between orthodontic treatment and dental caries: results from a national survey. Int Dent J 2019; 70:38-44. [PMID: 31441042 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Orthodontic treatment has been suggested to increase the risk of dental caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between orthodontic treatment and the likelihood of dental caries. METHODS The study included data for adults aged ≥ 19 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2013-2015. The participants' demographic, socio-economic, and general and oral health-care data were collected by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire. The number of decayed teeth (DT) and the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index score on oral examinations performed by dentists were compared between subjects who underwent orthodontic treatment and those who did not, using the chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS All logistic regression analysis models showed a significant association between orthodontic treatment and untreated dental caries. The likelihood of having untreated dental caries was lower in subjects who had received orthodontic treatment than in those who had not, regardless of confounding factors (P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, the mean number of DT was lower in subjects who had received orthodontic treatment than in those who had not (0.66 vs. 0.94; P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the DMFT index score between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Orthodontic treatment was associated with a decreased likelihood of untreated dental caries. Moreover, there was no evidence indicating a link between the DMFT index score and orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Bioecological Health, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu, Korea
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25
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Ristoska S, Dzipunova B, Stefanovska E, Rendzova V, Radojkova-Nikolovska V, Evrosimovska B. Orthodontic Treatment of a Periodontally - Affected Adult Patient (Case Report). Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2343-2349. [PMID: 31592049 PMCID: PMC6765088 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The advanced periodontal disease is characterised by a strongly pronounced loss of attachment and reduction of the alveolar bone support, which leads to luxation, migration of the teeth, functional discomfort and poor facial aesthetics. CASE PRESENTATION: The aim of this paper is to present the case of a 26-year-old female patient, registered at the Clinic of Periodontology with highly expressed gingivitis, unsatisfactory periodontal status, presence of diastemas between the frontal teeth and attachment loss of 5-6 millimetres in different areas. We conducted a thorough classic periodontal treatment, as well as training for proper maintenance of oral hygiene, with frequent professional oral-prophylactic sessions, complemented with orthodontic treatment. Fixed orthodontic appliances were installed, and mild forces were applied for gradual levelling of the teeth, with constant control of the periodontal status. After 20 months of treatment, the patient was in retention. CONCLUSION: Orthodontic therapy of periodontally-affected teeth can begin only after exhaustive administration of a periodontal treatment. Orthodontic treatment as an addition to the periodontal restoration must be gradual with mild forces for an optimal dental response, thus helping to improve function, facial aesthetics and psychological confidence of adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevica Ristoska
- Department of Oral Pathology and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Biljana Dzipunova
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Emilija Stefanovska
- Department of Oral Pathology and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Vasilka Rendzova
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Vera Radojkova-Nikolovska
- Department of Oral Pathology and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Biljana Evrosimovska
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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JIANG JINGANG, HUANG ZHIYUAN, MA XUEFENG, ZHANG YONGDE, HAN YINGSHUAI, LIU YI. ORTHODONTIC PROCESS SAFETY EVALUATION BASED ON PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT CAPILLARY PRESSURE AND OGDEN MODEL. J MECH MED BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s021951941840033x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Taking the lower maxillary incisors as an example and the orthodontic forces along the near–far middle direction, the orthodontic forces along the crown–root direction and the orthodontic moment around the tongue–cheek direction as loading condition, the biomechanical simulation of the tooth is carried out by the method of finite element simulation in this paper. The CT images of the skull are segmented and denoised by Mimics. The solid models of teeth, periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone and brackets are established by Gomagic and Solidworks. The material characteristics of the PDL are defined by the two-order Ogden hyperelastic model. Taking the PDL capillary pressure as a criterion for orthodontic safety, combined with the stress response of PDL, the safe orthodontic force range of mandibular central incisors is obtained by ANSYS finite element software.
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Affiliation(s)
- JINGANG JIANG
- Robotics & its Engineering Research Center, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
- Intelligent Machine Institute, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - ZHIYUAN HUANG
- Robotics & its Engineering Research Center, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - XUEFENG MA
- Robotics & its Engineering Research Center, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - YONGDE ZHANG
- Robotics & its Engineering Research Center, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
- Intelligent Machine Institute, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - YINGSHUAI HAN
- Robotics & its Engineering Research Center, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - YI LIU
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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