1
|
Nguyen SM, Tran HTT, Long J, Shrubsole MJ, Cai H, Yang Y, Cai Q, Tran TV, Zheng W, Shu XO. Gut microbiome in association with chemotherapy-induced toxicities among patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2024; 130:2014-2030. [PMID: 38319284 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little research has focused on the relationship between gut microbiome and chemotherapy-induced toxicity. METHODS This prospective study involves 301 patients with breast cancer who had prechemotherapy stool samples collected. Gut microbiome was sequenced by shotgun metagenomics; associations with chemotherapy-induced toxicities during first-line treatment by gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolic pathways with severe (i.e., grade ≥3) hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities were evaluated via multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS High prechemotherapy α-diversity was associated with a significantly reduced risk of both severe hematological toxicity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99; p = .048) and neutropenia (OR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99; p = .016). A high abundance of phylum Synergistota, class Synergistia, and order Synergistales were significantly associated with a reduced risk of severe neutropenia; conversely, enrichment of phylum Firmicutes C, class Negativicutes, phylum Firmicutes I, and class Bacilli A, order Paenibacillales were significantly associated with an increased risk of severe neutropenia (p range: 0.012-2.32 × 10-3; false discovery rate <0.1). Significant positive associations were also observed between severe nausea/vomiting and high Chao1 indexes, β-diversity (p < .05), 20 species belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae (p value range: 6.14 × 10-3 to 1.33 × 10-5; false discovery rate <0.1), and three metabolic pathways involved in reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle I and cycle II, and an incomplete reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle (p < .01). Conversely, a high abundance of species Odoribacter laneus and the pathway related to the L-proline biosynthesis II were inversely associated with severe nausea/vomiting. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that gut microbiota may be a potential preventive target to reduce chemotherapy-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang M Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Huong T T Tran
- Vietnam National Cancer Institute, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yaohua Yang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Center for Public Health Genomics, UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thuan V Tran
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei L, Zhu D, Cheng Q, Gao Z, Wang H, Qiu J. Aptamer-Based fluorescent DNA biosensor in antibiotics detection. Food Res Int 2024; 179:114005. [PMID: 38342532 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The inappropriate employment of antibiotics across diverse industries has engendered profound apprehensions concerning their cumulative presence within human bodies and food commodities. Consequently, many nations have instituted stringent measures limiting the admissible quantities of antibiotics in food items. Nonetheless, conventional techniques employed for antibiotic detection prove protracted and laborious, prompting a dire necessity for facile, expeditious, and uncomplicated detection methodologies. In this regard, aptamer-based fluorescent DNA biosensors (AFBs) have emerged as a sanguine panacea to surmount the limitations of traditional detection modalities. These ingenious biosensors harness the binding prowess of aptamers, singular strands of DNA/RNA, to selectively adhere to specific target antibiotics. Notably, the AFBs demonstrate unparalleled selectivity, affinity, and sensitivity in detecting antibiotics. This comprehensive review meticulously expounds upon the strides achieved in AFBs for antibiotic detection, particularly emphasizing the labeling modality and the innovative free-label approach. It also elucidates the design principles behind a diverse array of AFBs. Additionally, a succinct survey of signal amplification strategies deployed within these biosensors is provided. The central objective of this review is to apprise researchers from diverse disciplines of the contemporary trends in AFBs for antibiotic detection. By doing so, it aspires to instigate a concerted endeavor toward the development of heightened sensitivity and pioneering AFBs, thereby contributing to the perpetual advancement of antibiotic detection methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingze Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieqiong Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Auria E, Deschamps J, Briandet R, Dupuy B. Extracellular succinate induces spatially organized biofilm formation in Clostridioides difficile. Biofilm 2023; 5:100125. [PMID: 37214349 PMCID: PMC10192414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection associated to gut microbiome dysbiosis is the leading cause for nosocomial diarrhea. The ability of C. difficile to form biofilms has been progressively linked to its pathogenesis as well as its persistence in the gut. Although C. difficile has been reported to form biofilms in an increasing number of conditions, little is known about how these biofilms are formed in the gut and what factors may trigger their formation. Here we report that succinate, a metabolite abundantly produced by the dysbiotic gut microbiota, induces in vitro biofilm formation of C. difficile strains. We characterized the morphology and spatial composition of succinate-induced biofilms, and compared to non-induced or deoxycholate (DCA) induced biofilms. Biofilms induced by succinate are significantly thicker, structurally more complex, and poorer in proteins and exopolysaccharides (EPS). We then applied transcriptomics and genetics to characterize the early stages of succinate-induced biofilm formation and we showed that succinate-induced biofilm results from major metabolic shifts and cell-wall composition changes. Similar to DCA-induced biofilms, biofilms induced by succinate depend on the presence of a rapidly metabolized sugar. Finally, although succinate can be consumed by the bacteria, we found that the extracellular succinate is in fact responsible for the induction of biofilm formation through complex regulation involving global metabolic regulators and the osmotic stress response. Thus, our work suggests that as a gut signal, succinate may drive biofilm formation and help persistence of C. difficile in the gut, increasing the risk of relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emile Auria
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Julien Deschamps
- Institut Micalis, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Romain Briandet
- Institut Micalis, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bruno Dupuy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Beaumont M, Lencina C, Fève K, Barilly C, Le-Normand L, Combes S, Devailly G, Boudry G. Disruption of the primocolonizing microbiota alters epithelial homeostasis and imprints stem cells in the colon of neonatal piglets. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23149. [PMID: 37671857 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301182r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in the postnatal development of the intestinal epithelium. However, the bacterial members of the primocolonizing microbiota driving these effects are not fully identified and the mechanisms underlying their long-term influence on epithelial homeostasis remain poorly described. Here, we used a model of newborn piglets treated during the first week of life with the antibiotic colistin in order to deplete specific gram-negative bacteria that are transiently dominant in the neonatal gut microbiota. Colistin depleted Proteobacteria and Fusobacteriota from the neonatal colon microbiota, reduced the bacterial predicted capacity to synthetize lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and increased the concentration of succinate in the colon. The colistin-induced disruption of the primocolonizing microbiota was associated with altered gene expression in the colon epithelium including a reduction of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and lysozyme (LYZ). Our data obtained in porcine colonic organoid cell monolayers suggested that these effects were not driven by the variation of succinate or LPS levels nor by a direct effect of colistin on epithelial cells. The disruption of the primocolonizing microbiota imprinted colon epithelial stem cells since the expression of TLR4 and LYZ remained lower in organoids derived from colistin-treated piglet colonic crypts after several passages when compared to control piglets. Finally, the stable imprinting of LYZ in colon organoids was independent of the H3K4me3 level in its transcription start site. Altogether, our results show that disruption of the primocolonizing gut microbiota alters epithelial innate immunity in the colon and imprints stem cells, which could have long-term consequences for gut health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Corinne Lencina
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Katia Fève
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Céline Barilly
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Sylvie Combes
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Boudry
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Saint-Gilles, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Suzuki-Hashido N, Tsuchida S, Azumano A, Goossens B, Saldivar DAR, Stark DJ, Tuuga A, Ushida K, Matsuda I. Isolation of Bacteria from Freeze-Dried Samples and the Functional Characterization of Species-Specific Lactic Acid Bacteria with a Comparison of Wild and Captive Proboscis Monkeys. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1458. [PMID: 37374963 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we isolated a novel lactic acid bacteria species (Lactobacillus nasalidis) from the fresh forestomach contents of a captive proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in a Japanese zoo. In this study, we isolated two strains of L. nasalidis from the freeze-dried forestomach contents of a wild proboscis monkey inhabiting a riverine forest in Malaysia. The samples had been stored for more than six years. Phenotypic analysis showed that strains isolated from the wild individual had more diverse sugar utilization and lower salt tolerance than strains previously isolated from the captive counterpart. These phenotypic differences are most likely induced by feeding conditions; wild individuals consume a wide variety of natural food, unlike their zoo-raised counterparts that consume formula feed with sodium sufficiency. Since 16s rRNA sequences of L. nasalidis were detected in the previously created 16S rRNA libraries of wild, provisioned, and captive proboscis monkeys in Malaysia and Japan, L. nasalidis may be an essential bacterium of the foregut microbial community of the proboscis monkey. The currently established method for the isolation of gut bacteria from freeze-dried samples under storage will be applicable to many already-stored precious samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nami Suzuki-Hashido
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku 102-0083, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Benoit Goossens
- Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Kota Kinabalu 88100, Malaysia
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Kota Kinabalu 88100, Malaysia
| | - Diana A Ramirez Saldivar
- Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Kota Kinabalu 88100, Malaysia
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Kota Kinabalu 88100, Malaysia
| | - Danica J Stark
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Kota Kinabalu 88100, Malaysia
| | - Augustine Tuuga
- Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Kota Kinabalu 88100, Malaysia
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ikki Matsuda
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku 606-8203, Kyoto, Japan
- Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88100, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Effects of Physical Activity on the Gut Microbiota and the Gut–Brain Axis in Preclinical and Human Models: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163293. [PMID: 36014798 PMCID: PMC9413457 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the importance of the gut microbiota (GM) in regulating multiple functions related to host physical health and, more recently, through the gut–brain axis (GBA), mental health. Similarly, the literature on the impact of physical activity (PA), including exercise, on GM and GBA is growing. Therefore, this narrative review summarizes and critically appraises the existing literature that delves into the benefits or adverse effects produced by PA on physical and mental health status through modifications of the GM, highlighting differences and similarities between preclinical and human studies. The same exercise in animal models, whether performed voluntarily or forced, has different effects on the GM, just as, in humans, intense endurance exercise can have a negative influence. In humans and animals, only aerobic PA seems able to modify the composition of the GM, whereas cardiovascular fitness appears related to specific microbial taxa or metabolites that promote a state of physical health. The PA favors bacterial strains that can promote physical performance and that can induce beneficial changes in the brain. Currently, it seems useful to prioritize aerobic activities at a moderate and not prolonged intensity. There may be greater benefits if PA is undertaken from a young age and the effects on the GM seem to gradually disappear when the activity is stopped. The PA produces modifications in the GM that can mediate and induce mental health benefits.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou X, Liu Y, Xiong X, Chen J, Tang W, He L, Zhang Z, Yin Y, Li F. Intestinal accumulation of microbiota-produced succinate caused by loss of microRNAs leads to diarrhea in weanling piglets. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2091369. [PMID: 35758253 PMCID: PMC9235893 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal disease is a common health problem with complex causality. Although diarrhea is accompanied by disturbances in microbial diversity, how gut microbes are involved in the occurrence of diarrhea remains largely unknown. Here, using a pig model of post-weaning stress-induced diarrhea, we aim to elucidate and enrich the mechanistic basis of diarrhea. We found significant alterations in fecal microbiome, their metabolites, and microRNAs levels in piglets with diarrhea. Specifically, loss of ssc-miRNA-425-5p and ssc-miRNA-423-3p, which inhibit the gene expression of fumarate reductase (frd) in Prevotella genus, caused succinate accumulation in piglets, which resulted in diarrhea. Single-cell RNA sequencing indicated impaired epithelial function and increased immune response in the colon of piglet with diarrhea. Notably, the accumulated succinate increased colonic fluid secretion by regulating transepithelial Cl-secretion in the epithelial cells. Meanwhile, succinate promoted colonic inflammatory responses by activating MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling in the macrophages. Overall, our findings expand the mechanistic basis of diarrhea and suggest that colonic accumulation of microbiota-produced succinate caused by loss of miRNAs leads to diarrhea in weanling piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingqing Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liuqin He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,CONTACT Liuqin He
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Yulong Yin
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Fengna Li No 644, Yuanda 2nd Road, Furong District, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morishima S, Oda N, Ikeda H, Segawa T, Oda M, Tsukahara T, Kawase Y, Takagi T, Naito Y, Fujibayashi M, Inoue R. Altered Fecal Microbiotas and Organic Acid Concentrations Indicate Possible Gut Dysbiosis in University Rugby Players: An Observational Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1687. [PMID: 34442766 PMCID: PMC8400784 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut eubiosis is essential for the host's health. In athletes, the gut microbiota can be altered by several factors, including diets. While eubiotic gut microbiota in elite rugby players has been reported, our survey found that university rugby players suffered from loose stools and frequent urgency to defecate. To establish the causes of the condition, the microbiota and the concentrations of organic acids in fecal samples of university male rugby players (URP) were analyzed and compared with those of age-matching, non-rugby playing males (control). Body mass indices were significantly (p < 0.05) different between groups. Chao1 index was significant (p < 0.05) lower in URP than in control. The relative abundances of phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower, respectively, in URP than in control. Potential pathobiont genera Collinsella, Enterobacter, and Haemophilus were significantly (p < 0.05) abundant, whereas beneficial Akkermansia was lower (p < 0.05) in URP than in control. Succinate, a potential causative of gut inflammation, was five-fold higher in URP than in controls. Our findings all but confirmed that the dysbiotic status of gut in URP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Morishima
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Nagaotoge-cho 45-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan; (S.M.); (H.I.); (M.O.)
| | - Naoko Oda
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, I Nagaotoge-cho 45-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan; (N.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Hiromi Ikeda
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Nagaotoge-cho 45-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan; (S.M.); (H.I.); (M.O.)
| | - Tomohiro Segawa
- Division of Physical and Health Education, Setsunan University, Ikedanaka-machi 17-8, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Machi Oda
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Nagaotoge-cho 45-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan; (S.M.); (H.I.); (M.O.)
| | | | - Yasuharu Kawase
- Division of Physical and Health Education, Setsunan University, Ikedanaka-machi 17-8, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan; (T.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Mami Fujibayashi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, I Nagaotoge-cho 45-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan; (N.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Nagaotoge-cho 45-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan; (S.M.); (H.I.); (M.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu Y, Lei Z, Wang Y, Yin D, Aggrey SE, Guo Y, Yuan J. Metabolome and Microbiota Analysis Reveals the Conducive Effect of Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1 and Xylan Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chickens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:683905. [PMID: 34122394 PMCID: PMC8192963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.683905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylan oligosaccharides (XOS) can promote proliferation of Pediococcus acidilactic BCC-1, which benefits gut health and growth performance of broilers. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Pediococcus acidilactic BCC-1 (referred to BBC) and XOS on the gut metabolome and microbiota of broilers. The feed conversion ratio of BBC group, XOS group and combined XOS and BBC groups was lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Combined XOS and BBC supplementation (MIX group) elevated butyrate content of the cecum (P < 0.05) and improved ileum morphology by enhancing the ratio of the villus to crypt depth (P < 0.05). The 16S rDNA results indicated that both XOS and BBC induced high abundance of butyric acid bacteria. XOS treatment elevated Clostridium XIVa and the BBC group enriched Anaerotruncus and Faecalibacterium. In contrast, MIX group induced higher relative abundance of Clostridiaceae XIVa, Clostridiaceae XIVb and Lachnospiraceae. Besides, MIX group showed lower abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter. Metabolome analysis showed that all the 3 treatment groups (XOS, BBC and MIX) showed lower concentrations of sorbitol and both XOS and BBC group had higher concentrations of pyridoxine levels than CT group. Besides, XOS and BBC groups enhanced the content of hydroxyphenyl derivatives 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 1 and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, respectively (P < 0.05). Notably, MIX group enhanced both 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 1 and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (P < 0.05). Thus, XOS and BBC may have a synergistic role to improve the performance of broilers by modulating gut microbiota and metabolome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Youli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dafei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel E. Aggrey
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morishima S, Aoi W, Kawamura A, Kawase T, Takagi T, Naito Y, Tsukahara T, Inoue R. Intensive, prolonged exercise seemingly causes gut dysbiosis in female endurance runners. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021. [PMID: 34025029 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive, prolonged exercise is known to induce gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, with gut dysbiosis suggested as being one of the causatives. In the present study, we wanted to investigate the relationship between intensive exercise and the gut microbiota status. To that end, the microbiota, the moisture content and the bacterial metabolites (e.g., organic acids) of female endurance runners (n = 15) and those of non-athletic but healthy, age-matching female controls (n = 14) were compared. The analysis of the gut microbiota analysis showed that, unlike control subjects, female endurance runners had distinct microbiotas, with some bacteria found in higher abundances likely being involved in gut inflammation. The concentration of succinate, a gut bacterial metabolite regarded as undesirable when accumulated in the lumen, was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the female endurance runners. Faecalibacterium, that was significantly (p<0.05) abundant in female endurance runners, can produce succinate in certain environments and hence may contribute to succinate accumulation, at least partly. The present work suggested that the gut microbiotas of female endurance runners are seemingly dysbiotic when compared with those of control subjects. Further investigation of the mechanism by which intensive, prolonged exercise affects the gut microbiota is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Morishima
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Aki Kawamura
- Sports Science Research Promotion Center, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawase
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition & Pathology, Ujitawara, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Department for Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Suzuki-Hashido N, Tsuchida S, Hayakawa T, Sakamoto M, Azumano A, Seino S, Matsuda I, Ohkuma M, Ushida K. Lactobacillus nasalidis sp. nov., isolated from the forestomach of a captive proboscis monkey ( Nasalis larvatus). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 33906706 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three strains (YZ01T, YZ02 and YZ03) of Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic rods were isolated from the forestomach contents collected from a captive male proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) at Yokohama Zoo in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. Based on the sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus JCM 15610T was the closest phylogenetic neighbour to YZ01T. Sequence analyses of two partial concatenated housekeeping genes, the RNA polymerase alpha subunit (rpoA) and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase alpha subunit (pheS) also indicated that the novel strains belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between L. delbrueckii subsp. indicus and YZ01T were 85.9 and 31.4 %, respectively. The phylogenetic tree based on the whole genomic data of strains YZ01T, YZ02 and YZ03 suggested that these three strains formed a single monophyletic cluster in the genus Lactobacillus, indicating that it belonged to a new species. The DNA G+C content of strain YZ01T was 51.6 mol%. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω9c. Therefore, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence, strains YZ01T, YZ02 and YZ03 represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus nasalidis sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain YZ01T (=JCM 33769T=DSM 110539T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nami Suzuki-Hashido
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.,Chubu University Academy of Emerging Sciences, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- Chubu University Academy of Emerging Sciences, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- Japan Monkey Centre, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-0081, Japan.,Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810 Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sakamoto
- PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.,Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Seino
- Present address: Preservation and Research Center, City of Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-0804, Japan.,Yokohama Zoo Zoorasia, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-0001, Japan
| | - Ikki Matsuda
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8203, Japan.,Chubu University Academy of Emerging Sciences, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.,Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Japan Monkey Centre, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-0081, Japan
| | | | - Kazunari Ushida
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.,Chubu University Academy of Emerging Sciences, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Adhesion receptor ADGRG2/GPR64 is in the GI-tract selectively expressed in mature intestinal tuft cells. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101231. [PMID: 33831593 PMCID: PMC8105302 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective GPR64/ADGRG2 is an orphan Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (ADGR) known to be mainly expressed in the parathyroid gland and epididymis. This investigation aimed to delineate the cellular expression of GPR64 throughout the body with focus on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Methods Transgenic Gpr64mCherry reporter mice were histologically examined throughout the body and reporter protein expression in intestinal tuft cells was confirmed by specific cell ablation. The GPCR repertoire of intestinal Gpr64mCherry-positive tuft cells was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis and in situ hybridization. The Gpr64mCherry was crossed into the general tuft cell reporter Trpm5GFP to generate small intestinal organoids for time-lapse imaging. Intestinal tuft cells were isolated from small intestine, FACS-purified and transcriptionally compared using RNA-seq analysis. Results Expression of the Gpr64mCherry reporter was identified in multiple organs and specifically in olfactory microvillous cells, enteric nerves, and importantly in respiratory and GI tuft cells. In the small intestine, cell ablation targeting Gpr64-expressing epithelial cells eliminated tuft cells. Transcriptional analysis of small intestinal Gpr64mCherry -positive tuft cells confirmed expression of Gpr64 and the chemo-sensors Sucnr1, Gprc5c, Drd3, and Gpr41/Ffar3. Time-lapse studies of organoids from Trpm5GFP:Gpr64mCherry mice revealed sequential expression of initially Trpm5GFP and subsequently also Gpr64mCherry in maturing intestinal tuft cells. RNA-seq analysis of small intestinal tuft cells based on these two markers demonstrated a dynamic change in expression of transcription factors and GPCRs from young to mature tuft cells. Conclusions GPR64 is expressed in chemosensory epithelial cells across a broad range of tissues; however, in the GI tract, GPR64 is remarkably selectively expressed in mature versus young immunoregulatory tuft cells. GPR64-RFP is expressed mainly in chemosensory epithelial cells, including tuft cells. Maturing intestinal tuft cells initially express Trpm5 and subsequently Gpr64. Mature intestinal Gpr64+ tuft cells express Sucnr1, Gprc5c, Drd3, and Gpr41/Ffar3. RNAseq analysis reveals dynamic transcriptional change of mature vs. young tuft cells.
Collapse
|
13
|
Impact of long-term antiretroviral therapy on gut and oral microbiotas in HIV-1-infected patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:960. [PMID: 33441754 PMCID: PMC7806981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In HIV-1-infected patients, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a key factor that may impact commensal microbiota and cause the emergence of side effects. However, it is not fully understood how long-term ART regimens have diverse impacts on the microbial compositions over time. Here, we performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of the fecal and salivary microbiomes in patients under different long-term ART. We found that ART, especially conventional nucleotide/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-based ART, has remarkable impacts on fecal microbial diversity: decreased α-diversity and increased ß-diversity over time. In contrast, dynamic diversity changes in the salivary microbiome were not observed. Comparative analysis of bacterial genus compositions showed a propensity for Prevotella-enriched and Bacteroides-poor gut microbiotas in patients with ART over time. In addition, we observed a gradual reduction in Bacteroides but drastic increases in Succinivibrio and/or Megasphaera under conventional ART. These results suggest that ART, especially NRTI-based ART, has more suppressive impacts on microbiota composition and diversity in the gut than in the mouth, which potentially causes intestinal dysbiosis in patients. Therefore, NRTI-sparing ART, especially integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)- and/or non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing regimens, might alleviate the burden of intestinal dysbiosis in HIV-1-infected patients under long-term ART.
Collapse
|
14
|
Tsukahara T, Kimura Y, Inoue R, Iwata T. Preliminary investigation of the use of dietary supplementation with probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 shows that it attenuates antimicrobial-induced dysbiosis in weaned piglets. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13475. [PMID: 33078490 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growth performance of pigs has been associated with healthy gut microbiota. To improve production, pigs are usually treated with antimicrobials. Nonetheless, while antimicrobials harm the gut-indigenous microbiota, probiotic supplementation seems to help keep it healthy. Here, using antimicrobials, we artificially induced dysbiosis in pigs and evaluated a possible preventive effect of probiotic supplementation. Three 6-week-old piglets were given a basal feed, and 3 more the feed supplemented with 2.0 × 106 CFU of Bacillus subtilis QST713/g of feed. After 14 days, antimicrobial enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg B.W.) was injected intramuscularly to all pigs on days 14-16. Feces were collected on days 14, 17, 19, 21, and 23. Total bacteria count was unaffected by enrofloxacin or QST713. However, Lactobacillus spp. and, in particular, Escherichia coli were affected by enrofloxacin, the latter not being observed in the feces on days 17 and 19. Interestingly, a reciprocal increase in E. coli was observed in control pigs on days 21 and 23, although in QST713-supplemented piglets, this increase was attenuated. While the gut microbiota composition did not return to initial levels in antimicrobial-administered piglets, it did in QST713-supplemented piglets. QST713 supplementation was likely crucial to keep the microbiota of piglets healthy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Morishima S, Aoi W, Kawamura A, Kawase T, Takagi T, Naito Y, Tsukahara T, Inoue R. Intensive, prolonged exercise seemingly causes gut dysbiosis in female endurance runners. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 68:253-258. [PMID: 34025029 PMCID: PMC8129978 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive, prolonged exercise is known to induce gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, with gut dysbiosis suggested as being one of the causatives. In the present study, we wanted to investigate the relationship between intensive exercise and the gut microbiota status. To that end, the microbiota, the moisture content and the bacterial metabolites (e.g., organic acids) of female endurance runners (n = 15) and those of non-athletic but healthy, age-matching female controls (n = 14) were compared. The analysis of the gut microbiota analysis showed that, unlike control subjects, female endurance runners had distinct microbiotas, with some bacteria found in higher abundances likely being involved in gut inflammation. The concentration of succinate, a gut bacterial metabolite regarded as undesirable when accumulated in the lumen, was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the female endurance runners. Faecalibacterium, that was significantly (p<0.05) abundant in female endurance runners, can produce succinate in certain environments and hence may contribute to succinate accumulation, at least partly. The present work suggested that the gut microbiotas of female endurance runners are seemingly dysbiotic when compared with those of control subjects. Further investigation of the mechanism by which intensive, prolonged exercise affects the gut microbiota is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Morishima
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Aki Kawamura
- Sports Science Research Promotion Center, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawase
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition & Pathology, Ujitawara, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Department for Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Song M, Fan Y, Su H, Ye J, Liu F, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Shu G, Wang Z, Zhu F, Lin G, Xue Y, Jiang Q, Wang S. Effects of Actigen, a second-generation mannan rich fraction, in antibiotics-free diets on growth performance, intestinal barrier functions and inflammation in weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
17
|
Tan X, Li J, Li Y, Li J, Wang Q, Fang L, Ding X, Huang P, Yang H, Yin Y. Effect of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins on serum biochemical profiles and intestinal bacterial populations in early-weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1503-1511. [PMID: 31144409 PMCID: PMC7166376 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with anti-E. coli, chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY), may affect early weaned piglet (EWP) intestinal functions and enteric micro-organisms. One hundred and forty-eight ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) piglets, weaned at age day 21, were randomly assigned to receive one of three diets for 14 days. Treatment group one (control group) was fed the base diet. Treatment group two (antibiotics group) was fed the base diet which was supplemented with 100 ppm colistin sulphate and 15 ppm enramycin; treatment group three (IgY group) was fed the base diet which was supplemented with 500 mg/kg anti-E. coli IgY. The study evaluated the effects on EWPs of IgY on growth, serum biochemical, inflammatory profiles and also digestion content intestinal bacterial populations. Results showed no significant difference in diarrhoea rates between IgY-fed EWPs and antibiotic-treated EWPs. Serum biochemical analysis showed that EWPs fed an IgY-containing diet had both lower (p < 0.05) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein compared to antibiotic-treated EWPs. Escherichia coli populations measured in IgY-fed EWP ileal contents, compared to the control group, were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium populations were unaffected by the IgY treatment. Larger (p < 0.05) Enterococcus populations and lower (p < 0.05) expression levels of heat-stable enterotoxin b (STb) were observed in IgY-fed EWP caecal digesta compared to the control group. Enteric Lactobacillus significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in EWPs fed antibiotics while it was unaffected by IgY treatment. Dietary supplementation with anti-E. coli IgY has the potential to suppress enteric E. coli growth, but not Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium. This promotes and maintains a healthy EWP intestinal environment. These findings suggest that IgY may be used as an alternative to antibiotics in EWP diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Tan
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jia Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qingping Wang
- Zyme Fast (Changsha) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ChangshaChina
| | - Lin Fang
- Zyme Fast (Changsha) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.ChangshaChina
| | - Xueqin Ding
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Role of Succinate in the Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010025. [PMID: 30583500 PMCID: PMC6356305 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinate is a metabolic intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle within host cells. Succinate is also produced in large amounts during bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber. Elevated succinate levels within the gut lumen have been reported in association with microbiome disturbances (dysbiosis), as well as in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and animal models of intestinal inflammation. Recent studies indicate that succinate can activate immune cells via its specific surface receptor, succinate receptor 1(SUCNR1), and enhance inflammation. However, the role of succinate in inflammatory processes within the gut mucosal immune system is unclear. This review includes current literature on the association of succinate with intestinal inflammation and the potential role of succinate–SUCNR1 signaling in gut immune functions.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Brugman S, Warden CH, Rebel JMJ, Folkerts G, Pieterse CMJ. How Can We Define "Optimal Microbiota?": A Comparative Review of Structure and Functions of Microbiota of Animals, Fish, and Plants in Agriculture. Front Nutr 2018; 5:90. [PMID: 30333981 PMCID: PMC6176000 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
All multicellular organisms benefit from their own microbiota, which play important roles in maintaining the host nutritional health and immunity. Recently, the number of studies on the microbiota of animals, fish, and plants of economic importance is rapidly expanding and there are increasing expectations that productivity and sustainability in agricultural management can be improved by microbiota manipulation. However, optimizing microbiota is still a challenging task because of the lack of knowledge on the dominant microorganisms or significant variations between microbiota, reflecting sampling biases, different agricultural management as well as breeding backgrounds. To offer a more generalized view on microbiota in agriculture, which can be used for defining criteria of “optimal microbiota” as the goal of manipulation, we summarize here current knowledge on microbiota on animals, fish, and plants with emphasis on bacterial community structure and metabolic functions, and how microbiota can be affected by domestication, conventional agricultural practices, and use of antimicrobial agents. Finally, we discuss future tasks for defining “optimal microbiota,” which can improve host growth, nutrition, and immunity and reduce the use of antimicrobial agents in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sylvia Brugman
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Craig H Warden
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Johanna M J Rebel
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tsuchida S, Kakooza S, Mbehang Nguema PP, Wampande EM, Ushida K. Characteristics of Gorilla-Specific Lactobacillus Isolated from Captive and Wild Gorillas. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030086. [PMID: 30110987 PMCID: PMC6165273 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) reside in a wide range of mammals, such as autochthonous intestinal bacteria. In this paper, we present the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics of gorilla-specific LAB. Lactobacillus gorillae—previously isolated from the wild and captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)—were successfully isolated from wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) in addition to other captive and wild western lowland gorillas. The strains from wild gorillas could ferment D-xylose, arbutine, cellobiose, and trehalose better than those from captive gorillas. By contrast, tolerance to NaCl was higher in isolates from captive gorillas than in those from wild gorillas. This tendency may have been induced by regular foods in zoos, which contain sufficient amount of salts but less amount of indigestible fiber and plant secondary metabolites compared to foods in the wild. All strains of L. gorillae showed inhibitory activities to enteric pathogenic bacteria; however, the activity was significantly higher for strains from wild gorillas than for those from captive gorillas. This may have been induced by the captive condition with routine veterinary intervention. Since L. gorillae can grow in the gastrointestinal tract of gorillas in captivity, the strains from wild mountain gorillas are potential probiotics for gorillas under captive conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Tsuchida
- Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
| | - Steven Kakooza
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda.
- Novel Minds Science Plexus, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | - Eddie M Wampande
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Clostridium difficile, the Difficult "Kloster" Fuelled by Antibiotics. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:774-782. [PMID: 30084095 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is normally present in low numbers in a healthy adult gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Drastic changes in the microbial population, e.g., dysbiosis caused by extensive treatment with antibiotics, stimulates the growth of resistant strains and the onset of C. difficile infection (CDI). Symptoms of infection varies from mild diarrhea to colitis (associated with dehydration and bleeding), pseudomembranous colitis with yellow ulcerations in the mucosa of the colon, to fulminant colitis (perforation of the gut membrane), and multiple organ failure. Inflamed epithelial cells and damaged mucosal tissue predisposes the colon to other opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Candida spp., and Salmonella spp. This may lead to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), sepsis, toxic megacolon, and even colorectal cancer. Many stains of C. difficile are resistant to metronidazole and vancomycin. Vaccination may be an answer to CDI, but requires more research. Success in treatment with probiotics depends on the strains used. Oral or rectal fecal transplants are partly effective, as spores in the small intestine may germinate and colonize the colon. The effect of antibiotics on C. difficile and commensal gut microbiota is summarized and changes in gut physiology are discussed. The need to search for non-antibiotic methods in the treatment of CDI and C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is emphasized.
Collapse
|
22
|
Baktash A, Terveer EM, Zwittink RD, Hornung BVH, Corver J, Kuijper EJ, Smits WK. Mechanistic Insights in the Success of Fecal Microbiota Transplants for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infections. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1242. [PMID: 29946308 PMCID: PMC6005852 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation has proven to be an effective treatment for infections with the gram-positive enteropathogen Clostridium difficile. Despite its effectiveness, the exact mechanisms that underlie its success are largely unclear. In this review, we highlight the pleiotropic effectors that are transferred during fecal microbiota transfer and relate this to the C. difficile lifecycle. In doing so, we show that it is likely that multiple factors contribute to the elimination of symptoms of C. difficile infections after fecal microbiota transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amoe Baktash
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M Terveer
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Netherlands Donor Feces Bank, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Romy D Zwittink
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bastian V H Hornung
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Corver
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ed J Kuijper
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Netherlands Donor Feces Bank, Leiden, Netherlands.,Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wiep Klaas Smits
- Experimental Bacteriology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Activation of intestinal tuft cell-expressed Sucnr1 triggers type 2 immunity in the mouse small intestine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5552-5557. [PMID: 29735652 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720758115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark features of type 2 mucosal immunity include intestinal tuft and goblet cell expansion initiated by tuft cell activation. How infectious agents that induce type 2 mucosal immunity are detected by tuft cells is unknown. Published microarray analysis suggested that succinate receptor 1 (Sucnr1) is specifically expressed in tuft cells. Thus, we hypothesized that the succinate-Sucnr1 axis may be utilized by tuft cells to detect certain infectious agents. Here we confirmed that Sucnr1 is specifically expressed in intestinal tuft cells but not in other types of intestinal epithelial cells, and demonstrated that dietary succinate induces tuft and goblet cell hyperplasia via Sucnr1 and the tuft cell-expressed chemosensory signaling elements gustducin and Trpm5. Conventional mice with a genetic Sucnr1 deficiency (Sucnr1-/-) showed diminished immune responses to treatment with polyethylene glycol and streptomycin, which are known to enhance microbiota-derived succinate, but responded normally to inoculation with the parasitic worm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis that also produces succinate. Thus, Sucnr1 is required for microbiota-induced but not for a generalized worm-induced type 2 immunity.
Collapse
|
24
|
Identification of pyroglutamyl peptides with anti-colitic activity in Japanese rice wine, sake, by oral administration in a mouse model. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
25
|
Ferreyra JA, Wu KJ, Hryckowian AJ, Bouley DM, Weimer BC, Sonnenburg JL. Gut microbiota-produced succinate promotes C. difficile infection after antibiotic treatment or motility disturbance. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 16:770-7. [PMID: 25498344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The mechanisms underlying C. difficile expansion after microbiota disturbance are just emerging. We assessed the gene expression profile of C. difficile within the intestine of gnotobiotic mice to identify genes regulated in response to either dietary or microbiota compositional changes. In the presence of the gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, C. difficile induces a pathway that metabolizes the microbiota fermentation end-product succinate to butyrate. The low concentration of succinate present in the microbiota of conventional mice is transiently elevated upon antibiotic treatment or chemically induced intestinal motility disturbance, and C. difficile exploits this succinate spike to expand in the perturbed intestine. A C. difficile mutant compromised in succinate utilization is at a competitive disadvantage during these perturbations. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms involved in microbiota-C. difficile interactions may help to identify approaches for the treatment and prevention of C. difficile-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Ferreyra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katherine J Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew J Hryckowian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Donna M Bouley
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bart C Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vong L, Pinnell LJ, Määttänen P, Yeung CW, Lurz E, Sherman PM. Selective enrichment of commensal gut bacteria protects against Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G181-92. [PMID: 26067845 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00053.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays a key role in shaping the host immune system. Perturbation of gut microbial composition, termed dysbiosis, is associated with an increased susceptibility to intestinal pathogens and is a hallmark of a number of inflammatory, metabolic, and infectious diseases. The prospect of mining the commensal gut microbiota for bacterial strains that can impact immune function represents an attractive strategy to counteract dysbiosis and resulting disease. In this study, we show that selective enrichment of commensal gut lactobacilli protects against the murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, a well-characterized model of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection. The lactobacilli-enriched bacterial culture prevented the expansion of Gammaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria and was associated with improved indexes of epithelial barrier function (dextran flux), transmissible crypt hyperplasia, and tissue inflammatory cytokine levels. Moreover, cultivation of gut bacteria from Citrobacter rodentium-infected mice reveals the differential capacity of bacterial subsets to mobilize neutrophil oxidative burst and initiate the formation of weblike neutrophil extracellular traps. Our findings highlight the beneficial effects of a lactobacilli-enriched commensal gut microenvironment and, in the context of an intestinal barrier breach, the ability of neutrophils to immobilize both commensal and pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vong
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Lee J Pinnell
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Pekka Määttänen
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - C William Yeung
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Eberhard Lurz
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Philip M Sherman
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mbehang Nguema PP, Okubo T, Tsuchida S, Fujita S, Yamagiwa J, Tamura Y, Ushida K. Isolation of multiple drug-resistant enteric bacteria from feces of wild Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Gabon. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:619-23. [PMID: 25649412 PMCID: PMC4478746 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria in wildlife can reveal the actual level of
anthropological burden on the wildlife. In this study, we isolated two multiple
drug-resistant strains, GG6-2 and GG6-1-1, from 27 fresh feces of wild western lowland
gorillas in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. Isolates were identified as
Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Providencia sp.,
respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the following 12 drugs—ampicillin
(ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ), cefotaxime (CTX), streptomycin (SM), gentamicin (GM), kanamycin
(KM), tetracycline (TC), nalidixic acid (NA), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), colistin (CL),
chloramphenicol (CP) and trimethoprim (TMP)—were determined. Isolate GG6-2 was resistant
to all antimicrobials tested and highly resistant to CTX, SM, TC, NA and TMP. Isolate
GG6-1-1 was resistant to ABPC, CEZ, TC, CL, CP and TMP.
Collapse
|
28
|
Mbehang Nguema PP, Tsuchida S, Ushida K. Bacteria culturing and isolation under field conditions of Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon, and preliminary survey on bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes. TROPICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3759/tropics.23.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lactobacillus gorillae sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of captive and wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:4001-4006. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.068429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four strains of Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Three strains, KZ01T, KZ02 and KZ03, were isolated at the Kyoto City Zoo, Japan, and one strain, GG02, was isolated in the Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. These strains were investigated taxonomically. These strains belonged to the
Lactobacillus reuteri
phylogenetic group according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and specific phenotypic characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains KZ01T, KZ02, KZ03 and GG02 formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. Based on sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene,
Lactobacillus fermentum
JCM 1173T (96.6 %) was the closest neighbour to these novel strains, although it was clear that these strains belonged to a different species. Partial pheS sequences also supported these relationships. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain KZ01T and
L. fermentum
JCM 1173T was less than 22 % and the DNA G+C content of strain KZ01T was 50.7 mol%. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4β (l-Orn–d-Asp) and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. Therefore, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological evidence, these strains represent a novel species of the genus
Lactobacillus
, for which the name Lactobacillus gorillae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KZ01T ( = JCM 19575T = DSM 28356T).
Collapse
|
30
|
Tsuchida S, Takahashi S, Nguema PPM, Fujita S, Kitahara M, Yamagiwa J, Ngomanda A, Ohkuma M, Ushida K. Bifidobacterium moukalabense sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of wild west lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 64:449-455. [PMID: 24158945 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.055186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-staining-positive anaerobic rods were isolated from the faeces of a wild lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon, and strain GG01(T) was taxonomically investigated. Based on phylogenetic analyses and specific phenotypic characteristics, the strain belonged to the genus Bifidobacterium. Phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain GG01(T) formed a single monophyletic cluster and had a distinct line of descent. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the type strains of Bifidobacterium catenulatum JCM 1194(T) (98.3%) and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (98.1%) JCM 1200(T) were the most closely related to this novel strain, although it was clear that they belonged to different species. hsp60 sequences also supported these relationships. The DNA G+C content of this novel strain was 60.1 mol%. Bifidobacterium moukalabense sp. nov. (type strain GG01(T) = JCM 18751(T) = DSM 27321(T)) is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | | | | | - Shiho Fujita
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Maki Kitahara
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Juichi Yamagiwa
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Alfred Ngomanda
- Research Institute of Tropical Ecology, Libreville, Bp 13354, Gabon
| | - Moriya Ohkuma
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tomoda K, Kubo K, Asahara T, Nomoto K, Nishii Y, Yamamoto Y, Yoshikawa M, Kimura H. Suppressed anti-oxidant capacity due to a cellulose-free diet declines further by cigarette smoke in mice. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:575-85. [PMID: 22687997 DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber, maintaining the gut environment, contributes to better lung function among smokers. This study was aimed to investigate the role of dietary fiber on the anti-oxidant capacity and gut environment during exposure to cigarette smoke. The anti-oxidant capacity as well as caecal levels of organic acids and population of micro-flora in the gut was measured after 4 months' exposure to cigarette smoke in mice (C57BL/6NcrSlc) fed with a cellulose-free diet. Animals were divided into control diet (AIN-93G)/non-smoke, cellulose-free diet/non-smoke, control diet/smoke, and cellulose-free diet/smoke groups. The anti-oxidant capacity in plasma was significantly suppressed by the cellulose-free diet in the non-smoke exposed mice. The suppression in the anti-oxidant capacity further declined following exposure to cigarette smoke. Both these changes in the anti-oxidant capacity were accompanied with changes in some organic acids levels in caecal contents. The anti-oxidant activity was significantly inversely correlated to succinic acid / acetic acid levels balance in caecal contents. In conclusion the cellulose-free diet suppressed the anti-oxidant capacity in mice, and the suppression further decreased by exposure to cigarette smoke. These changes in the anti-oxidant capacity may be related with changes in the gut environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Tomoda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
The bacterial microbiota in the ceca of Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) differs between wild and captive birds. Syst Appl Microbiol 2011; 34:542-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
33
|
Modric T, Modric S, Murphy MJ, Bright SJ, Shults S. Safety of antibiotic drugs in food animals: comparison of findings from preapproval studies and postapproval experience in the United States with safety information in published literature. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2011; 27:389-405, ix. [PMID: 21575776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are among the most widely prescribed drugs and are generally considered safe for the target species. However, their use has been associated with various adverse toxic effects in target animals, such as allergic reactions, gastrointestinal signs, cardiovascular effects, hypoglycemia, hepatic/renal toxicity, thrombocytopenia, and anaphylaxis. This article provides a qualitative summary of the adverse events observed in target animals during the evaluation of antibiotics by the Food and Drug Administration during both preapproval and postapproval periods. As there is a marked scarcity of published data on safety of antibiotics in food animals, more research is needed in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Modric
- Office of Surveillance and Compliance, FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, 7519 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kobayashi Y, Itoh A, Miyawaki K, Koike S, Iwabuchi O, Iimura Y, Kobashi Y, Kawashima T, Wakamatsu J, Hattori A, Murakami H, Morimatsu F, Nakaebisu T, Hishinuma T. Effect of liquid whey feeding on fecal microbiota of mature and growing pigs. Anim Sci J 2011; 82:607-15. [PMID: 21794022 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of liquid whey feeding on fecal bacteria and their metabolites was assessed in five pregnant sows and 66 growing pigs. Sows were fed a control diet for 4 weeks (control period) followed by the same diet but with whey feeding (5 L/day/pig) for 4 weeks (whey period). One group of growing pigs was given 267 L of whey per pig (whey group), while the other group was not (control group). In both cases, liquid whey was given separately from control diet. Sows in the whey period had feces showing lower pH, lower ammonia concentration, and larger population sizes of total bacteria, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The bacterial gene library analysis indicated that Mitsuokella and Megasphaera were more frequently detected, while Clostridium disporicum were detected less frequently in the whey period. Feces from whey-fed growing pigs showed lower pH than that from control pigs in the early stage of growing. Also, larger populations of total bacteria, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria were recorded in the whey group. From the bacterial gene library analysis, the detection frequency of Lactobacillus reuteri tended to be higher in the whey group. These results indicate that whey feeding influences the hindgut microbiota of pigs, possibly leading to a fermentation shift that is favorable for animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kobayashi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Olsenella umbonata sp. nov., a microaerotolerant anaerobic lactic acid bacterium from the sheep rumen and pig jejunum, and emended descriptions of Olsenella, Olsenella uli and Olsenella profusa. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:795-803. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.022954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain A2 is an anaerobic, variably Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, small and irregularly rod-shaped bacterium from the ruminal fluid of a sheep that has been described informally as a representative of ‘Olsenella (basonym Atopobium) oviles’. Three phenotypically similar bacterial strains (lac15, lac16 and lac31T) were isolated in concert with Veillonella magna lac18T from the mucosal jejunum of a pig. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains A2, lac15, lac16 and lac31T formed a genetically coherent group (100 % interstrain sequence similarity) within the bigeneric Olsenella–Atopobium branch of the family Coriobacteriaceae, class Actinobacteria. This group was most closely related to the type strains of the two recognized Olsenella species, namely Olsenella uli (sequence similarity of 96.85 %) and Olsenella profusa (sequence similarity of 97.20 %). The sequence similarity to the type strain of Atopobium minutum, the type species of the genus Atopobium, was 92.33 %. Unlike those of O. uli and O. profusa, outgrown colonies of strains A2, lac15, lac16 and lac31T were opaque and greyish-white with an umbonate elevation on solid culture media. The four novel strains were characterized as being well-adapted and presumably indigenous to the gastrointestinal tract of homoeothermic vertebrates: they were mesophilic, microaerotolerant, neutrophilic and acidotolerant, bile-resistant, mucin-utilizing and markedly peptidolytic lactic acid bacteria. The results of DNA–DNA hybridizations, cellular fatty acid analysis and other differential phenotypic (physiological and biochemical) tests confirmed that strains A2, lac15, lac16 and lac31T represent a novel species of the genus Olsenella. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic results, we therefore describe Olsenella umbonata sp. nov., with lac31T ( = CCUG 58604T = DSM 22620T = JCM 16156T) as the type strain and A2 ( = CCUG 58212 = DSM 22619 = JCM 16157) as an additionally available reference strain. Also, based on our data, we propose emended descriptions of the genus Olsenella and the species Olsenella uli and Olsenella profusa.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
It is now widely recognized that probiotics have health-beneficial effects on humans and animals. Probiotics should survive in the intestinal tract to exert beneficial effects on the host's health. To keep a sufficient level of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, a shorter interval between doses may be required. Although adherence to the intestinal epithelial cell and mucus is not a universal property of probiotics, high ability to adhere to the intestinal surface might strongly interfere with infection of pathogenic bacteria and regulate the immune system. The administration of probiotic Lactobacillus stimulated indigenous Lactobacilli and the production of short-chain fatty acids. This alteration of the intestinal environment should contribute to maintain the host's health. The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics are related to important parts of their beneficial effects. Probiotics may modulate the intestinal immune response through the stimulation of certain cytokine and IgA secretion in intestinal mucosa. The health-beneficial effects, in particular the immunomodulation effect, of probiotics depend on the strain used. Differences in indigenous intestinal microflora significantly alter the magnitude of the effects of a probiotic. Specific probiotic strains suitable for each animal species and their life stage as well as each individual should be found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ohashi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Administration of antibiotics during infancy promoted the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010; 74:358-63. [PMID: 20139606 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether oral antibiotic administration during infancy is associated with the spontaneous development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by modulating intestinal microbiota. Female NC/Nga mice at 3 weeks of age were orally administered kanamycin or polymyxin B. Clinical symptoms, scratching behavior, and serum antibody levels were evaluated. Changes in intestinal microbiota were determined by culture-independent analysis and cultural analysis. The kanamycin-treated mice showed higher clinical scores and scratching frequency than the control mice. IgE levels were significantly higher in the kanamycin-treated mice than in the control mice. Transient changes in intestinal microbiota were observed under kanamycin treatment. Polymyxin B treatment failed to affect scratching behavior. These results suggest that oral administration of kanamycin during infancy promoted the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice and was associated with a transient change in intestinal microbiota.
Collapse
|
38
|
USHIDA K, KISHIMOTO A, PIAO SJ, ITOH M, SHIGA A, NAKANISHI N, TSUKAHARA T. An epidemiological survey on pigs showing symptoms of infectious enteric diseases and dyspepsia in Japan. Anim Sci J 2009; 80:556-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2009.00671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
39
|
Kraatz M, Taras D. Veillonella magna sp. nov., isolated from the jejunal mucosa of a healthy pig, and emended description of Veillonella ratti. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:2755-61. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.2008/001032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
40
|
Lærke HN, Meyer AS, Kaack KV, Larsen T. Soluble fiber extracted from potato pulp is highly fermentable but has no effect on risk markers of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Goto-Kakizaki rats. Nutr Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
41
|
Islam MS, Sakaguchi E. Sorbitol-based osmotic diarrhea: Possible causes and mechanism of prevention investigated in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:7635-41. [PMID: 17171792 PMCID: PMC4088045 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i47.7635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the possible causes of sorbitol (S)-based diarrhea and its mechanism of reduction by rice gruel (RG) in cecectomized rats.
METHODS: S was dissolved either in distilled water or in RG (50 g/L) and ingested as a single oral dose (1.2 g/kg body mass, containing 0.5 g/L phenol red as a recovery marker) by S (control) and S + RG groups (n = 7), respectively. This dose is over the laxative dose for humans. Animals were sacrificed exactly 1 h after dose ingestion, without any access to drinking water. The whole gastro-intestinal tract was divided into seven segments and sampled to analyze the S and marker remaining in its contents.
RESULTS: Gastric-emptying and intestinal transit were comparatively slower in the S + RG group. Also, the S absorption index in the 3rd and last quarter of the small intestine (24.85 ± 18.88% vs 0.0 ± 0.0% and 39.09 ± 32.75% vs 0.0 ± 0.0%, respectively, P < 0.05) was significantly higher in the S + RG group than in the control group. The S absorption index and the intestinal fluid volume are inversely related to each other.
CONCLUSION: The intestinal mal-absorption of S is the main reason for S-based osmotic diarrhea. Where RG enhanced the absorption of S through passive diffusion, the degree of diarrhea was reduced in cecectomized rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahidul Islam
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama City 700-8530, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Konstantinov SR, Awati AA, Williams BA, Miller BG, Jones P, Stokes CR, Akkermans ADL, Smidt H, de Vos WM. Post-natal development of the porcine microbiota composition and activities. Environ Microbiol 2006; 8:1191-9. [PMID: 16817927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study describes the development of the porcine microbiota and its metabolic activities during the neonatal and weaning period. Using 16S rRNA-based approaches, we first analysed the ileal and colonic microbiota of neonatal piglets at days 2, 5 and 12 after birth. To further investigate the effect of weaning at 3 weeks of age, 19-day-old piglets (n = 64) were randomly allocated into two groups. Half of the piglets remained with their sows throughout the study, while the remaining piglets were weaned. As revealed by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, the samples of 2-day-old piglets harboured a consortium of bacteria related to Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Lactobacillus sobrius, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Moreover, species-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction assays unveiled that L. sobrius and L. reuteri predominated in the ileal samples of the neonatal and unweaned piglets with population levels up to 7 x 10(8) cells per gram of lumen content. Following weaning, however, these two lactobacilli were detected at significantly lower levels (< 10(3)) in the ileal samples. Furthermore, a shift in composition and metabolic activities of the predominant microbiota, and emergence of clostridia and E. coli, were encountered in the intestinal samples of the piglets after the early post-weaning period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey R Konstantinov
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Agrotechnology and Food Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
TSUKAHARA T, HASHIZUME K, KOYAMA H, USHIDA K. Stimulation of butyrate production through the metabolic interaction among lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and lactic acid-utilizing bacteria, Megasphaera elsdenii, in porcine cecal digesta. Anim Sci J 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2006.00372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
44
|
Hashizume K, Tsukahara T, Yamada K, Koyama H, Ushida K. Megasphaera elsdenii JCM1772T Normalizes Hyperlactate Production in the Large Intestine of Fructooligosaccharide-Fed Rats by Stimulating Butyrate Production. J Nutr 2003; 133:3187-90. [PMID: 14519808 DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.10.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlactate production is related to disorders of the large intestine such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Lactate, an intermediate in hindgut fermentation, is metabolized to SCFA. Megasphaera elsdenii can convert lactate to butyrate, a physiologically important organic acid for the hindgut mucosa. This experiment was conducted to determine whether M. elsdenii normalizes hyperlactate production and stimulates butyrate production in the rat large intestine. Specific pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley male rats (n = 12) were fed a fructooligosaccharide (FOS)-supplemented (100 g/kg), semipurified diet to induce lactate production. Lactate excretion in all rats was >30 mmol/kg fresh feces on d 2 of FOS-feeding. The rats were divided into two groups on the morning of d 4. One group (n = 5) was dosed orally with M. elsdenii JCM1772T (1.3 x 10(13) cells) for 3 d. The other group was treated with a vehicle solution. Fecal lactate was significantly lower in rats administered M. elsdenii than in controls. An increase in fecal butyrate compensated for the decrease in lactate. The number of cecal epithelial cells was greater in rats administered M. elsdenii than in controls. M. elsdenii has the potential to normalize hyperlactate accumulation in the large intestine, and lactate-utilizing butyrate producers may be useful probiotics when hyperlactate fermentation in the large intestine is a problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Hashizume
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tsukahara T, Iwasaki Y, Nakayama K, Ushida K. Microscopic structure of the large intestinal mucosa in piglets during an antibiotic-associated diarrhea. J Vet Med Sci 2003; 65:301-6. [PMID: 12679557 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.65.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is caused by the treatments of broad-spectrum antimicrobials that seriously affect the activity and composition of the large intestinal microflora. The pathogenic bacteria or low concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) has been repeatedly discussed in relation to AAD. Recently, we reported the detection of a large amount of succinate and lactate in the diarrheal feces in AAD-induced piglets. In this study, we investigated histologically the large intestinal mucosa in AAD-induced piglets, in which succinate and lactate were accumulated. AAD was induced in the piglets by an oral dose of polymyxin B sulfate (PL) or by an intra-muscular injection of enrofloxacin (ERFX). When the piglets were defecating diarrheal feces with a high concentration of succinate and/or lactate, the large intestine was removed and separated into four segments (cecum, gyri centripetales, gyri centrifugales, and rectum). Healthy piglets were used as the control. In the AAD-induced piglets, the lamina propria was edematous in the gyri centripetales. Piglets treated with ERFX were also edematous in gyri centrifugales. These edematous lamina propria contained larger amounts of inflammatory cells than observed in control tissues. ERFX-treated piglets had a more shallow crypt than PL-treated and control piglets. The mucosal tissue of the large intestine was more seriously damaged in the ERFX- than in the PL-treated piglets, which might have been caused by the high succinate and low SCFAs concentration in the digesta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Tsukahara
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|