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Gandhi UH, Benjamin A, Gajjar S, Hirani T, Desai K, Suhagia BB, Ahmad R, Sinha S, Haque M, Kumar S. Alcohol and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e62270. [PMID: 39006719 PMCID: PMC11246185 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The scientific literature dealing with alcohol and alcoholic beverages revealed that these drinks possess an adverse impact on periodontal tissues. Additionally, other principal risk factors include tobacco, smoking, poor oral hygiene, etc. It has been observed that among chronic alcoholics, there are further issues, such as mental, social, and physical effects, that promote alcoholism. These people may have weak immunity for defense against pathogenic organisms and bacteria. Thus, chances of gingival bleeding, swollen gums, bad breath, and increased bone loss are there. Different alcoholic beverages in the market cause less salivation; these beverages contain sugars that promote acid production in the oral cavity by pathogens that demineralize the enamel and damage gum and teeth. This chronic alcohol consumption can progress into different types of oral disorders, including cancer, halitosis, and caries, and is also associated with tobacco and smoking. Chronic alcohol consumption can cause alteration of the oral microbiome and increase oral pathogens, which lead to periodontal disease and an environment of inflammation created in the body due to malnutrition, diminished immunity, altered liver condition, brain damage, and gut microbiota alteration. Heavily colored alcoholic beverages produce staining on teeth and, due to less saliva, may cause other toxic effects on the periodontium. Over-dependency on alcohol leads to necrotizing lesions such as necrotizing gingivitis, necrotizing periodontitis, and necrotizing stomatitis. These pathological impairments instigate severe damage to oral structures. Therefore, proper counseling by the attending dental surgeon and related health professionals is urgently required for the patient on the basis that the individual case needs to go away from the regular heavy consumption of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav H Gandhi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Amit Benjamin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Shreya Gajjar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Tanvi Hirani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Khushboo Desai
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Bansariben B Suhagia
- Department of Periodontology, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Susmita Sinha
- Department of Physiology, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Mainul Haque
- Department of Research, Karnavati Scientific Research Center, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
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2
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Shimazu K, Ookoshi K, Fukumitsu S, Kagami H, Mitsuhata C, Nomura R, Aida K. Effects of Oleanolic Acid Derived from Wine Pomace on Periodontopathic Bacterial Growth in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:133. [PMID: 38786531 PMCID: PMC11119493 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is caused by oral pathogenic bacteria and is associated with systemic disease and frailty. Therefore, its prevention is crucial in extending healthy life expectancy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of orally administered oleanolic acid, extracted from wine pomace, on periodontopathic bacterial growth in healthy individuals. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison study, 84 healthy adults were assigned to a placebo (n = 29), low-dose (n = 29, 9 mg oleanolic acid), or high-dose (n = 26, 27 mg oleanolic acid) groups. The number of oral bacteria in their saliva, collected before and 5 h after administration, was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-invader technique. The proportion of periodontopathic bacteria among the total oral bacteria in the saliva was calculated. Oleanolic acid significantly decreased the proportion of Porphyromonas gingivalis among the total oral bacteria in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.005 (low-dose) and p = 0.003 (high-dose) vs. placebo, Williams' test). Moreover, high-dose oleanolic acid decreased the proportion of Tannerella forsythia (p = 0.064 vs. placebo, Williams' test). Periodontopathic bacteria are closely associated with the development and progression of periodontal disease; thus, the continuous daily intake of oleanolic acid derived from pomace may be helpful in maintaining a healthy oral microbiome by controlling the proportion of periodontopathic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Shimazu
- Innovation Center, Central Research Laboratory, Nippn Corporation, Yokohama 243-0041, Japan; (K.O.); (S.F.); (K.A.)
| | - Kouta Ookoshi
- Innovation Center, Central Research Laboratory, Nippn Corporation, Yokohama 243-0041, Japan; (K.O.); (S.F.); (K.A.)
| | - Satoshi Fukumitsu
- Innovation Center, Central Research Laboratory, Nippn Corporation, Yokohama 243-0041, Japan; (K.O.); (S.F.); (K.A.)
| | | | - Chieko Mitsuhata
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (C.M.); (R.N.)
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (C.M.); (R.N.)
| | - Kazuhiko Aida
- Innovation Center, Central Research Laboratory, Nippn Corporation, Yokohama 243-0041, Japan; (K.O.); (S.F.); (K.A.)
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3
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Zhang M, Mi N, Ying Z, Lin X, Jin Y. Advances in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on oral bacteria. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1291455. [PMID: 38156323 PMCID: PMC10754487 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1291455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the global population undergoing demographic shift towards aging, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prominent neurodegenerative disorder that primarily afflicts individuals aged 65 and above, has increased across various geographical regions. This phenomenon is accompanied by a concomitant decline in immune functionality and oral hygiene capacity among the elderly, precipitating compromised oral functionality and an augmented burden of dental plaque. Accordingly, oral afflictions, including dental caries and periodontal disease, manifest with frequency among the geriatric population worldwide. Recent scientific investigations have unveiled the potential role of oral bacteria in instigating both local and systemic chronic inflammation, thereby delineating a putative nexus between oral health and the genesis and progression of AD. They further proposed the oral microbiome as a potentially modifiable risk factor in AD development, although the precise pathological mechanisms and degree of association have yet to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes current research on the relationship between oral bacteria and AD, describing the epidemiological and pathological mechanisms that may potentially link them. The purpose is to enrich early diagnostic approaches by incorporating emerging biomarkers, offering novel insights for clinicians in the early detection of AD. Additionally, it explores the potential of vaccination strategies and guidance for clinical pharmacotherapy. It proposes the development of maintenance measures specifically targeting oral health in older adults and advocates for guiding elderly patients in adopting healthy lifestyle habits, ultimately aiming to indirectly mitigate the progression of AD while promoting oral health in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Pacheco BLB, Nogueira CP, Venancio EJ. IgY Antibodies from Birds: A Review on Affinity and Avidity. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3130. [PMID: 37835736 PMCID: PMC10571861 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IgY antibodies are found in the blood and yolk of eggs. Several studies show the feasibility of utilising IgY for immunotherapy and immunodiagnosis. These antibodies have been studied because they fulfil the current needs for reducing, replacing, and improving the use of animals. Affinity and avidity represent the strength of the antigen-antibody interaction and directly influence antibody action. The aim of this review was to examine the factors that influence the affinity and avidity of IgY antibodies and the methodologies used to determine these variables. In birds, there are few studies on the maturation of antibody affinity and avidity, and these studies suggest that the use of an adjuvant-type of antigen, the animal lineage, the number of immunisations, and the time interfered with the affinity and avidity of IgY antibodies. Regarding the methodologies, most studies use chaotropic agents to determine the avidity index. Studies involving the solution phase and equilibrium titration reactions are also described. These results demonstrate the need for the standardisation of methodologies for the determination of affinity and avidity so that further studies can be performed to optimise the production of high avidity IgY antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Parada Nogueira
- Scientific Initiation Programme, Animal Science Course, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil;
| | - Emerson José Venancio
- Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil
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The Potential of Aloe vera as an Active Ingredient in Toothpaste Formulations: A Narrative Review. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.117500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Tooth brushing is a primary method to prevent the onset of oral diseases. Aloe vera is commonly used in dentistry as an herbal alternative due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial actions; recently, it has been used in toothpaste formulations as an active agent. This review aimed to investigate the clinical effects of A. vera as an active ingredient in toothpaste formulations. Materials and Methods: The data used in this review was extracted from articles published until 2020. We searched official databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Science Direct, using the “Aloe vera”, “dentifrice”, and “toothpaste” keywords. After screening titles and abstracts, relevant studies were used for full-text review. Results: Although conflicting results have been reported on the usage of A. vera toothpaste in different studies, the majority of findings suggest that A. vera effectively reduces periodontal indices and removes different organisms, including Streptococcus mutans. However, the overall effects of this herbal toothpaste were found to be equal to those of other commercial toothpaste. Conclusions: Aloe vera toothpaste is as beneficial as other kinds of toothpaste. Therefore, it can be used as an adjunct agent in toothpaste due to its established effects on improving periodontal problems and reducing different oral cavity micro-organisms.
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Rajendiran M, Trivedi HM, Chen D, Gajendrareddy P, Chen L. Recent Development of Active Ingredients in Mouthwashes and Toothpastes for Periodontal Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072001. [PMID: 33916013 PMCID: PMC8037529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis are primarily caused by dental plaque. Several antiplaque and anti-microbial agents have been successfully incorporated into toothpastes and mouthwashes to control plaque biofilms and to prevent and treat gingivitis and periodontitis. The aim of this article was to review recent developments in the antiplaque, anti-gingivitis, and anti-periodontitis properties of some common compounds in toothpastes and mouthwashes by evaluating basic and clinical studies, especially the ones published in the past five years. The common active ingredients in toothpastes and mouthwashes included in this review are chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, stannous chloride, zinc oxide, zinc chloride, and two herbs—licorice and curcumin. We believe this comprehensive review will provide useful up-to-date information for dental care professionals and the general public regarding the major oral care products on the market that are in daily use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rajendiran
- The Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Harsh M Trivedi
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (H.M.T.); (D.C.)
| | - Dandan Chen
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (H.M.T.); (D.C.)
| | - Praveen Gajendrareddy
- The Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (L.C.); Tel.: +1-312-413-8405 (P.G.); +1-312-413-5387 (L.C.)
| | - Lin Chen
- The Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (L.C.); Tel.: +1-312-413-8405 (P.G.); +1-312-413-5387 (L.C.)
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Myneni SR, Brocavich K, Wang H. Biological strategies for the prevention of periodontal disease: Probiotics and vaccines. Periodontol 2000 2020; 84:161-175. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Rao Myneni
- Department of Periodontology Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Kristen Brocavich
- Department of Periodontology Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Howard Wang
- Department of Periodontology Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
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Tadakamadla SK, Bharathwaj VV, Duraiswamy P, Sforza C, Tartaglia GM. Clinical efficacy of a new cetylpyridinium chloride-hyaluronic acid-based mouthrinse compared to chlorhexidine and placebo mouthrinses-A 21-day randomized clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2019; 18:116-123. [PMID: 31276312 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of a novel cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-hyaluronic acid (HA)-based mouthrinse with chlorhexidine (CHX) and placebo mouthrinses in preventing plaque and gingivitis. The secondary outcomes were calculus, extrinsic stains, oral malodour and occurrence of adverse events. METHODS A 21-day randomized, double-blind, three-arm parallel study with random allocation of young dental students to any of the three mouthrinse groups. Thorough prophylaxis was done at baseline followed by a baseline examination for oral malodour, extrinsic stains, calculus, gingivitis and plaque by a single examiner. All the subjects used the allocated mouthrinse twice daily for 21 days and were examined again at the end of the experimental period. They were also interviewed for adverse events. Change in the scores of clinical indices was calculated and compared between the groups. RESULTS A total of 75 subjects were included and completed the experiment. There was a significant difference for change in plaque index scores between the groups (P = .015); subjects in the placebo group experienced higher levels of plaque accumulation than the other groups. Teeth staining increased in the CHX (P < .001) and placebo groups (P = .002), but not in CPC-HA users (P = .573). No significant differences were found between the three experimental groups for change in the gingival index (P = .08), calculus scores (P = .494), oral malodour (P = .870) and reporting of adverse events (P = .249). CONCLUSIONS CPC-HA and CHX had similar effectiveness in preventing plaque accumulation, while no differences were observed between the mouthrinses for preventing gingivitis. Dental staining was caused by CHX and the placebo mouthrinses but not by CPC-HA mouthrinse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Prabu Duraiswamy
- Department of Public health dentistry, SRM Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Gianluca M Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Private Practice, SST Dental Clinic, Segrate, Italy
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Quan H, Dai X, Liu M, Wu C, Wang D. Luteolin supports osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:229. [PMID: 31655580 PMCID: PMC6815369 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research revealed that luteolin could improve the activation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin in mouse osteoblasts. We aimed to determine the effect of luteolin on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Methods Cultured human PDLCs (HPDLCs) were treated by luteolin at 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μmol/L, Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor (XAV939, 5 μmol/L) alone or in combination with 1 μmol/L luteolin. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to ensure cells source. Cell activity and the ability of osteogenic differentiation in HPDLCs were determined by MTT, ALP and Alizarin Red S staining. Real-time Quantitative PCR Detecting System (qPCR) and Western blot were performed to measure the expressions of osteogenic differentiation-related genes such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), osteocalcin (OCN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Osterix (OSX) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins members cyclin D1 and β-catenin. Results Luteolin at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μmol/L promoted cell viability, ALP activity and increased calcified nodules content in HPDLCs. The expressions of BMP2, OCN, OSX, RUNX2, β-catenin and cyclin D1 were increased by luteolin at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1 μmol/L, noticeably, 1 μmol/L luteolin produced the strongest effects. In addition, XAV939 inhibited the expressions of calcification and osteogenic differentiation-related genes in HPDLCs, and 1 μmol/L luteolin availably decreased the inhibitory effect. Conclusion 1 μmol/L luteolin accelerated osteogenic differentiation of HPDLCs via activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which could be clinically applied to treat periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Quan
- Economic & Technological Development Area Clinic, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, No. 11 Songshan Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaopeng Dai
- Economic & Technological Development Area Clinic, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, No. 11 Songshan Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- Economic & Technological Development Area Clinic, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, No. 11 Songshan Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuanjun Wu
- Economic & Technological Development Area Clinic, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, No. 11 Songshan Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Economic & Technological Development Area Clinic, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, No. 11 Songshan Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China.
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10
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Minami M, Takase H, Taira M, Makino T. In Vitro Effect of the Traditional Medicine Hainosan (Painongsan) on Porphyromonas gingivalis. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E58. [PMID: 31137477 PMCID: PMC6630747 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hainosan (Painongsan) is a traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine that is used to treat several purulent diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis. This formulation contains three crude drug components: The dried immature fruit of Citrus aurantium (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora (Paeoniae Radix), and the dried root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Platycodi Radix). Here we evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of hainosan extract (HNS) and extracts of its three components against Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the pathogenic bacteria that causes periodontitis. Methods: The antibacterial activities of HNS and its components were examined by counting the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) and through transmission electron microscopy. Results: We found that HNS had direct antibacterial activity against three P. gingivalis isolates (JCM12257, JCM8525, and JCM19600), with HNS-treated cells being significantly smaller than those of untreated bacteria. Extracts of Platycodi Radix and Paeoniae Radix significantly suppressed the growth of P. gingivalis in a dose-dependent manner, with Platycodi Radix extract having the greatest antibacterial effect. In addition, P. gingivalis that were treated with Platycodi Radix extract were significantly larger than those treated with Aurantii Fructus Immaturus or Paeoniae Radix extracts. Further analysis showed that platycodin D, which is one of the ingredients of Platycodi Radix, reduced bacterial growth. Conclusions: Platycodi Radix is the active component in Hainosan and may represent a useful agent for the treatment of P. gingivalis-induced gingivitis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Minami
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Masayo Taira
- JPS Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 4-42-22 Higashiyamata, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-0023, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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11
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Wang F, Qiao W, Xu X, Wang S, Regenstein JM, Bao B, Ma M. Egg yolk immunoglobulins' impact on experimental periodontitis caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Technol Health Care 2018; 26:805-814. [PMID: 30282381 DOI: 10.3233/thc-181255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis that leads to a series of periodontal tissue injuries. Egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) is procuded in egg yolk and inhibits P. gingivalis. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the effect of IgY on experimental periodontitis caused by P. gingivalis. METHODS The second molars of rats were ligatured using medical 5-0 silk and smeared with P. gingivalis to induce experimental periodontitis. Then, the rats were smeared with 2 mL IgY solutions or 0.9% NaCl in the oral cavity for up to 4 wk. The scores for gingival index, plaque index and probe on bleeding, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, X-ray radiography and histology were used to determine the efficacy of the IgY on experimental periodontitis. RESULTS The clinical indices improved; the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly (p< 0.05) decreased; the X-rays and histomorphological observations suggested that the periodontal inflammation and periodontitis were alleviated compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS IgY showed significant effects on anti-inflammatory, anti-coaggregation activity, and protected against alveolar bone loss. Therefore, it had a beneficial effect on preventing experimental periodontitis caused by P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Wu Qiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Shanghai MAXAM Company Limited, Shanghai 200333, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853-7201, NY, USA
| | - Bin Bao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ming Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
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12
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Almeida ML, Tôrres ACSDP, de Oliveira KC, Calderon PDS, Carreiro ADFP, Gurgel BCDV. Longitudinal Improvement in Periodontal Parameters between RPD Abutment Teeth with Direct and Indirect Retainers, after Periodontal Therapy. J Prosthodont 2018; 28:e440-e444. [PMID: 29508481 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of basic periodontal treatment on clinical periodontal parameters associated with abutment teeth of patients with mandibular Kennedy class I removable partial dentures (RPD) 18 months after treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients with periodontal disease were treated and evaluated according to the following periodontal parameters: visible plaque index (VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and keratinized mucosa (KM). These parameters were compared between abutment teeth with direct and indirect retainers at baseline, and after 6 and 18 months. Data were analyzed by Friedman Test and Wilcoxon Test for all variables. RESULTS Most patients (n = 26; 86.7%) included in the study were female and had a mean age of 61 years (±7.54). Results showed that VPI and BOP decreased over time, and that VPI values were higher in abutment teeth with direct retainers (p = 0.001). There was a reduction in PD after 6 months, which was maintained up to 18 months. In general, abutment teeth with direct retainers had significantly higher values for PD, GR, and CAL (p = 0.029). Data also indicated that the parameters for VPI, BOP, and PD improved; however, abutment teeth with direct retainers presented smaller improvements, compared with abutment teeth with indirect retainers, which presented significant improvements for almost all variables. CONCLUSION Periodontal treatment and oral hygiene care of patients were adequate for maintenance of adequate periodontal conditions, regardless of the use of prostheses.
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13
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Pan C, Liu J, Wang H, Song J, Tan L, Zhao H. Porphyromonas gingivalis can invade periodontal ligament stem cells. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:38. [PMID: 28212613 PMCID: PMC5316216 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-0950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with the development, progression, severity and recurrence of periodontitis. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play an important role in the maintenance of periodontal tissue self-renewal and repair. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of P. gingivalis to infect PDLSCs using an in vitro monolayer model. Methods We separated and cultured primary PDLSCs using the tissue block with limiting dilution method. The efficiency of P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277) infection of PDLSCs was measured using agar plate culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) methods. PDLSCs infected with P. gingivalis were also observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results We assessed stem cell properties including cell morphology, clone formation, growth activity, cell surface antigens and multiple differentiation capacity. The infection rates of P. gingivalis in PDLSC at MOIs of 50, 100, 200, and 500 were 5.83%, 8.12%, 7.77% and 7.53% according to the agar plate culture method. By q-PCR, the efficiencies of P. gingivalis infection of PDLSCs at MOIs of 50, 100, 200, and 500 were 6.74%, 10.56%, 10.36% and 9.78%, respectively. Overall, the infection efficiency based on q-PCR was higher than that according to agar plate culture. Using transmission electron microscopy, we verified that P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277) could infect and invade PDLSCs after 2 h of incubation, and endocytic vacuoles were not found surrounding the internalized bacteria. Conclusions In conclusion, our data demonstrate that P. gingivalis can invade PDLSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-017-0950-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Pan
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China.
| | - Junchao Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Lisi Tan
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Haijiao Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
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14
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Alkaya B, Laleman I, Keceli S, Ozcelik O, Cenk Haytac M, Teughels W. Clinical effects of probiotics containing Bacillus
species on gingivitis: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:497-504. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Alkaya
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Cukurova Univerisity; Adana Turkey
| | - I. Laleman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; KU Leuven & Dentistry; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - S. Keceli
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Cukurova Univerisity; Adana Turkey
| | - O. Ozcelik
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Cukurova Univerisity; Adana Turkey
| | - M. Cenk Haytac
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Cukurova Univerisity; Adana Turkey
| | - W. Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; KU Leuven & Dentistry; University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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15
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Emani S, Thomas R, Shah R, Mehta DS. Application of transtheoretical model to assess the compliance of chronic periodontitis patients to periodontal therapy. Contemp Clin Dent 2016; 7:176-81. [PMID: 27307663 PMCID: PMC4906859 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.183068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present cross-sectional survey study was conducted to assess whether the transtheoretical model for oral hygiene behavior was interrelated in theoretically consistent directions in chronic periodontitis patients and its applicability to assess the compliance of the chronic periodontitis patients to the treatment suggested. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 chronic periodontitis patients were selected for the proposed study. The selected patients were given four questionnaires that were constructed based on transtheoretical model (TTM), and the patients were divided subsequently into five different groups (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance groups) based on their answers to the questionnaires. Then, each patient was given four appointments for their periodontal treatment spaced with a time gap of 10 days. The patients visit for each appointments scheduled to them was documented. The results obtained were assessed using TTM. RESULTS Higher mean pro scores of decisional balance, self-efficacy, and process of change scores was recorded in maintenance group followed by action group, preparation group, contemplation group, and precontemplation group, respectively, whereas higher mean cons score was recorded in precontemplation group followed by contemplation group, preparation group, action group, and maintenance group, respectively. The difference scores of TTM constructs were statistically highly significant between all the five groups. Furthermore, the number of appointment attended in were significantly more than maintenance group followed by action group, preparation group, contemplation group, and precontemplation group. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that transtheoretical model can be successfully applied to chronic periodontitis patients to assess their compliance to the suggested periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Emani
- Clinical Practitioner, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Raison Thomas
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Rucha Shah
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhoom Singh Mehta
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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16
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Jafer M, Patil S, Hosmani J, Bhandi SH, Chalisserry EP, Anil S. Chemical Plaque Control Strategies in the Prevention of Biofilm-associated Oral Diseases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:337-343. [PMID: 27340170 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dental plaque is a biofilm that forms naturally on the surfaces of exposed teeth and other areas of the oral cavity. It is the primary etiological factor for the most frequently occurring oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. Specific, nonspecific, and ecologic plaque hypothesis explains the causation of dental and associated diseases. Adequate control of biofilm accumulation on teeth has been the cornerstone of prevention of periodontitis and dental caries. Mechanical plaque control is the mainstay for prevention of oral diseases, but it requires patient cooperation and motivation; therefore, chemical plaque control agents act as useful adjuvants for achieving the desired results. Hence, it is imperative for the clinicians to update their knowledge in chemical antiplaque agents and other developments for the effective management of plaque biofilm-associated diseases. This article explores the critical analysis of various chemical plaque control strategies and the current trends in the control and prevention of dental plaque biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jafer
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Associate Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, e-mail:
| | - Jagadish Hosmani
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilpa H Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elna P Chalisserry
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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17
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Susceptibility of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans to Antibacterial Effect from Mammea americana. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2014; 2014:384815. [PMID: 24864137 PMCID: PMC4017792 DOI: 10.1155/2014/384815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of periodontal disease and dental caries is influenced by several factors, such as microorganisms of bacterial biofilm or commensal bacteria in the mouth. These microorganisms trigger inflammatory and immune responses in the host. Currently, medicinal plants are treatment options for these oral diseases. Mammea americana extracts have reported antimicrobial effects against several microorganisms. Nevertheless, this effect is unknown against oral bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of M. americana extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans. For this, an experimental study was conducted. Ethanolic extract was obtained from seeds of M. americana (one oil phase and one ethanolic phase). The strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 were exposed to this extract to evaluate its antibacterial effect. Antibacterial activity was observed with the two phases of M. americana extract on P. gingivalis and S. mutans with lower MICs (minimum inhibitory concentration). Also, bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity was detected against S. mutans, depending on the concentration of the extract, while on M. americana extract presented only bacteriostatic activity against P. gingivalis. These findings provide important and promising information allowing for further exploration in the future.
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18
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Jentsch H, Mozaffari E, Jonas L. Scanning electron microscopy of growing dental plaque: a quantitative study with different mouth rinses. Ultrastruct Pathol 2013; 37:233-40. [PMID: 23758106 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2013.763882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of different mouth rinses on dental plaque. Wearing splints with enamel pieces 24 volunteers rinsed with essential oils, amine/stannous fluoride, or chlorhexidine digluconate (0.12%) mouth rinses. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h the enamel pieces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The counts of cocci and bacilli in different plaque layers and the plaque thickness were almost similar using essential oils and amine/stannous fluoride. These results differed significantly from those of chlorhexidine digluconate mouth rinses. The results for plaque thickness were without significant differences between the groups at any appointment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jentsch
- Department of Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Rahman S, Van Nguyen S, Icatlo FC, Umeda K, Kodama Y. Oral passive IgY-based immunotherapeutics: a novel solution for prevention and treatment of alimentary tract diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:1039-48. [PMID: 23319156 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This commentary summarizes the laboratory investigations and clinical trials published recently involving per-oral application of IgY supplemented food for specific orogastrointestinal disease prevention and control purposes. The prolonged use and misuse of conventional antibacterial drugs has spawned antibiotic resistant microbes prompting scientists to search for other germ-killing options. In particular, the use of IgY as a novel mode of immunotherapy using oral chicken immunoglobulin (IgY) to confer passive immunity has gained much interest as an inexpensive non-antibiotic alternative for the prophylaxis and treatment of a wide variety of infectious diseases. The stability of IgY in the orogastrointestinal tract and its safety profile has been well-documented. IgY has been used in the treatment or prevention of dental caries, periodontitis and gingivitis, gastritis and gastric ulcer, oral thrush and infant rotavirus diarrhea. The recent clinical trials on IgY with encouraging results has catapulted into the market novel nutraceutical or health supplements for therapeutic or prophylactic intervention based on the consumption of mono-specific or mixed IgY formulations. With recent trends in consumer preference for natural materials to alleviate health concerns, the increasing healthcare costs and the recent advances in drug delivery systems, IgY is likely to shift from its mainly functional food status toward pharmaceuticalization in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiqur Rahman
- Immunology Research Institute in Gifu; EW Nutrition Japan; Sano, Gifu Japan
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