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Liu J, Li L, Xu D, Li Y, Chen T, Liu Y, Bao Y, Wang Y, Yang L, Li P, Xu L. Rab18 maintains homeostasis of subcutaneous adipose tissue to prevent obesity-induced metabolic disorders. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1170-1182. [PMID: 38523235 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Metabolically healthy obesity refers to obese individuals who do not develop metabolic disorders. These people store fat in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) rather than in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). However, the molecules participating in this specific scenario remain elusive. Rab18, a lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein, mediates the contact between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and LDs to facilitate LD growth and maturation. In the present study, we show that the protein level of Rab18 is specifically upregulated in the SAT of obese people and mice. Rab18 adipocyte-specific knockout (Rab18 AKO) mice had a decreased volume ratio of SAT to VAT compared with wildtype mice. When subjected to high-fat diet (HFD), Rab18 AKO mice had increased ER stress and inflammation, reduced adiponectin, and decreased triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in SAT. In contrast, TAG accumulation in VAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT) or liver of Rab18 AKO mice had a moderate increase without ER stress stimulation. Rab18 AKO mice developed insulin resistance and systematic inflammation. Rab18 AKO mice maintained body temperature in response to acute and chronic cold induction with a thermogenic SAT, similar to the counterpart mice. Furthermore, Rab18-deficient 3T3-L1 adipocytes were more prone to palmitate-induced ER stress, indicating the involvement of Rab18 in alleviating lipid toxicity. Rab18 AKO mice provide a good animal model to investigate metabolic disorders such as impaired SAT. In conclusion, our studies reveal that Rab18 is a key and specific regulator that maintains the proper functions of SAT by alleviating lipid-induced ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, 200232, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liangkui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dijin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yeyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Longyan Yang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, 200232, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, 200232, China.
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Cui W, Yang J, Tu C, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Qiao Y, Li Y, Yang W, Lim KL, Ma Q, Zhang C, Lu L. Seipin deficiency-induced lipid dysregulation leads to hypomyelination-associated cognitive deficits via compromising oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:350. [PMID: 38773070 PMCID: PMC11109229 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Seipin is one key mediator of lipid metabolism that is highly expressed in adipose tissues as well as in the brain. Lack of Seipin gene, Bscl2, leads to not only severe lipid metabolic disorders but also cognitive impairments and motor disabilities. Myelin, composed mainly of lipids, facilitates nerve transmission and is important for motor coordination and learning. Whether Seipin deficiency-leaded defects in learning and motor coordination is underlined by lipid dysregulation and its consequent myelin abnormalities remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we verified the expression of Seipin in oligodendrocytes (OLs) and their precursors, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and demonstrated that Seipin deficiency compromised OPC differentiation, which led to decreased OL numbers, myelin protein, myelinated fiber proportion and thickness of myelin. Deficiency of Seipin resulted in impaired spatial cognition and motor coordination in mice. Mechanistically, Seipin deficiency suppressed sphingolipid metabolism-related genes in OPCs and caused morphological abnormalities in lipid droplets (LDs), which markedly impeded OPC differentiation. Importantly, rosiglitazone, one agonist of PPAR-gamma, substantially restored phenotypes resulting from Seipin deficiency, such as aberrant LDs, reduced sphingolipids, obstructed OPC differentiation, and neurobehavioral defects. Collectively, the present study elucidated how Seipin deficiency-induced lipid dysregulation leads to neurobehavioral deficits via impairing myelination, which may pave the way for developing novel intervention strategy for treating metabolism-involved neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chuanyun Tu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ziting Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Quanhong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Li Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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Meng Z, Liu C, Xu M, Tao Y, Li H, Wang X, Liao J, Wang M. Adipose transplantation improves metabolism and atherosclerosis but not perivascular adipose tissue abnormality or vascular dysfunction in lipodystrophic Seipin/Apoe null mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1410-C1422. [PMID: 38525541 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00698.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Adipose dysfunction in lipodystrophic SEIPIN deficiency is associated with multiple metabolic disorders and increased risks of developing cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. Recently, adipose transplantation has been found to correct adipose dysfunction and metabolic disorders in lipodystrophic Seipin knockout mice; however, whether adipose transplantation could improve lipodystrophy-associated cardiovascular consequences is still unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of adipose transplantation on lipodystrophy-associated metabolic cardiovascular diseases in Seipin knockout mice crossed into atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (Apoe) knockout background. At 2 months of age, lipodystrophic Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice and nonlipodystrophic Apoe knockout controls were subjected to adipose transplantation or sham operation. Seven months later, mice were euthanized. Our data showed that although adipose transplantation had no significant impact on endogenous adipose atrophy or gene expression, it remarkably increased plasma leptin but not adiponectin concentration in Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice. This led to significantly reduced hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance in Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice. Consequently, atherosclerosis burden, intraplaque macrophage infiltration, and aortic inflammatory gene expression were all attenuated in Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice with adipose transplantation. However, adipocyte morphology, macrophage infiltration, or fibrosis of the perivascular adipose tissue was not altered in Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice with adipose transplantation, followed by no significant improvement of vasoconstriction or relaxation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that adipose transplantation could alleviate lipodystrophy-associated metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis but has an almost null impact on perivascular adipose abnormality or vascular dysfunction in lipodystrophic Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Adipose transplantation (AT) reverses multiply metabolic derangements in lipodystrophy, but whether it could improve lipodystrophy-related cardiovascular consequences is unknown. Here, using Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice as a lipodystrophy disease model, we showed that AT partially restored adipose functionality, which translated into significantly reduced atherosclerosis. However, AT was incapable of reversing perivascular adipose abnormality or vascular dysfunction. The current study provides preliminary experimental evidence on the therapeutic potential of AT on lipodystrophy-related metabolic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Meng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chuangxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengke Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongqiang Tao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xijia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiawei Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Yang G, Li C, Wang S, Liang X, Yang B, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chang X, Meng X. Molecular characterization of the grass carp bscl2 gene and its expression response to lipid accumulation, nutritional status, insulin and glucagon. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 270:110931. [PMID: 38070669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Bscl2 plays a role in lipid metabolism of mammals, however its role in teleost fish remains unclear. Using the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a model, the bscl2 gene was isolated from the brain and characterized. Thereafter, the tissue distribution of the gene was examined, before expression was analyzed as a function of fasting, refeeding, oral glucose administration and overfeeding. In addition, bscl2 mRNA levels were evaluated in grass carp primary hepatocytes treated with glucagon, insulin, oleic acid, and glucose. Results showed that the cloned bscl2 gene was 1341 bp, encoding 446 amino acids, and was highly expressed in the brain, heart, and gonad. Following oral glucose administration, bscl2 expression increased. Expression of bscl2 decreased in fasted fish but increased following refeeding. Overfeeding, which resulted in elevated lipid accumulation, also stimulated bscl2 expression. In primary hepatocytes, bscl2 levels were increased by glucose, oleic acid, and insulin treatments, and reduced by glucagon treatment. These data suggest that bscl2 may play an important role in nutrient metabolism in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guokun Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Chengquan Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Sunan Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Liang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Boya Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xindang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xulu Chang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Meng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
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Song H, Zhang X, Wang J, Wu Y, Xiong T, Shen J, Lin R, Xiao T, Lin W. The regulatory role of adipocyte mitochondrial homeostasis in metabolism-related diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1261204. [PMID: 37920803 PMCID: PMC10619862 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1261204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the most important energy storage organ in the body, maintaining its normal energy metabolism function and playing a vital role in keeping the energy balance of the body to avoid the harm caused by obesity and a series of related diseases resulting from abnormal energy metabolism. The dysfunction of adipose tissue is closely related to the occurrence of diseases related to obesity metabolism. Among various organelles, mitochondria are the main site of energy metabolism, and mitochondria maintain their quality through autophagy, biogenesis, transfer, and dynamics, which play an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of adipocytes. On the other hand, mitochondria have mitochondrial genomes which are vulnerable to damage due to the lack of protective structures and their proximity to sites of reactive oxygen species generation, thus affecting mitochondrial function. Notably, mitochondria are closely related to other organelles in adipocytes, such as lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum, which enhances the function of mitochondria and other organelles and regulates energy metabolism processes, thus reducing the occurrence of obesity-related diseases. This article introduces the structure and quality control of mitochondria in adipocytes and their interactions with other organelles in adipocytes, aiming to provide a new perspective on the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases, and to provide theoretical reference for further revealing the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Song
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Taimin Xiong
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jieqiong Shen
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruiyi Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tianfang Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Bharanidharan R, Thirugnanasambantham K, Kim J, Xaysana P, Viengsakoun N, Ibidhi R, Oh J, Kim NY, Beak SH, Smith SB, Kim KH. Supplementation with rumen-inert fat in the growing phase altered adipogenic gene expression and the size and number of adipocytes in Hanwoo steers. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad315. [PMID: 37768168 PMCID: PMC10583981 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the provision of rumen-inert fat (RIF) to growing cattle (9 to 13 mo of age) would affect the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and thereby affect the size and number of adipocytes of steers slaughtered at 30 mo of age. Thirty steers with an average initial body weight (BW) of 239 ± 25 kg were allocated to six pens, balanced for BW and genetic merit for marbling, and assigned to one of two treatment groups: control (only basal diet) or test diet (basal diet with 200 g of RIF per day, on an as-fed basis) for 5 mo. Biopsy samples of longissimus lumborum (LM) muscle were then collected for analysis of fatty acid composition and gene expression. Both groups were then fed the same basal diets during the early and late fattening phases, without RIF, until slaughter (average shrunk BW = 759 kg). Supplementation with RIF increased the longissimus thoracis (LT) intramuscular fatty acid concentration at slaughter (P = 0.087) and numerically increased the quality grade score (P = 0.106). The LM intramuscular relative mRNA expression of genes such as PPARα, ZFP423 and SREBP1, FASN, SCD, FABP4, GPAT1, and DGAT2 were downregulated (P < 0.1) following RIF supplementation. Supplementation of RIF decreased (P < 0.1) diameter and concomitantly increased intramuscular adipocytes per viewing section at slaughter. This likely was caused by promotion of triacylglycerol hydrolysis during the growing phase. Another possible explanation is that the relative mRNA expression of gene ATGL was upregulated by RIF supplementation during the growing (P < 0.1) and the fattening phases (P < 0.05), while the genes associated with fatty acid uptake (FABP4) and esterification (DGAT2) were downregulated during the growing phase and upregulated (P < 0.1) during the fattening phase. This implies that the lipid turnover rate was higher for steers during the growing than fattening phase. This study demonstrated that RIF supplementation during the growing phase induced a carryover effect on the lipogenic transcriptional regulation involved in adipocyte lipid content of intramuscular adipose tissue; increased triacylglycerol hydrolysis during the growing phase subsequently was followed by increased lipid accumulation during the fattening phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaraman Bharanidharan
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Puducherry 605004, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Jayeon Kim
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Panyavong Xaysana
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Napasirth Viengsakoun
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane Capital, 856, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Ridha Ibidhi
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Joonpyo Oh
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Kim
- Asia Pacific Ruminant Institute, Icheon 17385, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Beak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kyoung Hoon Kim
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
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Sommer N, Roumane A, Han W, Delibegović M, Rochford JJ, Mcilroy GD. Gene therapy restores adipose tissue and metabolic health in a pre-clinical mouse model of lipodystrophy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 27:206-216. [PMID: 36320417 PMCID: PMC9589143 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2 is a serious multisystem disorder with limited treatment options. It is caused by mutations affecting the BSCL2 gene, which encodes the protein seipin. Patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2 lack both metabolic and mechanical adipose tissue and develop severe metabolic complications including hepatic steatosis, lipoatrophic diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Gene therapies are becoming viable treatments, helping to alleviate inherited and acquired human disorders. We aimed to determine whether gene therapy could offer an effective form of medical intervention for lipodystrophy. We examined whether systemic adeno-associated virus delivery of human BSCL2 could reverse metabolic disease in seipin knockout mice, where white adipose tissue is absent. We reveal that adeno-associated virus gene therapy targets adipose progenitor cells in vivo and substantially restores white adipose tissue development in adult seipin knockout mice. This resulted in both rapid and prolonged beneficial effects to metabolic health in this pre-clinical mouse model of congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2. Hyperglycemia was normalized within 2 weeks post-treatment together with normalization of severe insulin resistance. We propose that gene therapy offers great potential as a therapeutic strategy to correct multiple metabolic complications in patients with congenital lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Sommer
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ahlima Roumane
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 138667 Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Neuro-Metabolism and Regeneration Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510700, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mirela Delibegović
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Justin J. Rochford
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - George D. Mcilroy
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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Cao Z, Fung CW, Mak HY. A Flexible Network of Lipid Droplet Associated Proteins Support Embryonic Integrity of C. elegans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:856474. [PMID: 35445028 PMCID: PMC9015696 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.856474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to coordinating the storage and mobilization of neutral fat, lipid droplets (LDs) are conserved organelles that can accommodate additional cargos in order to support animal development. However, it is unclear if each type of cargo is matched with a specific subset of LDs. Here, we report that SEIP-1/seipin defines a subset of oocyte LDs that are required for proper eggshell formation in C. elegans. Using a photoconvertible fluorescent protein-based imaging assay, we found that SEIP-1 positive LDs were selectively depleted after fertilization, coincident of the formation of a lipid-rich permeability barrier of the eggshell. Loss of SEIP-1 function caused impenetrant embryonic arrest, which could be worsened by FAT-3/fatty acyl-CoA desaturase deficiency or suppressed by PLIN-1/Perilipin deficiency. The embryonic development of seip-1; plin-1 mutant in turn depended on the recruitment of RAB-18/Rab18 to LDs, which was not observed in wild type embryos. We propose that SEIP-1 dependent and independent mechanisms act in parallel to ensure the packaging and export of lipid-rich permeability barrier constituents, which involve LDs. The identity of these LDs, as defined by their associated proteins, exhibits unexpected plasticity that ultimately ensures the survival of embryos ex utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Wing Fung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yi Mak
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
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9
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Rochford JJ. When Adipose Tissue Lets You Down: Understanding the Functions of Genes Disrupted in Lipodystrophy. Diabetes 2022; 71:589-598. [PMID: 35316838 DOI: 10.2337/dbi21-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are conditions in which the adipose tissue mass of an individual is altered inappropriately. The change in adipose mass can range from a relatively modest and subtle redistribution in some individuals with partial lipodystrophy to a near-complete absence of adipose tissue in the most severe forms of generalized lipodystrophy. The common feature is a disconnection between the need of the individual for a safe, healthy lipid storage capacity and the available adipose mass to perform this critical role. The inability to partition lipids for storage in appropriately functioning adipocytes leads to lipid accumulation in other tissues, which typically results in conditions such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, and cardiovascular disease. Several genes have been identified whose disruption leads to inherited forms of lipodystrophy. There is a link between some of these genes and adipose dysfunction, so the molecular basis of disease pathophysiology appears clear. However, for other lipodystrophy genes, it is not evident why their disruption should affect adipose development or function or, in the case of partial lipodystrophy, why only some adipose depots should be affected. Elucidating the molecular functions of these genes and their cellular and physiological effects has the capacity to uncover fundamental new insights regarding the development and functions of adipose tissue. This information is also likely to inform better management of lipodystrophy and improved treatments for patients. In addition, the findings will often be relevant to other conditions featuring adipose tissue dysfunction, including the more common metabolic disease associated with obesity.
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10
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Magré J, Prieur X. Seipin Deficiency as a Model of Severe Adipocyte Dysfunction: Lessons from Rodent Models and Teaching for Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:740. [PMID: 35054926 PMCID: PMC8775404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide, leading to cardiometabolic morbidities. Adipocyte dysfunction, impairing white adipose tissue (WAT) expandability and metabolic flexibility, is central in the development of obesity-related metabolic complications. Rare syndromes of lipodystrophy characterized by an extreme paucity of functional adipose tissue should be considered as primary adipocyte dysfunction diseases. Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is the most severe form with a near absence of WAT associated with cardiometabolic complications such as insulin resistance, liver steatosis, dyslipidemia, and cardiomyopathy. Twenty years ago, mutations in the BSCL2 gene have been identified as the cause of BSCL in human. BSCL2 encodes seipin, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) anchored protein whose function was unknown back then. Studies of seipin knockout mice or rats demonstrated how seipin deficiency leads to severe lipodystrophy and to cardiometabolic complications. At the cellular levels, seipin is organized in multimers that are particularly enriched at ER/lipid droplet and ER/mitochondria contact sites. Seipin deficiency impairs both adipocyte differentiation and mature adipocyte maintenance. Experiments using adipose tissue transplantation in seipin knockout mice and tissue-specific deletion of seipin have provided a large body of evidence that liver steatosis, cardiomyopathy, and renal injury, classical diabetic complications, are all consequences of lipodystrophy. Rare adipocyte dysfunctions such as in BSCL are the key paradigm to unravel the pathways that control adipocyte homeostasis. The knowledge gathered through the study of these pathologies may bring new strategies to maintain and improve adipose tissue expandability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Prieur
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, L’institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France;
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11
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Seipin localizes at endoplasmic-reticulum-mitochondria contact sites to control mitochondrial calcium import and metabolism in adipocytes. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110213. [PMID: 35021082 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein seipin results in generalized lipodystrophy by incompletely understood mechanisms. Here, we report mitochondrial abnormalities in seipin-deficient patient cells. A subset of seipin is enriched at ER-mitochondria contact sites (MAMs) in human and mouse cells and localizes in the vicinity of calcium regulators SERCA2, IP3R, and VDAC. Seipin association with MAM calcium regulators is stimulated by fasting-like stimuli, while seipin association with lipid droplets is promoted by lipid loading. Acute seipin removal does not alter ER calcium stores but leads to defective mitochondrial calcium import accompanied by a widespread reduction in Krebs cycle metabolites and ATP levels. In mice, inducible seipin deletion leads to mitochondrial dysfunctions preceding the development of metabolic complications. Together, these data suggest that seipin controls mitochondrial energy metabolism by regulating mitochondrial calcium influx at MAMs. In seipin-deficient adipose tissue, reduced ATP production compromises adipocyte properties, contributing to lipodystrophy pathogenesis.
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12
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Le Lay S, Magré J, Prieur X. Not Enough Fat: Mouse Models of Inherited Lipodystrophy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:785819. [PMID: 35250856 PMCID: PMC8895270 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.785819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies belong to the heterogenous group of syndromes in which the primary defect is a generalized or partial absence of adipose tissue, which may be congenital or acquired in origin. Lipodystrophy should be considered in patients manifesting the combination of insulin resistance (with or without overt diabetes), dyslipidemia and fatty liver. Lipodystrophies are classified according to the etiology of the disease (genetic or acquired) and to the anatomical distribution of adipose tissue (generalized or partial). The mechanism of adipose tissue loss is specific to each syndrome, depending on the biological function of the mutated gene. Mice models, together with cellular studies have permitted clarification of the mechanisms by which human mutations deeply compromise adipocyte homeostasis. In addition, rodent models have proven to be crucial in deciphering the cardiometabolic consequences of the lack of adipose tissue such as NAFLD, muscle insulin resistance and cardiomyopathy. More precisely, tissue-specific transgenic and knockout mice have brought new tools to distinguish phenotypic traits that are the consequences of lipodystrophy from those that are cell-autonomous. In this review, we discuss the mice models of lipodystrophy including those of inherited human syndromes of generalized and partial lipodystrophy. We present how these models have demonstrated the central role of white adipose tissue in energetic homeostasis in general, including insulin sensitivity and lipid handling in particular. We underscore the differences reported with the human phenotype and discuss the limit of rodent models in recapitulating adipose tissue primary default. Finally, we present how these mice models have highlighted the function of the causative-genes and brought new insights into the pathophysiology of the cardiometabolic complications associated with lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soazig Le Lay
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- Univ Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Jocelyne Magré
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Prieur
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Xavier Prieur,
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13
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Bharanidharan R, Thirugnanasambantham K, Ibidhi R, Bang G, Jang SS, Baek YC, Kim KH, Moon YH. Effects of Dietary Protein Concentration on Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression and Fatty Acid Composition in 18-23-Month-Old Hanwoo Steers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123378. [PMID: 34944155 PMCID: PMC8697893 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the influence of dietary protein level on growth performance, fatty acid composition, and the expression of lipid metabolic genes in intramuscular adipose tissues from 18- to 23-month-old Hanwoo steers, representing the switching point of the lean-to-fat ratio. Forty steers with an initial live weight of 486 ± 37 kg were assigned to one of two treatment groups fed either a concentrate diet with 14.5% CP and or with 17% CP for 6 months. Biopsy samples of intramuscular tissue were collected to analyze the fatty acid composition and gene expression at 23 months of age. Throughout the entire experimental period, all steers were restrained twice daily to allow individual feeding. Growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass traits, according to ultrasonic measurements, were not affected by the experimental diets. The high-protein diet significantly increased the expression of intramuscular PPARα (p < 0.1) and LPL (p < 0.05) but did not affect genes involved in fatty acid uptake (CD36 and FABP4) nor lipogenesis (ACACA, FASN, and SCD). In addition, it downregulated intramuscular VLCAD (p < 0.01) related to lipogenesis but also GPAT1 (p = 0.001), DGAT2 (p = 0.016), and SNAP23 (p = 0.057), which are involved in fatty acid esterification and adipocyte size. Hanwoo steers fed a high-protein diet at 18-23 months of age resulted in a relatively lower lipid turnover rate than steers fed a low-protein diet, which could be responsible for shortening the feeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaraman Bharanidharan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham
- Department of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; (K.T.); (R.I.); (K.H.K.)
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Kottakuppam 605104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ridha Ibidhi
- Department of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; (K.T.); (R.I.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Geumhwi Bang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Sun Sik Jang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang 25342, Korea;
| | - Youl Chang Baek
- Division of Animal Nutritional and Physiology, National Institute of Animal Sciences, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Kyoung Hoon Kim
- Department of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; (K.T.); (R.I.); (K.H.K.)
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Yea Hwang Moon
- Division of Animal Bioscience and Integrated Biotechnology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-3265
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14
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Angelidi AM, Filippaios A, Mantzoros CS. Severe insulin resistance syndromes. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142245. [PMID: 33586681 DOI: 10.1172/jci142245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe insulin resistance syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by profound insulin resistance, substantial metabolic abnormalities, and a variety of clinical manifestations and complications. The etiology of these syndromes may be hereditary or acquired, due to defects in insulin potency and action, cellular responsiveness to insulin, and/or aberrations in adipose tissue function or development. Over the past decades, advances in medical technology, particularly in genomic technologies and genetic analyses, have provided insights into the underlying pathophysiological pathways and facilitated the more precise identification of several of these conditions. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance have not yet been fully elucidated for all syndromes. Moreover, in clinical practice, many of the syndromes are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. The majority of these disorders associate with an increased risk of severe complications and mortality; thus, early identification and personalized clinical management are of the essence. This Review aims to categorize severe insulin resistance syndromes by disease process, including insulin receptor defects, signaling defects, and lipodystrophies. We also highlight several complex syndromes and emphasize the need to identify patients, investigate underlying disease mechanisms, and develop specific treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki M Angelidi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas Filippaios
- Department of Medicine, Lowell General Hospital, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Wang M, Xing J, Liu M, Gao M, Liu Y, Li X, Hu L, Zhao X, Liao J, Liu G, Dong J. Deletion of Seipin Attenuates Vascular Function and the Anticontractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:706924. [PMID: 34409079 PMCID: PMC8365033 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.706924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seipin locates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulates adipogenesis and lipid droplet formation. Deletion of Seipin has been well-demonstrated to cause severe general lipodystrophy, however, its role in maintaining perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and vascular homeostasis has not been directly assessed. In the present study, we investigated the role of Seipin in mediating the anticontractile effect of PVAT and vascular function. Seipin expression in PVAT and associated vessels were detected by qPCR and western-blot. Seipin is highly expressed in PVAT, but hardly in vessels. Structural and functional alterations of PVAT and associated vessels were compared between Seipin−/− mice and WT mice. In Seipin−/− mice, aortic and mesenteric PVAT were significantly reduced in mass and adipose-derived relaxing factors (ADRFs) secretion, but increased in macrophage infiltration and ER stress, as compared with those in WT mice. Aortic and mesenteric artery rings from WT and Seipin−/− mice were mounted on a wire myograph. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation were studied in vessels with and without PVAT. WT PVAT augmented relaxation but not Seipin−/− PVAT, which suggest impaired anticontractile function in PVAT of Seipin−/− mice. Thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery from Seipin−/− mice had impaired contractility in response to phenylephrine (PHE) and relaxation to acetylcholine (Ach). In conclusion, Seipin deficiency caused abnormalities in PVAT morphology and vascular functions. Our data demonstrated for the first time that Seipin plays a critical role in maintaining PVAT function and vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junhui Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengduan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingming Gao
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - George Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Rao MJ, Goodman JM. Seipin: harvesting fat and keeping adipocytes healthy. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:912-923. [PMID: 34215489 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Seipin is a key protein in the assembly of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (cLDs) and their maintenance at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-LD junctions; the absence of seipin results in generalized lipodystrophy. How seipin mediates LD dynamics and prevents lipodystrophy are not well understood. New evidence suggests that seipin attracts triglyceride monomers from the ER to sites of droplet formation. By contrast, seipin may not be directly involved in the assembly of nuclear LDs and may actually suppress their formation at a distance. Seipin promotes adipogenesis, but lipodystrophy may also involve postadipogenic effects. We hypothesize that among these are a cycle of runaway lipolysis and lipotoxicity caused by aberrant LDs, resulting in a depletion of fat stores and a failure of adipose and other cells to thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monala Jayaprakash Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA
| | - Joel M Goodman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA.
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17
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Celia's Encephalopathy ( BSCL2-Gene-Related): Current Understanding. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071435. [PMID: 33916074 PMCID: PMC8037292 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Seipin, encoded by the BSCL2 gene, is a protein that in humans is expressed mainly in the central nervous system. Uniquely, certain variants in BSCL2 can cause both generalized congenital lipodystrophy type 2, upper and/or lower motor neuron diseases, or progressive encephalopathy, with a poor prognosis during childhood. The latter, Celia's encephalopathy, which may or may not be associated with generalized lipodystrophy, is caused by the c.985C >T variant. This cytosine to thymine transition creates a cryptic splicing zone that leads to intronization of exon 7, resulting in an aberrant form of seipin, Celia seipin. It has been proposed that the accumulation of this protein, both in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the nucleus of neurons, might be the pathogenetic mechanism of this neurodegenerative condition. In recent years, other variants in BSCL2 associated with generalized lipodystrophy and progressive epileptic encephalopathy have been reported. Interestingly, most of these variants could also lead to the loss of exon 7. In this review, we analyzed the molecular bases of Celia's encephalopathy and its pathogenic mechanisms, the clinical features of the different variants, and a therapeutic approach in order to slow down the progression of this fatal neurological disorder.
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18
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Wu X, Liu X, Wang H, Zhou Z, Yang C, Li Z, Zhang Y, Shi X, Zhang L, Wang Y, Xian X, Liu G, Huang W. Seipin Deficiency Accelerates Heart Failure Due to Calcium Handling Abnormalities and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:644128. [PMID: 33778025 PMCID: PMC7990891 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.644128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seipin deficiency can induce hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure, which often leads to death in humans. To explore the effects and the possible mechanisms of Seipin deficiency in myocardial remodeling, Seipin knockout (SKO) mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 12 weeks. We found a more severe left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic heart failure and increases in inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition, and apoptotic bodies in the SKO group compared to those in the wild type (WT) group after TAC. Electron microscopy also showed a more extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum expansion, deformation of microtubules, and formation of mitochondrial lesions in the cardiomyocytes of SKO mice than in those of WT mice after TAC. Compared with the WT group, the SKO group showed increases in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-, inflammation-, and fibrosis-related gene expression, while calcium ion-related factors, such as Serca2a and Ryr, were decreased in the SKO group after TAC. Increased levels of the ER stress-related protein GRP78 and decreased SERCA2a and P-RYR protein levels were detected in the SKO group compared with the WT group after TAC. Slowing of transient Ca2+ current decay and an increased SR Ca2+ content in myocytes were detected in the cardiomyocytes of SKO mice. Adipose tissue transplantation could not rescue the cardiac hypertrophy after TAC in SKO mice. In conclusion, we found that Seipin deficiency could promote cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic heart failure after TAC in mice. These changes may be related to the impairment of myocardial calcium handling, ER stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhi Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoLu Shi
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xunde Xian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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19
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Araújo de Melo Campos JT, Dantas de Medeiros JL, Cardoso de Melo ME, Alvares da Silva M, Oliveira de Sena M, Sales Craveiro Sarmento A, Fassarella Agnez Lima L, de Freitas Fregonezi GA, Gomes Lima J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and muscle dysfunction in congenital lipodystrophies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166120. [PMID: 33713793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are a group of rare diseases related to the pathological impairment of adipose tissue and metabolic comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance, hypoleptinemia, and hypoadiponectinemia. They can be categorized as partial or generalized according to the degree of fat loss, and inherited or acquired disorders, if they are associated with genetic mutations or are related to autoimmunity, respectively. Some types of lipodystrophies have been associated with changes in both redox and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis as well as muscle dysfunction (MD). Although ER stress (ERS) has been related to muscle dysfunction (MD) in many diseases, there is no data concerning its role in lipodystrophies' muscle physiopathology. Here we focused on congenital lipodystrophies associated with ERS and MD. We also described recent advances in our understanding of the relationships among ERS, MD, and genetic lipodystrophies, highlighting the adiponectin-protective roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julliane Tamara Araújo de Melo Campos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Luiz Dantas de Medeiros
- PneumoCardioVascular Lab/HUOL, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eduarda Cardoso de Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Monique Alvares da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Matheus Oliveira de Sena
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aquiles Sales Craveiro Sarmento
- Unidade de Laboratório de Análises Clínicas e Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário de Lagarto (HUL)/UFS, Lagarto, SE, Brazil
| | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Augusto de Freitas Fregonezi
- PneumoCardioVascular Lab/HUOL, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Josivan Gomes Lima
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL)/UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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20
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Bscl2 Deficiency Does Not Directly Impair the Innate Immune Response in a Murine Model of Generalized Lipodystrophy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030441. [PMID: 33498782 PMCID: PMC7865406 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy type 2 (CGL2) is the most severe form of lipodystrophy and is caused by mutations in the BSCL2 gene. Affected patients exhibit a near complete lack of adipose tissue and suffer severe metabolic disease. A recent study identified infection as a major cause of death in CGL2 patients, leading us to examine whether Bscl2 loss could directly affect the innate immune response. We generated a novel mouse model selectively lacking Bscl2 in the myeloid lineage (LysM-B2KO) and also examined the function of bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) isolated from global Bscl2 knockout (SKO) mice. LysM-B2KO mice failed to develop lipodystrophy and metabolic disease, providing a model to study the direct role of Bscl2 in myeloid lineage cells. Lipopolysaccharide-mediated stimulation of inflammatory cytokines was not impaired in LysM-B2KO mice or in BMDM isolated from either LysM-B2KO or SKO mice. Additionally, intracellular fate and clearance of bacteria in SKO BMDM challenged with Staphylococcus aureus was indistinguishable from that in BMDM isolated from littermate controls. Overall, our findings reveal that selective Bscl2 deficiency in macrophages does not critically impact the innate immune response to infection. Instead, an increased susceptibility to infection in CGL2 patients is likely to result from severe metabolic disease.
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Prasanna X, Salo VT, Li S, Ven K, Vihinen H, Jokitalo E, Vattulainen I, Ikonen E. Seipin traps triacylglycerols to facilitate their nanoscale clustering in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3000998. [PMID: 33481779 PMCID: PMC7857593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seipin is a disk-like oligomeric endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein important for lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis and triacylglycerol (TAG) delivery to growing LDs. Here we show through biomolecular simulations bridged to experiments that seipin can trap TAGs in the ER bilayer via the luminal hydrophobic helices of the protomers delineating the inner opening of the seipin disk. This promotes the nanoscale sequestration of TAGs at a concentration that by itself is insufficient to induce TAG clustering in a lipid membrane. We identify Ser166 in the α3 helix as a favored TAG occupancy site and show that mutating it compromises the ability of seipin complexes to sequester TAG in silico and to promote TAG transfer to LDs in cells. While the S166D-seipin mutant colocalizes poorly with promethin, the association of nascent wild-type seipin complexes with promethin is promoted by TAGs. Together, these results suggest that seipin traps TAGs via its luminal hydrophobic helices, serving as a catalyst for seeding the TAG cluster from dissolved monomers inside the seipin ring, thereby generating a favorable promethin binding interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Prasanna
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veijo T. Salo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shiqian Li
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katharina Ven
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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New friends for seipin — Implications of seipin partner proteins in the life cycle of lipid droplets. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 108:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Cao Z, Wang X, Huang X, Mak HY. Are endoplasmic reticulum subdomains shaped by asymmetric distribution of phospholipids? Evidence from a C. elegans model system. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000199. [PMID: 33169432 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Physical contact between organelles are widespread, in part to facilitate the shuttling of protein and lipid cargoes for cellular homeostasis. How do protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions shape organelle subdomains that constitute contact sites? The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms extensive contacts with multiple organelles, including lipid droplets (LDs) that are central to cellular fat storage and mobilization. Here, we focus on ER-LD contacts that are highlighted by the conserved protein seipin, which promotes LD biogenesis and expansion. Seipin is enriched in ER tubules that form cage-like structures around a subset of LDs. Such enrichment is strongly dependent on polyunsaturated and cyclopropane fatty acids. Based on these findings, we speculate on molecular events that lead to the formation of seipin-positive peri-LD cages in which protein movement is restricted. We hypothesize that asymmetric distribution of specific phospholipids distinguishes cage membrane tubules from the bulk ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuhui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yi Mak
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jin Y, Tan Y, Zhao P, Ren Z. SEIPIN: A Key Factor for Nuclear Lipid Droplet Generation and Lipid Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218208. [PMID: 33147895 PMCID: PMC7663086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is essential for normal cell physiology. Generally, lipids are stored in a lipid droplet (LD), a ubiquitous organelle consisting of a neutral lipid core and a single layer of phospholipid membrane. It is thought that LDs are generated from the endoplasmic reticulum and then released into the cytosol. Recent studies indicate that LDs can exist in the nucleus, where they play an important role in the maintenance of cell phospholipid homeostasis. However, the details of nuclear lipid droplet (nLD) generation have not yet been clearly characterized. SEIPIN is a nonenzymatic protein encoded by the Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2) gene. It is associated with lipodystrophy diseases. Many recent studies have indicated that SEIPIN is essential for LDs generation. Here, we review much of this research in an attempt to explain the role of SEIPIN in nLD generation. From an integrative perspective, we conclude by proposing a theoretical model to explain how SEIPIN might participate in maintaining homeostasis of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (P.Z.)
- Bio-Medical Center of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (P.Z.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Pengxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (P.Z.)
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (P.Z.)
- Bio-Medical Center of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Correspondence:
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25
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Bai X, Huang LJ, Chen SW, Nebenfuehr B, Wysolmerski B, Wu JC, Olson SK, Golden A, Wang CW. Loss of the seipin gene perturbs eggshell formation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development 2020; 147:dev.192997. [PMID: 32820022 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Seipin, an evolutionary conserved protein, plays pivotal roles during lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis and is associated with various human diseases with unclear mechanisms. Here, we analyzed Caenorhabditis elegans mutants deleted of the sole SEIPIN gene, seip-1 Homozygous seip-1 mutants displayed penetrant embryonic lethality, which is caused by the disruption of the lipid-rich permeability barrier, the innermost layer of the C. elegans embryonic eggshell. In C. elegans oocytes and embryos, SEIP-1 is associated with LDs and is crucial for controlling LD size and lipid homeostasis. The seip-1 deletion mutants reduced the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in their embryonic fatty acid pool. Interestingly, dietary supplementation of selected n-6 PUFAs rescued the embryonic lethality and defective permeability barrier. Accordingly, we propose that SEIP-1 may maternally regulate LD biogenesis and lipid homeostasis to orchestrate the formation of the permeability barrier for eggshell synthesis during embryogenesis. A lipodystrophy allele of seip-1 resulted in embryonic lethality as well and could be rescued by PUFA supplementation. These experiments support a great potential for using C. elegans to model SEIPIN-associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Bai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leng-Jie Huang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Benjamin Nebenfuehr
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian Wysolmerski
- Department of Biology and Program in Molecular Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Jui-Ching Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Sara K Olson
- Department of Biology and Program in Molecular Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Andy Golden
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chao-Wen Wang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Salo VT, Hölttä-Vuori M, Ikonen E. Seipin-Mediated Contacts as Gatekeepers of Lipid Flux at the Endoplasmic Reticulum–Lipid Droplet Nexus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2515256420945820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic cellular hubs of lipid metabolism. While LDs contact a plethora of organelles, they have the most intimate relationship with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Indeed, LDs are initially assembled at specialized ER subdomains, and recent work has unraveled an increasing array of proteins regulating ER-LD contacts. Among these, seipin, a highly conserved lipodystrophy protein critical for LD growth and adipogenesis, deserves special attention. Here, we review recent insights into the role of seipin in LD biogenesis and as a regulator of ER-LD contacts. These studies have also highlighted the evolving concept of ER and LDs as a functional continuum for lipid partitioning and pinpointed a role for seipin at the ER-LD nexus in controlling lipid flux between these compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veijo T. Salo
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Hölttä-Vuori
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
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Zhou H, Xu C, Lee H, Yoon Y, Chen W. Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2/SEIPIN determines brown adipose tissue maintenance and thermogenic programing. Mol Metab 2020; 36:100971. [PMID: 32246911 PMCID: PMC7136632 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Understanding the mechanisms that control brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and functionality is crucial for our understanding of how the disruption of energy homeostasis leads to obesity. Bernerdinali Seip Congenital Lipodystrophy (BSCL) type 2 (BSCL2, a.k.a. SEIPIN), a lipodystrophy-associated protein, has been shown to not be required for brown adipogenesis, but it has been shown to be essential for perinatal BAT development. However, its role in mature BAT maintenance and thermogenic programing remains poorly understood. Methods We subjected Bscl2f/f and Bscl2UCP1-BKO (BKO) mice with a brown adipose-specific loss of BSCL2 through UCP1 promoter-driven Cre to environmental, pharmacological and diet interventions to challenge BAT functionality and reprogramming. We carried out physiological, molecular and transcriptomic analyses of BAT. Results The deletion of BSCL2 in mature brown adipocytes increased sympathetic nervous system-independent cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in BAT. Such activation reduced BAT triglyceride content and mass and was sufficient to reduce plasma triglyceride, but not enough to combat thermoneutral and high fat diet-induced obesity. Surprisingly, BKO mice displayed an impaired response to acute and chronic cold challenges despite cAMP/PKA activation. When subjected to chronic cold exposure or the administration of a β3-adrenergic agonist, CL 316,243, BKO mice failed to induce BAT recruitment and underwent dramatic brown adipocyte loss. Transcriptomic analysis revealed pathological BAT remodeling with inflammation and fibrosis, which was further exacerbated by a chronic thermogenic challenge in BKO mice. Mechanistically, we found abnormal mitochondrial shapes and function in BAT of BKO mice housed at 21 °C; as well as mitochondrial DNA depletion and necroptotic-mediated brown adipocyte death after chronic thermogenic insult. Conclusion BSCL2-mediated lipid catabolism within BAT is crucial for mature brown adipocyte function and survival both during times of activation and quiescence. BSCL2 is an important regulator of mature brown adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism, necroptosis and thus adaptive thermogenesis. Mature BAT-specific loss of BSCL2 (Bscl2UCP1-BKO) activates SNS-independent cAMP/PKA signaling. Bscl2UCP1-BKO increases BAT mitochondrial fission and uncoupling. Bscl2UCP1-BKO reduces plasma triglyceride but not adiposity under thermoneutrality or high fat diet. Bscl2UCP1-BKO blunts BAT reprograming and causes cold intolerance. BSCL2 deletion exposes brown adipocyte to necroptosis under chronic thermogenic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hakjoo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yisang Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Sim MFM, Persiani E, Talukder MMU, Mcilroy GD, Roumane A, Edwardson JM, Rochford JJ. Oligomers of the lipodystrophy protein seipin may co-ordinate GPAT3 and AGPAT2 enzymes to facilitate adipocyte differentiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3259. [PMID: 32094408 PMCID: PMC7039881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seipin deficiency causes severe congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) and metabolic disease. However, how seipin regulates adipocyte development and function remains incompletely understood. We previously showed that seipin acts as a scaffold protein for AGPAT2, whose disruption also causes CGL. More recently, seipin has been reported to promote adipogenesis by directly inhibiting GPAT3, leading to the suggestion that GPAT inhibitors could offer novel treatments for CGL. Here we investigated the interactions between seipin, GPAT3 and AGPAT2. We reveal that seipin and GPAT3 associate via direct interaction and that seipin can simultaneously bind GPAT3 and AGPAT2. Inhibiting the expression of seipin, AGPAT2 or GPAT3 led to impaired induction of early markers of adipocyte differentiation in cultured cells. However, consistent with normal adipose mass in GPAT3-null mice, GPAT3 inhibition did not prevent the formation of mature adipocytes. Nonetheless, loss of GPAT3 in seipin-deficient preadipocytes exacerbated the failure of adipogenesis in these cells. Thus, our data indicate that GPAT3 plays a modest positive role in adipogenesis and argue against the potential of GPAT inhibitors to rescue white adipose tissue mass in CGL2. Overall, our study reveals novel mechanistic insights regarding the molecular pathogenesis of severe lipodystrophy caused by mutations in either seipin or AGPAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Michelle Sim
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elisa Persiani
- Rowett Institute and the Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - George D Mcilroy
- Rowett Institute and the Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ahlima Roumane
- Rowett Institute and the Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Justin J Rochford
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. .,Rowett Institute and the Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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29
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Mcilroy GD, Mitchell SE, Han W, Delibegović M, Rochford JJ. Ablation of Bscl2/seipin in hepatocytes does not cause metabolic dysfunction in congenital generalised lipodystrophy. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm.042655. [PMID: 31848133 PMCID: PMC6994952 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.042655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting the BSCL2 gene cause the most severe form of congenital generalised lipodystrophy (CGL). Affected individuals develop severe metabolic complications including diabetes and hepatic steatosis. Bscl2-deficient mice almost entirely reproduce the CGL phenotype. Adipose tissue-specific loss of Bscl2 is also sufficient to cause early-onset generalised lipodystrophy in mice. However, these mice do not show severe metabolic dysfunction, even when challenged with a high-fat diet. Germline Bscl2 loss in mice and BSCL2 disruption in humans causes severe hepatic steatosis, and the encoded protein, seipin, has acknowledged roles in lipid accumulation. Given the critical role of the liver in glucose regulation, we speculated that intact hepatic Bscl2 expression may protect adipose tissue-specific Bscl2-deficient mice from metabolic disease. To investigate this, we generated a novel mouse model in which Bscl2 has been deleted in both adipose tissue and hepatocytes simultaneously using an adeno-associated viral vector. Despite achieving efficient disruption of Bscl2 in the liver, hepatic lipid accumulation and metabolic homeostasis was unaffected in mice fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. We also investigated the consequences of BSCL2 ablation in the human hepatocyte HepG2 cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. No significant increases in lipid accumulation were observed in BSCL2 knockout cell lines. Overall, we reveal that Bscl2/BSCL2 does not appear to play a cell-autonomous role in the regulation of lipid accumulation in the liver. Loss of hepatic BSCL2 is therefore unlikely to contribute significantly to the development of hepatic steatosis or metabolic dysfunction in this form of CGL. Editor's choice: Hepatic Bscl2 ablation in adipose tissue-specific Bscl2 knockout mice does not cause metabolic dysfunction. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing reveals that seipin does not play a cell-autonomous role in regulating hepatocyte lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Mcilroy
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK .,Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sharon E Mitchell
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667
| | - Mirela Delibegović
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Justin J Rochford
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.,Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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Henne M, Goodman JM, Hariri H. Spatial compartmentalization of lipid droplet biogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158499. [PMID: 31352131 PMCID: PMC7050823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that store metabolic energy in the form of neutral lipids (typically triacylglycerols and steryl esters). Beyond being inert energy storage compartments, LDs are dynamic organelles that participate in numerous essential metabolic functions. Cells generate LDs de novo from distinct sub-regions at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but what determines sites of LD formation remains a key unanswered question. Here, we review the factors that determine LD formation at the ER, and discuss how they work together to spatially and temporally coordinate LD biogenesis. These factors include lipid synthesis enzymes, assembly proteins, and membrane structural requirements. LDs also make contact with other organelles, and these inter-organelle contacts contribute to defining sites of LD production. Finally, we highlight emerging non-canonical roles for LDs in maintaining cellular homeostasis during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Henne
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Joel M Goodman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Hanaa Hariri
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America.
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Abstract
Obesity is characterized by increased adipose tissue mass and has been associated with a strong predisposition towards metabolic diseases and cancer. Thus, it constitutes a public health issue of major proportion. The expansion of adipose depots can be driven either by the increase in adipocyte size (hypertrophy) or by the formation of new adipocytes from precursor differentiation in the process of adipogenesis (hyperplasia). Notably, adipocyte expansion through adipogenesis can offset the negative metabolic effects of obesity, and the mechanisms and regulators of this adaptive process are now emerging. Over the past several years, we have learned a considerable amount about how adipocyte fate is determined and how adipogenesis is regulated by signalling and systemic factors. We have also gained appreciation that the adipogenic niche can influence tissue adipogenic capability. Approaches aimed at increasing adipogenesis over adipocyte hypertrophy can now be explored as a means to treat metabolic diseases.
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Fernández-Marmiesse A, Sánchez-Iglesias S, Darling A, O'Callaghan MM, Tonda R, Jou C, Araújo-Vilar D. A de novo heterozygous missense BSCL2 variant in 2 siblings with intractable developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Seizure 2019; 71:161-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Abstract
Lipodystrophies are the result of a range of inherited and acquired causes, but all are characterized by perturbations in white adipose tissue function and, in many instances, its mass or distribution. Though patients are often nonobese, they typically manifest a severe form of the metabolic syndrome, highlighting the importance of white fat in the "safe" storage of surplus energy. Understanding the molecular pathophysiology of congenital lipodystrophies has yielded useful insights into the biology of adipocytes and informed therapeutic strategies. More recently, genome-wide association studies focused on insulin resistance have linked common variants to genes implicated in adipose biology and suggested that subtle forms of lipodystrophy contribute to cardiometabolic disease risk at a population level. These observations underpin the use of aligned treatment strategies in insulin-resistant obese and lipodystrophic patients, the major goal being to alleviate the energetic burden on adipose tissue.
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The biogenesis of lipid droplets: Lipids take center stage. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 75:100989. [PMID: 31351098 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are multi-functional cellular organelles that store energy, and regulate many aspects of cell physiology. However, our understanding of the biogenesis of LDs remains very limited. Originating from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), LDs are highly unique organelles in that each LD is bounded by a monolayer of amphipathic lipids. Recent progress has unveiled critical roles of non-bilayer lipids in LD formation. For instance, non-bilayer lipids such as lysophospholipids, diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid (PA) can impact the curvature, surface and line tension of the ER, thereby impacting LD biogenesis. Two well-known regulators of LD formation, FIT2/FITM2 and seipin, have both been implicated in controlling the metabolism and/or distribution of non-bilayer lipids. We summarize and integrate these recent advances and propose that non-bilayer lipids may play a critical role in each step of LD biogenesis.
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Cao Z, Hao Y, Fung CW, Lee YY, Wang P, Li X, Xie K, Lam WJ, Qiu Y, Tang BZ, Shui G, Liu P, Qu J, Kang BH, Mak HY. Dietary fatty acids promote lipid droplet diversity through seipin enrichment in an ER subdomain. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2902. [PMID: 31263173 PMCID: PMC6602954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous metabolites from microbial and dietary origins have profound effects on host metabolism. Here, we report that a sub-population of lipid droplets (LDs), which are conserved organelles for fat storage, is defined by metabolite-modulated targeting of the C. elegans seipin ortholog, SEIP-1. Loss of SEIP-1 function reduces the size of a subset of LDs while over-expression of SEIP-1 has the opposite effect. Ultrastructural analysis reveals SEIP-1 enrichment in an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subdomain, which co-purifies with LDs. Analyses of C. elegans and bacterial genetic mutants indicate a requirement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and microbial cyclopropane fatty acids (CFAs) for SEIP-1 enrichment, as confirmed by dietary supplementation experiments. In mammalian cells, heterologously expressed SEIP-1 engages nascent lipid droplets and promotes their subsequent expansion in a conserved manner. Our results suggest that microbial and polyunsaturated fatty acids serve unexpected roles in regulating cellular fat storage by promoting LD diversity. Lipid droplets (LDs) are fat storage organelles that are initiated and expanded by seipins at ER contact sites. Here the authors show that the C. elegans seipin ortholog SEIP-1 is recruited to these sites by certain dietary fatty acids to support the expansion of a subset of LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Wing Fung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiu Yiu Lee
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kang Xie
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Jiun Lam
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yifei Qiu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianan Qu
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yi Mak
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Li Q, Li Y, Zhang Z, Kang H, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhou L. SEIPIN overexpression in the liver may alleviate hepatic steatosis by influencing the intracellular calcium level. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 488:70-78. [PMID: 30871963 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SEIPIN deficiency leads to a severe lipodystrophic phenotype with loss of fat tissue. Interestingly, SEIPIN knockout in non-adipocytes is reported to promote intracellular triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear at present. Here, we have shown that SEIPIN knockdown and overexpression exert opposite effects on hepatic lipometabolism. Our experimental data suggest that depletion of SEIPIN induces an increase in intracellular TG via activation of ER stress while its overexpression triggers a decrease in the intracellular TG content via increasing PGC-1α, which drives increased mitochondrial activity. Adeno-associated virus-mediated SEIPIN overexpression alleviated high fat diet-induced hepatosteatosis in mice. The collective results indicate that the effects of SEIPIN on TG and PGC-1α are dependent on calcium concentrations, signifying regulatory activity on hepatic lipometabolism through alterations in the intracellular calcium level, and support the potential utility of modulating intracellular SEIPIN and calcium levels as novel therapeutic strategies for fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, PR China; Department of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, PR China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, PR China
| | - Zhiwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, PR China
| | - Huifang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, PR China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, PR China.
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Craveiro Sarmento AS, Ferreira LC, Lima JG, de Azevedo Medeiros LB, Barbosa Cunha PT, Agnez-Lima LF, Galvão Ururahy MA, de Melo Campos JTA. The worldwide mutational landscape of Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:30-52. [PMID: 31416577 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is a rare disease characterized by the near total absence of body fat at birth. BSCL etiology involves genetic variations in four different genes: AGPAT2, BSCL2, CAV1, and CAVIN1. The four different biochemical subtypes of the disease are distinguished depending on which gene is mutated. The diagnosis of lipodystrophy can be based on clinical criteria, but the gold standard remains genetic testing. Since many different mutations have already been correlated with the onset of the disease, the most indicative method is DNA sequencing. However, not all laboratories have the resources to perform sequencing. Thus, less expensive techniques that include narrow gene regions may be applied. In such cases, the target mutations to be tested must be carefully determined taking into account the frequency of the description of the mutations in the literature, the nationality of the patient, as well as their phenotype. This review considers the molecular basis of BSCL, including the manual count of the majority of mutations reported in the literature up to the year 2018. Ninety different genetic mutations in 332 cases were reported at different frequencies. Some mutations were distributed homogeneously and others were specific to geographic regions. Type 2 BSCL was mentioned most often in the literature (50.3% of the cases), followed by Type 1 (38.0%), Type 4 (10.2%), and Type 3 (1.5%). The mutations comprised frameshifts (34.4%), nonsense (26.6%), and missense (21.1%). The c.517dupA in the BSCL2 gene was the most frequent (13.3%), followed by c.589-2A>G in the AGPAT2 gene (11.5%), c.507_511delGTATC in the BSCL2 gene (9.7%), c.317-588del in the AGPAT2 gene (7.3%), and c.202C>T in the AGPAT2 gene (4.5%). This information should prove valuable for analysts in making decisions regarding the best therapeutic targets in a population-specific context, which will benefit patients and enable faster and less expensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aquiles Sales Craveiro Sarmento
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Capistrano Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Josivan Gomes Lima
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lázaro Batista de Azevedo Medeiros
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Marcela Abbott Galvão Ururahy
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Julliane Tamara Araújo de Melo Campos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Castro IG, Eisenberg-Bord M, Persiani E, Rochford JJ, Schuldiner M, Bohnert M. Promethin Is a Conserved Seipin Partner Protein. Cells 2019; 8:E268. [PMID: 30901948 PMCID: PMC6468817 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seipin (BSCL2/SPG17) is a key factor in lipid droplet (LD) biology, and its dysfunction results in severe pathologies, including the fat storage disease Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2, as well as several neurological seipinopathies. Despite its importance for human health, the molecular role of seipin is still enigmatic. Seipin is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. In yeast, seipin was recently found to cooperate with the lipid droplet organization (LDO) proteins, Ldo16 and Ldo45, two structurally-related proteins involved in LD function and identity that display remote homology to the human protein promethin/TMEM159. In this study, we show that promethin is indeed an LD-associated protein that forms a complex with seipin, and its localization to the LD surface can be modulated by seipin expression levels. We thus identify promethin as a novel seipin partner protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês G Castro
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Michal Eisenberg-Bord
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Elisa Persiani
- Rowett Institute and Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Justin J Rochford
- Rowett Institute and Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Maria Bohnert
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany.
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Qin YY, Zhang X, Xiang LQ, Shan QW, Li SD, Yan J, Lin FQ. A New Compound Heterozygous Mutation Of BSCL2 In A Chinese Zhuang Ethnic Family With Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2583-2587. [PMID: 31824185 PMCID: PMC6901035 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s207293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to report the clinical features of an infant with CGL in a Chinese Zhuang ethnic family, whose family members were discovered to carry new pathogenic mutations in the BSCL2. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we report clinical and molecular investigations of CGL disease in a family of 4 members (parents and two sons). We used whole exome sequencing (WES) in the family to examine the genetic cause of the disease. RESULTS The proband presented with skin pigmentation, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes. WES identified a previously unreported compound heterozygous mutation in the BSCL2 (c.545_546insCCG heterozygous mutation and exon 3 heterozygous deletion) in the proband. His mother is a heterozygous carrier of the c.545_546insCCG mutation and his father and brother are carriers of the exon 3 heterozygous deletion. CONCLUSION Compound heterozygous mutation of the BSCL2 (new c.545_546insCCG heterozygous mutation and new exon 3 heterozygous deletion) was detected in the proband with characteristic clinical manifestations of CGL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-qun Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-wen Shan
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shou-dong Li
- Guangxi Anren Xin Bio Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fa-quan Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fa-quan Lin The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-771-5329287 Email
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Wang H, Xu PF, Li JY, Liu XJ, Wu XY, Xu F, Xie BC, Huang XM, Zhou ZH, Kayoumu A, Liu G, Huang W. Adipose tissue transplantation ameliorates lipodystrophy-associated metabolic disorders in seipin-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E54-E62. [PMID: 30457912 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00180.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Seipin deficiency is responsible for type 2 congenital generalized lipodystrophy with severe loss of adipose tissue and can lead to hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia in humans. Adipose tissue secretes many adipokines that are central to the regulation of metabolism. In this study, we investigated whether transplantation of normal adipose tissue could ameliorate severe hepatic steatosis, IR, and dyslipidemia in lipoatrophic seipin knockout (SKO) mice. Normal adipose tissue from wild-type mice was transplanted into 6-wk-old SKO mice. At 4 mo after adipose tissue transplantation (AT), the transplanted fat survived with detectable blood vessels, and the reduced levels of plasma leptin, a major adipokine, were dramatically increased. Severe hepatic steatosis, IR, and dyslipidemia in SKO mice were ameliorated after AT. In addition, abnormal hepatic lipogenesis and β-oxidation gene expression in SKO mice were improved after AT. Our results suggest that AT may be an effective treatment to improve lipodystrophy-associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
- Institute of Military Training Related Medical Science of PLA, 150th Central Hospital of PLA , Luoyang, Henan , China
| | - Jing-Yi Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Xue-Jing Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Xiao-Yue Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Fang Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Bei-Chen Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Xiao-Min Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Zi-Hao Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Abudurexiti Kayoumu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
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Female adipose tissue-specific Bscl2 knockout mice develop only moderate metabolic dysfunction when housed at thermoneutrality and fed a high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17863. [PMID: 30552349 PMCID: PMC6294754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting the BSCL2 gene cause the most severe form of congenital generalised lipodystrophy. Affected individuals almost completely lack adipose tissue and suffer from severe diabetes and metabolic complications. Likewise, mice lacking Bscl2 in all tissues have dramatically reduced adipose mass, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia. However, male adipose tissue-specific Bscl2 knockout mice fail to develop the metabolic dysfunction observed in Bscl2 null mice and BSCL2 deficient patients, despite a similar generalised lack of adipose tissues. Clinical reports indicate gender differences frequently exist in cases of lipodystrophy, with female patients more adversely affected than male patients. We therefore generated and characterised female mice lacking Bscl2 specifically in adipose tissue (Ad-B2(−/−)). We show that female Ad-B2(−/−) mice also develop early-onset lipodystrophy when fed a chow diet and are maintained under standard housing conditions (21 °C) or thermoneutrality (30 °C). Despite this, female Ad-B2(−/−) mice fail to develop severe metabolic dysfunction. Only when female Ad-B2(−/−) mice are maintained at thermoneutrality and fed a high-fat diet do subtle alterations to metabolic homeostasis manifest. This is despite a striking inability to expand adipose mass. Our findings provide further evidence that loss of Bscl2 in non-adipose tissues may contribute to the severity of metabolic dysfunction in this condition.
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Further delineation of AGPAT2 and BSCL2 related congenital generalized lipodystrophy in young infants. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:103542. [PMID: 30266686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with two major subtypes, which are caused by AGPAT2 and BSCL2 mutations. Our aim was to further investigate the genetic features and clinical characteristics of infant patients with CGL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three male infants and two female infants aged from one month to three months and unrelated with each other were involved in this study. Both whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were conducted, and variants were compared with in-house and public databases. RESULTS The five infants with CGL displayed generalized lipodystrophy, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, hepatomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, and liver dysfunction. Four patients (#2-5) showed more severe hypertriglyceridemia than Patient #1. A compound heterozygosity for novel frameshift mutations c.622_626delTCCTC and c.513delC in AGPAT2 was identified in Patient #1. Seven mutations in BSCL2 were found among Patients #2-5, in which splice site mutation c.404+1G > T, nonsense mutation c.402C > G, and frameshift mutation c.759_760delGA were novel. After medical treatment, metabolic parameters for all patients were under control. At the time of writing, they are seven to seventeen months old with much improved physical and cognitive development. CONCLUSIONS Two novel mutations in AGPAT2 and three novel mutations in BSCL2 were identified from five unrelated infant patients diagnosed with CGL1 and CGL2.
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Exploring Seipin: From Biochemistry to Bioinformatics Predictions. Int J Cell Biol 2018; 2018:5207608. [PMID: 30402103 PMCID: PMC6192094 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5207608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Seipin is a nonenzymatic protein encoded by the BSCL2 gene. It is involved in lipodystrophy and seipinopathy diseases. Named in 2001, all seipin functions are still far from being understood. Therefore, we reviewed much of the research, trying to find a pattern that could explain commonly observed features of seipin expression disorders. Likewise, this review shows how this protein seems to have tissue-specific functions. In an integrative view, we conclude by proposing a theoretical model to explain how seipin might be involved in the triacylglycerol synthesis pathway.
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Dropping in on lipid droplets: insights into cellular stress and cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180764. [PMID: 30111611 PMCID: PMC6146295 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) have increasingly become a major topic of research in recent years following its establishment as a highly dynamic organelle. Contrary to the initial view of LDs being passive cytoplasmic structures for lipid storage, studies have provided support on how they act in concert with different organelles to exert functions in various cellular processes. Although lipid dysregulation resulting from aberrant LD homeostasis has been well characterised, how this translates and contributes to cancer progression is poorly understood. This review summarises the different paradigms on how LDs function in the regulation of cellular stress as a contributing factor to cancer progression. Mechanisms employed by a broad range of cancer cell types in differentially utilising LDs for tumourigenesis will also be highlighted. Finally, we discuss the potential of targeting LDs in the context of cancer therapeutics.
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45
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Liu XJ, Wu XY, Wang H, Wang SX, Kong W, Zhang L, Liu G, Huang W. Renal injury in Seipin-deficient lipodystrophic mice and its reversal by adipose tissue transplantation or leptin administration alone: adipose tissue-kidney crosstalk. FASEB J 2018; 32:5550-5562. [PMID: 29738274 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701427r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Seipin deficiency is responsible for type 2 congenital generalized lipodystrophy with severe loss of adipose tissue (AT) and could lead to renal failure in humans. However, the effect of Seipin on renal function is poorly understood. Here we report that Seipin knockout (SKO) mice exhibited impaired renal function, enlarged glomerular and mesangial surface areas, renal depositions of lipid, and advanced glycation end products. Elevated glycosuria and increased electrolyte excretion were also detected. Relative renal gene expression in fatty acid oxidation and reabsorption pathways were impaired in SKO mice. Elevated glycosuria might be associated with reduced renal glucose transporter 2 levels. To improve renal function, AT transplantation or leptin administration alone was performed. Both treatments effectively ameliorated renal injury by improving all of the parameters that were measured in the kidney. The treatments also rescued insulin resistance and low plasma leptin levels in SKO mice. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that Seipin deficiency induces renal injury, which is closely related to glucolipotoxicity and impaired renal reabsorption in SKO mice, and is primarily caused by the loss of AT and especially the lack of leptin. AT transplantation and leptin administration are two effective treatments for renal injury in Seipin-deficient mice.-Liu, X.-J., Wu, X.-Y., Wang, H., Wang, S.-X., Kong, W., Zhang, L., Liu, G., Huang, W. Renal injury in Seipin-deficient lipodystrophic mice and its reversal by adipose tissue transplantation or leptin administration alone: adipose tissue-kidney crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jing Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Xia Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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46
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Association study between copy number variation and beef fatty acid profile of Nellore cattle. J Appl Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-018-0436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mcilroy GD, Suchacki K, Roelofs AJ, Yang W, Fu Y, Bai B, Wallace RJ, De Bari C, Cawthorn WP, Han W, Delibegović M, Rochford JJ. Adipose specific disruption of seipin causes early-onset generalised lipodystrophy and altered fuel utilisation without severe metabolic disease. Mol Metab 2018; 10:55-65. [PMID: 29459250 PMCID: PMC5985228 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mutations to the BSCL2 gene disrupt the protein seipin and cause the most severe form of congenital generalised lipodystrophy (CGL). Affected individuals exhibit a near complete loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) and suffer from metabolic disease. Seipin is critical for adipocyte development in culture and mice with germline disruption to Bscl2 recapitulate the effects of BSCL2 disruption in humans. Here we examined whether loss of Bscl2 specifically in developing adipocytes in vivo is sufficient to prevent adipose tissue development and cause all features observed with congenital BSCL2 disruption. Methods We generated and characterised a novel mouse model of Bscl2 deficiency in developing adipocytes (Ad-B2(−/−)) using the adipose-specific Adiponectin-Cre line. Results We demonstrate that Ad-B2(−/−) mice display early onset lipodystrophy, in common with congenital Bscl2 null mice and CGL2 patients. However, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and severe hepatic steatosis are not apparent. Food intake and energy expenditure are unchanged, but Ad-B2(−/−) mice exhibit significantly altered substrate utilisation. We also find differential effects of seipin loss between specific adipose depots revealing new insights regarding their varied characteristics. When fed a high-fat diet, Ad-B2(−/−) mice entirely fail to expand adipose mass but remain glucose tolerant. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that disruption of Bscl2 specifically in developing adipocytes is sufficient to cause the early-onset generalised lipodystrophy observed in patients with mutations in BSCL2. However, this significant reduction in adipose mass does not cause the overt metabolic dysfunction seen in Bscl2 knockout mice, even following a high-fat diet challenge. Seipin loss only in developing adipocytes drives severe early-onset lipodystrophy. This leads to significantly altered use of metabolic substrates. We uncover developmental differences between poorly characterised adipose depots. Despite severely reduced adipose mass mice do not show overt metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karla Suchacki
- The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anke J Roelofs
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wulin Yang
- Cancer Hospital and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyun Fu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Bo Bai
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Robert J Wallace
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - William P Cawthorn
- The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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Xu D, Li Y, Wu L, Li Y, Zhao D, Yu J, Huang T, Ferguson C, Parton RG, Yang H, Li P. Rab18 promotes lipid droplet (LD) growth by tethering the ER to LDs through SNARE and NRZ interactions. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:975-995. [PMID: 29367353 PMCID: PMC5839781 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid incorporation from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to lipid droplet (LD) is important in controlling LD growth and intracellular lipid homeostasis. However, the molecular link mediating ER and LD cross talk remains elusive. Here, we identified Rab18 as an important Rab guanosine triphosphatase in controlling LD growth and maturation. Rab18 deficiency resulted in a drastically reduced number of mature LDs and decreased lipid storage, and was accompanied by increased ER stress. Rab3GAP1/2, the GEF of Rab18, promoted LD growth by activating and targeting Rab18 to LDs. LD-associated Rab18 bound specifically to the ER-associated NAG-RINT1-ZW10 (NRZ) tethering complex and their associated SNAREs (Syntaxin18, Use1, BNIP1), resulting in the recruitment of ER to LD and the formation of direct ER-LD contact. Cells with defects in the NRZ/SNARE complex function showed reduced LD growth and lipid storage. Overall, our data reveal that the Rab18-NRZ-SNARE complex is critical protein machinery for tethering ER-LD and establishing ER-LD contact to promote LD growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tuozhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Charles Ferguson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Total body irradiation tremendously impair the proliferation, differentiation and chromosomal integrity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:697-707. [PMID: 29349655 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Total body irradiation (TBI) is frequently used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is associated with many complications due to radiation injury to the normal cells, including normal stem cells. Nevertheless, the effects of TBI on the mesenchymal stromal stem cell (MSC) are not fully understood. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) isolated from normal adults were irradiated with 200 cGy twice daily for consecutive 3 days, a regimen identical to that used in TBI-conditioning HSCT. The characteristics, differentiation potential, cytogenetics, hematopoiesis-supporting function, and carcinogenicity of the irradiated BM-MSCs were then compared to the non-irradiated control. The irradiated and non-irradiated MSCs shared similar morphology, phenotype, and hematopoiesis-supporting function. However, irradiated MSCs showed much lower proliferative and differentiative potential. Irradiation also induced clonal cytogenetic abnormalities of MSCs. Nevertheless, the carcinogenicity of irradiated MSCs is low in vitro and in vivo. In parallel with the ex vivo irradiation experiments, decreased proliferative and differentiative abilities and clonal cytogenetic abnormalities can also be found in MSCs isolated from transplant recipients who had received TBI-based conditioning previously. Thus, TBI used in HSCT drastically injury MSCs and may contribute to the development of some long-term complications associated with clonal cytogenetic abnormality and poor adipogenesis and osteogenesis after TBI.
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50
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Defining the expression and metabolic regulation of alternative isoforms of the lipodystrophy protein seipin in developing adipocytes. Proc Nutr Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s002966511700427x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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