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Xu Y, Xu J, Chen S, Zhou A, Huang G, Huang S, Yu D, Wu B. Identifying potential pathogenesis and immune infiltration in diabetic foot ulcers using bioinformatics and in vitro analyses. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:313. [PMID: 38041124 PMCID: PMC10693102 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are among the fastest-growing diseases worldwide. Recent evidence has emphasized the critical role of microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA networks in various chronic wounds, including DFU. In this study, we aimed to clarify the miRNA-mRNA axes associated with the occurrence of DFU. METHODS Expression profiles of miRNAs and mRNAs were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, and miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes were constructed through integrated bioinformatics analyses. We validated the miRNA-mRNA axes using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and dual-luciferase reporter assays. We conducted an immune infiltration analysis and confirmed the bioinformatics results using immunofluorescence staining. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to analyze the metabolic mechanisms. RESULTS miR-182-5p-CHL1/MITF and miR-338-3p-NOVA1 interactions were identified using in silico analysis. The qPCR results showed apparent dysregulation of these miRNA-mRNA axes in DFU. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-182-5p targeted CHL1 and MITF, and miR-338-3p targeted NOVA1. We conducted an immune infiltration analysis and observed that key genes correlated with decreased infiltration of M1 macrophages and resting mast cells in DFU. Immunofluorescence staining verified the co-localization of CHL1 and tryptase, while MITF and CD68 showed weak positive correlations. Metabolic pathways related to these three genes were identified using ssGSEA. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the miR-182-5p-CHL1/MITF and miR-338-3p-NOVA1 pathway interactions and decreased infiltration of M1 macrophages and resting mast cells may provide novel clues to the pathogenesis of DFU. TRIAL REGISTRATION The clinical trial included in this study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( ChiCTR2200066660 ) on December 13, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianchang Xu
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Sirong Chen
- Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Anbang Zhou
- Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Guangjing Huang
- Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Shidao Huang
- Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Dianbo Yu
- Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Biaoliang Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
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A distinct role of STING in regulating glucose homeostasis through insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2101848119. [PMID: 35145023 PMCID: PMC8851542 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101848119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of STING in maintaining glucose homeostasis remains unknown. Herein, using global and β-cell–specific STING knockout mouse models, we revealed a distinct role of STING in the regulation of glucose homeostasis through β-cells and peripheral tissues. Specially, while global STING knockout beneficially alleviated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance induced by high-fat diet, it surprisingly impaired islet glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Further analyses revealed that STING deficiency down-regulated expression of β-cell key transcription factor Pax6, impairing Pax6 nuclear localization and binding activity to the promoters of its target genes, including Glut2 and Abcc8, causing impaired GSIS. These data highlight pathophysiological significance of fine-tuned STING signaling in β-cells and insulin target tissues for maintaining glucose homeostasis. Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are two main molecular bases yet to be further elucidated for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Accumulating evidence indicates that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays an important role in regulating insulin sensitivity. However, its function in β-cells remains unknown. Herein, using global STING knockout (STING−/−) and β-cell–specific STING knockout (STING-βKO) mouse models, we revealed a distinct role of STING in the regulation of glucose homeostasis through peripheral tissues and β-cells. Specially, although STING−/− beneficially alleviated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance induced by high-fat diet, it surprisingly impaired islet glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Importantly, STING is decreased in islets of db/db mice and patients with T2D, suggesting a possible role of STING in β-cell dysfunction. Indeed, STING-βKO caused glucose intolerance due to impaired GSIS, indicating that STING is required for normal β-cell function. Islet transcriptome analysis showed that STING deficiency decreased expression of β-cell function–related genes, including Glut2, Kcnj11, and Abcc8, contributing to impaired GSIS. Mechanistically, the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) analyses suggested that Pax6 was the transcription factor that might be associated with defective GSIS in STING-βKO mice. Indeed, Pax6 messenger RNA and protein levels were down-regulated and its nuclear localization was lost in STING-βKO β-cells. Together, these data revealed a function of STING in the regulation of insulin secretion and established pathophysiological significance of fine-tuned STING within β-cells and insulin target tissues for maintaining glucose homeostasis.
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Cataldo LR, Singh T, Achanta K, Bsharat S, Prasad RB, Luan C, Renström E, Eliasson L, Artner I. MAFA and MAFB regulate exocytosis-related genes in human β-cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13761. [PMID: 34978761 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reduced expression of exocytotic genes is associated with functional defects in insulin exocytosis contributing to impaired insulin secretion and type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. MAFA and MAFB transcription factors regulate β-cell physiology, and their gene expression is reduced in T2D β cells. We investigate if loss of MAFA and MAFB in human β cells contributes to T2D progression by regulating genes required for insulin exocytosis. METHODS Three approaches were performed: (1) RNAseq analysis with the focus on exocytosis-related genes in MafA-/- mouse islets, (2) correlational analysis between MAFA, MAFB and exocytosis-related genes in human islets and (3) MAFA and MAFB silencing in human islets and EndoC-βH1 cells followed by functional in vitro studies. RESULTS The expression of 30 exocytosis-related genes was significantly downregulated in MafA-/- mouse islets. In human islets, the expression of 29 exocytosis-related genes correlated positively with MAFA and MAFB. Eight exocytosis-related genes were downregulated in MafA-/- mouse islets and positively correlated with MAFA and MAFB in human islets. From this analysis, the expression of RAB3A, STXBP1, UNC13A, VAMP2, NAPA, NSF, STX1A and SYT7 was quantified after acute MAFA or MAFB silencing in EndoC-βH1 cells and human islets. MAFA and MAFB silencing resulted in impaired insulin secretion and reduced STX1A, SYT7 and STXBP1 (EndoC-βH1) and STX1A (human islets) mRNA expression. STX1A and STXBP1 protein expression was also impaired in islets from T2D donors which lack MAFA expression. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that STXBP1 and STX1A are important MAFA/B-regulated exocytosis genes which may contribute to insulin exocytosis defects observed in MAFA-deficient human T2D β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function Group Stem Cell Centre Lund University Lund Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre Clinical Research Center Malmo Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Tania Singh
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function Group Stem Cell Centre Lund University Lund Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre Clinical Research Center Malmo Sweden
| | - Kavya Achanta
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function Group Stem Cell Centre Lund University Lund Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre Clinical Research Center Malmo Sweden
| | - Sara Bsharat
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function Group Stem Cell Centre Lund University Lund Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre Clinical Research Center Malmo Sweden
| | - Rashmi B. Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Centre Clinical Research Center Malmo Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Malmo Sweden
| | - Cheng Luan
- Lund University Diabetes Centre Clinical Research Center Malmo Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Centre Clinical Research Center Malmo Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre Clinical Research Center Malmo Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Malmo Sweden
- Islet Cell Exocytosis Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function Group Stem Cell Centre Lund University Lund Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre Clinical Research Center Malmo Sweden
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Autoregulation of Pax6 in neuronal cells is mediated by Pax6(5a), Pax6(ΔPD), SPARC, and p53. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3271-3279. [PMID: 35103896 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pax6, a multifunctional protein and a transcriptional regulator is critical for optimal functioning of neuronal cells. It is known that alternatively spliced Pax6 isoforms and co-expressed interacting proteins mediate cell/tissue specific autoregulation of Pax6, however, underlying mechanism(s) are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We used Neuro-2a cells to explore the mechanism of autoregulation of Pax6 in neuronal cells whereas NIH/3T3 cells were used as control. We first studied the transcript expression of the three Pax6 isoforms: Pax6, Pax6(5a), and Pax6(ΔPD); and the two co-expressed Pax6-interacting partners: SPARC and p53 in normal and overexpressed conditions, through the semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Further, we used the luciferase reporter assay to study the binding and transactivation of the three Pax6 isoforms: Pax6, Pax6(5a), and Pax6(ΔPD) to their respective promoters: P0, P1, and Pα; followed by that of the two co-expressed Pax6-interacting partners: SPARC and p53 to the Pax6-P1 promoter. Expression and distribution of Pax6, Pax6(5a) and Pax6(ΔPD), their binding to Pax6-promoters (P0, P1, and Pα) and transactivation were modulated in transfected Neuro-2a cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that autoregulation of Pax6 in neuronal cells is driven by a promoter dependent mechanism which is mediated by spliced variants [Pax6(5a) and Pax6(ΔPD)] and interacting proteins (SPARC and p53) of Pax6.
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Cataldo LR, Vishnu N, Singh T, Bertonnier-Brouty L, Bsharat S, Luan C, Renström E, Prasad RB, Fex M, Mulder H, Artner I. The MafA-target gene PPP1R1A regulates GLP1R-mediated amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in β-cells. Metabolism 2021; 118:154734. [PMID: 33631146 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) through incretin signaling is critical for maintaining physiological glucose levels. Incretins, like glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), are a target of type 2 diabetes drugs aiming to enhance insulin secretion. Here we show that the protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor protein 1A (PPP1R1A), is expressed in β-cells and that its expression is reduced in dysfunctional β-cells lacking MafA and upon acute MafA knock down. MafA is a central regulator of GSIS and β-cell function. We observed a strong correlation of MAFA and PPP1R1A mRNA levels in human islets, moreover, PPP1R1A mRNA levels were reduced in type 2 diabetic islets and positively correlated with GLP1-mediated GSIS amplification. PPP1R1A silencing in INS1 (832/13) β-cells impaired GSIS amplification, PKA-target protein phosphorylation, mitochondrial coupling efficiency and also the expression of critical β-cell marker genes like MafA, Pdx1, NeuroD1 and Pax6. Our results demonstrate that the β-cell transcription factor MafA is required for PPP1R1A expression and that reduced β-cell PPP1R1A levels impaired β-cell function and contributed to β-cell dedifferentiation during type 2 diabetes. Loss of PPP1R1A in type 2 diabetic β-cells may explains the unresponsiveness of type 2 diabetic patients to GLP1R-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden.
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Tania Singh
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Sara Bsharat
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Cheng Luan
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function group, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Sweden.
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Tian W, Zhu XR, Qiao CY, Ma YN, Yang FY, Zhou Z, Feng JP, Sun R, Xie RR, Lu J, Cao X, Zhou JB, Yang JK. Heterozygous PAX6 mutations may lead to hyper-proinsulinaemia and glucose intolerance: A case-control study in families with congenital aniridia. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14456. [PMID: 33169869 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM PAX6 is a transcription factor involved in embryonic development of many organs, including the eyes and the pancreas. Mutations of PAX6 gene is the main cause of a rare disease, congenital aniridia (CA). This case-control study aims to investigate the effects of PAX6 mutations on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in families with CA. METHODS In all, 21 families with CA were screened by Sanger sequencing. Patients with PAX6 mutations and CA (cases) and age-matched healthy family members (controls) were enrolled. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to detect diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Insulin and proinsulin secretion were evaluated. RESULTS Among 21 CA families, heterozygous PAX6 mutations were detected in five families. Among cases (n = 10) from the five families, two were diagnosed with newly identified diabetes and another two were diagnosed with IGT. Among controls (n = 12), two had IGT. The levels of haemoglobin A1c were 36 ± 4 mmol/mol (5.57 ± 0.46%) and 32 ± 5 mmol/L (5.21 ± 0.54%) in the cases and the controls, respectively (p = 0.049). More importantly, levels of proinsulin in the cases were significantly higher than that of the controls, despite similar levels of total insulin. The areas under the curve of proinsulin in the cases (6425 ± 4390) were significantly higher than that of the controls (3709 ± 1769) (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION PAX6 may participate in the production of proinsulin to insulin and heterozygous PAX6 mutations may be associated with glucose metabolism in CA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Qiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Nan Ma
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Mathematics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing, China
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Malladi VS, Nagari A, Franco HL, Kraus WL. Total Functional Score of Enhancer Elements Identifies Lineage-Specific Enhancers That Drive Differentiation of Pancreatic Cells. Bioinform Biol Insights 2020; 14:1177932220938063. [PMID: 32655276 PMCID: PMC7331761 DOI: 10.1177/1177932220938063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of embryonic stem cells into various lineages is highly dependent on the chromatin state of the genome and patterns of gene expression. To identify lineage-specific enhancers driving the differentiation of progenitors into pancreatic cells, we used a previously described computational framework called Total Functional Score of Enhancer Elements (TFSEE), which integrates multiple genomic assays that probe both transcriptional and epigenomic states. First, we evaluated and compared TFSEE as an enhancer-calling algorithm with enhancers called using GRO-seq-defined enhancer transcripts (method 1) versus enhancers called using histone modification ChIP-seq data (method 2). Second, we used TFSEE to define the enhancer landscape and identify transcription factors (TFs) that maintain the multipotency of a subpopulation of endodermal stem cells during differentiation into pancreatic lineages. Collectively, our results demonstrate that TFSEE is a robust enhancer-calling algorithm that can be used to perform multilayer genomic data integration to uncover cell type-specific TFs that control lineage-specific enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat S Malladi
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anusha Nagari
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hector L Franco
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Genetics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Altered Transcription Factor Binding and Gene Bivalency in Islets of Intrauterine Growth Retarded Rats. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061435. [PMID: 32527043 PMCID: PMC7348746 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), which induces epigenetic modifications and permanent changes in gene expression, has been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Using a rat model of IUGR, we performed ChIP-Seq to identify and map genome-wide histone modifications and gene dysregulation in islets from 2- and 10-week rats. IUGR induced significant changes in the enrichment of H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K27Ac marks in both 2-wk and 10-wk islets, which were correlated with expression changes of multiple genes critical for islet function in IUGR islets. ChIP-Seq analysis showed that IUGR-induced histone mark changes were enriched at critical transcription factor binding motifs, such as C/EBPs, Ets1, Bcl6, Thrb, Ebf1, Sox9, and Mitf. These transcription factors were also identified as top upstream regulators in our previously published transcriptome study. In addition, our ChIP-seq data revealed more than 1000 potential bivalent genes as identified by enrichment of both H3K4me3 and H3K27me3. The poised state of many potential bivalent genes was altered by IUGR, particularly Acod1, Fgf21, Serpina11, Cdh16, Lrrc27, and Lrrc66, key islet genes. Collectively, our findings suggest alterations of histone modification in key transcription factors and genes that may contribute to long-term gene dysregulation and an abnormal islet phenotype in IUGR rats.
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MiRNA-144-3p inhibits high glucose induced cell proliferation through suppressing FGF16. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181788. [PMID: 31292167 PMCID: PMC6658725 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major cause of blindness, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is often found in the developed countries. Our previous study identified a down-regulated miRNA: miR-144-3p in response to hyperglycemia. The present study aims to investigate the role of miR-144-3p in proliferation of microvascular epithelial cells. Endothelial cells were treated with different concentrations of glucose, after which miR-144-3p were detected with real-time PCR assay. MiR-144-3p mimics or inhibitors were used to increase or knockdown the level of this miRNA. Western blotting assay and ELISA assay were used to measure the expression and concentration of VEGF protein. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyUridine (BrdU) labeled cell cycle assay was used to detect cells in S phase. MiRNA targets were predicted by using a TargetScan tool, and were further verified by luciferase reporter assay. In the present study, we focussed on a significantly down-regulated miRNA, miR-144-3p, and investigated its role in high glucose (HG) induced cell proliferation. Our data showed that miR-144-3p mimics significantly inhibited HG induced cell proliferation and reduced the percentage of cells in S phase. HG induced up-regulation of VEGF was also prohibited by miR-144-3p mimics. Through wound-healing assay, we found that miR-144-3p suppressed cell migration after HG treatments. Moreover, we predicted and proved that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)16 is a direct target of miR-144-3p. Finally, miR-144-3p attenuated HG induced MAPK activation. In conclusion, we demonstrated that miR-144-3p inhibited high glucose-induced cell proliferation through suppressing FGF16 and MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting a possible role of miR-144-FGF16 in the development of DR.
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Guo FF, Hu ZY, Li BY, Qin LQ, Fu C, Yu H, Zhang ZL. Evaluation of the association between urinary cadmium levels below threshold limits and the risk of diabetes mellitus: a dose-response meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19272-19281. [PMID: 31069655 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As cadmium levels are increasing in the environment, the adverse effects of cadmium exposure specifically associated with chronic diseases are receiving increasing attention. Several population-based studies have been conducted on the association between cadmium and diabetes mellitus (DM) but have reported controversial results. Here, we aimed to evaluate the association between cadmium exposure and DM. In this meta-analysis, a random effects model was used because there was evidence of heterogeneity among studies. A dose-response relationship was assessed through a restricted cubic spline model with three knots. The results showed a positive association between cadmium levels in the body and DM (OR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07-1.52). The cadmium levels in the body were defined on the basis of combined urinary and blood cadmium. Subgroup analysis further indicated a positive association between urinary cadmium levels and DM (OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02-1.69). The dose-response analysis results showed a positive association between levels of urinary cadmium above 2.43 μg/g creatinine and DM, and the risk of DM increased by 16% for each l μg/g creatinine increase in urinary cadmium levels. The results from our meta-analysis indicate that cadmium levels in the body are positively associated with DM, and urinary cadmium levels above 2.43 μg/g creatinine are associated with an increased risk of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Guo
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 486 Wen Qiao Road, Jiaxing, 314050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing-Yan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huifang Yu
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 486 Wen Qiao Road, Jiaxing, 314050, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeng-Li Zhang
- Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Singh T, Colberg JK, Sarmiento L, Chaves P, Hansen L, Bsharat S, Cataldo LR, Dudenhöffer-Pfeifer M, Fex M, Bryder D, Holmberg D, Sitnicka E, Cilio C, Prasad RB, Artner I. Loss of MafA and MafB expression promotes islet inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9074. [PMID: 31235823 PMCID: PMC6591483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maf transcription factors are critical regulators of beta-cell function. We have previously shown that reduced MafA expression in human and mouse islets is associated with a pro-inflammatory gene signature. Here, we investigate if the loss of Maf transcription factors induced autoimmune processes in the pancreas. Transcriptomics analysis showed expression of pro-inflammatory as well as immune cell marker genes. However, clusters of CD4+ T and B220+ B cells were associated primarily with adult MafA−/−MafB+/−, but not MafA−/− islets. MafA expression was detected in the thymus, lymph nodes and bone marrow suggesting a novel role of MafA in regulating immune-cell function. Analysis of pancreatic lymph node cells showed activation of CD4+ T cells, but lack of CD8+ T cell activation which also coincided with an enrichment of naïve CD8+ T cells. Further analysis of T cell marker genes revealed a reduction of T cell receptor signaling gene expression in CD8, but not in CD4+ T cells, which was accompanied with a defect in early T cell receptor signaling in mutant CD8+ T cells. These results suggest that loss of MafA impairs both beta- and T cell function affecting the balance of peripheral immune responses against islet autoantigens, resulting in local inflammation in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Singh
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Jesper K Colberg
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Luis Sarmiento
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Patricia Chaves
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Hansen
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Sara Bsharat
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Luis R Cataldo
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | | | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Dan Holmberg
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Ewa Sitnicka
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Corrado Cilio
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, 22184, Sweden. .,Lund University Diabetes Center, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö, 21428, Sweden.
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12
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Luan C, Ye Y, Singh T, Barghouth M, Eliasson L, Artner I, Zhang E, Renström E. The calcium channel subunit gamma-4 is regulated by MafA and necessary for pancreatic beta-cell specification. Commun Biol 2019; 2:106. [PMID: 30911681 PMCID: PMC6420573 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels trigger glucose-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cell and their dysfunction increases diabetes risk. These heteromeric complexes include the main subunit alpha1, and the accessory ones, including subunit gamma that remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that CaV gamma subunit 4 (CaVγ4) is downregulated in islets from human donors with diabetes, diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, as well as under conditions of gluco-/lipotoxic stress. Reduction of CaVγ4 expression results in decreased expression of L-type CaV1.2 and CaV1.3, thereby suppressing voltage-gated Ca2+ entry and glucose stimulated insulin exocytosis. The most important finding is that CaVγ4 expression is controlled by the transcription factor responsible for beta-cell specification, MafA, as verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and experiments in beta-cell specific MafA knockout mice (MafA Δβcell ). Taken together, these findings suggest that CaVγ4 is necessary for maintaining a functional differentiated beta-cell phenotype. Treatment aiming at restoring CaVγ4 may help to restore beta-cell function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luan
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yingying Ye
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tania Singh
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Barghouth
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Enming Zhang
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
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Zhang L, Zhang Q, Liu S, Chen Y, Li R, Lin T, Yu C, Zhang H, Huang Z, Zhao X, Tan X, Li Z, Ye Z, Ma J, Zhang B, Wang W, Shi W, Liang X. DNA methyltransferase 1 may be a therapy target for attenuating diabetic nephropathy and podocyte injury. Kidney Int 2017; 92:140-153. [PMID: 28318634 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Shuangxin Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunping Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongshun Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinchen Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Tan
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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The master role of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in melanocyte and melanoma biology. J Transl Med 2017; 97:649-656. [PMID: 28263292 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain transcription factors have vital roles in lineage development, including specification of cell types and control of differentiation. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a key transcription factor for melanocyte development and differentiation. MITF regulates expression of numerous pigmentation genes to promote melanocyte differentiation, as well as fundamental genes for maintaining cell homeostasis, including genes encoding proteins involved in apoptosis (eg, BCL2) and the cell cycle (eg, CDK2). Loss-of-function mutations of MITF cause Waardenburg syndrome type IIA, whose phenotypes include depigmentation due to melanocyte loss, whereas amplification or specific mutation of MITF can be an oncogenic event that is seen in a subset of familial or sporadic melanomas. In this article, we review basic features of MITF biological function and highlight key unresolved questions regarding this remarkable transcription factor.
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Nooron N, Ohba K, Takeda K, Shibahara S, Chiabchalard A. Dysregulated Expression of MITF in Subsets of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 242:291-302. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.242.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nattakarn Nooron
- Department of Molecular Biology and Applied Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Koji Ohba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Applied Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuhisa Takeda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Applied Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine
| | - Shigeki Shibahara
- Department of Molecular Biology and Applied Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine
- Faculty of Sports Science, Sendai University
| | - Anchalee Chiabchalard
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University
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16
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Arregi I, Climent M, Iliev D, Strasser J, Gouignard N, Johansson JK, Singh T, Mazur M, Semb H, Artner I, Minichiello L, Pera EM. Retinol Dehydrogenase-10 Regulates Pancreas Organogenesis and Endocrine Cell Differentiation via Paracrine Retinoic Acid Signaling. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4615-4631. [PMID: 27740873 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A-derived retinoic acid (RA) signals are critical for the development of several organs, including the pancreas. However, the tissue-specific control of RA synthesis in organ and cell lineage development has only poorly been addressed in vivo. Here, we show that retinol dehydrogenase-10 (Rdh10), a key enzyme in embryonic RA production, has important functions in pancreas organogenesis and endocrine cell differentiation. Rdh10 was expressed in the developing pancreas epithelium and surrounding mesenchyme. Rdh10 null mutant mouse embryos exhibited dorsal pancreas agenesis and a hypoplastic ventral pancreas with retarded tubulogenesis and branching. Conditional disruption of Rdh10 from the endoderm caused increased mortality, reduced body weight, and lowered blood glucose levels after birth. Endodermal Rdh10 deficiency led to a smaller dorsal pancreas with a reduced density of early glucagon+ and insulin+ cells. During the secondary transition, the reduction of Neurogenin3+ endocrine progenitors in the mutant dorsal pancreas accounted for fewer α- and β-cells. Changes in the expression of α- and β-cell-specific transcription factors indicated that Rdh10 might also participate in the terminal differentiation of endocrine cells. Together, our results highlight the importance of both mesenchymal and epithelial Rdh10 for pancreogenesis and the first wave of endocrine cell differentiation. We further propose a model in which the Rdh10-expressing exocrine tissue acts as an essential source of RA signals in the second wave of endocrine cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Arregi
- Lund Stem Cell Center (I.Arr., M.C., D.I., J.S., N.G., J.K.J., T.S., M.M., I.Art., E.M.P.), Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden; The Danish Stem Cell Center (H.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology (L.M.), University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Climent
- Lund Stem Cell Center (I.Arr., M.C., D.I., J.S., N.G., J.K.J., T.S., M.M., I.Art., E.M.P.), Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden; The Danish Stem Cell Center (H.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology (L.M.), University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dobromir Iliev
- Lund Stem Cell Center (I.Arr., M.C., D.I., J.S., N.G., J.K.J., T.S., M.M., I.Art., E.M.P.), Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden; The Danish Stem Cell Center (H.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology (L.M.), University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Strasser
- Lund Stem Cell Center (I.Arr., M.C., D.I., J.S., N.G., J.K.J., T.S., M.M., I.Art., E.M.P.), Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden; The Danish Stem Cell Center (H.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology (L.M.), University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nadège Gouignard
- Lund Stem Cell Center (I.Arr., M.C., D.I., J.S., N.G., J.K.J., T.S., M.M., I.Art., E.M.P.), Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden; The Danish Stem Cell Center (H.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology (L.M.), University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny K Johansson
- Lund Stem Cell Center (I.Arr., M.C., D.I., J.S., N.G., J.K.J., T.S., M.M., I.Art., E.M.P.), Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden; The Danish Stem Cell Center (H.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology (L.M.), University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tania Singh
- Lund Stem Cell Center (I.Arr., M.C., D.I., J.S., N.G., J.K.J., T.S., M.M., I.Art., E.M.P.), Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden; The Danish Stem Cell Center (H.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology (L.M.), University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Mazur
- Lund Stem Cell Center (I.Arr., M.C., D.I., J.S., N.G., J.K.J., T.S., M.M., I.Art., E.M.P.), Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden; The Danish Stem Cell Center (H.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology (L.M.), University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Semb
- Lund Stem Cell Center (I.Arr., M.C., D.I., J.S., N.G., J.K.J., T.S., M.M., I.Art., E.M.P.), Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden; The Danish Stem Cell Center (H.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology (L.M.), University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella Artner
- Lund Stem Cell Center (I.Arr., M.C., D.I., J.S., N.G., J.K.J., T.S., M.M., I.Art., E.M.P.), Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden; The Danish Stem Cell Center (H.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology (L.M.), University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liliana Minichiello
- Lund Stem Cell Center (I.Arr., M.C., D.I., J.S., N.G., J.K.J., T.S., M.M., I.Art., E.M.P.), Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden; The Danish Stem Cell Center (H.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology (L.M.), University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edgar M Pera
- Lund Stem Cell Center (I.Arr., M.C., D.I., J.S., N.G., J.K.J., T.S., M.M., I.Art., E.M.P.), Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden; The Danish Stem Cell Center (H.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Pharmacology (L.M.), University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Zhang S, Bai C, Ma Y, Li X, Gao Y, Fan Y, Guan W, Zheng D. The characterisation and functional β-cell differentiation of duck pancreas-derived mesenchymal cells. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:201-10. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1135505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Ganic E, Singh T, Luan C, Fadista J, Johansson JK, Cyphert HA, Bennet H, Storm P, Prost G, Ahlenius H, Renström E, Stein R, Groop L, Fex M, Artner I. MafA-Controlled Nicotinic Receptor Expression Is Essential for Insulin Secretion and Is Impaired in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1991-2002. [PMID: 26904947 PMCID: PMC5918632 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine and acetylcholine neurotransmitters from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulate insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. The molecular mechanisms controlling neurotransmitter signaling in islet β cells and their impact on diabetes development are only partially understood. Using a glucose-intolerant, MafA-deficient mouse model, we demonstrate that MAFA controls ANS-mediated insulin secretion by activating the transcription of nicotinic (ChrnB2 and ChrnB4) and adrenergic (Adra2A) receptor genes, which are integral parts of acetylcholine-and monoamine-signaling pathways. We show that acetylcholine-mediated insulin secretion requires nicotinic signaling and that nicotinic receptor expression is positively correlated with insulin secretion and glycemic control in human donor islets. Moreover, polymorphisms spanning MAFA-binding regions within the human CHRNB4 gene are associated with type 2 diabetes. Our data show that MAFA transcriptional activity is required for establishing β cell sensitivity to neurotransmitter signaling and identify nicotinic signaling as a modulator of insulin secretion impaired in type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autonomic Nervous System/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Humans
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Maf Transcription Factors, Large/genetics
- Maf Transcription Factors, Large/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Ganic
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Tania Singh
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Cheng Luan
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - João Fadista
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Jenny K Johansson
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Holly Ann Cyphert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Petter Storm
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Gaëlle Prost
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ahlenius
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Isabella Artner
- Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund 22184, Sweden.
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19
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Ganic E, Johansson JK, Bennet H, Fex M, Artner I. Islet-specific monoamine oxidase A and B expression depends on MafA transcriptional activity and is compromised in type 2 diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:629-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Background Pax6, a highly conserved multifunctional transcription factor, has been critical for neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity. It is presumed that if level of Pax6 approaches either low or null, critical genes responsible for maintaining functional status of neurons or glia would be modulated. Purpose Therefore, it has been intended to explore possibility of either direct or indirect influence of Pax6 in neurodegeneration. Methods The cell lines having origin of murine embryonic fibroblast (Pax6-non expressing, NIH3T3-cell line), murine neuroblastoma (Pax6-expressing brain-derived, Neuro-2a-cell line), and human glioblastoma-astrocytoma (U87MG) were cultured and maintained in a CO2 incubator at 37°C and 5% CO2 in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The knockdown of endogenous Pax6 in Neuro-2a cells was achieved through siRNA based gene knock-down approach. The efficiency and validation of knock-down was done by real time PCR. The knock-down of Pax6 was successfully achieved. Results The levels of expression of transcripts of some of the proposed putative markers of neurodegeneration like Pax6, S100β, GFAP, BDNF, NGN2, p73α, p73δ, LDH, SOD, and Catalase were analyzed in Pax6 knockdown condition for analysis of role of Pax6 in neurodegeneration. Since the Pax6 has been proposed to bind to promoter sequences of catalase, and catalase suppresses TGFβ, relative lower levels of catalase in Neuro-2a and U-87MG as compared to NIH-3T3 indicates a possible progressive dominant negative impact of Pax6. However, presence of SOD and LDH indicates alternative protective mechanism. Conclusion Presence of BDNF and TGFβ indicates association between them in glioblastoma-astrocytoma. Therefore, Pax6 seems to be involved directly with p53 and TGFβ mediated pathways and indirectly with redox-sensitive pathway regulation. The neurodegenerative markers S100β, GFAP, BDNF, NGN2, p73α, p73δ, observed downregulated in Pax6 knockdown condition suggest Pax6-mediated regulation of these markers. Observations enlighten Pax6-mediated influences on cascades of genes involved in growth, differentiation and maturation of neurons and glia.
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Hu H, Sun W, Yu S, Hong X, Qian W, Tang B, Wang D, Yang L, Wang J, Mao C, Zhou L, Yuan G. Increased circulating levels of betatrophin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:2718-22. [PMID: 25024395 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Betatrophin, a newly identified hormone, has been recently characterized as a potent stimulator that increases the production and expansion of insulin-secreting β-cells in mice, but the physiological role of betatrophin remains poorly understood. This study measured for the first time serum betatrophin levels in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and explored the correlations between its serum levels and various metabolic parameters in T2DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed the concentrations of betatrophin by ELISA in blood samples of 166 well-characterized individuals in whom anthropometric parameters, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipids, insulin sensitivity (1/homeostasis model assesment of insulin resistance [1/HOMA-IR] and Matsuda index [ISIM]), and insulin secretion were measured. The participants were divided into newly diagnosed T2DM patients (n = 83) and age-, sex- and BMI-matched healthy control subjects (n = 83). RESULTS Serum betatrophin levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients than in healthy control subjects (613.08 [422.19-813.08] vs. 296.57 [196.53-509.46] pg/mL; P < 0.01). Serum betatrophin positively correlated with age, 2-h post-OGTT glucose (2hPG), and postprandial serum insulin (PSI), but negatively with 1/HOMA-IR and ISIM in T2DM patients. In the control group, betatrophin was only positively associated with age. In T2DM subjects, multivariate regression analyses showed that age, 2hPG, and PSI were independent factors influencing serum betatrophin levels. CONCLUSIONS Circulating concentrations of betatrophin are significantly increased in T2DM patients. Our results suggest that betatrophin may play a role in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuqin Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiafei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weiyun Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bingqian Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jifang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Caoming Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Libin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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22
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Abstract
The islets of Langerhans are key regulators of glucose homeostasis and have been known as a structure for almost one and a half centuries. During the twentieth century several different cell types were described in the islets of different species and at different developmental stages. Six cell types with identified hormonal product have been described so far by the use of histochemical staining methods, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Thus, glucagon-producing α-cells, insulin-producing β-cells, somatostatin-producing δ-cells, pancreatic polypeptide-producing PP-cells, serotonin-producing enterochromaffin-cells, and gastrin-producing G-cells have all been found in the mammalian pancreas at least at some developmental stage. Species differences are at hand and age-related differences are also to be considered. Eleven years ago a novel cell type, the ghrelin cell, was discovered in the human islets. Subsequent studies have shown the presence of islet ghrelin cells in several animals, including mouse, rat, gerbils, and fish. The developmental regulation of ghrelin cells in the islets of mice has gained a lot of interest and several studies have added important pieces to the puzzle of molecular mechanisms and the genetic regulation that lead to differentiation into mature ghrelin cells. A body of evidence has shown that ghrelin is an insulinostatic hormone, and the potential for blockade of ghrelin signalling as a therapeutic avenue for type 2 diabetes is intriguing. Furthermore, ghrelin-expressing pancreatic tumours have been reported and ghrelin needs to be taken into account when diagnosing pancreatic tumours. In this review article, we summarise the knowledge about islet ghrelin cells obtained so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Wierup
- Unit of Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Scania University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden Imaging Team, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK2760 Måløv, Denmark
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