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Wang Q, Hartig SM, Ballantyne CM, Wu H. The multifaceted life of macrophages in white adipose tissue: Immune shift couples with metabolic switch. Immunol Rev 2024; 324:11-24. [PMID: 38683173 PMCID: PMC11262992 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a vital endocrine organ that regulates energy balance and metabolic homeostasis. In addition to fat cells, WAT harbors macrophages with distinct phenotypes that play crucial roles in immunity and metabolism. Nutrient demands cause macrophages to accumulate in WAT niches, where they remodel the microenvironment and produce beneficial or detrimental effects on systemic metabolism. Given the abundance of macrophages in WAT, this review summarizes the heterogeneity of WAT macrophages in physiological and pathological conditions, including their alterations in quantity, phenotypes, characteristics, and functions during WAT growth and development, as well as healthy or unhealthy expansion. We will discuss the interactions of macrophages with other cell partners in WAT including adipose stem cells, adipocytes, and T cells in the context of various microenvironment niches in lean or obese condition. Finally, we highlight how adipose tissue macrophages merge immunity and metabolic changes to govern energy balance for the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Sean M. Hartig
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA 77030
| | | | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA 77030
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Wei S, Song Y, Li Z, Liu A, Xie Y, Gao S, Shi H, Sun P, Wang Z, Jin Y, Sun W, Li X, Li J, Liu Q. SMEK1 ablation promotes glucose uptake and improves obesity-related metabolic dysfunction via AMPK signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E776-E790. [PMID: 38568153 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00387.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major risk of global public health. SMEK1 is also known as a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 4 (PP4). Both PP4 and SMEK1 have been clarified in many metabolic functions, including the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucose transporter gene expression in yeast. Whether SMEK1 participates in obesity and the broader metabolic role in mammals is unknown. Thus, we investigated the function of SMEK1 in white adipose tissue and glucose uptake. GWAS/GEPIA/GEO database was used to analyze the correlation between SMEK1 and metabolic phenotypes/lipid metabolism-related genes/obesity. Smek1 KO mice were generated to identify the role of SMEK1 in obesity and glucose homeostasis. Cell culture and differentiation of stromal-vascular fractions (SVFs) and 3T3-L1 were used to determine the mechanism. 2-NBDG was used to measure the glucose uptake. Compound C was used to confirm the role of AMPK. We elucidated that SMEK1 was correlated with obesity and adipogenesis. Smek1 deletion enhanced adipogenesis in both SVFs and 3T3-L1. Smek1 KO protected mice from obesity and had protective effects on metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and inflammation. Smek1 KO mice had lower levels of fasting serum glucose. We found that SMEK1 ablation promoted glucose uptake by increasing p-AMPKα(T172) and the transcription of Glut4 when the effect on AMPK-regulated glucose uptake was due to the PP4 catalytic subunits (PPP4C). Our findings reveal a novel role of SMEK1 in obesity and glucose homeostasis, providing a potential new therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study clarified the relationship between SMEK1 and obesity for the first time and validated the conclusion in multiple ways by combining available data from public databases, human samples, and animal models. In addition, we clarified the role of SMEK1 in glucose uptake, providing an in-depth interpretation for the study of its function in glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Wei
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbin Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfang Xie
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbiao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yecheng Jin
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangxia Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiji Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, School of Health and Life Sciences University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Lee SH, Suh JH, Heo MJ, Choi JM, Yang Y, Jung HJ, Gao Z, Yu Y, Jung SY, Kolonin MG, Cox AR, Hartig SM, Eltzschig HK, Ju C, Moore DD, Kim KH. The Hepatokine Orosomucoid 2 Mediates Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Bile Acids. Diabetes 2024; 73:701-712. [PMID: 38320268 PMCID: PMC11043061 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are pleiotropic regulators of metabolism. Elevated levels of hepatic and circulating BAs improve energy metabolism in peripheral organs, but the precise mechanisms underlying the metabolic benefits and harm still need to be fully understood. In the current study, we identified orosomucoid 2 (ORM2) as a liver-secreted hormone (i.e., hepatokine) induced by BAs and investigated its role in BA-induced metabolic improvements in mouse models of diet-induced obesity. Contrary to our expectation, under a high-fat diet (HFD), our Orm2 knockout (Orm2-KO) exhibited a lean phenotype compared with C57BL/6J control, partly due to the increased energy expenditure. However, when challenged with a HFD supplemented with cholic acid, Orm2-KO eliminated the antiobesity effect of BAs, indicating that ORM2 governs BA-induced metabolic improvements. Moreover, hepatic ORM2 overexpression partially replicated BA effects by enhancing insulin sensitivity. Mechanistically, ORM2 suppressed interferon-γ/STAT1 activities in inguinal white adipose tissue depots, forming the basis for anti-inflammatory effects of BAs and improving glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of BA-induced liver-adipose cross talk through ORM2 induction. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Suh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Mi Jeong Heo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Systems Onco-Immunology Laboratory, David J. Sugarbaker Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Hyun-Jung Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Zhanguo Gao
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yongmei Yu
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mikhail G. Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Aaron R. Cox
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sean M. Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - David D. Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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Gao F, Litchfield B, Wu H. Adipose tissue lymphocytes and obesity. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:5. [PMID: 38455510 PMCID: PMC10919906 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), mainly evidenced by infiltration and phenotypic changes of various types of immune cells. Macrophages are the major innate immune cells and represent the predominant immune cell population within AT. Lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells, are adaptive immune cells and constitute another important immune cell population in AT. In obesity, CD8+ effector memory T cells, CD4+ Th1 cells, and B2 cells are increased in AT and promote AT inflammation, while regulatory T cells and Th2 cells, which usually function as immune regulatory or type 2 inflammatory cells, are reduced in AT. Immune cells may regulate the metabolism of adipocytes and other cells through various mechanisms, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Efforts targeting immune cells and inflammation to prevent and treat obesity-linked metabolic disease have been explored, but have not yielded significant success in clinical studies. This review provides a concise overview of the changes in lymphocyte populations within AT and their potential role in AT inflammation and the regulation of metabolic functions in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Sun Y, Wang B, Hu Q, Zhang H, Lai X, Wang T, Zhao C, Wang J, Zhang X, Niu Q, He B, Jiang E, Shi M, Feng X, Luo Y. Loss of Lkb1 in CD11c + myeloid cells protects mice from diet-induced obesity while enhancing glucose intolerance and IL-17/IFN-γ imbalance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:63. [PMID: 36781473 PMCID: PMC9925521 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04707-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue CD11c+ myeloid cell is an independent risk factor associated with obesity and metabolic disorders. However, the underlying molecular basis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that liver kinase B1 (Lkb1), a key bioenergetic sensor, is involved in CD11c+ cell-mediated immune responses in diet-induced obesity. Loss of Lkb1 in CD11c+ cells results in obesity resistance but lower glucose tolerance, which accompanies tissue-specific immune abnormalities. The accumulation and CD80's expression of Lkb1 deficient adipose-tissue specific dendritic cells but not macrophages is restrained. Additionally, the balance of IL-17A and IFN-γ remarkably tips towards the latter in fat T cells and CD11c- macrophages. Mechanistically, IFN-γ promotes apoptosis of preadipocytes and inhibits their adipogenesis while IL-17A promotes the adipogenesis in vitro, which might account in part for the fat gain resistant phenotype. In summary, these findings reveal that Lkb1 is essential for fat CD11c+ dendritic cells responding to HFD exposure and provides new insights into the IL-17A/IFN-γ balance in HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.,Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Hematology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Qianwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.,Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haixiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Xun Lai
- Department of Hematology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Tier Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Qing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Baolin He
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
| | - Mingxia Shi
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
| | - Yuechen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
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Li H, Qiu D, Yuan Y, Wang X, Wu F, Yang H, Wang S, Ma M, Qian Y, Zhan B, Yang X. Trichinella spiralis cystatin alleviates polymicrobial sepsis through activating regulatory macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108907. [PMID: 35691271 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threateningorgandysfunction caused by the cytokine storm induced by the severe bacterial infection. Excessive inflammatory responses are responsible for the lethal organ damage during the early stage of sepsis. Helminth infection and helminth-derived proteins have been identified to have the ability to immunomodulate the host immune system by reducing inflammation against inflammatory diseases. Trichinella spiralis cystatin (Ts-Cys) is a cysteine protease inhibitor with strong immunomodulatory functions on host immune system. Our previous studies have shown that excretory-secretory proteins of T. spiralis reduced sepsis-induced inflammation and Ts-Cys was able to inhibit macrophages to produce inflammatory cytokines. Whether Ts-Cys has a therapeutic effect on polymicrobial sepsis and related immunological mechanism are not yet known. METHODS Sepsis was induced in BALB/c mice using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), followed by intraperitoneal injection of 15 µg recombinant Ts-Cys (rTs-Cys). The therapeutic effect of rTs-Cys on sepsis was evaluated by observing the 72-hour survival rates of CLP-induced septic mice and the acute injury of lung and kidney through measuring the wet/dry weight ratio of lung, the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) in sera and the tissue section pathology. The potential underlying mechanism was investigated using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) by observing the effect of rTs-Cys on LPS-stimulated macrophage polarization. The expression of genes associated with macrophage polarization in BMDMs and tissues of septic mice was measured by Western Blotting and qPCR. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated the treatment with rTs-Cys alleviated CLP-induced sepsis in mice with significantly reduced pathological injury in vital organs of lung and kidney and reduced mortality of septic mice. The further study identified that treatment with rTs-Cys promoted macrophage polarization from classically activated macrophage (M1) to alternatively activated macrophage (M2) phenotype via inhibiting TLR2/MyD88 signal pathway and increasing expression of mannose receptor (MR), inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and increased regulatory anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) in sera and tissues (lung and kidney) of mice with polymicrobial sepsis. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that rTs-Cys had a therapeutic effect on sepsis through activating regulatory macrophages possibly via suppressing TLR2/MyD88 signal pathway. We also identified that rTs-Cys-induced M2 macrophage differentiation was associated with increased expression of MR on the surface of macrophages. Our results underscored the importance of MR in regulating macrophages during the treatment with rTs-Cys, providing another immunological mechanism in which helminths and their derived proteins modulate the host immune system. The findings in this study suggest that rTs-Cys is a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Dapeng Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Fengjiao Wu
- Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Mengxi Ma
- Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yayun Qian
- Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
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Latorre J, Aroca A, Fernández-Real JM, Romero LC, Moreno-Navarrete JM. The Combined Partial Knockdown of CBS and MPST Genes Induces Inflammation, Impairs Adipocyte Function-Related Gene Expression and Disrupts Protein Persulfidation in Human Adipocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061095. [PMID: 35739994 PMCID: PMC9220337 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in mice and humans demonstrated the relevance of H2S synthesising enzymes, such as CTH, CBS, and MPST, in the physiology of adipose tissue and the differentiation of preadipocyte into adipocytes. Here, our objective was to investigate the combined role of CTH, CBS, and MPST in the preservation of adipocyte protein persulfidation and adipogenesis. Combined partial CTH, CBS, and MPST gene knockdown was achieved treating fully human adipocytes with siRNAs against these transcripts (siRNA_MIX). Adipocyte protein persulfidation was analyzed using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry coupled with a dimedone-switch method for protein labeling and purification. Proteomic analysis quantified 216 proteins with statistically different levels of persulfidation in KD cells compared to control adipocytes. In fully differentiated adipocytes, CBS and MPST mRNA and protein levels were abundant, while CTH expression was very low. It is noteworthy that siRNA_MIX administration resulted in a significant decrease in CBS and MPST expression, without impacting on CTH. The combined partial knockdown of the CBS and MPST genes resulted in reduced cellular sulfide levels in parallel to decreased expression of relevant genes for adipocyte biology, including adipogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipogenesis, but increased proinflammatory- and senescence-related genes. It should be noted that the combined partial knockdown of CBS and MPST genes also led to a significant disruption in the persulfidation pattern of the adipocyte proteins. Although among the less persulfidated proteins, we identified several relevant proteins for adipocyte adipogenesis and function, among the most persulfidated, key mediators of adipocyte inflammation and dysfunction as well as some proteins that might play a positive role in adipogenesis were found. In conclusion, the current study indicates that the combined partial elimination of CBS and MPST (but not CTH) in adipocytes affects the expression of genes related to the maintenance of adipocyte function and promotes inflammation, possibly by altering the pattern of protein persulfidation in these cells, suggesting that these enzymes were required for the functional maintenance of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain; (J.L.); (J.M.F.-R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Aroca
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain; (A.A.); (L.C.R.)
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain; (J.L.); (J.M.F.-R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Luis C. Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain; (A.A.); (L.C.R.)
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain; (J.L.); (J.M.F.-R.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-872-987087 (ext. 70)
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8
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Strohmeier K, Hofmann M, Jacak J, Narzt MS, Wahlmueller M, Mairhofer M, Schaedl B, Holnthoner W, Barsch M, Sandhofer M, Wolbank S, Priglinger E. Multi-Level Analysis of Adipose Tissue Reveals the Relevance of Perivascular Subpopulations and an Increased Endothelial Permeability in Early-Stage Lipedema. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051163. [PMID: 35625899 PMCID: PMC9138324 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipedema is a chronic, progressive disease of adipose tissue with unknown etiology. Based on the relevance of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell population in lipedema, we performed a thorough characterization of subcutaneous adipose tissue, SVF isolated thereof and the sorted populations of endothelial cells (EC), pericytes and cultured adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) of early-stage lipedema patients. We employed histological and gene expression analysis and investigated the endothelial barrier by immunofluorescence and analysis of endothelial permeability in vitro. Although there were no significant differences in histological stainings, we found altered gene expression of factors relevant for local estrogen metabolism (aromatase), preadipocyte commitment (ZNF423) and immune cell infiltration (CD11c) in lipedema on the tissue level, as well as in distinct cellular subpopulations. Machine learning analysis of immunofluorescence images of CD31 and ZO-1 revealed a morphological difference in the cellular junctions of EC cultures derived from healthy and lipedema individuals. Furthermore, the secretome of lipedema-derived SVF cells was sufficient to significantly increase leakiness of healthy human primary EC, which was also reflected by decreased mRNA expression of VE-cadherin. Here, we showed for the first time that the secretome of SVF cells creates an environment that triggers endothelial barrier dysfunction in early-stage lipedema. Moreover, since alterations in gene expression were detected on the cellular and/or tissue level, the choice of sample material is of high importance in elucidating this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Strohmeier
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (K.S.); (M.-S.N.); (M.W.); (B.S.); (W.H.); (S.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Martina Hofmann
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (J.J.)
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Science, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (J.J.)
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Science, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Marie-Sophie Narzt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (K.S.); (M.-S.N.); (M.W.); (B.S.); (W.H.); (S.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Marlene Wahlmueller
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (K.S.); (M.-S.N.); (M.W.); (B.S.); (W.H.); (S.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Mario Mairhofer
- Department of Hematology and Internal Oncology, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Barbara Schaedl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (K.S.); (M.-S.N.); (M.W.); (B.S.); (W.H.); (S.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (J.J.)
- University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holnthoner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (K.S.); (M.-S.N.); (M.W.); (B.S.); (W.H.); (S.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Martin Barsch
- Austrian Center for Lipedema, Skin Aesthetic Vein Laser Practice, 4020 Linz, Austria; (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Sandhofer
- Austrian Center for Lipedema, Skin Aesthetic Vein Laser Practice, 4020 Linz, Austria; (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (K.S.); (M.-S.N.); (M.W.); (B.S.); (W.H.); (S.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Eleni Priglinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with the AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (K.S.); (M.-S.N.); (M.W.); (B.S.); (W.H.); (S.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Pan Y, Cao S, Tang J, Arroyo JP, Terker AS, Wang Y, Niu A, Fan X, Wang S, Zhang Y, Jiang M, Wasserman DH, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Cyclooxygenase-2 in adipose tissue macrophages limits adipose tissue dysfunction in obese mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152391. [PMID: 35499079 PMCID: PMC9057601 DOI: 10.1172/jci152391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shirong Cao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Juan P. Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew S. Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yahua Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ming Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Andersen A, Knop FK, Vilsbøll T. A Pharmacological and Clinical Overview of Oral Semaglutide for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Drugs 2021; 81:1003-1030. [PMID: 33964002 PMCID: PMC8217049 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01499-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Oral semaglutide (Rybelsus®) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) with 94% homology to human GLP-1. It is the first GLP-1RA developed for oral administration, and it comprises a co-formulation of the peptide semaglutide with the absorption enhancer sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl] amino) caprylate, which overcomes the challenges of peptide absorption in the acidic conditions of the stomach. Oral semaglutide is indicated for use as an add-on combination therapy (with other glucose-lowering agents, including insulin) or as a monotherapy (in patients who are intolerant to metformin) for type 2 diabetes when diet and exercise do not provide adequate glycemic control. In an extensive phase III clinical program including patients from across the disease spectrum, treatment with oral semaglutide resulted in effective glycemic control, reductions in body weight, and decreases in systolic blood pressure when used as monotherapy or in combination with other glucose-lowering therapies. Studies showed that oral semaglutide was well tolerated, with a safety profile consistent with the GLP-1RA drug class. The risk of hypoglycemia was low, and the most common adverse events were gastrointestinal, with nausea and diarrhea generally being the most frequently reported manifestations. Cardiovascular (CV) safety was shown to be noninferior to placebo and observations suggest that the CV profile of oral semaglutide is likely to be similar to that of subcutaneous semaglutide. The evolution of the GLP-1RA class to include an oral agent could facilitate the use of these agents earlier in the diabetes treatment cascade owing to wider acceptance from patients and healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Andersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900, Gentofte, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Filip Krag Knop
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900, Gentofte, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900, Gentofte, Denmark.
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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