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Liu T, Liu Y, Yan T, Zhang B, Zhou L, Zhu W, Wang G, Kang J, Peng W, Shi L. Intermittent fasting, exercise, and dietary modification induce unique transcriptomic signatures of multiple tissues governing metabolic homeostasis during weight loss and rebound weight gain. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 130:109649. [PMID: 38642842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic diseases bring great challenges to public health. In-depth understanding on the efficacy of weight-loss interventions is critical for long-term weight control. Our study demonstrated the comparable efficacy of exercise (EX), intermittent fasting (IF), or the change of daily diet from an unhealthy to a normal chow (DR) for weight reduction, but largely divergently affected metabolic status and transcriptome of subcutaneous fat, scapular brown fat, skeletal muscles and liver in high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFHF) induced obese mice. EX and IF reduced systematic inflammation, improved glucose and lipid metabolism in liver and muscle, and amino acid metabolism and thermogenesis in adipose tissues. EX exhibited broad regulatory effects on TCA cycle, carbon metabolism, thermogenesis, propanoate-, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism across multiple tissues. IF prominently affected genes involved in mitophagy and autophagy in adipose tissues and core genes involved in butanoate metabolism in liver. DR, however, failed to improve metabolic homeostasis and biological dysfunctions in obese mice. Notably, by exploring potential inter-organ communication, we identified an obesity-resistant-like gene profile that were strongly correlated with HFHF induced metabolic derangements and could predict the degree of weight regain induced by the follow-up HFHF diet. Among them, 12 genes (e.g., Gdf15, Tfrc, Cdv3, Map2k4, and Nqo1) were causally associated with human metabolic traits, i.e., BMI, body fat mass, HbA1C, fasting glucose, and cholesterol. Our findings provide critical groundwork for improved understanding of the impacts of weight-loss interventions on host metabolism. The identified genes predicting weight regain may be considered regulatory targets for improving long-term weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Liu
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Yan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baobao Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lanqi Zhou
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanyu Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoze Wang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Kang
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Peng
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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2
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Wang H, Guo S, Gao H, Ding J, Li H, Kong X, Zhang S, He M, Feng Y, Wu W, Xu K, Chen Y, Zhang H, Liu T, Kong X. Myostatin regulates energy homeostasis through autocrine- and paracrine-mediated microenvironment communication. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178303. [PMID: 38889010 PMCID: PMC11324308 DOI: 10.1172/jci178303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) has long been recognized as a critical regulator of muscle mass. Recently, there has been increasing interest in its role in metabolism. In our study, we specifically knocked out MSTN in brown adipose tissue (BAT) from mice (MSTNΔUCP1) and found that the mice gained more weight than did controls when fed a high-fat diet, with progressive hepatosteatosis and impaired skeletal muscle activity. RNA-Seq analysis indicated signatures of mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in the MSTN-ablated BAT. Further studies demonstrated that Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was responsible for the metabolic phenotypes observed, whereas fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) contributed to the microenvironment communication between adipocytes and macrophages induced by the loss of MSTN. Moreover, the MSTN/SMAD2/3-p38 signaling pathway mediated the expression of KLF4 and FGF21 in adipocytes. In summary, our findings suggest that brown adipocyte-derived MSTN regulated BAT thermogenesis via autocrine and paracrine effects on adipocytes or macrophages, ultimately regulating systemic energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyun Li
- Department of Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muyang He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyin Zhang
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiemin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xingxing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ahmad Z, Kahloan W, Rosen ED. Transcriptional control of metabolism by interferon regulatory factors. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0. [PMID: 38769435 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) comprise a family of nine transcription factors in mammals. IRFs exert broad effects on almost all aspects of immunity but are best known for their role in the antiviral response. Over the past two decades, IRFs have been implicated in metabolic physiology and pathophysiology, partly as a result of their known functions in immune cells, but also because of direct actions in adipocytes, hepatocytes, myocytes and neurons. This Review focuses predominantly on IRF3 and IRF4, which have been the subject of the most intense investigation in this area. IRF3 is located in the cytosol and undergoes activation and nuclear translocation in response to various signals, including stimulation of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors and the cGAS-STING pathways. IRF3 promotes weight gain, primarily by inhibiting adipose thermogenesis, and also induces inflammation and insulin resistance using both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. IRF4, meanwhile, is generally pro-thermogenic and anti-inflammatory and has profound effects on lipogenesis and lipolysis. Finally, new data are emerging on the role of other IRF family members in metabolic homeostasis. Taken together, data indicate that IRFs serve as critical yet underappreciated integrators of metabolic and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunair Ahmad
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Wahab Kahloan
- AdventHealth Orlando Family Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang P, Yang X, Zhang L, Sha S, Huang J, Peng J, Gu J, Pearson JA, Hu Y, Zhao H, Wong FS, Wang Q, Wen L. Tlr9 deficiency in B cells leads to obesity by promoting inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4232. [PMID: 38762479 PMCID: PMC11102548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognizes bacterial, viral and self DNA and play an important role in immunity and inflammation. However, the role of TLR9 in obesity is less well-studied. Here, we generate B-cell-specific Tlr9-deficient (Tlr9fl/fl/Cd19Cre+/-, KO) B6 mice and model obesity using a high-fat diet. Compared with control mice, B-cell-specific-Tlr9-deficient mice exhibited increased fat tissue inflammation, weight gain, and impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Furthermore, the frequencies of IL-10-producing-B cells and marginal zone B cells were reduced, and those of follicular and germinal center B cells were increased. This was associated with increased frequencies of IFNγ-producing-T cells and increased follicular helper cells. In addition, gut microbiota from the KO mice induced a pro-inflammatory state leading to immunological and metabolic dysregulation when transferred to germ-free mice. Using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, we identify altered gut microbial communities including reduced Lachnospiraceae, which may play a role in altered metabolism in KO mice. We identify an important network involving Tlr9, Irf4 and Il-10 interconnecting metabolic homeostasis, with the function of B and T cells, and gut microbiota in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Wang
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sha Sha
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jian Peng
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jianlei Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James Alexander Pearson
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Youjia Hu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Xing X, Sun Q, Wang R, Wang Y, Wang R. Impacts of glutamate, an exercise-responsive metabolite on insulin signaling. Life Sci 2024; 341:122471. [PMID: 38301875 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Disruption of the insulin signaling pathway leads to insulin resistance (IR). IR is characterized by impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Elevated levels of circulating glutamate are correlated with metabolic indicators and may potentially predict the onset of metabolic diseases. Glutamate receptor antagonists have significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity, and improved glucose and lipid metabolism. Exercise is a well-known strategy to combat IR. The aims of our narrative review are to summarize preclinical and clinical findings to show the correlations between circulating glutamate levels, IR and metabolic diseases, discuss the causal role of excessive glutamate in IR and metabolic disturbance, and present an overview of the exercise-induced alteration in circulating glutamate levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted to identify studies on glutamate, insulin signaling, and exercise in the PubMed database. The search covered articles published from December 1955 to January 2024, using the search terms of "glutamate", "glutamic acid", "insulin signaling", "insulin resistance", "insulin sensitivity", "exercise", and "physical activity". KEY FINDINGS Elevated levels of circulating glutamate are correlated with IR. Excessive glutamate can potentially hinder the insulin signaling pathway through various mechanisms, including the activation of ectopic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Glutamate can also modify mitochondrial function through Ca2+ and induce purine degradation mediated by AMP deaminase 2. Exercise has the potential to decrease circulating levels of glutamate, which can be attributed to accelerated glutamate catabolism and enhanced glutamate uptake. SIGNIFICANCE Glutamate may act as a mediator in the exercise-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Xing
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qin Sun
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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6
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Guo S, Feng Y, Zhu X, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang R, Zhang Q, Li Y, Ren Y, Gao X, Bian H, Liu T, Gao H, Kong X. Metabolic crosstalk between skeletal muscle cells and liver through IRF4-FSTL1 in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6047. [PMID: 37770480 PMCID: PMC10539336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-organ crosstalk has gained increasing attention in recent times; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we elucidate an endocrine pathway that is regulated by skeletal muscle interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 4, which manipulates liver pathology. Skeletal muscle specific IRF4 knockout (F4MKO) mice exhibited ameliorated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, without changes in body weight, when put on a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) diet. Proteomics analysis results suggested that follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) may constitute a link between muscles and the liver. Dual luciferase assays showed that IRF4 can transcriptionally regulate FSTL1. Further, inducing FSTL1 expression in the muscles of F4MKO mice is sufficient to restore liver pathology. In addition, co-culture experiments confirmed that FSTL1 plays a distinct role in various liver cell types via different receptors. Finally, we observed that the serum FSTL1 level is positively correlated with NASH progression in humans. These data indicate a signaling pathway involving IRF4-FSTL1-DIP2A/CD14, that links skeletal muscle cells to the liver in the pathogenesis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yonghao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiongyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Tiemin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Huanqing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xingxing Kong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Feng Y, Cui Z, Lu X, Gong H, Liu X, Wang H, Cheng H, Gao H, Shi X, Li Y, Ye H, Zhang Q, Kong X. Transcriptomics Dissection of Calorie Restriction and Exercise Training in Brown Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041047. [PMID: 36839405 PMCID: PMC9966723 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) and exercise training (EX) are two critical lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle are two important organs for the generation of heat. Here, we undertook detailed transcriptional profiling of these two thermogenic tissues from mice treated subjected to CR and/or EX. We found transcriptional reprogramming of BAT and skeletal muscle as a result of CR but little from EX. Consistent with this, CR induced alterations in the expression of genes encoding adipokines and myokines in BAT and skeletal muscle, respectively. Deconvolution analysis showed differences in the subpopulations of myogenic cells, mesothelial cells and endogenic cells in BAT and in the subpopulations of satellite cells, immune cells and endothelial cells in skeletal muscle as a result of CR or EX. NicheNet analysis, exploring potential inter-organ communication, indicated that BAT and skeletal muscle could mutually regulate their fatty acid metabolism and thermogenesis through ligands and receptors. These data comprise an extensive resource for the study of thermogenic tissue molecular responses to CR and/or EX in a healthy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhicheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Precision Medicine Center, Jilin Province General Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongyu Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haoyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huanqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hongying Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qiongyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (X.K.)
| | - Xingxing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (X.K.)
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8
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Abdualkader AM, Lopaschuk GD, Al Batran R. The Double Face of IRF4 in Metabolic Reprogramming. Diabetes 2022; 71:2251-2252. [PMID: 36265015 DOI: 10.2337/dbi22-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rami Al Batran
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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