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Ladwa M, Bello O, Hakim O, Boselli ML, Shojaee-Moradie F, Umpleby AM, Peacock J, Amiel SA, Bonadonna RC, Goff LM. Exploring the determinants of ethnic differences in insulin clearance between men of Black African and White European ethnicity. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:329-337. [PMID: 34661756 PMCID: PMC8863750 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM People of Black African ancestry, who are known to be at disproportionately high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), typically exhibit lower hepatic insulin clearance compared with White Europeans. However, the mechanisms underlying this metabolic characteristic are poorly understood. We explored whether low insulin clearance in Black African (BA) men could be explained by insulin resistance, subclinical inflammation or adiponectin concentrations. METHODS BA and White European (WE) men, categorised as either normal glucose tolerant (NGT) or with T2D, were recruited to undergo the following: a mixed meal tolerance test with C-peptide modelling to determine endogenous insulin clearance; fasting serum adiponectin and cytokine profiles; a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp to measure whole-body insulin sensitivity; and magnetic resonance imaging to quantify visceral adipose tissue. RESULTS Forty BA (20 NGT and 20 T2D) and 41 WE (23 NGT and 18 T2D) men were studied. BA men had significantly lower insulin clearance (P = 0.011) and lower plasma adiponectin (P = 0.031) compared with WE men. In multiple regression analysis, ethnicity, insulin sensitivity and plasma adiponectin were independent predictors of insulin clearance, while age, visceral adiposity and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) did not significantly contribute to the variation. CONCLUSION These data suggest that adiponectin may play a direct role in the upregulation of insulin clearance beyond its insulin-sensitising properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Ladwa
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Room 3.87, Waterloo Campus, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Oluwatoyosi Bello
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Room 3.87, Waterloo Campus, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Olah Hakim
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Room 3.87, Waterloo Campus, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Maria Linda Boselli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | | | - A Margot Umpleby
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Janet Peacock
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Stephanie A Amiel
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Room 3.87, Waterloo Campus, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Riccardo C Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Louise M Goff
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Room 3.87, Waterloo Campus, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Silva-Boghossian CM, Dezonne RS. What Are the Clinical and Systemic Results of Periodontitis Treatment in Obese Individuals? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 8:48-65. [PMID: 34367878 PMCID: PMC8327900 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-021-00295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Periodontitis and obesity are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory state. Obese individuals have a higher chance of presenting periodontitis. Clinical studies in different populations demonstrate that individuals with obesity have worse periodontal conditions. This current review aims to explore recent literature to understand what the impacts of obesity on periodontal treatment outcomes are and to learn whether periodontal treatment can improve systemic biomarkers in obese individuals. Recent Findings Short- and long-term evaluations demonstrated that non-surgical periodontal treatment could improve clinical parameters in obese individuals, represented as the reduction in mean probing depth, sites with probing depth ≥ 4 mm, and extension of bleeding on probing. However, obese individuals may have less clinical improvement when compared to normal-weight individuals with a similar periodontal profile. Additionally, periodontal treatment may contribute to a reduction in systemic levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and leptin, while promoting an increase in systemic levels of adiponectin. Summary Overall, obese individuals with periodontitis can significantly benefit from non-surgical periodontal treatment. However, clinical improvements seem to be less prominent in obese individuals with periodontitis compared to non-obese individuals with similar periodontal status. Nevertheless, periodontal treatment may impact significantly on the reduction of several biochemical biomarkers of obesity with or without weight reduction. Further investigations are needed to improve our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying those findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M. Silva-Boghossian
- Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-617 Brazil
| | - Romulo S. Dezonne
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University of Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, RJ Brazil
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Liu D, Wu L, Gao Q, Long X, Hou X, Qian L, Ni J, Fang Q, Li H, Jia W. FGF21/adiponectin ratio predicts deterioration in glycemia: a 4.6-year prospective study in China. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:157. [PMID: 34321008 PMCID: PMC8320224 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21-adiponectin pathway is involved in the regulation of insulin resistance. However, the relationship between the FGF21-adiponectin pathway and type 2 diabetes in humans is unclear. Here, we investigated the association of FGF21/adiponectin ratio with deterioration in glycemia in a prospective cohort study. Methods We studied 6361 subjects recruited from the prospective Shanghai Nicheng Cohort Study in China. The association between baseline FGF21/adiponectin ratio and new-onset diabetes and incident prediabetes was evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results At baseline, FGF21/adiponectin ratio levels increased progressively with the deterioration in glycemic control from normal glucose tolerance to prediabetes and diabetes (p for trend < 0.001). Over a median follow-up of 4.6 years, 195 subjects developed new-onset diabetes and 351 subjects developed incident prediabetes. Elevated baseline FGF21/adiponectin ratio was a significant predictor of new-onset diabetes independent of traditional risk factors, especially in subjects with prediabetes (odds ratio, 1.367; p = 0.001). Moreover, FGF21/adiponectin ratio predicted incident prediabetes (odds ratio, 1.185; p = 0.021) while neither FGF21 nor adiponectin were independent predictors of incident prediabetes (both p > 0.05). Furthermore, net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement analyses showed that FGF21/adiponectin ratio provided a better performance in diabetes risk prediction than the use of FGF21 or adiponectin alone. Conclusions FGF21/adiponectin ratio independently predicted the onset of prediabetes and diabetes, with the potential to be a useful biomarker of deterioration in glycemia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-021-01351-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qiongmei Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaoxue Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lingling Qian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jiacheng Ni
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qichen Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Huating Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Black MH, Shu YH, Wu J, Koebnick C, MacKay A, Watanabe RM, Buchanan TA, Xiang AH. Longitudinal Increases in Adiposity Contribute to Worsening Adipokine Profile over Time in Mexican Americans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:703-712. [PMID: 29427376 PMCID: PMC6021026 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited studies have assessed the relationship between longitudinal changes in adiposity and changes in multiple adipokines over time. This study examined changes in BMI, total body fat, and trunk fat associated with changes in 16 circulating adipokines in Mexican Americans at risk for type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants included 1,213 individuals with cross-sectional data and a subset of 368 individuals with follow-up measures (mean 4.6 ± 1.5 years from baseline). Joint multivariate associations between 3 adiposity measures and 16 adipokines were assessed by canonical correlation analysis. RESULTS Longitudinal increases in adiposity were most strongly associated with increasing leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and decreasing adiponectin and secreted frizzled protein 5 (SFRP5) over time. Participants with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 at baseline had greater increases in leptin, CRP, IL-1Ra, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and greater decreases in adiponectin and SFRP5, associated with increasing adiposity over follow-up, than those with BMI < 30 kg/m2 . Associations between adiposity and adipokines were most accounted for by leptin; adjustment for leptin greatly reduced the magnitude of all associations between adiposity and remaining adipokines. CONCLUSIONS Increasing adiposity contributes to a worsening imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines over time, in which leptin may have an important role as a key mediator of metabolic disease risk in Mexican Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Helen Black
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Yu-Hsiang Shu
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Corinna Koebnick
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | - Adrienne MacKay
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard M. Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
- USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thomas A. Buchanan
- USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
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Wang Y, Meng RW, Kunutsor SK, Chowdhury R, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Pan A. Plasma adiponectin levels and type 2 diabetes risk: a nested case-control study in a Chinese population and an updated meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:406. [PMID: 29321603 PMCID: PMC5762808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Results from previous prospective studies assessing the relation between adiponectin and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were not entirely consistent, and evidence in Chinese population is scarce. Moreover, the last meta-analysis did not examine the impact of metabolic variables on the adiponectin-T2D association. Therefore, we prospectively evaluated the adiponectin-T2D association among 571 T2D cases and 571 age-sex-matched controls nested within the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS). Furthermore, we conducted an updated meta-analysis by searching prospective studies on Pubmed till September 2016. In the SCHS, the odds ratio of T2D, comparing the highest versus lowest tertile of adiponectin levels, was 0.30 (95% confidence interval: 0.17, 0.55) in the fully-adjusted model. The relation was stronger among heavier participants (body mass index ≥23 kg/m2) compared to their leaner counterparts (P for interaction = 0.041). In a meta-analysis of 34 prospective studies, the pooled relative risk was 0.53 (95% confidence interval: 0.47, 0.61) comparing the extreme tertiles of adiponectin with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 48.7%, P = 0.001). The adiponectin-T2D association remained unchanged after adjusting for inflammation and dyslipidemia markers, but substantially attenuated with adjustment for insulin sensitivity and/or glycaemia markers. Overall evidence indicates that higher adiponectin levels are associated with decreased T2D risk in Chinese and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeli Wang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui-Wei Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Setor K Kunutsor
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Avilés-Santa ML, Colón-Ramos U, Lindberg NM, Mattei J, Pasquel FJ, Pérez CM. From Sea to Shining Sea and the Great Plains to Patagonia: A Review on Current Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and Latin America. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:298. [PMID: 29176960 PMCID: PMC5687125 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed many advances in the prevention, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Increased screening has led to a greater recognition of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and prediabetes; however, Hispanics/Latinos, the largest minority group in the US, have not fully benefited from these advances. The Hispanic/Latino population is highly diverse in ancestries, birth places, cultures, languages, and socioeconomic backgrounds, and it populates most of the Western Hemisphere. In the US, the prevalence of DM varies among Hispanic/Latino heritage groups, being higher among Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Dominicans, and lower among South Americans. The risk and prevalence of diabetes among Hispanics/Latinos are significantly higher than in non-Hispanic Whites, and nearly 40% of Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes have not been formally diagnosed. Despite these striking facts, the representation of Hispanics/Latinos in pharmacological and non-pharmacological clinical trials has been suboptimal, while the prevalence of diabetes in these populations continues to rise. This review will focus on the epidemiology, etiology and prevention of type 2 DM in populations of Latin American origin. We will set the stage by defining the terms Hispanic, Latino, and Latin American, explaining the challenges identifying Hispanics/Latinos in the scientific literature and databases, describing the epidemiology of diabetes-including type 2 DM and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)-and cardiovascular risk factors in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and Latin America, and discussing trends, and commonalities and differences across studies and populations, including methodology to ascertain diabetes. We will discuss studies on mechanisms of disease, and research on prevention of type 2 DM in Hispanics/Latinos, including women with GDM, youth and adults; and finalize with a discussion on lessons learned and opportunities to enhance research, and, consequently, clinical care oriented toward preventing type 2 DM in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Larissa Avilés-Santa
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Uriyoán Colón-Ramos
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nangel M. Lindberg
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francisco J. Pasquel
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Cynthia M. Pérez
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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7
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Neville CE, Patterson CC, Linden GJ, Love K, McKinley MC, Kee F, Blankenberg S, Evans A, Yarnell J, Woodside JV. The relationship between adipokines and the onset of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men: The PRIME study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 120:24-30. [PMID: 27500548 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Epidemiological evidence suggests that adipokines may be associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes, but the evidence to date is limited and inconclusive. This study examined the association between adiponectin and leptin and the subsequent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in a UK population based cohort of non-diabetic middle-aged men. METHODS Baseline serum levels of leptin and adiponectin were measured in 1839 non-diabetic men aged 50-60years who were participating in the prospective population-based PRIME study. Over a mean follow-up of 14.7years, new cases of type 2 diabetes were determined from self-reported clinical information with subsequent validation by general practitioners. RESULTS 151 Participants developed type 2 diabetes during follow-up. In Cox regression models adjusted for age, men in the top third of the leptin distribution were at increased risk (hazard ratio (HR) 4.27, 95% CI 2.67-6.83) and men in the top third of the adiponectin distribution at reduced risk (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.14-0.42) relative to men in the bottom third. However, significance was lost for leptin after additional adjustment for BMI, waist to hip ratio, lifestyle factors and biological risk factors, including C-reactive protein (CRP). Further adjustment for HOMA-IR also resulted in loss of significance for adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that adipokines are associated with men's future type 2 diabetes risk but not independently of other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Neville
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher C Patterson
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Gerard J Linden
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Karl Love
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Michelle C McKinley
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of Medicine II, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alun Evans
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - John Yarnell
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Science B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom.
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Pereira RI, Low Wang CC, Wolfe P, Havranek EP, Long CS, Bessesen DH. Associations of Adiponectin with Adiposity, Insulin Sensitivity, and Diet in Young, Healthy, Mexican Americans and Non-Latino White Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 13:ijerph13010054. [PMID: 26703682 PMCID: PMC4730445 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Low circulating adiponectin levels may contribute to higher diabetes risk among Mexican Americans (MA) compared to non-Latino whites (NLW). Our objective was to determine if among young healthy adult MAs have lower adiponectin than NLWs, independent of differences in adiposity. In addition, we explored associations between adiponectin and diet. This was an observational, cross-sectional study of healthy MA and NLW adults living in Colorado (U.S.A.). We measured plasma total adiponectin, adiposity (BMI, and visceral adipose tissue), insulin sensitivity (IVGTT), and self-reported dietary intake in 43 MA and NLW adults. Mean adiponectin levels were 40% lower among MA than NLW (5.8 ± 3.3 vs. 10.7 ± 4.2 µg/mL, p = 0.0003), and this difference persisted after controlling for age, sex, BMI, and visceral adiposity. Lower adiponectin in MA was associated with lower insulin sensitivity (R2 = 0.42, p < 0.01). Lower adiponectin was also associated with higher dietary glycemic index, lower intake of vegetables, higher intake of trans fat, and higher intake of grains. Our findings confirm that ethnic differences in adiponectin reflect differences in insulin sensitivity, but suggest that these are not due to differences in adiposity. Observed associations between adiponectin and diet support the need for future studies exploring the regulation of adiponectin by diet and other environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio I Pereira
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO 80204, USA.
| | | | - Pamela Wolfe
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | | | - Carlin S Long
- Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO 80204, USA.
| | - Daniel H Bessesen
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO 80204, USA.
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Kuo JZ, Guo X, Klein R, Klein BE, Genter P, Roll K, Hai Y, Goodarzi MO, Rotter JI, Chen YDI, Ipp E. Adiponectin, Insulin Sensitivity and Diabetic Retinopathy in Latinos With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:3348-55. [PMID: 26020763 PMCID: PMC4570164 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance and chronic inflammation are key elements in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that similar mechanisms could have a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), an important microvascular complication in Latinos with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional, family-based, observational cohort study. PATIENTS Latino subjects with type 2 diabetes (n = 507), ascertained in families via a proband with known diabetes duration of 10 years or more and/or with DR, were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum adiponectin was measured and insulin sensitivity was estimated using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). DR was assessed by seven-field digital fundus photography and graded using the modified Airlie House classification and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Scale (range of severity levels, 10-85). RESULTS Fasting adiponectin concentrations were elevated in patients with DR compared to those without (12.9 ± 0.5 vs 10.5 ± 0.5 μg/mL; P = .0004) and remained significant after adjusting for multiple covariates (age, gender, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetes duration, statin use, blood pressure, and renal function; P = .013 to .018). Adiponectin was also positively correlated with severity of DR in patients with nonproliferative DR (P < .0003), significant also after all covariate adjustments (P = .018). When the proliferative DR group was included, this relationship was attenuated by adjustments, possibly an influence of estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction in the proliferative DR group. HOMA-IR was not different in the DR and non-DR groups. Although elevated, adiponectin retained a typical inverse relationship with HOMA-IR in DR, similar to that seen in the non-DR group. CONCLUSIONS Serum adiponectin is elevated in DR, is positively correlated with DR severity in Latinos with type 2 diabetes, and maintains a relationship to insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin, whether as a marker or biological mediator, may play an important role in DR, which appears to be independent of its relationship to insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Z Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.Z.K.), Shiley Eye Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Pathway Genomics Corporation (J.Z.K.), San Diego, California 92121; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences (X.G., K.R., Y.H., J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.K., B.E.K.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726; Section of Diabetes and Metabolism (P.G., E.I.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.O.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.Z.K.), Shiley Eye Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Pathway Genomics Corporation (J.Z.K.), San Diego, California 92121; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences (X.G., K.R., Y.H., J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.K., B.E.K.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726; Section of Diabetes and Metabolism (P.G., E.I.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.O.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.Z.K.), Shiley Eye Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Pathway Genomics Corporation (J.Z.K.), San Diego, California 92121; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences (X.G., K.R., Y.H., J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.K., B.E.K.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726; Section of Diabetes and Metabolism (P.G., E.I.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.O.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Barbara E Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.Z.K.), Shiley Eye Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Pathway Genomics Corporation (J.Z.K.), San Diego, California 92121; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences (X.G., K.R., Y.H., J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.K., B.E.K.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726; Section of Diabetes and Metabolism (P.G., E.I.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.O.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Pauline Genter
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.Z.K.), Shiley Eye Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Pathway Genomics Corporation (J.Z.K.), San Diego, California 92121; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences (X.G., K.R., Y.H., J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.K., B.E.K.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726; Section of Diabetes and Metabolism (P.G., E.I.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.O.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Kathryn Roll
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.Z.K.), Shiley Eye Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Pathway Genomics Corporation (J.Z.K.), San Diego, California 92121; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences (X.G., K.R., Y.H., J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.K., B.E.K.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726; Section of Diabetes and Metabolism (P.G., E.I.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.O.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Yang Hai
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.Z.K.), Shiley Eye Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Pathway Genomics Corporation (J.Z.K.), San Diego, California 92121; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences (X.G., K.R., Y.H., J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.K., B.E.K.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726; Section of Diabetes and Metabolism (P.G., E.I.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.O.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.Z.K.), Shiley Eye Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Pathway Genomics Corporation (J.Z.K.), San Diego, California 92121; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences (X.G., K.R., Y.H., J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.K., B.E.K.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726; Section of Diabetes and Metabolism (P.G., E.I.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.O.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.Z.K.), Shiley Eye Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Pathway Genomics Corporation (J.Z.K.), San Diego, California 92121; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences (X.G., K.R., Y.H., J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.K., B.E.K.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726; Section of Diabetes and Metabolism (P.G., E.I.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.O.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.Z.K.), Shiley Eye Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Pathway Genomics Corporation (J.Z.K.), San Diego, California 92121; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences (X.G., K.R., Y.H., J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.K., B.E.K.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726; Section of Diabetes and Metabolism (P.G., E.I.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.O.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Eli Ipp
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.Z.K.), Shiley Eye Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Pathway Genomics Corporation (J.Z.K.), San Diego, California 92121; Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences (X.G., K.R., Y.H., J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (R.K., B.E.K.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726; Section of Diabetes and Metabolism (P.G., E.I.), Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (M.O.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
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Darabi H, Raeisi A, Kalantarhormozi MR, Ostovar A, Assadi M, Asadipooya K, Vahdat K, Dobaradaran S, Nabipour I. Adiponectin as a Protective Factor Against the Progression Toward Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Postmenopausal Women. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1347. [PMID: 26287420 PMCID: PMC4616451 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum adiponectin levels have been suggested to be predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in diverse populations. However, the relationship between circulating adiponectin levels and the risk of development of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women has not been investigated.A total of 382 healthy postmenopausal women who participated in a prospective cohort study were followed for 5.8 years. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was defined according to the criteria set out by the American Diabetes Association. Adiponectin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured using ELISA.Of 195 women who did not have diabetes at baseline and who were reexamined in the second phase of the study for diabetic status, 35 subjects (17.9%) developed type 2 diabetes mellitus during the 5.8 years follow-up period. The women with type 2 diabetes had lower adiponectin levels than the healthy postmenopausal women. Multiple regression analysis showed that, after adjustments were made for age, cardiovascular risk factors, OPG, and hs-CRP levels, higher baseline adiponectin levels were associated with a lower relative risk (RR) of having type 2 (RR = 0.07, confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.66, P = 0.021).Higher baseline adiponectin levels functioned as a predictor of a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among postmenopausal women during a 5.8 years follow-up study. Therefore, it is suggested that elevated adiponectin levels may offer protection against the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus after the menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Darabi
- From the Department of Endocrine Disorders, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran (HD, MRK, IN); Department of Infectious Diseases, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran (AR, AO, KV); The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran (MA); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU, New York, USA (KA); Department on Internal Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU, New York, USA (KA); and Department of Biochemistry, The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran (SD)
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11
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Jaakkola JM, Pahkala K, Viitala M, Rönnemaa T, Viikari J, Niinikoski H, Lagström H, Jula A, Simell O, Raitakari O. Association of Adiponectin with Adolescent Cardiovascular Health in a Dietary Intervention Study. J Pediatr 2015; 167:353-60.e1. [PMID: 25982143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether an infancy-onset, low saturated fat-oriented dietary intervention influences serum adiponectin concentration in adolescents, and to study the association of adiponectin with subclinical markers of vascular health, and cardio-metabolic risk factors. STUDY DESIGN The longitudinal, randomized Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project aimed to modify child's dietary fat quality replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat. Serum adiponectin (n = 521) along with weight, height, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides, and insulin were measured at age 15 years. Adiposity was assessed using body mass index, waist circumference, and abdominal fat thickness measured with ultrasound. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to International Diabetes Foundation criteria. Vascular ultrasound measures including carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were assessed. RESULTS Adiponectin concentrations were similar in the intervention and control groups (P = .16). Adiponectin associated with carotid IMT (r = -0.13, P = .005), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.18, P < .0001), triglycerides (r = -0.16, P = .0004), CRP (r = -0.10, P = .02), insulin (r = -0.14, P = .002), and adiposity (r = -0.18-0.24, P ≤ .0001). When adjusted for adiposity indices, the association with carotid IMT was only marginally diluted (P = .03-.06), but the associations with insulin and CRP became nonsignificant. Adolescents with adiponectin ≤median had 4-fold risk of metabolic syndrome than peers with adiponectin >median (CI 1.8-10.2, P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS In healthy adolescents, low serum adiponectin is related with carotid IMT and metabolic syndrome. We found no evidence that repeated low saturated fat-oriented dietary counseling would influence serum adiponectin in adolescence. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00223600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Jaakkola
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Center, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marika Viitala
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Simell
- Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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12
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Gaillard TR, Osei K. Racial Disparities in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and its Subtypes in the African Diaspora: A New Paradigm. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2015; 3:117-28. [PMID: 26896111 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-015-0121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The global epidemic of diabetes has extended to the developing countries including Sub-Sahara Africa. In this context, blacks with type 2 diabetes in the African Diaspora continue to manifest 1.5-2 times higher prevalent rates than in their white counterparts. Previous studies have demonstrated that blacks with and without type 2 diabetes have alterations in hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, and hepatic insulin clearance as well as hepatic glucose dysregulation when compared to whites. In addition, non-diabetic blacks in the African Diaspora manifest multiple metabolic mediators that predict type 2 diabetes and its subtypes. These pathogenic modifiers include differences in subclinical inflammation, oxidative stress burden, and adipocytokines in blacks in the African Diaspora prior to clinical diagnosis. Consequently, blacks in the African Diaspora manifest subtypes of type 2 diabetes, including ketosis-prone diabetes and J type diabetes. Given the diversity of type 2 diabetes in blacks in the African Diaspora, we hypothesize that blacks manifest multiple early pathogenic defects prior to the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and its subtypes. These metabolic alterations have strong genetic component, which appears to play pivotal and primary role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its subtypes in blacks in the African Diaspora. However, environmental factors must also be considered as major contributors to the higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its subtypes in blacks in the African Diaspora. These multiple alterations should be targets for early prevention of type 2 diabetes in blacks in the African Diaspora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy R Gaillard
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 561 McCampbell Hall, South, 1581 Dodd Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Kwame Osei
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 561 McCampbell Hall, 5th Floor South, 1581 Dodd Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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13
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Association of adiponectin with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in African American men and women: the Jackson Heart Study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015; 15:13. [PMID: 25885320 PMCID: PMC4354999 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-015-0005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adiponectin is a biomarker that is associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Lower circulating level is a risk factor. Higher levels are protective. African Americans have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension and lower levels of adiponectin when compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Little is known about the association of adiponectin on these health outcomes among African Americans. The purpose of the study was to assess the association of adiponectin on type 2 diabetes and hypertension likelihood among African American men and women in the Jackson Heart Study. Methods Separate multivariate logistic regressions were conducted stratified by sex based on cross-sectional data with type 2 diabetes and hypertension as the outcomes. Adiponectin was divided into four quartiles with the highest quartile as the reference. Data was collected from 2000-2004 on 3,663 participants. Data analysis was conducted in calendar year 2014. Two- tailed P < .05 was established as level of significance. Results In the adjusted multivariate models, adiponectin level was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes among women (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47, [1.02, 2.11], P = .04). There was no association among men. Women with the lowest level of adiponectin were less likely to be hypertensive (OR, 95% CI = 0.66, [0.46, 0.95], p = .02). There was no association among men. Conclusion Findings reveal differential associations between levels of adiponectin with type 2 diabetes and hypertension likelihood among African American women. More research is needed to elucidate this differential association.
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Jung CC, Tsai YS, Chang CC, Cheng TJ, Chang CW, Liu PY, Chiu YJ, Su HJ. Allergen exposure induces adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:104-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Circulating adiponectin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese. Nutr Diabetes 2014; 4:e130. [PMID: 25133442 PMCID: PMC4151175 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2014.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. Prospective studies have consistently shown a lower risk of type 2 diabetes among those with higher circulating adiponectin levels. Objective: We examined prospectively the association between serum adiponectin levels and type 2 diabetes risk among Japanese workers, taking visceral fat mass into account. Subjects and methods: Subjects were 4591 Japanese employees who attended a comprehensive health screening in 2008; had biochemical data including serum adiponectin; were free of diabetes at baseline; and received health screening in 2011. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between adiponectin and incidence of diabetes among overall subjects, as well as subgroups. Stratified analyses were carried out according to variables including visceral fat area (VFA). Results: During 3 years of follow-up, 217 diabetic cases were newly identified. Of these, 87% had a prediabetes at baseline. Serum adiponectin level was significantly, inversely associated with incidence of diabetes, with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, sex, family history, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity and body mass index (BMI) for the lowest through highest quartile of adiponectin of 1 (reference), 0.79 (0.55–1.12), 0.60 (0.41–0.88) and 0.40 (0.25–0.64), respectively (P-value for trend <0.01). This association was materially unchanged with adjustment for VFA instead of BMI. After further adjustment for both homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and hemoglobin A1c, however, the association became statistically nonsignificant (P-value for trend=0.18). Risk reduction associated with higher adiponectin levels was observed in both participants with and without obesity or insulin resistance at baseline. Conclusions: Results suggest that higher levels of circulating adiponectin are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, independently of overall and intra-abdominal fat deposition, and that adiponectin may confer a benefit in both persons with and without insulin resistance.
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McManus R, Summers K, de Vrijer B, Cohen N, Thompson A, Giroux I. Maternal, umbilical arterial and umbilical venous 25-hydroxyvitamin D and adipocytokine concentrations in pregnancies with and without gestational diabetes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80:635-41. [PMID: 24102192 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with inflammation as well as Vitamin D insufficiency. While Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory properties, relationships between Vitamin D and inflammatory markers remain unexplored in GDM. Therefore, this case--control study investigated adipocytokine and Vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and correlations in GDM and control women, as well as their neonates. DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS/MEASUREMENTS seventy-three women participated: 36 GDM and 37 controls. Maternal samples were drawn at 31 weeks. Umbilical arterial and venous samples were collected at birth. 25(OH)D and adipocytokine concentrations were compared for GDM vs control maternal, umbilical arterial and venous samples. Correlations were explored between biochemical results, maternal and neonatal demographics. RESULTS Compared with age- and weight-matched control participants, GDM women had significantly lower concentrations of 25(OH)D (77·3 ± 24·3 vs 93·2 ± 19·2 nm/l; P = 0·009); adiponectin (17·5 ± 11·8 vs 34·1 ± 20·3 μg/ml, P < 0·001); resistin (25·4 ± 9·1 vs 31·9 ± 12·1 ng/ml, P = 0·045); and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 13·9 ± 10·0 vs 21·0 ± 12·6 ng/ml, P = 0·038), while delivering 1 week earlier (38·2 ± 1·2 vs 39·5 ± 0·9 weeks, P < 0·001). GDM maternal 25(OH)D concentrations positively correlated with PAI-1, IL-8 and TNF-α concentrations. Umbilical 25(OH)D concentrations were not significantly different in GDM vs control offspring, whereas adiponectin, resistin and PAI-1 concentrations were significantly lower in GDM offspring. CONCLUSIONS GDM women had lower 25(OH)D concentrations than controls, while neonatal umbilical concentrations of 25(OH)D did not differ. GDM maternal and GDM offspring had lower adiponectin, resistin and PAI-1 concentrations compared with controls. Results suggest that both GDM women and their offspring demonstrate abnormal adipocytokine patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth McManus
- Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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17
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Song J, Lee WT, Park KA, Lee JE. Association between risk factors for vascular dementia and adiponectin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:261672. [PMID: 24860814 PMCID: PMC4016875 DOI: 10.1155/2014/261672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia is caused by various factors, including increased age, diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and stroke. Adiponectin is an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue. Adiponectin is widely known as a regulating factor related to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Adiponectin plasma levels decrease with age. Decreased adiponectin increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Adiponectin improves hypertension and atherosclerosis by acting as a vasodilator and antiatherogenic factor. Moreover, adiponectin is involved in cognitive dysfunction via modulation of insulin signal transduction in the brain. Case-control studies demonstrate the association between low adiponectin and increased risk of stroke, hypertension, and diabetes. This review summarizes the recent findings on the association between risk factors for vascular dementia and adiponectin. To emphasize this relationship, we will discuss the importance of research regarding the role of adiponectin in vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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Lee JJ, Beretvas SN, Freeland-Graves JH. Abdominal adiposity distribution in diabetic/prediabetic and nondiabetic populations: a meta-analysis. J Obes 2014; 2014:697264. [PMID: 25525511 PMCID: PMC4261846 DOI: 10.1155/2014/697264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess fat in the abdomen can be classified generally as visceral and subcutaneous adiposity. Evidence suggests that visceral adiposity has greater implications for diabetes than other fat depots. The purpose of this study is to explore the disparities in the distribution of abdominal adiposity in diabetic/prediabetic and nondiabetic populations and to identify moderators that influence the pattern of central obesity via a meta-analysis technique. The Hedges' g was used as a measure of effect size and 95% confidence interval was computed. A total of 41 relevant studies with 101 effect sizes were retrieved. Pooled effect sizes for visceral and subcutaneous adiposity were 0.69 and 0.42, respectively. Diabetic/prediabetic populations exhibited greater visceral and subcutaneous adiposity compared to nondiabetic populations (Z = 10.35, P < 0.05). Significant moderator effects of gender (Z = -2.90) and assessment method of abdominal adiposity (Z = -2.17) were found for visceral fat (P < 0.05), but not for subcutaneous fat. Type of health condition influenced both visceral (Z = -5.10) and subcutaneous (Z = -7.09) abdominal adiposity volumes (P < 0.05). Abdominal adiposity distributions were significantly altered in the diabetic/prediabetic population compared to the nondiabetic population. Gender, assessment method of abdominal adiposity, and type of health conditions (diabetic/prediabetics) were identified as crucial moderators that influence the degree of abdominal adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane J. Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A2703, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - S. Natasha Beretvas
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station D5800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jeanne H. Freeland-Graves
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A2703, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- *Jeanne H. Freeland-Graves:
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An SS, Palmer ND, Hanley AJG, Ziegler JT, Brown WM, Freedman BI, Register TC, Rotter JI, Guo X, Chen YDI, Wagenknecht LE, Langefeld CD, Bowden DW. Genetic analysis of adiponectin variation and its association with type 2 diabetes in African Americans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:E721-9. [PMID: 23512866 PMCID: PMC3690163 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that has been implicated in a variety of metabolic disorders, including T2D and cardiovascular disease. Studies evaluating genetic variants in ADIPOQ have been contradictory when testing association with T2D in different ethnic groups. DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, 18 SNPs in ADIPOQ were tested for association with plasma adiponectin levels and diabetes status. SNPs were examined in two independent African-American cohorts (nmax = 1,116) from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS) and the African American-Diabetes Heart Study (AA-DHS). RESULTS Five polymorphisms were nominally associated with plasma adiponectin levels in the meta-analysis (P = 0.035-1.02 × 10(-6) ) including a low frequency arginine to cysteine mutation (R55C) which reduced plasma adiponectin levels to <15% of the mean. Variants were then tested for association with T2D in a meta-analysis of these and the Wake Forest T2D case-control study (n = 3,233 T2D, 2645 non-T2D). Association with T2D was not observed (P ≥ 0.08), suggesting limited influence of ADIPOQ variants on T2D risk. CONCLUSIONS Despite identification of variants associated with adiponectin levels, a detailed genetic analysis of ADIPOQ revealed no association with T2D risk. This puts into question the role of adiponectin in T2D pathogenesis: whether low adiponectin levels are truly causal for or rather a consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sandy An
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest
School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Nicholette D. Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest
School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Anthony J. G. Hanley
- Nutritional Sciences, Medicine, and Dalla Lana School of Public
Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie T. Ziegler
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of
Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - W. Mark Brown
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of
Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Thomas C. Register
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles,
CA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles,
CA
| | - Y.-D. Ida Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles,
CA
| | - Lynne E. Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of
Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest
School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC
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Lindberg S, Jensen JS, Bjerre M, Pedersen SH, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A, Galatius S, Jeppesen J, Mogelvang R. Adiponectin, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2013; 22:276-83. [PMID: 24265290 DOI: 10.1177/2047487313514894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is viewed as an insulin-sensitizing hormone with anti-inflammatory effects. In accordance, plasma adiponectin is decreased in metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, in spite of the apparently beneficially effects, recent data from large prospective studies have consistently linked high adiponectin levels with increased cardiovascular (CV) disease and mortality, thus questioning the positive view on adiponectin. Accordingly, we investigated the relationship between adiponectin, incident T2DM and subsequently CV events. METHODS We prospectively followed 5349 randomly selected men and women from the community, without T2DM or CV disease. Plasma adiponectin was measured at study entry. Median follow-up time was 8.5 years (IQR 8.0-9.1 years). During follow up, 136 participants developed T2DM. Following their diagnosis, 36 of the 136 participants experienced a CV event (myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, or CV death). RESULTS Participants with increasing adiponectin had reduced risk of developing T2DM (p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding risk factors (including age, gender, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, blood glucose, HbA1c, blood pressure, lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, competing risk Cox-regression analysis identified adiponectin as an independent predictor of T2DM: hazard ratio (HR) for each doubling of adiponectin 0.55 (95% CI 0.41-0.74; p < 0.001). After development of T2DM, the risk of a CV event more than doubled. Increasing adiponectin (adjusted for the confounding risk factors mentioned) was associated with reduced risk of CV events: HR 0.34 (95% CI 0.16-0.72; p = 0.005) for each doubling in plasma adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, increasing plasma adiponectin is associated with decreased risk of T2DM and subsequently reduced risk of CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Lindberg
- Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Jensen
- Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Frystyk
- Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Allan Flyvbjerg
- Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Jeppesen
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Mogelvang
- Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Lopez R, Agullo P, Lakshmanaswamy R. Links between obesity, diabetes and ethnic disparities in breast cancer among Hispanic populations. Obes Rev 2013; 14:679-91. [PMID: 23611507 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women worldwide and is a growing concern due to rising incidence and ongoing ethnic disparities in both incidence and mortality. A number of factors likely contribute to these trends including rising rates of obesity and diabetes across the globe and differences in genetic predisposition. Here, we emphasize Hispanic populations and summarize what is currently known about obesity, diabetes and individual genetic predisposition as they relate to ethnic disparities in breast cancer incidence and mortality. In addition, we discuss potential contributions to breast cancer aetiology from molecular mechanisms associated with obesity and diabetes including dyslipidemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, endocrine dysfunction and inflammation. We propose that unique differences in diet and lifestyle coupled with individual genetic predisposition and endocrine/immune dysfunction explain most of the ethnic disparities seen in breast cancer incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lopez
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Center of Excellence in Diabetes Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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22
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An SS, Palmer ND, Hanley AJG, Ziegler JT, Brown WM, Haffner SM, Norris JM, Rotter JI, Guo X, Chen YDI, Wagenknecht LE, Langefeld CD, Bowden DW. Estimating the contributions of rare and common genetic variations and clinical measures to a model trait: adiponectin. Genet Epidemiol 2012; 37:13-24. [PMID: 23032297 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Common genetic variation frequently accounts for only a modest amount of interindividual variation in quantitative traits and complex disease susceptibility. Circulating adiponectin, an adipocytokine implicated in metabolic disease, is a model for assessing the contribution of genetic and clinical factors to quantitative trait variation. The adiponectin locus, ADIPOQ, is the primary source of genetically mediated variation in plasma adiponectin levels. This study sought to define the genetic architecture of ADIPOQ in the comprehensively phenotyped Hispanic (n = 1,151) and African American (n = 574) participants from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS). Through resequencing and bioinformatic analysis, rare/low frequency (<5% MAF) and common variants (>5% MAF) in ADIPOQ were identified. Genetic variants and clinical variables were assessed for association with adiponectin levels and contribution to adiponectin variance in the Hispanic and African American cohorts. Clinical traits accounted for the greatest proportion of variance (POV) at 31% (P = 1.16 × 10-(47)) and 47% (P = 5.82 × 10-(20)), respectively. Rare/low frequency variants contributed more than common variants to variance in Hispanics: POV = 18% (P = 6.40 × 10-(15)) and POV = 5% (P = 0.19), respectively. In African Americans, rare/low frequency and common variants both contributed approximately equally to variance: POV = 6% (P = 5.44 × 10-(12)) and POV = 9% (P = 1.44 × 10-(10)), respectively. Importantly, single low frequency alleles in each ethnic group were as important as, or more important than, common variants in explaining variation in adiponectin. Cumulatively, these clinical and ethnicity-specific genetic contributors explained half or more of the variance in Hispanic and African Americans and provide new insight into the sources of variation for this important adipocytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sandy An
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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