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Association between lifestyle factors and the risk of metabolic syndrome in the South Korea. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13356. [PMID: 35922546 PMCID: PMC9349207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between lifestyle factors and metabolic syndrome risk in South Korean adults. Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018 data were used. The study included 6,995 subjects (2835 male; 4,160 female). Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between the lifestyle factors, including sedentary time, sleep duration, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and dietary intake. Metabolic syndrome prevalence in healthy adults was 25.6% and 12.4% in men and women, respectively. Male with over four lifestyle risk factors had a higher OR for metabolic syndrome risk (over four lifestyle factors: OR 1.97, CI 1.18–3.27). Female with more than one lifestyle risk factor had a higher OR for metabolic syndrome risk (one lifestyle factor: OR 1.58, CI 1.10–2.28; two lifestyle factors: OR 2.08, CI 1.39–3.11; three lifestyle factors: OR 1.94, CI 1.20–3.13). In particular, female with more lifestyle factors had increased likelihood of abdominal obesity, hypertension, and high triglycerides. Male with more lifestyle factors had increased likelihood of high triglycerides. Sedentary time was significantly associated with increased metabolic syndrome in male and female. This study found a significant association between the number of lifestyle risk factors and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. The greater the number of lifestyle risk factors, the higher the risk of metabolic syndrome in both sexes. People with a greater number of poor lifestyle behaviors tended to exhibit increased likelihood of especially elevated triglyceride levels.
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Socioeconomic Inequalities in Metabolic Syndrome by Age and Gender in a Spanish Working Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910333. [PMID: 34639628 PMCID: PMC8508307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lower socio-economic status (SES) is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence, possibly affecting women more than men, although evidence in Spain is still limited. The present cross-sectional study analyzed the association between MS and SES by age and gender among 42,146 working adults living in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Prevalence was higher in men (9.4% by ATP-III; 12.3% by IDF) than women (3.8% by ATP-III; 5.7% by IDF) and in the lower social class (7.9% by ATP-III; 10.7% by IDF) than the higher (4.1% by ATP-III; 5.9% by IDF). The SES gradient in MS prevalence was larger in women (PR 95% CI: 3.38, 2.50–4.58 by ATP-III; 3.06, 2.43–3.86 by IDF) than in men (1.23, 1.06–1.41 by ATP-III; 1.15, 1.03–1.30 by IDF) and was already evident from early adulthood, reaching the highest ratio at the late stages of middle adulthood (4.34, 1.11–16.98). Among men, it was significant during the late stages of early adulthood only (1.80, 1.19–2.73). Lower SES influenced MS prevalence in both genders, however, women seemed more affected than men. From a public health perspective, SES could be strongly associated with the burden of MS; in an effort to reduce its prevalence, public health policies should focus on gender differences in socio-economic inequality and consider women with low socio-economic resources as a priority.
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Moradi Y, Albatineh AN, Mahmoodi H, Gheshlagh RG. The relationship between depression and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 7:4. [PMID: 33648597 PMCID: PMC7923824 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-021-00117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The link between metabolic syndrome and depression has always been controversial. Different studies that have examined the relationship between metabolic syndrome and depression have reported different results. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine the association between depression and MetS by meta-analysis. Methods Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and ISI were searched for publications in English from January 1990 to February 2020. Search included cohort and cross-sectional studies aimed at examining the association between depression and MetS. The risk of bias was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity and publication bias were tested, subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted. Results 49 studies with total sample size 399,494 were analyzed. Results indicated the odds of MetS was higher in depressed compared to non-depressed individuals [OR: 1.48; 95 %CI: 1.33–1.64) vs. (OR: 1.38; 95 %CI: 1.17–1.64)]. For cross-sectional studies, depressed patients in Europe (OR = 1.35; 95 %CI: 1.47–1.99) were at higher odds of MetS compared to those in America and Asia. For cohort studies, depressed patients in America (OR = 1.46; 95 %CI: 1.16–1.84) were at higher odds of MetS than those in Europe. Cross-sectional studies indicated women with depression were at higher odds of MetS (OR = 1.95; 95 %CI: 1.38–2.74) compared to men. In both types of studies, the odds of MetS decreased with age. Conclusions Metabolic syndrome is more common in depressed compared to non-depressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ahmed N Albatineh
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hassan Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Spiritual Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Costa ACDO, Duarte YADO, Andrade FBD. Metabolic syndrome: physical inactivity and socioeconomic inequalities among non-institutionalized Brazilian elderly. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2020; 23:e200046. [PMID: 32491048 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), physical activity and socioeconomic conditions among non-institutionalized elderly individuals. METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional study with, elderly individuals (≥ 60) living in the city of São Paulo. MetS was evaluated by means of the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria, the Adult Treatment Panel III. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, followed by multiple logistic regression with a 5% significance level. An attributable fraction (AF) and a proportional attributable fraction (PAF) were calculated in relation to physical activity. The magnitude of the socioeconomic inequalities was evaluated using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII). RESULTS The prevalence of MetS was 40.1%, and 23.3% of the individuals had at least one MetS' component. Physically inactive elderly had higher chances of having MetS. The prevalence of MetS was higher among those with lower education levels in both absolute and relative terms. AF and PAF were significant among the inactive individuals and for the total population. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that physical activity and schooling are significantly associated with MetS, highlighting the importance of these factors for the control of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina de Oliveira Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisa René Rachou, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Coexistence of metabolic syndrome and osteopenia associated with social inequalities and unhealthy lifestyle among postmenopausal women in South Korea: the 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:668-678. [PMID: 32464045 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis (OP) among postmenopausal women has been rapidly increasing. We examined the associations between socioeconomic status-related factors, unhealthy lifestyle, and the coexistence of MetS and osteopenia or OP. METHODS One thousand nine hundred ninety-one postmenopausal women aged 45 to 65 years were used to select a representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized South Korean population from the 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Women were grouped as neither MetS nor OP (normal), MetS, OP, and both MetS and OP (MetS + OP). Socioeconomic status (education, household income, place of residence, employment status), health-related behaviors (physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking), and diet-related factors (intake of nutrients and food groups, eating habits, food insecurity) were obtained. Logistic regression models were used to examine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The prevalence of MetS + OP was 32.5%. The average number of MetS risk factors in MetS + OP was 3.5, higher than that of normal and OP groups (P < 0.001). Bone mineral density at all sites was significantly lower in MetS + OP than normal and MetS groups (P < 0.001). Also, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, riboflavin, and niacin levels were lowest in the MetS + OP group compared with the three other groups (P < 0.05). After controlling for covariates, low-income and low-education women were more likely to have MetS + OP (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.04-3.72); high-income and high-education group was 70% less likely to have MetS + OP (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10-0.86) compared with the middle-income and middle-education group. CONCLUSIONS Social inequalities might be powerful contributors in Korean postmenopausal women with coexistence of MetS and OP. Therefore, social and political perspective approaches are required in this population for prevention and treatment of MetS and OP. Future studies should explore to find controllable factors and thereby improve health status in postmenopausal women.
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Wang Y, Min J, Khuri J, Xue H, Xie B, A Kaminsky L, J Cheskin L. Effectiveness of Mobile Health Interventions on Diabetes and Obesity Treatment and Management: Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e15400. [PMID: 32343253 PMCID: PMC7218595 DOI: 10.2196/15400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and obesity have become epidemics and costly chronic diseases. The impact of mobile health (mHealth) interventions on diabetes and obesity management is promising; however, studies showed varied results in the efficacy of mHealth interventions. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mHealth interventions for diabetes and obesity treatment and management on the basis of evidence reported in reviews and meta-analyses and to provide recommendations for future interventions and research. METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, and Cochrane databases for systematic reviews published between January 1, 2005, and October 1, 2019. We analyzed 17 reviews, which assessed 55,604 original intervention studies, that met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 6 reviews were included in our meta-analysis. RESULTS The reviews primarily focused on the use of mobile apps and text messaging and the self-monitoring and management function of mHealth programs in patients with diabetes and obesity. All reviews examined changes in biomarkers, and some reviews assessed treatment adherence (n=7) and health behaviors (n=9). Although the effectiveness of mHealth interventions varied widely by study, all reviews concluded that mHealth was a feasible option and had the potential for improving patient health when compared with standard care, especially for glycemic control (-0.3% to -0.5% greater reduction in hemoglobin A1c) and weight reduction (-1.0 kg to -2.4 kg body weight). Overall, the existing 6 meta-analysis studies showed pooled favorable effects of these mHealth interventions (-0.79, 95% CI -1.17 to -0.42; I2=90.5). CONCLUSIONS mHealth interventions are promising, but there is limited evidence about their effectiveness in glycemic control and weight reduction. Future research to develop evidence-based mHealth strategies should use valid measures and rigorous study designs. To enhance the effectiveness of mHealth interventions, future studies are warranted for the optimal formats and the frequency of contacting patients, better tailoring of messages, and enhancing usability, which places a greater emphasis on maintaining effectiveness over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfa Wang
- Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
| | - Jungwon Min
- Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jacob Khuri
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Xue
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Bo Xie
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- School of Information, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Leonard A Kaminsky
- Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
| | - Lawrence J Cheskin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Gender Differences in the Pattern of Socio-Demographics Relevant to Metabolic Syndrome Among Kenyan Adults with Central Obesity at a Mission Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:61-82. [PMID: 31981085 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Although the risk factors for MetS are well documented, differences in gender-based demographics among Kenyan adults with central obesity are lacking. AIM Determine gender differences in the pattern of socio-demographics relevant to metabolic syndrome among Kenyan adults with central obesity at a mission hospital, Nairobi. METHODS A cross-sectional baseline survey involving adults (N = 404) with central obesity aged 18-64 years, as part of a community-based lifestyle intervention study. Respondents were systematically sampled using the International Diabetes Federation definition for MetS. Lifestyle characteristics, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical markers were measured and analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS High (87.2%) MetS prevalence associated with advanced age in males (p < 0.001) and females (p = 0.002) was observed. MetS was likely among divorced/separated/widowed (p = 0.021) and high income males (p = 0.002) and females (p = 0.017) with high income. Unemployed males (p = 0.008) and females with tertiary education (p = 0.019) were less likely to have MetS. Advanced age was likely to lead to high blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and triglycerides (p < 0.05). Males were more likely (p = 0.026) to have raised triglycerides, while females (p < 0.001) had low high density lipoproteins. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of MetS associated with social and gender differences among Kenyan adults with central obesity. These underscore the need to look beyond the behavioral and biological risks and focus on every nuance of gender differences in addressing MetS and CVDs.
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Iwasaki T, Hirose A, Azuma T, Ohashi T, Watanabe K, Obora A, Deguchi F, Kojima T, Isozaki A, Tomofuji T. Associations between caries experience, dietary habits, and metabolic syndrome in Japanese adults. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:300-306. [PMID: 31217379 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries could be a risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, there is limited evidence of such a relationship in the literature. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships among dental caries experience, dietary habits, and MetS in Japanese adults. A total of 937 participants aged 40-74 years underwent a health check, including dental examination. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) were used as an index of caries experience. The mean DMFT score was 14, and 12% of the participants had MetS in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the prevalence of MetS was significantly related to DMFT (first vs. fourth quartile, odds ratio [OR] = 1.80; P < 0.05). In addition, the OR of DMFT for MetS was found to be greater in each successively higher DMFT quartile. The prevalence of MetS was significantly related to daily coffee consumption (OR = 0.51, P < 0.01), and the relationship between DMFT and MetS was noted after adjusting for daily coffee consumption. There appears to be a positive association between caries experience and MetS in Japanese adults. This relationship increased with the increase in DMFT regardless of dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwasaki
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University
| | - Akiko Hirose
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University
| | - Tetsuji Azuma
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University
| | - Tamie Ohashi
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University
| | | | - Akihiro Obora
- Medical Health Check-up Center, Asahi University Hospital
| | - Fumiko Deguchi
- Medical Health Check-up Center, Asahi University Hospital
| | - Takao Kojima
- Medical Health Check-up Center, Asahi University Hospital
| | | | - Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University
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Lee CY, Lee YH. Measurement of Socioeconomic Position in Research on Cardiovascular Health Disparities in Korea: A Systematic Review. J Prev Med Public Health 2019; 52:281-291. [PMID: 31588697 PMCID: PMC6780291 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.19.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The validity of instruments measuring socioeconomic position (SEP) has been a major area of concern in research on cardiovascular health disparities. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify the current status of the methods used to measure SEP in research on cardiovascular health disparities in Korea and to provide directions for future research. METHODS Relevant articles were obtained through electronic database searches with manual searches of reference lists and no restriction on the date of publication. SEP indicators were categorized into compositional, contextual, composite, and life-course measures. RESULTS Forty-eight studies published from 2003 to 2018 satisfied the review criteria. Studies utilizing compositional measures mainly relied on a limited number of SEP parameters. In addition, these measures hardly addressed the time-varying and subjective features of SEP. Finding valid contextual measures at the organizational, community, and societal levels that are appropriate to Korea's context remains a challenge, and these are rarely modeled simultaneously. Studies have rarely focused on composite and life-course measures. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should develop and utilize valid compositional and contextual measures and appraise social patterns that vary across time, place, and culture using such measures. Studies should also consider multilevel influences, adding a focus on the interactions between different levels of intertwined SEP factors to advance the design of research. More attention should be given to composite and life-course measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Economics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Jung EK, Kim SW, Ock SM, Jung KI, Song CH. Prevalence and related factors of irregular menstrual cycles in Korean women: the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V, 2010-2012). J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 39:196-202. [PMID: 28472893 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2017.1321631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been few population-based studies reporting medical, lifestyle and psychological factors associated with irregular menstrual cycles. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence and related factors of irregular menstrual cycles in Korean women. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Eligible women were 19-40 years old, not currently taking oral contraceptives or using intrauterine devices, and not currently pregnant or breast feeding, and had no medical history of hysterectomy, thyroid diseases, cancers or renal failure. Finally, 3194 premenopausal women were recruited in this study. The prevalence and related factors of irregular cycles were obtained using a general linear model and logistic regression analyses in a complex sampling design. RESULTS The prevalence of irregular cycles was 14.3%. Age and high-education level were associated with lower odds ratios (ORs) for irregular cycles (OR 0.91, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.87-0.96, and OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.38-0.88, respectively). The ORs of body mass index, perceived stress and depressive mood were 1.05 (95% CI 1.01-1.10), 1.46 (95% CI 1.11-1.92) and 2.07 (95% CI 1.18-3.63), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Age, perceived stress, body mass index, depressive mood and education level, rather than obstetric factors or metabolic diseases were significant factors associated with irregular menstrual cycles in Korean women. Of these factors, perceived stress is the most significant factor associated with increased irregular menstrual cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Jung
- a Department of Family Medicine , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Won Kim
- a Department of Family Medicine , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Myeong Ock
- a Department of Family Medicine , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-In Jung
- b Department of Psychiatry , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Song
- a Department of Family Medicine , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Derraik JGB, Albert BB, de Bock M, Butler ÉM, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Socioeconomic status is not associated with health-related quality of life in a group of overweight middle-aged men. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5193. [PMID: 30013848 PMCID: PMC6047501 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status is a known determinant of health. In secondary data analyses, we assessed whether socioeconomic status affected health-related quality of life in a group of overweight (body mass index 25–30 kg/m2) middle-aged (45.9 ± 5.4 years) men, recruited in Auckland (New Zealand). Health-related quality of life was assessed with SF-36v2 three times: at baseline, and 12 and 30 weeks later. Socioeconomic status was determined by geo-coded deprivation scores derived from current address using the New Zealand Index of Deprivation 2006 (NZDep2006), as well as capital value of residence. Univariable and multivariable analyses showed no associations between measures of socioeconomic status and any mental or physical health domains. Our findings may reflect the fact that these men are not currently experiencing comorbidities associated with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G B Derraik
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,A Better Start-National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Martin de Bock
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Éadaoin M Butler
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,A Better Start-National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul L Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,A Better Start-National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
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Sadykova A, Shalkharova ZS, Shalkharova ZN, Sadykova K, Madenbay K, Zhunissova M, Nuskabayeva G, Askarova S, Grjibovski AM. Metabolic syndrome and its components in southern Kazakhstan: a cross-sectional study. Int Health 2018; 10:268-276. [PMID: 29718371 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study aimed to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in southern Kazakhstan. Methods A total of 965 adults, ages 20-74 y, participated in a cross-sectional study. MetS was defined using National Education Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP), American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Social variations in the prevalence of components of MetS were assessed using Poisson regression. Results Among women, the prevalence of MetS was 17.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.7-21.1), 25.8% (95% CI 22.5-29.1) and 21.8% (95% CI 18.5-25.2) for the NCEP, AHA and IDF criteria, respectively (European standard population). The corresponding data for men were 15.3% (95% CI 10.7-19.9), 26.6% (95% CI 21.2-32.9) and 23.9% (95% CI 18.6-29.2). Abdominal obesity was the most prevalent component of MetS among women (74.3%), followed by hyperglycaemia (26.5%) and diastolic hypertension (25.5%), while for men the three most common components were abdominal obesity (70.7%), systolic hypertension (44.4%) and diastolic hypertension (40.0%). Secondary education was associated with a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity in both men (1.3 [95% CI 1.0-1.6]) and women (1.2 [95% CI 1.1-1.4]). Unmarried men were less likely to be obese (odds ratio 0.5 [95% CI 0.3-0.9]). Conclusions The distribution of components of MetS in southern Kazakhstan is different from other parts of the European World Health Organization region and varies across genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assel Sadykova
- International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B.Sattarkhanov Ave., Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanar S Shalkharova
- Kazakh Medical University of Continuous Education, 34 Manasa St., Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanat N Shalkharova
- International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B.Sattarkhanov Ave., Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Karlygash Sadykova
- International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B.Sattarkhanov Ave., Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Kamshat Madenbay
- International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B.Sattarkhanov Ave., Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Mira Zhunissova
- International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B.Sattarkhanov Ave., Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnaz Nuskabayeva
- International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B.Sattarkhanov Ave., Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Saltanat Askarova
- International Kazakh-Turkish University, 29 B.Sattarkhanov Ave., Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrej M Grjibovski
- Northern State Medical University, 51 Troitsky Ave., Arkhangelsk, Russia.,North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky St., Yakutsk, Russia
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Socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of biomarkers of cardio-metabolic disease in South Korea: Comparison of the Health Examinees Study to a nationally representative survey. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195091. [PMID: 29668714 PMCID: PMC5906014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the newly developed large-scale genomic cohort study of Korean adults, the Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G), with a comparison of the nationally representative cross-sectional study, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (K-NHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS Using the HEXA-G and the K-NHANES from 2007-2012, we analyzed the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) and prevalence of enlarged waist circumference (EWC), elevated triglycerides (ET), low HDL cholesterol (LHC), elevated blood pressure (EBP) and elevated blood glucose (EBG) by income and educational groups for adults at age 40-69. RESULTS For men, the prevalence of risk factors was similar across different income and educational groups (p>0.1), and between the K-NHANES and the HEXA-G. Among five risk factors, EBG showed the greatest discrepancy by 7 to 11 percentage points (i.e., the prevalence of 0.43 and 0.36 for college graduates, respectively, in K-NHANES and HEXA-G). For women, socioeconomic inequalities appeared for the five risk factors. Prevalence of risk factors was mostly lower in the HEXA-G than the K-NHANES, by approximately 11.0 percentage points. Especially, the discrepancy between K-NHANES and HEXA-G was largest in EBG (i.e., the prevalence of 0.31 and 0.20 for the lowest income groups, respectively). CONCLUSION The HEXA-G shows broadly similar socioeconomic inequality in prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors to the nationally representative sample with more modest socioeconomic inequality among women in the HEXA-G than the K-NHANES.
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Zhang Y, Fu J, Yang S, Yang M, Liu A, Wang L, Cao S, Sun X, Wang F, Liu D. Prevalence of metabolically obese but normal weight (MONW) and metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) in Chinese Beijing urban subjects. Biosci Trends 2017; 11:418-426. [PMID: 28740055 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2017.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in non-obese adults (body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2) and the prevalence of obese adults (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) without MetS in Chinese Beijing urban subjects. A cross-sectional study was conducted and the subjects who came to the hospital to receive a health examination were enrolled randomly. Regardless of age stratification, men have a higher prevalence of MetS than women. Among the urban Beijing population, prevalence of metabolically obese but normal weight (MONW) is lower than metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) regardless of gender. Except for the underweight group, participants exhibit significant differences between MetS and non-MetS subgroups in all tested variables in normal weight and overweight groups, whereas MONW and MHO participants exhibit significant differences in all variables except for creatinine (CR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), uric acid (UAC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Women tend to have a higher MONW prevalence but lower MHO prevalence than men. Accordingly, MetS happens more frequently among those 40-59 yr. Besides, sex, age, WC, SBP, DBP, ALT, FG, UAC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C are risk factors for MetS after multivariate adjustment. In conclusion, the prevalence of MONW is lower than MHO regardless of gender. Women tend to have a higher MONW prevalence but lower MHO prevalence than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of VIP Medical Service, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of VIP Medical Service, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
| | - Shuwen Yang
- Department of VIP Medical Service, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of VIP Medical Service, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
| | - Annan Liu
- Department of VIP Medical Service, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of VIP Medical Service, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
| | - Suyan Cao
- Department of VIP Medical Service, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of VIP Medical Service, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
| | - Deping Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology
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Sen P, Das S, Hore S, Bhattacharjee S, Choudhuri D. Obesity and Associated Cardiometabolic Risk among Women from Tripura - A Northeastern State of India. J Midlife Health 2017; 8:110-117. [PMID: 28983157 PMCID: PMC5625574 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_116_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiometabolic health status of women is a serious public health concern. Markers of body fat content and their distribution are important indicators of cardiometabolic health risk in participants. In addition, socio-demographic status plays a determinant role. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of adiposity markers and socio-demographic determinants on various cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in Indian women. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 388 women (age 25–65 years) from Tripura, a Northeastern state of India. Various obesity and atherogenic markers such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio, waist - height ratio, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)/total cholesterol, HDL-C/low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride/HDL-C ratio and traditional cardiometabolic risk factors such as high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance were evaluated in participant. The socio-demographic status included the level of education and monthly family income. Results: The cardiometabolic risk in postmenopausal women were higher than premenopausal women. The risk increases with age in both groups. Women with lower educational level and higher income group were found to be prone to higher cardiometabolic risk. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed central obesity marked by increased WC was a better predictor of cardiometabolic risk than general obesity marked by increased BMI. Conclusion: The cardiometabolic risk among both premenopausal and postmenopausal women are associated with central obesity which can be predicted by increased WC in the subject. Socio-demographic status of the participant plays a definitive role in determining cardiometabolic risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnajita Sen
- Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Sandeep Das
- Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Samrat Hore
- Department of Statistics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Surajit Bhattacharjee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Dipayan Choudhuri
- Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura, India
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Puolakka E, Pahkala K, Laitinen TT, Magnussen CG, Hutri-Kähönen N, Tossavainen P, Jokinen E, Sabin MA, Laitinen T, Elovainio M, Pulkki-Råback L, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Juonala M. Childhood Socioeconomic Status in Predicting Metabolic Syndrome and Glucose Abnormalities in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:2311-2317. [PMID: 27797929 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We prospectively examined whether family socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), or type 2 diabetes in adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The sample comprised 2,250 participants from the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study cohort. Participants were 3-18 years old at baseline (mean age 10.6 years), and they were followed for 31 years. SES was characterized as reported annual income of the family and classified on an 8-point scale. RESULTS For each 1-unit increase in family SES in childhood, the risk for adult MetS decreased (risk ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.94 [0.90-0.98]; P = 0.003) when adjusted for age, sex, childhood cardiometabolic risk factors (lipids, systolic blood pressure, insulin, and BMI), childhood physical activity, and fruit and vegetable consumption. The association remained after adjustment for participants' own SES in adulthood (0.95 [0.91-0.99]; P = 0.005). A similar association was seen between childhood SES and the risk of having either adult IFG or type 2 diabetes (0.96 [0.92-0.99]; P = 0.01, age and sex adjusted). This association became nonsignificant after adjustment for childhood risk factors (P = 0.08). Of the individual components of MetS, lower SES in childhood predicted large waist circumference (0.96 [0.93-0.99]; P = 0.003) and a high triglycerides concentration (0.96 [0.92-1.00]; P = 0.04) after adjustment for the aforementioned risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Lower SES in childhood may be associated with an increased risk for MetS, IFG, and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Special attention could be paid to children of low SES families to decrease the prevalence of MetS in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Puolakka
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi T Laitinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Unit of Personality, Work and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Unit of Personality, Work and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Turku, and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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18
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Park SJ, Roh S, Hwang J, Kim HA, Kim S, Lee TK, Kang SH, Ha YJ, Jang JW, Park S. Association between depression and metabolic syndrome in korean women: Results from the korean national health and nutrition examination survey (2007-2013). J Affect Disord 2016; 205:393-399. [PMID: 27588358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable amount of research suggests that depression may be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the risk factors for the development of CVD such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to investigate the associations between depression, MetS, and combinations of the individual MetS components in Korean women. METHODS Cross-sectional data for 23,385 women who aged 19 years and older were obtained from the nationally representative Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2013). Associations between prior diagnosis of depression and MetS were estimated after adjusting for related factors using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS MetS was more prevalent in women with a prior diagnosis of depression than those without diagnosed depression (26.20% vs. 19.07%, p<.001). Depression was significantly associated with MetS (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.43) after adjusting for age, education, monthly household income, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity, and postmenopausal status. There was a higher prevalence of most MetS combinations among women with depression than women without depression. Specifically, significant differences between the two groups were found for MetS combinations including high triglycerides. LIMITATIONS A cross-sectional study design and lack of a standardized objective measure for depression. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosed depression is associated with MetS in Korean women. Specifically, women with diagnosed depression have significantly elevated levels of several combinations of MetS components including high triglycerides. Addressing these MetS combinations could help reduce CVD events and mortality among women with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Park
- Department of Research Planning, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungwon Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaemin Hwang
- Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Ah Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohye Kim
- Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Lee
- Department of Addiction Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shi Hyun Kang
- Department of General Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Ha
- Department of Research Planning, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Won Jang
- Department of Research Planning, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Department of Research Planning, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea.
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Woo YS, McIntyre RS, Kim JB, Lee MS, Kim JM, Yim HW, Jun TY. Association of treatment response with obesity and other metabolic risk factors in adults with depressive disorders: Results from a National Depression Cohort study in Korea (the CRESCEND study). J Affect Disord 2016; 203:190-198. [PMID: 27310099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available studies indicate that obesity may exert a moderational effect on antidepressant treatment response. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between treatment response and metabolic abnormalities amongst patients with depressive disorders in a large naturalistic clinical setting. METHODS A nationwide prospective study was conducted in 18 hospitals in South Korea; 541 depressive patients meeting DSM-IV criteria were recruited. After baseline evaluation, subjects received naturalistic clinician-determined antidepressant interventions. Assessment was performed at baseline and weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 52. Treatment response was defined as a ≥50% reduction from baseline on at least one evaluation point. RESULTS In univariate comparison, the patients who showed insufficient response to antidepressant therapy were more likely to be male, unmarried, unemployed, and obese. After adjusting for baseline variables, male sex (OR=1.82) and obesity (OR=1.55) remained as were significant variables. Stratification of the subjects into one of three groups, i.e. male, pre-menopausal female and post-menopausal female, revealed that males with concurrent metabolic problems, (i.e. the presence of one or more of hypertension, hyperglycemia, or hypercholesterolemia) had significantly higher risk for insufficient response (OR=2.32) and, after adjusting for baseline variables, obesity predicted insufficient response in post-menopausal female (OR=2.41). CONCLUSIONS The presence of metabolic abnormalities in patients with depressive disorders was associated with decreased treatment response to antidepressants. These results underscore the neurobiological relationship between obesity and the central nervous system, and provide empiric evidence supporting stratification of treatment response in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sup Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jung-Bum Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Keimyung University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youn Jun
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee W, Yeom H, Yoon JH, Won JU, Jung PK, Lee JH, Seok H, Roh J. Metabolic outcomes of workers according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations in Korea. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59:685-94. [PMID: 27345305 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupation influences the risk for developing chronic metabolic diseases. METHODS We compared the prevalence of MetS by International Standard Classification of Occupations using the nationally representative data in Korea (KNHANES). We enrolled 16,763 workers (9,175 males; 7,588 females) who had measurements for the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria III and other variables. OR and 95%CIs for MetS and its components were estimated according to occupation using the multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS The occupational groups with the highest age-standardized prevalence of MetS were lower skilled white-collar men (31.1 ± 2.4%) and green-collar women (24.2 ± 2.9%). Compared with the unskilled male blue-collar group, which had the lowest prevalence of MetS, the OR (95%CIs) of MetS in men were 1.77 (1.45-2.15) in higher skilled white-collar, 1.82 (1.47-2.26) in lower-skilled white-collar, 1.63 (1.32-2.01) in pink-collar and 1.37 (1.13-1.66) in skilled blue-collar workers in final logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS MetS and its components vary by occupational category and gender in ways that may guide health interventions. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:685-694, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhyung Lee
- The Institute for Occupational Health; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Incheon Worker's Health Center; Incheon Korea
| | - Hyungseon Yeom
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Incheon Worker's Health Center; Incheon Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- The Institute for Occupational Health; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Incheon Worker's Health Center; Incheon Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Pil Kyun Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Sahmyook Medical Center; Seoul Korea
| | - June-Hee Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Hongdeok Seok
- The Institute for Occupational Health; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Incheon Worker's Health Center; Incheon Korea
| | - Jaehoon Roh
- The Institute for Occupational Health; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Incheon Worker's Health Center; Incheon Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Lee W, Yoon JH, Roh J, Lee S, Seok H, Lee JH, Jung PK, Rhie J, Won JU. The association between low blood lead levels and the prevalence of prehypertension among nonhypertensive adults in Korea. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 28:729-35. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine; The Institute for Occupational Health; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jin-ha Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine; The Institute for Occupational Health; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jaehoon Roh
- Department of Preventive Medicine; The Institute for Occupational Health; Seoul South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine; The Institute for Occupational Health; Seoul South Korea
| | - Hongdeok Seok
- Department of Preventive Medicine; The Institute for Occupational Health; Seoul South Korea
| | - June-hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine; The Institute for Occupational Health; Seoul South Korea
| | - Pil Kyun Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine; The Institute for Occupational Health; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jeongbae Rhie
- Department of Preventive Medicine; The Institute for Occupational Health; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jong-uk Won
- Department of Preventive Medicine; The Institute for Occupational Health; Seoul South Korea
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22
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Role of social determinants and lifestyle on women's metabolic risk during the perimenopausal transition. Menopause 2016; 23:403-9. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Baeg MK, Yoon SK, Ko SH, Han KD, Choi HJ, Bae SH, Choi JY, Choi MG. Males seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen are at risk of lower bone mineral density: the 2008–2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Hepatol Int 2016; 10:470-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-015-9672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Mirmiran P, Asghari G, Farhadnejad H, Alamdari S, Dizavi A, Azizi F. The Relationship Between Occupation Transition Status and Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Women: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:265-71. [PMID: 27195592 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although occupation status may play a role in the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), data on this topic are limited. The aim was to examine the association between occupation transition status and the 12-year incidence of MetS in adult women of a population-based cohort study. METHODS A total of 2406 women, aged ≥20 years, were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Subjects were free of MetS at baseline and followed for a mean of 12 years. Based on occupation transition from baseline to the end of follow-up, women were classified into four groups: employed-employed (group I), employed-unemployed (group II), unemployed-employed (group III), and unemployed-unemployed (group IV). The odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of MetS and its components according to occupation transition status was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The incidence of MetS in group I and group IV was 15.6% and 29.3%, respectively. In comparison with women in group I, those in group IV had higher risk of MetS (OR = 2.45, 95% CI, 1.6-3.8); however, after adjustment for age, education level, marital status, smoking, and body mass index, the association between occupation status and MetS was not significant (OR = 1.38, 95% CI, 0.83-2.27). In the fully adjusted model, women who were employed at baseline and unemployed at the end of follow-up had greater risk of incident MetS (OR = 2.26, 95% CI, 1.26-4.06) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 2.34, 95% CI, 1.40-3.85) compared with those who were constantly employed. CONCLUSION Occupation transition from employed to unemployed status was found to increase risk of incident MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mirmiran
- 1 Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- 1 Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- 1 Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Alamdari
- 2 Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Dizavi
- 1 Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- 3 Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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Lee JH, Lee W, Yoon JH, Seok H, Roh J, Won JU. Relationship between symptoms of dry eye syndrome and occupational characteristics: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012. BMC Ophthalmol 2015; 15:147. [PMID: 26511443 PMCID: PMC4625453 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-015-0147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) is a broad spectrum of uncomfortable ocular conditions that are caused by reduced production of tears or an increased tear evaporation rate. This study evaluated the relationship between symptoms of DES and occupational characteristics to identify the occupation-dependent differences in the prevalence of symptoms of DES using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010–2012) data. Methods A total of 6023 participants were included (3203 men and 2820 women). Questionnaires and physical examinations were used to record clinical characteristics, occupational characteristics and medical history. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) for symptoms of DES were calculated according to the occupational characteristics. Results Among the participants, 963 persons (16.0 %) had symptoms of DES. An increased risk (relative to the green-collar group) was observed for the ordinary white-collar (OR, 1.73; 95 % CI, 1.73–1.41), executive white-collar (OR, 1.40; 95 % CI, 1.02–1.92) and skilled blue-collar (OR, 1.44; 95 % CI, 1.04–2.00) groups. Furthermore, paid workers had a significantly higher risk of dry eye symptoms (OR, 1.21; 95 % CI, 1.02–1.45), compared to self-employed workers. Conclusion Our study is the first research to reveal that white-collar workers have a higher risk of symptoms of DES than blue-collar workers, that skilled blue-collar workers have a higher risk than unskilled blue-collar workers, and that paid workers have a higher risk than self-employed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Hee Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. .,The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Wanhyung Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. .,The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hongdeok Seok
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. .,The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jaehoon Roh
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. .,The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Seongsanno (134 Sinchon-dong), Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. .,The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Seongsanno (134 Sinchon-dong), Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Lin KM, Chiou JY, Ko SH, Tan JY, Huang CN, Liao WC. Modifiable Lifestyle Behaviors Are Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in a Taiwanese Population. J Nurs Scholarsh 2015; 47:487-95. [PMID: 26287819 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore associations between metabolic syndrome and modifiable lifestyle behaviors among the adult population in Taiwan. DESIGN This cross-sectional study analyzed data from a nationally representative sample that participated in the 2005-2008 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan. The sample (2,337 participants older than 19 years) provided data on demographic characteristics, modifiable lifestyle behaviors, anthropometric measurements, and blood chemistry panel. METHODS These data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, univariate logistic regression, and multivariate logistic regression to determine factors associated with metabolic syndrome. FINDINGS Metabolic syndrome had a prevalence of 25.2%, and this prevalence increased with age. In univariate regression analysis, metabolic syndrome was associated with age, living with family members, educational level, and modifiable lifestyle behaviors (smoking, drinking, betel quid chewing, and physical activity). Individuals with a smoking history and currently chewing betel quid had the highest risk for metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The risk for metabolic syndrome might be reduced by public health campaigns to encourage people to quit smoking cigarettes and chewing betel quid. Implementing more modifiable lifestyle behaviors in daily life will decrease metabolic syndrome in Taiwan. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Considering that betel quid chewing and tobacco smoking interact to adversely affect metabolic syndrome risk, public health campaigns against both behaviors seem to be a cost-effective and efficient health promotion strategy to reduce the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Man Lin
- Doctoral Candidate, Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, and Lecturer, Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Yuan Chiou
- Associate Professor, School of Health Policy and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hua Ko
- Associate Professor, HungKuang University, Department of Nursing, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ying Tan
- Assistant Professor, HungKuang University, Department of Nursing, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan and Professor, Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liao
- Professor, School of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University; Research consultant, Department of Nursing, Chun Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ko SH, Baeg MK, Han KD, Ko SH, Ahn YB. Increased liver markers are associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:7478-7487. [PMID: 26139993 PMCID: PMC4481442 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the association between liver markers and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG).
METHODS: A total of 8863 participants (3408 men and 5455 women) over 30 years of age were analyzed from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2011). The associations of serum liver markers such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST/ALT, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) with T2DM and IFG were analyzed using logistic regression models. Participants were divided into sex-specific quartiles on the basis of liver markers.
RESULTS: The prevalence of T2DM and IFG were 11.3% and 18.3%. Increasing quartiles of ALT and GGT were positively and AST/ALT were negatively correlated with T2DM and IFG. Analysis of the liver marker combinations showed that if any two or more markers were in the highest risk quartile, the risks of both T2DM and IFG increased significantly. The risk was greatest when the highest ALT and GGT and lowest AST/ALT quartile were combined, with the risk of T2DM at 3.21 (95%CI: 1.829-5.622, P < 0.001) in men and 4.60 (95%CI: 3.217-6.582, P < 0.001) in women. Men and women with the highest AST and ALT and lowest AST/ALT quartile had a 1.99 and 2.40 times increased risk of IFG.
CONCLUSION: Higher levels of GGT and ALT and lower AST/ALT within the physiological range are independent, additive risk factors of T2DM and IFG.
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Lim JS, Choi YJ, Kim SK, Huh BW, Lee EJ, Huh KB. Optimal Waist Circumference Cutoff Value Based on Insulin Resistance and Visceral Obesity in Koreans with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2015; 39:253-63. [PMID: 26124996 PMCID: PMC4483611 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.3.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral obesity is the most powerful contributor to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases. In light of visceral obesity, however, there is a paucity of data on the appropriate cutoff point of waist circumference (WC) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal cutoff value for WC that signals insulin resistance (IR) and visceral obesity in Koreans with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We evaluated 4,252 patients with type 2 diabetes (male 2,220, female 2,032, mean age 57.24 years) who visited our clinic between January 2003 and June 2009. WC was measured at the midpoint between the lower rib and the iliac crest, and insulin sensitivity was assessed by the rate constant of plasma glucose disappearance (Kitt %/min) using an insulin tolerance test. Visceral fat thickness was measured using ultrasonography. Statistical analysis was performed using receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS The optimal cutoff points for WC for identifying the presence of IR and visceral obesity, as well as two or more metabolic components, were 87 cm for men and 81 cm for women. Moreover, these cutoff points had the highest predictive powers for the presence of visceral obesity. The MetS defined by new criteria correlated with the increased carotid intima-media thickness in female subjects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the optimal cutoff values for WC in Koreans with type 2 diabetes should be reestablished based on IR and visceral obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Soo Lim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Young Ju Choi
- Huh's Diabetes Center and the 21C Diabetes and Vascular Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byoung Wook Huh
- Huh's Diabetes Center and the 21C Diabetes and Vascular Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kap Bum Huh
- Huh's Diabetes Center and the 21C Diabetes and Vascular Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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Koo BK, Kim SW, Yi KH, Moon MK. Low economic status is identified as an emerging risk factor for diabetes mellitus in korean men aged 30 to 59 years in korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2008 to 2010. Diabetes Metab J 2015; 39:137-46. [PMID: 25922808 PMCID: PMC4411545 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the association between economic status and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) using large nationwide datasets covering the previous 10 years in Korea. METHODS We analyzed the association between economic status and DM using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data from 2001 to 2010 weighted to represent the Korean population between 30 and 59 years of age. The economic status of participants was classified into quartiles according to monthly family income with an equivalence scale. RESULTS In men, the prevalence of diabetes in the lowest income quartile (Q1) was significantly higher than that in the other quartiles in 2008 (age and body mass index-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.846; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.126 to 3.027; P=0.015), 2009 (OR, 1.706; 95% CI, 1.094 to 2.661; P=0.019), and 2010 (OR, 1.560; 95% CI, 1.024 to 2.377; P=0.039) but not in 2001 or 2005. The data indicated that classification in the lowest economic status was an independent risk factor for diabetes even after adjusting for abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and education level in men of KNHANES 2008 to 2010. Although economic status was significantly associated with abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in women (P<0.001), there was no significant association between economic status and DM in women. CONCLUSION Korean men between 30 and 59 years of age with the lowest economic status had a significantly higher prevalence of DM in 2008 to 2010 even after adjusting for other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyung Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Hee Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choi MK, Han YA, Roh YK. Utility of obesity indicators for metabolically healthy obesity: an observational study using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2010). BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1166. [PMID: 25394775 PMCID: PMC4246426 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obese individuals who are not at an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease are described as having metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). We sought to identify clinically useful indicators of MHO. Methods Records of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2010) were used to analyze 3,770 obese subjects (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), who were divided into metabolic syndrome and MHO groups. Persons who met less than 3 of the criteria of metabolic syndrome (MS) were defined as having MHO. We estimated age-specific prevalence rates according to the number of MS criteria that were satisfied (patients meeting 0, ≤1, and ≤2 criteria of MS). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to identify the best indicators of MHO. Results The prevalence of MHO among obese patients decreased with age. When MHO was defined by the fulfillment of ≤2 criteria of MS, the areas under the curves (AUC) for waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were 0.743 and 0.747 in men and 0.712 and 0.741 in women, respectively. Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were the most accurate predictors of MHO for all investigated definitions. Conclusions Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio provide useful indicators for diagnosing MHO, and are more accurate than body mass index, fat percentage, or weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong Kyun Roh
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 150-950, Korea.
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Yang JJ, Yoon HS, Lee SA, Choi JY, Song M, Han S, Lee JK, Kang D. Metabolic syndrome and sex-specific socio-economic disparities in childhood and adulthood: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Diabet Med 2014; 31:1399-409. [PMID: 24925795 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine whether adulthood and/or childhood sex-specific socio-economic disparities are associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in a developed non-Western setting. METHODS Based on the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 14 888 people aged ≥ 20 years were analysed to evaluate the effect of adult and childhood socio-economic status on metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate the odds ratios for metabolic syndrome and each component of metabolic syndrome in later life. RESULTS The age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 26.6% for men and 21.3% for women. Compared with the highest level of education, men with the lowest education level were significantly less likely to have metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.96), whereas the opposite association was found in women (odds ratio 3.29, 95% CI 2.45-4.42). Men who were manual labourers and economically inactive had a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared with those with non-manual jobs (odds ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.69-0.98 and odds ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.99, respectively), but the reverse association was observed in women (odds ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.04-1.73 and odds ratio 1.40, 95% CI 1.09-1.81, respectively). A significant interaction between combined adulthood and childhood socio-economic status on the presence of metabolic syndrome was observed (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that sex-specific socio-economic disparities in childhood and adulthood have differential effects on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Centre, Seoul, Korea
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Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Mirmiran P, Hosseinpanah F, Fallah-ghohroudy A, Azizi F. Association of marital status and marital transition with metabolic syndrome: tehran lipid and glucose study. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2014; 12:e18980. [PMID: 25745487 PMCID: PMC4338665 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.18980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most existing reports indicate that body weight gradually increases following marital status and thereby enhances health status and decreases mortality; however, the association between marital status and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been thoroughly investigated in a longitudinal study. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of marital status and marital transition on MetS during a 9.6-year follow-up in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. PATIENTS AND METHODS For this study, 5221 participants (2060 males and 3161 females), aged 15 to 90 years at baseline, were followed for a median of 9.6 years. Marital status was categorized as consistent marital status and marital transition. We measured MetS risk z score and its components and calculated their changes. Then the effects of marital status and marital transition on MetS risk z score and its components were assessed using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS In comparison to participants who were married, no significant changes in MetS risk z score was found in single participants. Employed females in the transition to married group had significant increase in MetS risk z score than single employed females. No significant changes in MetS risk z score were observed between widowed/divorced subjects and compared to consistently married subjects. CONCLUSIONS Marital status may affect MetS risk z score differently in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Arefeh Fallah-ghohroudy
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Fereidoun Azizi, Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 193954763, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122357484, Fax: +98-2122416264; +98-2122402463, E-mail:
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Lim H, Xue H, Wang Y. Association between obesity and metabolic co-morbidities among children and adolescents in South Korea based on national data. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:279. [PMID: 24666605 PMCID: PMC3976357 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity has become a serious public health threat worldwide due to its many short- and long-term adverse health effects. We assessed the association between weight status and metabolic co-morbidities among South Korean children using nationally representative data. Methods Data from the 2007-2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 1,526 children aged 10-19 years were used. Logistic regression models were fit to examine the association between weight status [overweight, 85th percentile ≤ BMI <95th percentile; obese, BMI ≥95th percentile; and central obesity, waist circumference ≥90th percentile, based on 2007 Korean National Growth Charts] and metabolic outcomes. Results More obese children had metabolic co-morbidities than normal-weight children (P < 0.05). Boys had higher means BMI than girls, WC, and BP, while girls had higher means of total blood cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05). Attributable risk of metabolic syndrome was high due to overweight and obesity: 91.1% for central obesity and 29.6% for high TG. Obese children had increased risk of having high BP (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.90; 95% CI: 1.05-3.45), dyslipidemia (OR: 6.21; 95% CI: 3.59-10.75), high TG (OR: 6.87; 95% CI: 4.05-11.64), low HDL (OR: 4.46; 95% CI: 2.23-8.89), and ≥2 co-morbidities (OR: 26.97; 95% CI: 14.95-48.65) compared to normal-weight subjects, while the associations between weight status and metabolic outcomes were stronger in boys. Conclusions Obesity was strongly associated with metabolic co-morbidities in South Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youfa Wang
- Johns Hopkins Global Center on Childhood Obesity, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Xi B, He D, Hu Y, Zhou D. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its influencing factors among the Chinese adults: the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009. Prev Med 2013; 57:867-71. [PMID: 24103567 PMCID: PMC4044099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate the up-to-date prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its influencing factors among the Chinese adults. METHODS Data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 2009, which was a cross-sectional and partially nationally representative study including a total of 7488 Chinese adults (age ≥18 years). RESULTS The overall age-standardized prevalence estimates of the MS were 21.3% (95%confidence interval (CI): 20.4%-22.2%), 18.2% (95%CI: 17.3%-19.1%) and 10.5% (95%CI: 9.8%-11.2%) based on definitions of revised NCEP ATPIII, IDF and CDS criteria, respectively. Individuals who were women (compared to men: odds ratio [OR]=1.37, 95% CI=1.16-1.61), 40 years or older (compared to less than 40 years old: OR=2.82, 95%CI=2.37-3.34 for 40-59 years; OR=4.41, 95%CI=3.68-5.29 for 60 years or older), overweight/obese (compared to normal weight: OR=4.32, 95%CI=3.77-4.95 for overweight; OR=11.24, 95%CI=9.53-13.26 for obese), and living in urban area (compared to living in rural area: OR=1.27, 95%CI=1.12-1.43) were more likely to have a higher prevalence estimate of MS. In addition, frequency of alcohol consumption and cigarette intake were also found to be significantly associated with probability of MS. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest an urgent need to develop national strategies for the prevention, detection, treatment and control of obesity and MS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Marcuello C, Calle-Pascual AL, Fuentes M, Runkle I, Rubio MA, Montañez C, Rojo-Martinez G, Soriguer F, Bordiu E, Goday A, Bosch-Comas A, Carmena R, Casamitjana R, Castaño L, Castell C, Catalá M, Delgado E, Franch J, Gaztambide S, Girbés J, Gomis R, Urrutia I, López-Alba A, Martínez-Larrad MT, Menéndez E, Mora-Peces I, Ortega E, Pascual-Manich G, Serrano-Rios M, Valdés S, Vázquez JA, Vendrell J. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Spain using regional cutoff points for waist circumference: the di@bet.es study. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:615-23. [PMID: 23512475 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-013-0468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Spain using specific cutoff points for waist circumference (WC) (>94.5 cm for men and >89.5 cm for women) and evaluating the influence of several socio-demographic and economic factors. Data on MetS were obtained from a national study of 4,727 subjects from 18 to 90 years of age, conducted in Spain between 2009 and 2010 (The di@bet.es study). MetS was defined applying the new Harmonized definition (evaluating the use of abdominal obesity (AO) as a obligatory criterion for MetS or not) as well as with other widely used criteria. Results were then compared with data from previous studies. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the influence of different social factors. The age-standardized MetS prevalence was 38.37 % (CI 35.74-40.99) in men and 29.62 % (CI 27.56-31.69) in women, when AO was required as a diagnostic criterion; 42.13 % (CI 39.37-44.89) and 32.31 % (CI 30.15-34.47) in men and women, respectively, if AO was not considered mandatory. Prevalence of MetS increased with age (p < 0.001 for trend). Women with a lower educational level were more likely to have MetS (OR 4.4; 95 % CI: 2.84-6.7) as compared with those with a higher educational level. Subjects with MetS had a worse physical quality of life. The combination of AO, hypertension and carbohydrate alterations was the most common MetS' pattern. A high prevalence of MetS was detected in the Spanish population especially in men, the elderly and women with a low educational level.
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Screening for diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with diabetes: a nationwide survey in Korea. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62991. [PMID: 23667557 PMCID: PMC3648467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to identify factors associated with screening for diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007 and 2009 were analyzed. Of 24,871 participants, 1,288 patients diagnosed with diabetes at ≥30 years of age were included. 36.3% received screening for diabetic retinopathy, and 40.5% received screening for diabetic nephropathy during the previous year. Patients living in rural areas, those with less education, those who had not received education about diabetes care, and those who did not receive medical care for diabetes were screened less often for retinopathy or nephropathy. Patients with poorer self-reported health status were screened more often. Occupation, smoking status, and diabetes duration were associated with retinopathy screening. Lower family income was associated with decreased nephropathy screening. Receiving education about diabetes care and receiving medical care for diabetes were significant factors in patients with a shorter duration of diabetes (the significant odds ratio [OR] of not receiving education varied between 0.27 and 0.51, and that of not receiving medical care varied between 0.34 and 0.42). Sociodemographic factors and health-related factors as well as education and medical care influenced screening for diabetic complications among those with a longer duration of diabetes (for retinopathy and nephropathy, the significant OR of living in a rural area varied between 0.56 and 0.61; for retinopathy, the significant OR of current smokers was 0.55, and the p-trend of subjective health status was <0.001; for nephropathy, the significant OR of a monthly household income of <3000 dollars was 0.61 and the p-trends of education and subjective health status were 0.030 and 0.007, respectively). Efforts to decrease sociodemographic disparities should be combined with education about diabetes care to increase the screening, especially for those with a longer duration of diabetes.
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Park EY, Lim MK, Oh JK, Cho H, Bae MJ, Yun EH, Kim DI, Shin HR. Independent and supra-additive effects of alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and metabolic syndrome on the elevation of serum liver enzyme levels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63439. [PMID: 23667618 PMCID: PMC3646757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the independent and combined effects of alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome on abnormal liver function, i.e., the elevation of serum liver enzyme levels. Participants of a Korean population-based prospective cohort aged ≥30 years without liver disease, diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases were included. Information on alcohol consumption, smoking status, and metabolic syndrome, defined as per the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III, were applied to evaluate their impact on serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome were the significant individual factors that elevated serum liver enzyme levels. Supra-additive effects of metabolic syndrome and either alcohol consumption or cigarette smoking were also identified. The combination of heavy drinking (≥24 g/day) and metabolic syndrome conferred an effect that was higher than the sum of the two individual effects (Synergic Index (SI): AST, 2.37 [1.20-4.67]; GGT, 1.91 [1.17-3.13]). Only GGT level (odds ratio 6.04 [3.68-9.94], SI 2.33 [1.24-4.41]) was significantly elevated when the effect of moderate drinking (<24 g/day) and metabolic syndrome was combined. The combined effect of any level of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking was also supra-additive on the elevation of GGT level with SIs of 5.57 for drinking <24 g/day and smoking ≤20 pack years, 5.12 for <24 g/day and >20 pack years, 1.80 for ≥24 g/day and ≤20 pack years, 2.03 for ≥24 g/day and >20 pack years, while only the combined effect of drinking ≥24 g/day and smoking >20 pack years elevated the AST level (SI 4.55 [3.12-6.61]). The combined effect of cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome was not supra-additive. To prevent fatty liver disease and other related diseases, a multifactorial prevention strategy that includes limited alcohol consumption, smoking cessation and rectification of adverse metabolic profiles is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Park
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Lim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoun Cho
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Bae
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - E. Hwa Yun
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-il Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Rim Shin
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Non Communicable Diseases and Health Promotion, World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila, The Philippines
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Park E, Choi SJ, Lee HY. The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Risk Factors Based on the KNHANES V 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5393/jamch.2013.38.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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