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Profiling risk factors of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes awaiting outpatient diabetes specialist consultant appointment, a narrative review. Collegian 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Alipour M, Rostami H, Parastouei K. Association between inflammatory obesity phenotypes, FTO-rs9939609, and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 25:46. [PMID: 32765616 PMCID: PMC7377118 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_429_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The role of inflammatory states in cardiometabolic risks among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with similar degrees of obesity is unknown. The study aimed to compare cardiometabolic risk factors in inflammatory obesity phenotypes with regard to the role of the FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism. Materials and Methods This study was performed on 155 patients with T2DM (77 men and 78 women) in Ahvaz, Iran. Participants were grouped into four groups based on the presence of obesity and inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥3.9 mg/L): low inflammatory normal weight (LINW), high inflammatory normal weight (HINW), low inflammatory obese (LIO), and high inflammatory obese (HIO). The genotypes of FTO rs9939609, including homozygous carriers of the FTO risk allele (AA), heterozygous carriers (AT), and carrying no risk allele (TT), were studied. The cardiometabolic risk factors, including anthropometric status, hypertension, lipid and glycemic profile, and inflammatory markers, were evaluated. The waist-hip ratio (WHR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated. Results The patients in inflammatory groups (HINW and HIO) have significantly higher levels in AIP when compared to inflammatory healthy groups (LINW and LIO). No significant differences between any of the four group means were detected in WHR, blood pressure, MAP, glycemic status (fasting blood sugar and insulin), homeostatic model assessment, lipid profile (triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol), interleukin-6, and total antioxidant capacity. The most frequent of high-risk genotype (AA) of FTO rs9939609 was in HIO, LIO, HINW, and LINW. Conclusion T2DM patients with inflammatory condition have similar degree of increased atherogenic risk irrespective of obesity. The obesity-risk genotype AA of FTO gene was associated with an increased risk for inflammatory obesity in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Alipour
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Rostami
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Précoma DB, Oliveira GMMD, Simão AF, Dutra OP, Coelho OR, Izar MCDO, Póvoa RMDS, Giuliano IDCB, Alencar Filho ACD, Machado CA, Scherr C, Fonseca FAH, Santos Filho RDD, Carvalho TD, Avezum Á, Esporcatte R, Nascimento BR, Brasil DDP, Soares GP, Villela PB, Ferreira RM, Martins WDA, Sposito AC, Halpern B, Saraiva JFK, Carvalho LSF, Tambascia MA, Coelho-Filho OR, Bertolami A, Correa Filho H, Xavier HT, Faria-Neto JR, Bertolami MC, Giraldez VZR, Brandão AA, Feitosa ADDM, Amodeo C, Souza DDSMD, Barbosa ECD, Malachias MVB, Souza WKSBD, Costa FAAD, Rivera IR, Pellanda LC, Silva MAMD, Achutti AC, Langowiski AR, Lantieri CJB, Scholz JR, Ismael SMC, Ayoub JCA, Scala LCN, Neves MF, Jardim PCBV, Fuchs SCPC, Jardim TDSV, Moriguchi EH, Schneider JC, Assad MHV, Kaiser SE, Lottenberg AM, Magnoni CD, Miname MH, Lara RS, Herdy AH, Araújo CGSD, Milani M, Silva MMFD, Stein R, Lucchese FA, Nobre F, Griz HB, Magalhães LBNC, Borba MHED, Pontes MRN, Mourilhe-Rocha R. Updated Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - 2019. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 113:787-891. [PMID: 31691761 PMCID: PMC7020870 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dalton Bertolim Précoma
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), Curitiba, PR - Brazil
- Sociedade Hospitalar Angelina Caron, Campina Grande do Sul, PR - Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raul Dias Dos Santos Filho
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP - Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Tales de Carvalho
- Clínica Cardiosport de Prevenção e Reabilitação, Florianópolis, SC - Brazil
- Departamento de Ergometria e Reabilitação Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brazileira de Cardiologia (DERC/SBC), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC - Brazil
| | - Álvaro Avezum
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Roberto Esporcatte
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
- Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
| | - Bruno Ramos Nascimento
- Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil
| | - David de Pádua Brasil
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerias (CMMG) da Fundação Educacional Lucas Machado (FELUMA), Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil
- Hospital Universitário Ciências Médicas (HUCM), Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Lavas (UFLA), Lavras, MG - Brazil
| | - Gabriel Porto Soares
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
- Universidade de Vassouras, Vassouras, RJ - Brazil
| | - Paolo Blanco Villela
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
- Hospital Samaritano, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
| | | | - Wolney de Andrade Martins
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ - Brazil
- Complexo Hospitalar de Niterói, Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campina, SP - Brazil
| | - Bruno Halpern
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Viviane Zorzanelli Rocha Giraldez
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | | | - Celso Amodeo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucia Campos Pellanda
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
- Fundação Universitária de cardiologia do RS (ICFUC), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jaqueline Ribeiro Scholz
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | - José Carlos Aidar Ayoub
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil
- Instituto de Moléstias Cardiovasculares, São José do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil
| | | | - Mario Fritsch Neves
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jamil Cherem Schneider
- SOS Cardio, Florianópolis, SC - Brazil
- Universidade do Sul de SC (Unisul), Florianópolis, SC - Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Lottenberg
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Hiroshi Miname
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Roberta Soares Lara
- Instituto de Nutrição Roberta Lara, Itu, SP - Brazil
- Diadia Nutrição e Gastronomia, Itu, SP - Brazil
| | - Artur Haddad Herdy
- Instituto de Cardiologia de Santa Catarina, São José, SC - Brazil
- Clínica Cardiosport de Prevenção e Reabilitação, Florianópolis, SC - Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Stein
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
| | | | | | - Hermilo Borba Griz
- Hospital Santa Joana Recife, Recife, PE - Brazil
- Hospital Agamenon Magalhães, Recife, PE - Brazil
| | | | | | - Mauro Ricardo Nunes Pontes
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
- Hospital São Francisco, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
| | - Ricardo Mourilhe-Rocha
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
- Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
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Raffield LM, Cox AJ, Criqui MH, Hsu FC, Terry JG, Xu J, Freedman BI, Carr JJ, Bowden DW. Associations of coronary artery calcified plaque density with mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes Heart Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:67. [PMID: 29751802 PMCID: PMC5946410 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery calcified plaque (CAC) is strongly predictive of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality, both in general populations and individuals with type 2 diabetes at high risk for CVD. CAC is typically reported as an Agatston score, which is weighted for increased plaque density. However, the role of CAC density in CVD risk prediction, independently and with CAC volume, remains unclear. METHODS We examined the role of CAC density in individuals with type 2 diabetes from the family-based Diabetes Heart Study and the African American-Diabetes Heart Study. CAC density was calculated as mass divided by volume, and associations with incident all-cause and CVD mortality [median follow-up 10.2 years European Americans (n = 902, n = 286 deceased), 5.2 years African Americans (n = 552, n = 93 deceased)] were examined using Cox proportional hazards models, independently and in models adjusted for CAC volume. RESULTS In European Americans, CAC density, like Agatston score and volume, was consistently associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality (p ≤ 0.002) in models adjusted for age, sex, statin use, total cholesterol, HDL, systolic blood pressure, high blood pressure medication use, and current smoking. However, these associations were no longer significant when models were additionally adjusted for CAC volume. CAC density was not significantly associated with mortality, either alone or adjusted for CAC volume, in African Americans. CONCLUSIONS CAC density is not associated with mortality independent from CAC volume in European Americans and African Americans with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 5100 Genetic Medicine Building, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Amanda J. Cox
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Molecular Basis of Disease, Griffith University, Southport, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Michael H. Criqui
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - James G. Terry
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jianzhao Xu
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine—Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - J. Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
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Bonfigli AR, Spazzafumo L, Prattichizzo F, Bonafè M, Mensà E, Micolucci L, Giuliani A, Fabbietti P, Testa R, Boemi M, Lattanzio F, Olivieri F. Leukocyte telomere length and mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50835-50844. [PMID: 27437767 PMCID: PMC5239440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) shortening is found in a number of age-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this study its possible association with mortality was analyzed in a sample of 568 T2DM patients (mean age 65.9 ± 9 years), who were followed for a median of 10.2 years (interquartile range 2.2). A number of demographic, laboratory and clinical parameters determined at baseline were evaluated as mortality risk factors. LTL was measured by quantitative real-time PCR and reported as T/S (telomere-to-single copy gene ratio). Age, gender, creatinine, diabetes duration at baseline, and LTL were significantly different between T2DM patients who were dead and alive at follow-up. In the Cox regression analysis adjusted for the confounding variables, shorter LTL, older age, and longer disease duration significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 3.45, 95%CI 1.02-12.5, p = 0.004). Kaplan-Maier analysis also found a different cumulative mortality risk for patients having an LTL shorter than the median (T/S ≤0.04) and disease duration longer than the median (>10 years) (log-rank = 11.02, p = 0.011). Time-dependent mortality risk stratification showed that T2DM duration and LTL combined was a fairly good predictor of mortality over the first 76 months of follow-up. In conclusion, LTL combined with clinical parameters can provide additive prognostic information on mortality risk in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liana Spazzafumo
- Center of Biostatistics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mensà
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, National Institute INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luigina Micolucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabbietti
- Center of Biostatistics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Testa
- Experimental Models in Clinical Pathology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Boemi
- Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology Unit, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, National Institute INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Prasada S, Oswalt C, Yeboah P, Saylor G, Bowden D, Yeboah J. Heart rate is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: The diabetes heart study. World J Diabetes 2018; 9:33-39. [PMID: 29359027 PMCID: PMC5763038 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the association of resting heart rate with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the Diabetes Heart Study (DHS).
METHODS Out of a total of 1443 participants recruited into the DHS, 1315 participants with type 2 diabetes who were free of atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia during the baseline exam were included in this analysis. Heart rate was collected from baseline resting electrocardiogram and mortality (all-cause and CVD) was obtained from state and national death registry. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) and Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to assess the association.
RESULTS The mean age, body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the cohort were 61.4 ± 9.2 years, 32.0 ± 6.6 kg/m2, and 139.4 ± 19.4 mmHg respectively. Fifty-six percent were females, 85% were whites, 15% were blacks, 18% were smokers. The mean ± SD heart rate was 69.8 (11.9) beats per minute (bpm). After a median follow-up time of 8.5 years (maximum follow-up time is 14.0 years), 258 participants were deceased. In K-M analysis, participants with heart rate above the median had a significantly higher event rate compared with those below the median (log-rank P = 0.0223). A one standard deviation increase in heart rate was associated with all-cause mortality in unadjusted (hazard ratio 1.16, 95%CI: 1.03-1.31) and adjusted (hazard ratio 1.20, 95%CI: 1.05-1.37) models. Similar results were obtained with CVD mortality as the outcome of interest.
CONCLUSION Heart rate is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in this population with type 2 diabetes. In this study, a 1-SD increase in heart rate was associated with a 20% increase in risk suggesting that additional prognostic information may be gleaned from this ubiquitously collected vital sign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Prasada
- Department of Medical School (Medical students), Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Cameron Oswalt
- Department of Medical School (Medical students), Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Phyllis Yeboah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Georgia Saylor
- Department of Heart and Vascular Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Donald Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Joseph Yeboah
- Department of Heart and Vascular Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States
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Engelmann J, Manuwald U, Rubach C, Kugler J, Birkenfeld AL, Hanefeld M, Rothe U. Determinants of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: a review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016; 17:129-37. [PMID: 27068710 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We aimed to review and summarize the evidence from accomplished trials analyzing factors influencing mortality in patients with T2DM and to provide some recommendations for targets and treatment in the European region. The following databases were searched for relevant trials: PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Of 3.806 citations, 134 trials met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS The reduction in lifetime for 65 + -years-old patients having less than 10 years T2DM amounts to 1.8 years. Having T2DM for more than 10 years lifetime will be reduced by 2.7 years. However, the lifetime shortening factor of T2DM will even be stronger for 40 + -years-old patients at onset. Males will lose 11.6 years of life and 18.6 QUALYs. T2DM among females will reduce life by 14 QUALYs by 22 years. From a statistical point of view, the highest mortality rate will occur in an over 55-years-old European smoking and non-compliant diabetic woman with alcohol abuse living in a rural area with a low level of education and a low socio-economic status. Furthermore, other co-morbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, gout, and depression affect mortality. Additionally, mortality will increase with a BMI over 35 and also with a BMI under 20-25. This refers to the obesity paradox indicating a higher mortality rate among normal weight patients with T2DM compared to overweight patients with T2DM. HbA1c-levels between 6.5 % and 7 % are associated with the lowest impact on mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Engelmann
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, TUD, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulf Manuwald
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, TUD, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constanze Rubach
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, TUD, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joachim Kugler
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, TUD, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Medical Clinic III, University Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, TUD, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
- Study Center Prof. Hanefeld, Research for Metabolic Vascular Syndrome, GWT-TUD GmbH, Fiedlerstraße 34, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markolf Hanefeld
- Study Center Prof. Hanefeld, Research for Metabolic Vascular Syndrome, GWT-TUD GmbH, Fiedlerstraße 34, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rothe
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, TUD, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Xiang L, Mittwede PN, Clemmer JS. Glucose Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Alterations in Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1815-39. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Johansen OE. Interpretation of cardiovascular outcome trials in type 2 diabetes needs a multiaxial approach. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:1092-6. [PMID: 26265995 PMCID: PMC4530322 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i9.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In cardiovascular (CV) diabetology a "one-size fits-all" approach needs caution as vasculopathy and CV manifestations in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with short disease duration are different as compared to those with longer duration. This is of relevance when interpreting results of CV outcome trials as responses to any intervention aimed to reduce CV risk might be different in patients with established vasculopathy as compared to those without, where also the duration of the intervention may play a role. Additionally, the mode-of-action of the intervention and its assumed time to peak CV risk modulation need to be taken into account: an intervention with possibly immediate effects, like on blood pressure or other direct functional dynamic parameters such as endothelial function or renal hemodynamics, could likely provide a meaningful impact on CV outcomes over a shorter time span than interventions that primarily target pathways that work on atherosclerotic processes, organ-remodelling, or vessel integrity. We are now faced with CV outcome results to interpret from a plethora of outcomes trials in T2D, some of which are testing the CV risk modulation predominantly beyond glucose lowering, e.g., as is the case for several trials testing the newer therapy classes di-peptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like protein-1 receptor analogues and sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, and this paper reviews the data that support a call for a multiaxial approach to interpret these results.
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Prudente S, Shah H, Bailetti D, Pezzolesi M, Buranasupkajorn P, Mercuri L, Mendonca C, De Cosmo S, Niewczas M, Trischitta V, Doria A. Genetic Variant at the GLUL Locus Predicts All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:2658-63. [PMID: 25677913 PMCID: PMC4477355 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10911021 at the glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) locus has been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The effect of this SNP on mortality was investigated among 1,242 white subjects with type 2 diabetes from the Joslin Kidney Study (JKS) (n = 416) and the Gargano Mortality Study (GMS) (n = 826). During a mean follow-up of 12.8 ± 5.8 and 7.5 ± 2.2 years, respectively, a total of 215 and 164 deaths were observed in the two studies. In both cohorts, the all-cause mortality rate significantly increased with the number of rs10911021 risk alleles, with allelic hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.32 (95% CI 1.07-1.64, P = 0.01), 1.30 (1.10-1.69, P = 0.04), and 1.32 (1.12-1.55, P = 0.0011), respectively, in the JKS, the GMS, and the two studies combined. These associations were not affected by adjustment for possible confounders. In the JKS, for which data on causes of death were available, the HR for cardiovascular mortality was 1.51 (1.12-2.04, P = 0.0077) as opposed to 1.15 (0.84-1.55, P = 0.39) for mortality from noncardiovascular causes. These findings point to SNP rs10911021 as an independent modulator of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and, together with the previous observation, suggest that this results from an effect of this variant on cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Hetal Shah
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Diego Bailetti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcus Pezzolesi
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Patinut Buranasupkajorn
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Luana Mercuri
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Department of Medicine, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Monika Niewczas
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Laboratory, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Pauff BR, Jiroutek MR, Holland MA, Sutton BS. Statin Prescribing Patterns: An Analysis of Data From Patients With Diabetes in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Outpatient Department and National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Databases, 2005–2010. Clin Ther 2015; 37:1329-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Raffield LM, Hsu FC, Cox AJ, Carr JJ, Freedman BI, Bowden DW. Predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in type 2 diabetes: Diabetes Heart Study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:58. [PMID: 26146522 PMCID: PMC4490739 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies evaluated the best predictors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but few studies examined the factors most strongly associated with mortality in T2D. The Diabetes Heart Study (DHS), an intensively phenotyped family-based cohort enriched for T2D, provided an opportunity to address this question. METHODS Associations with mortality were examined in 1022 European Americans affected by T2D from 476 DHS families. All-cause mortality was 31.2 % over an average 9.6 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models with sandwich-based variance estimation were used to evaluate associations between all-cause and CVD mortality and 24 demographic and clinical factors, including coronary artery calcified plaque (CAC), carotid artery intima-media thickness, medications, body mass index, waist hip ratio, lipids, blood pressure, kidney function, QT interval, educational attainment, and glycemic control. Nominally significant factors (p < 0.25) from univariate analyses were included in model selection (backward elimination, forward selection, and stepwise selection). Age and sex were included in all models. RESULTS The all-cause mortality model selected from the full DHS sample included age, sex, CAC, urine albumin: creatinine ratio (UACR), insulin use, current smoking, and educational attainment. The CVD mortality model selected from the full sample included age, sex, CAC, UACR, triglycerides, and history of CVD events. Beyond age, the most significant associations for both mortality models were CAC (2.03 × 10(-4) ≤ p ≤ 0.001) and UACR (1.99 × 10(-8) ≤ p ≤ 2.23 × 10(-8)). To confirm the validity of the main predictors identified with model selection using the full sample, a two-fold cross-validation approach was used, and similar results were observed. CONCLUSIONS This analysis highlights important demographic and clinical factors, notably CAC and albuminuria, which predict mortality in the general population of patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Raffield
- />Molecular Genetics and Genomics Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- />Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- />Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- />Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Amanda J. Cox
- />Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- />Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- />Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - J. Jeffrey Carr
- />Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- />Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- />Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- />Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- />Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- />Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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