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Harloff M, Prüschenk S, Seifert R, Schlossmann J. Activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase signalling with cinaciguat improves impaired kidney function in diabetic mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2460-2475. [PMID: 33651375 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause for end-stage renal disease worldwide. Until now, there is no specific therapy available. Standard treatment with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system just slows down progression. However, targeting the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway using sGC activators does prevent kidney damage. Thus, we investigated if the sGC activator cinaciguat was beneficial in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy, and we analysed how mesangial cells (MCs) were affected by related conditions in cell culture. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Type 1 diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in wild-type and endothelial NOS knockout (eNOS KO) mice for 8 or 12 weeks.. Half of these mice received cinaciguat in their chow for the last 4 weeks. Kidneys from the diabetic mice were analysed with histochemical assays and by RT-PCR and western blotting. . Additionally, primary murine MCs under diabetic conditions were stimulated with 8-Br-cGMP or cinaciguat to activate the sGC/cGMP pathway. KEY RESULTS The diabetic eNOS KO mice developed most characteristics of diabetic nephropathy, most marked at 12 weeks. Treatment with cinaciguat markedly improved GFR, serum creatinine, mesangial expansion and kidney fibrosis in these animals. We determined expression levels of related signalling proteins. Thrombospondin 1, a key mediator in kidney diseases, was strongly up-regulated under diabetic conditions and this increase was suppressed by activation of sGC/cGMP signalling. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of the NO/sGC/PKG pathway with cinaciguat was beneficial in a model of diabetic nephropathy. Activators of sGC might be an appropriate therapy option in patients with Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Harloff
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sally Prüschenk
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Schlossmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Urinary cGMP predicts major adverse renal events in patients with mild renal impairment and/or diabetes mellitus before exposure to contrast medium. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195828. [PMID: 29649334 PMCID: PMC5896998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of iodine-based contrast agents entails the risk of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). Radiocontrast agents elicit the third most common cause of nephropathy among hospitalized patients, accounting for 11-12% of cases. CIN is connected with clinically significant consequences, including increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, increased risk of complications, potential need for dialysis, and increased mortality rate. The number of in-hospital examinations using iodine-based contrast media has been significantly increasing over the last decade. In order to protect patients from possible complications of such examinations, new biomarkers are needed that are able to predict a risk of contrast-induced nephropathy. Urinary and plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations are influenced by renal function. Urinary cGMP is primarily of renal cellular origin. Therefore, we assessed if urinary cGMP concentration may predict major adverse renal events (MARE) after contrast media exposure during coronary angiography. METHODS Urine samples were prospectively collected from non-randomized consecutive patients with either diabetes or preexisting impaired kidney function receiving intra-arterial contrast medium (CM) for emergent or elective coronary angiography at the Charité Campus Mitte, University Hospital Berlin. Urinary cGMP concentration in spot urine was analyzed 24 hours after CM exposure. Patients were followed up over 90 days for occurrence of death, initiation of dialysis, doubling of plasma creatinine concentration or MARE. RESULTS In total, 289 consecutive patients were included into the study. Urine cGMP/creatinine ratio 24 hours before CM exposure expressed as mean±SD was predictive for the need of dialysis (no dialysis: 89.77±92.85 μM/mM, n = 277; need for dialysis: 140.3±82.90 μM/mM, n = 12, p = 0.008), death (no death during follow-up: 90.60±92.50 μM/mM, n = 280; death during follow-up: 169.88±81.52 μM/mM, n = 9; p = 0.002), and the composite endpoint MARE (no MARE: 86.02±93.17 μM/mM, n = 271; MARE: 146.64±74.68 μM/mM, n = 18, p<0.001) during the follow-up of 90 days after contrast media application. cGMP/creatinine ratio stayed significantly increased at values exceeding 120 μM/mM in patients who developed MARE, required dialysis or died. CONCLUSIONS Urinary cGMP/creatinine ratio ≥ 120 μM/mM before CM exposure is a promising biomarker for the need of dialysis and all-cause mortality 90 days after CM exposure in patients with preexisting renal impairment or diabetes.
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Sole SS, Srinivasan BP, Akarte AS. Anti-inflammatory action of Tamarind seeds reduces hyperglycemic excursion by repressing pancreatic β-cell damage and normalizing SREBP-1c concentration. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:350-360. [PMID: 23151094 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.729067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tamarindus indica L. (Leguminosae) is widely used as a traditional medicine for the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in India, in addition to its anti-inflammatory activity. The present study has been designed to understand the correlation involved between antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory action of aqueous seed extract of T. indica (TSE) in diabetic rats. OBJECTIVE In view of the fact that fatty acid synthesis and insulin release from islets of pancreas are regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP-1c) and cytosolic calcium, respectively, the objectives of present study were to determine the influence of TSE on SREBP-1c mRNA and to investigate the intracellular islets calcium [Ca²⁺](I) involvement and β-cell mass preservation in insulin secretagogue action of TSE. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of 4 weeks oral treatment (120 and 240 mg/kg) of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) standardized TSE was studied in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and a spectrofluorometer were used for mRNA concentration and islets [Ca²⁺](I) determination, respectively. The TUNEL assay was followed to study the pancreatic apoptosis. RESULTS TSE (120 and 240 mg/kg) showed positive correlation with [Ca²⁺](I) and insulin release. The anti-inflammatory action of TSE was significant on nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in addition to a favorable effect on β-cell neogenesis and improved mRNA concentration of SREBP-1c. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results suggest that anti-inflammatory action of Tamarind seeds on β-cell cells of islets and cytokines contribute toward its antidiabetic activity by way of complex mechanisms of [Ca²⁺](I) handling and through SREBP-1c gene in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant S Sole
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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Le Guillou V, Tamion F, Jouet I, Richard V, Mulder P, Bessou JP, Doguet F. Mesenteric endothelial dysfunction in a cardiopulmonary bypass rat model: the effect of diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2012; 9:270-9. [PMID: 22278737 DOI: 10.1177/1479164111434432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a risk factor for perioperative complications after cardiac surgery. We studied its effects on mesenteric endothelial function in a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model. METHODS Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sham (D-CPB-), cardiopulmonary bypass (D-CPB+), diabetic (D+CPB-) and diabetic that have undergone CPB (D+CPB+). Two samples of mesenteric artery were used for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) Western blot analysis, and two others for assessing contractile response and endothelium relaxations. Nitrite products and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed as markers of inflammatory response. RESULTS We observed an enhanced contractile response to the α-adrenergic agonist associated with impairment of mesenteric vasorelaxation in D+CPB+ rats. Western immunoblot analysis of D+CPB+ highlighted an additive effect of hyper-expression of inducible NOS. A significantly increased inflammatory response was observed after CPB in diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS This work confirms the potential deleterious impact of diabetes on the mesenteric endothelium during CPB in cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Guillou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, France
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Joung HY, Jung EY, Kim K, Lee MS, Her S, Shim I. The differential role of NOS inhibitors on stress-induced anxiety and neuroendocrine alterations in the rat. Behav Brain Res 2012; 235:176-81. [PMID: 22884925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) have been shown to possess antidepressant- and anxiolytic-properties in animal model. In order to examine the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) on stress-induced neurobehavioral changes and the concomitant alterations of neuroendocrinological factors, we studied the effects of the nonselective NOS inhibitor, N(ω)-Nitro L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and the specific neuronal NOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) on restraint stress-induced anxiety in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and biochemical analysis. Restraint stress significantly reduced the latency time in open arm and the percentage of open arm entries of the plus maze. Pretreatment with L-NAME (10 mg/kg) or 7-NI (10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated stress-induced anxiety response. In addition, administration of L-NAME (10 mg/kg) reversed stress-induced increase in corticosterone and NO metabolites (NO(x)) in plasma. The administration of 7-NI, but not L-NAME, reversed stress-induced NO(x) in paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and locus coeruleus (LC), accompanying with decrease of NADPH-d reactivity in the PVN and lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus (LTDg). These results showed that L-NAME influences HPA axis activity such as corticosterone levels and NO(x) in plasma, whereas 7-NI produced anxiolytic-like effects through the direct reduction in NO(x) in the brain. The results of this study demonstrated that NOS inhibitors have differential effect on stress responses and inhibition of NO could be responsible for the beneficial effect on regulation of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Joung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
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Ghasemi A, Zahediasl S, Azimzadeh I, Azizi F. Increased serum nitric oxide metabolites in dysglycaemia. Ann Hum Biol 2011; 38:577-82. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2011.575384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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de Amorim CG, Malbouisson LMS, Saraiva BM, Pedro FMDS, Martins MA, Carmona MJC. Evaluation of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Patients Undergoing Myocardial Revascularization with Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2009; 59:286-96. [DOI: 10.1590/s0034-70942009000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Dose dependence and therapeutic window for the neuroprotective effects of curcumin in thromboembolic model of rat. Behav Brain Res 2008; 193:289-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pereira FO, Frode TS, Medeiros YS. Evaluation of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2 soluble receptor, nitric oxide metabolites, and lipids as inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mediators Inflamm 2007; 2006:39062. [PMID: 16864902 PMCID: PMC1570394 DOI: 10.1155/mi/2006/39062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the results of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 soluble receptor (sIL-2R), nitric oxide
metabolites (NOx), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol), lowdensity
lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol), and triglycerides) between control group (nondiabetic subjects) and overweight type 2
DM subjects. To restrict the influence of variables that could interfere in the interpretation of data, subjects with obesity and/or
acute or chronic inflammatory disease, haemoglobinopathies, recent use of antibiotics, antiinflammatory drugs, and trauma were
excluded. Type 2 DM patients (n = 39; age 53.3 ± 9.0 years; median glycated haemoglobin A1c < 8%) presented higher
levels of TNF-α, triglycerides (P < .01), NOx and sIL-2R (P < .05) than control group (n = 28; age 39.7 ± 14.1 years). CRP, LDL-cholesterol,
total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol did not differ among groups. Diabetic women
(n = 21) had higher levels of TNF-α, total
cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol than diabetic
men (n = 18) (P < .05), but there were no differences among
sexes in the control group. This study indicates that increased level of proinflammatory markers occurs in type 2 DM even in the
absence of obesity and marked hyperglycaemia, confirming that the inflammation course of the atherosclerotic process is more
severe in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Ozorio Pereira
- Diabetes Unit, Governador Celso Ramos Hospital, 88020-30 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- *Flávia Ozorio Pereira:
| | - Tânia Silvia Frode
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Sciences, and Health Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis,
Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yara Santos Medeiros
- Diabetes Unit, Governador Celso Ramos Hospital, 88020-30 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88049-900 Florianópolis,
Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Elahi MM, Matata BM. Free radicals in blood: Evolving concepts in the mechanism of ischemic heart disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2006; 450:78-88. [PMID: 16620764 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been a considerable debate over past decade on how reactive oxidant species (ROS) in blood augment the cell signaling processes involved in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. In particular, it is not clear whether ROS is an important component of the cross-talk between blood and elements of the vasculature during the initial and latter stages of vascular injury and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Features like the recruitment of the circulating activated monocytes, T cells and granulocytes occur extensively in patients with acute coronary syndromes. It is not known what drives the infiltration of these cells into the vessel wall in the active stages of atherosclerosis and whether ROS plays an intermediate part. Currently, the thinking is that although inflammatory processes may be prompted by different etiological factors from that of coronary heart disease, the presence of ROS in circulating blood is the key intermediary related to vascular injury and organ dysfunction. We review, the clinical and experimental data of the mechanisms involved, and evaluate the wider implications of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Elahi
- The Cardiothoracic Centre, Liverpool NHS Trust, Thomas Drive, Liverpool, L14 3PE, UK
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Harmon D, Eustace N, Ghori K, Butler M, O'Callaghan S, O'Donnell A, Moore-Groarke GM, Shorten G. Plasma concentrations of nitric oxide products and cognitive dysfunction following coronary artery bypass surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005; 22:269-76. [PMID: 15892404 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021505000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Prospective longitudinal studies now indicate that cognitive dysfunction following coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) is both common and persistent. This dysfunction is due in part to the inflammatory response and cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion, with nitric oxide (NO) as an important mediator of both. We hypothesized that a clinically significant association exists between plasma concentrations of nitrate/nitrite (NO3-/NO2-) and cognitive dysfunction after CABG. METHODS Cognitive assessment was performed on 36 adult patients the day before CABG, on the fourth postoperative day and 3 months postoperatively. Patient spouses (n = 10) were also studied. RESULTS A new cognitive deficit was present in 22/36 (62%) 4 days postoperatively and in 16/35 (49%) of patients, 3 months postoperatively. Patients who had cognitive dysfunction 3 months postoperatively were more likely to have cognitive dysfunction and increased plasma NO3-/NO2- concentrations compared to the non-deficit group preoperatively (22.6 (9.2) vs. 27.6 (8.4)) (P = 0.002). Plasma NOx (NO3- plus NO2-) concentrations were greater in patients with cognitive dysfunction 3 months postoperatively, 2 h (24.2 (6.3) vs. 19.1 (5.2)) (P = 0.002), and 12 h postoperatively (24.8 (7.6) vs. 18.8 (5.6)) (P = 0.001). There was, however, a time course similarity in NOx elevations for both deficit and non-deficit groups. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative plasma NOx concentrations do not serve as an effective biomarker of cognitive deficit after CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Harmon
- Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK.
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Voisine P, Ruel M, Khan TA, Bianchi C, Xu SH, Kohane I, Libermann TA, Otu H, Saltiel AR, Sellke FW. Differences in gene expression profiles of diabetic and nondiabetic patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest. Circulation 2005; 110:II280-6. [PMID: 15364876 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000138974.18839.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for early postoperative mortality and complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We sought to compare the cardiac gene expression responses to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic arrest (C) in patients with and without diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty atrial myocardium samples were harvested from 5 type II insulin-dependent diabetic and 5 matched nondiabetic patients undergoing CABG, before and after CPB/C. Oligonucleotide microarray analyses of 12625 genes were performed on the 10 sample pairs using matched pre-CPB tissues as controls. Array results were validated with Northern blotting and immunoblotting. Compared with pre-CPB/C, post-CPB/C myocardial tissues revealed 851 upregulated and 480 downregulated genes with a threshold P< or =0.025 (signal-to-noise ratio, 4.04) in the diabetic group, compared with 480 upregulated and 626 downregulated genes (signal-to-noise ratio, 3.04) in the nondiabetic group (P<0.001). There were 18 genes that were upregulated >4-fold in diabetic and nondiabetic patients (including inflammatory/transcription activators FOS, CYR 61, and IL-6, apoptotic gene NR4A1, stress gene DUSP1, and glucose-transporter gene SLC2A3). However, 28 genes showed such marked upregulation in the diabetic group exclusively (including inflammatory/transcription activators MYC, IL8, IL-1beta, growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor, amphiregulin, and glucose metabolism-involved gene insulin receptor substrate 1), and 27 genes in the nondiabetic group only, including glycogen-binding subunit PPP1R3C. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression profile after CPB/C is quantitatively and qualitatively different in patients with diabetes. These results have important implications for the design of tailored myocardial protection and operative strategies for diabetic patients undergoing CPB/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Voisine
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02215, USA
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Zhu DY, Deng Q, Yao HH, Wang DC, Deng Y, Liu GQ. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the ischemic core and penumbra after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Life Sci 2002; 71:1985-96. [PMID: 12175893 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present observations examined the hypothesis that the iNOS expression in the ischemic penumbra after a transient focal ischemic insult is involved in the recruitment of penumbra into infarction. The middle cerebral artery in mice was occluded for 2 h by an intraluminal filament and then recirculated. The measurement of iNOS activity, iNOS protein formation and NO concentration in the ischemic core and penumbra, and the determination of infarct volume were performed at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after reperfusion. iNOS protein and iNOS enzymatic activity appeared at 6 h, peaked at 24 h, and declined at 48 h in the penumbra after reperfusion. iNOS protein was not detectable in contralateral area and in sham-operated brains. The time course of iNOS protein, enzymatic activity and NO concentration in the penumbra but not in the core matched the process of infarct maturation. Treatment with iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (100 mg.kg(-1), i.p.) at 6 and 12 h after reperfusion inhibited iNOS activity by 88.0 +/- 10.4% and reduced NO concentration by 48.5 +/- 8.3% in the penumbra, and lessened infarct size by 48.8 +/- 7.2%. The iNOS activity and NO level in the core were not affected by the administration of aminoguanidine. These results suggest that iNOS expression in the ischemic penumbra is involved in the recruitment of penumbra into infarction and thereby contributing to the enlargement of infarct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ya Zhu
- Pharmacology Department, New Drug Research Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Tong Jia Xiang 24#, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Vassalle C, Lubrano V, L'Abbate A, Clerico A. Determination of nitrite plus nitrate and malondialdehyde in human plasma: analytical performance and the effect of smoking and exercise. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002; 40:802-9. [PMID: 12392309 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2002.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance and clinical usefulness of spectrophotometric assays for the measurement of the plasma levels of nitrite plus nitrate (NOx), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as an index of nitric oxide release and lipid peroxidation, respectively. We studied 30 healthy sedentary volunteers, 12 endurance athletes and 12 regular heavy smokers. The lower limit of quantification for plasma NOx concentration was 1 micromol/l, and linearity was observed from 1 to 40 micromol/l of NOx concentration. Variation in replicate samples within or between days was always below 5%. NOx levels were significantly higher in athletes compared to both control subjects and smokers (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively), as well as in healthy subjects compared to smokers (p<0.05). The analytical limit of quantification for plasma MDA concentration was 0.03 micromol/l, and linearity was observed from 0.03 to 20 micromol/l of MDA concentration. Variation in replicate samples within or between runs was <5%. Mean MDA concentration was significantly higher in smokers compared to control subjects and athletes (p<0.001). A significant inverse relationship (p<0.001) was observed when comparing NOx with MDA (r=-0.49) or LDL levels (r=-0.30) in the total population. The assays evaluated in this study proved to be sensitive, specific and practicable, and therefore suitable for routine application in clinical chemistry laboratories and/or physiopathological studies involving human blood samples.
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Current literature in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2002; 18:162-9. [PMID: 11994909 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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