1
|
Diallo M, Herrera F. The role of understudied post-translational modifications for the behavior and function of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3. FEBS J 2021; 289:6235-6255. [PMID: 34235865 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors is involved in inflammation, immunity, development, cancer, and response to injury, among other biological phenomena. Canonical STAT signaling is often represented as a 3-step pathway involving the sequential activation of a membrane receptor, an intermediate kinase, and a STAT transcription factor. The rate-limiting phosphorylation at a highly conserved C-terminal tyrosine residue determines the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of STATs. This apparent simplicity is actually misleading and can hardly explain the pleiotropic nature of STATs, the existence of various noncanonical STAT pathways, or the key role of the N-terminal domain in STAT functions. More than 80 post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been identified for STAT3, but their functions remain barely understood. Here, we provide a brief but comprehensive overview of these underexplored PTMs and their role on STAT3 canonical and noncanonical functions. A less tyrosine-centric point of view may be required to advance our understanding of STAT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Diallo
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Cell Structure and Dynamics Laboratory, BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências integrativas, Lisbon, Portugal.,MOSTMICRO Research Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Federico Herrera
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Cell Structure and Dynamics Laboratory, BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências integrativas, Lisbon, Portugal.,MOSTMICRO Research Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang W, Xu Q, Wu J, Zhou X, Weng J, Xu J, Wang W, Huang Q, Guo X. Role of Src in Vascular Hyperpermeability Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14090. [PMID: 26381822 PMCID: PMC4585381 DOI: 10.1038/srep14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of microvascular barrier in response to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) stimulation contributes to vasculopathy associated with diabetes mellitus. Here, to study the role of Src and its association with moesin, VE-cadherin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in AGE-induced vascular hyperpermeability, we verified that AGE induced phosphorylation of Src, causing increased permeability in HUVECs. Cells over-expressed Src displayed a higher permeability after AGE treatment, accompanied with more obvious F-actin rearrangement. Activation of Src with pcDNA3/flag-SrcY530F alone duplicated these effects. Inhibition of Src with siRNA, PP2 or pcDNA3/flag-SrcK298M abolished these effects. The pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) isolated from receptor for AGEs (RAGE)-knockout mice decreased the phosphorylation of Src and attenuated the barrier dysfunction after AGE-treatment. In vivo study showed that the exudation of dextran from mesenteric venules was increased in AGE-treated mouse. This was attenuated in RAGE knockout or PP2-pretreated mice. Up-regulation of Src activity induced the phosphorylation of moesin, as well as activation and dissociation of VE-cadherin, while down-regulation of Src abolished these effects. FAK was also proved to interact with Src in HUVECs stimulated with AGEs. Our studies demonstrated that Src plays a critical role in AGE-induced microvascular hyperpermeability by phosphorylating moesin, VE-cadherin, and FAK respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiulin Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, 510010, China.,Postdoctoral Workstation, Huabo Bio-pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Weng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weiju Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gross cystic disease fluid protein-15/prolactin-inducible protein as a biomarker for keratoconus disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113310. [PMID: 25405607 PMCID: PMC4236164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC) is a bilateral degenerative disease of the cornea characterized by corneal bulging, stromal thinning, and scarring. The etiology of the disease is unknown. In this study, we identified a new biomarker for KC that is present in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, tear samples were collected from age-matched controls with no eye disease (n = 36) and KC diagnosed subjects (n = 17). Samples were processed for proteomics using LC-MS/MS. In vitro, cells were isolated from controls (Human Corneal Fibroblasts-HCF) and KC subjects (Human Keratoconus Cells-HKC) and stimulated with a Vitamin C (VitC) derivative for 4 weeks, and with one of the three transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) isoforms. Samples were analyzed using real-time PCR and Western Blots. By using proteomics analysis, the Gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15) or prolactin-inducible protein (PIP) was found to be the best independent biomarker able to discriminate between KC and controls. The intensity of GCDFP-15/PIP was significantly higher in healthy subjects compared to KC-diagnosed. Similar findings were seen in vitro, using a 3D culture model. All three TGF-β isoforms significantly down-regulated the expression of GCDFP-15/PIP. Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (AZGP1), a protein that binds to PIP, was identified by proteomics and cell culture to be highly regulated. In this study by different complementary techniques we confirmed the potential role of GCDFP-15/PIP as a novel biomarker for KC disease. It is likely that exploring the GCDFP-15/PIP-AZGP1 interactions will help better understand the mechanism of KC disease.
Collapse
|
4
|
Soboleva AG, Bruskin SA, Nikolaev AA, Sobolev VV, Mezentsev AV. Role of receptor for advanced glycation end-products in pathogenesis of psoriasis. Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893313050191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
5
|
Yang SJ, Chen CY, Chang GD, Wen HC, Chen CY, Chang SC, Liao JF, Chang CH. Activation of Akt by advanced glycation end products (AGEs): involvement of IGF-1 receptor and caveolin-1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58100. [PMID: 23472139 PMCID: PMC3589465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which in turn facilitates the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs activate signaling proteins such as Src, Akt and ERK1/2. However, the mechanisms by which AGEs activate these kinases remain unclear. We examined the effect of AGEs on Akt activation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Addition of AGEs to 3T3-L1 cells activated Akt in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The AGEs-stimulated Akt activation was blocked by a PI3-kinase inhibitor LY 294002, Src inhibitor PP2, an antioxidant NAC, superoxide scavenger Tiron, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) oxidase inhibitor DPI, suggesting the involvement of Src and NAD(P)H oxidase in the activation of PI3-kinase-Akt pathway by AGEs. AGEs-stimulated Src tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by NAC, suggesting that Src is downstream of NAD(P)H oxidase. The AGEs-stimulated Akt activity was sensitive to Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) kinase inhibitor AG1024. Furthermore, AGEs induced phosphorylation of IGF-1 receptorβsubunit (IGF-1Rβ) on Tyr1135/1136, which was sensitive to PP2, indicating that AGEs stimulate Akt activity by transactivating IGF-1 receptor. In addition, the AGEs-stimulated Akt activation was attenuated by β-methylcyclodextrin that abolishes the structure of caveolae, and by lowering caveolin-1 (Cav-1) levels with siRNAs. Furthermore, addition of AGEs enhanced the interaction of phospho-Cav-1 with IGF-1Rβ and transfection of 3T3-L1 cells with Cav-1 Y14F mutants inhibited the activation of Akt by AGEs. These results suggest that AGEs activate NAD(P)H oxidase and Src which in turn phosphorylates IGF-1 receptor and Cav-1 leading to activation of IGF-1 receptor and the downstream Akt in 3T3-L1 cells. AGEs treatment promoted the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and addition of AG1024, LY 294002 or Akt inhibitor attenuated the promoting effect of AGEs on adipogenesis, suggesting that IGF-1 receptor, PI3-Kinase and Akt are involved in the facilitation of adipogenesis by AGEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Yang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yu Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Geen-Dong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Chin Wen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Yu Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chuan Chang
- Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SCC); (CHC)
| | - Jyh-Fei Liao
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ho Chang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SCC); (CHC)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Gilbert
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morales JK, Falanga YT, Depcrynski A, Fernando J, Ryan JJ. Mast cell homeostasis and the JAK-STAT pathway. Genes Immun 2010; 11:599-608. [PMID: 20535135 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2010.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway mediates important responses in immune cells. Activation of any of the four JAK family members leads to phosphorylation of one or more of seven STAT family members. Phosphorylation of STAT family members leads to their dimerization and translocation into the nucleus, in which they bind specific DNA sequences to activate gene transcription. Regulation of JAKs and STATs therefore has a significant effect on signal transduction and subsequent cellular responses. Mast cells are important mediators of allergic disease and asthma. These cells have the ability to cause profound inflammation and vasodilation upon the release of preformed mediators, as well as subsequent synthesis of new inflammatory mediators. The regulation of mast cells is therefore of intense interest for the treatment of allergic disease. An important regulator of mast cells, STAT5, is activated downstream of the receptors for immunoglobulin E, interleukin-3 and stem cell factor. STAT5 contributes to mast cell homeostasis, by mediating proliferation, survival, and mediator release. Regulators of the JAK-STAT pathway, such as the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) and protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) proteins, are required to fine tune the immune response and maintain homeostasis. A better understanding of the role and regulation of JAKs and STATs in mast cells is vital for the development of new therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Morales
- Department of Biology and VCU Allergy and Allergic Disease Cooperative Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gallicchio MA, Bach LA. Advanced glycation end products inhibit Na+ K+ ATPase in proximal tubule epithelial cells: role of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase gamma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:919-30. [PMID: 20435073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycaemia during diabetes leads to non-enzymatic glycation of proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that contribute to nephropathy. In diabetes, renal Na+ K+ ATPase (NKA) activity is downregulated and phosphoinositide metabolism is upregulated. We examined the effects of AGEs on NKA activity in porcine LLC-PK1 and human HK2 proximal tubule epithelial cells. AGE-BSA increased cellular phosphoinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) production as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and thin layer chromatography. AGE-BSA (40 microM) induced 3H-arachidonic acid release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activation. Within minutes, AGE-BSA significantly inhibited NKA surface expression and activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner as determined by immunofluorescence staining and [86Rb+] uptake, respectively, suggesting AGEs inhibit NKA by stimulating its endocytosis. The AGE-BSA-induced decrease in cell surface NKA was reversed by a cPLA2alpha inhibitor, neomycin, a PIP2 inhibitor, and PP2, a Src inhibitor. AGE-BSA increased binding of NKA to the alpha-adaptin but not beta2- or mu2-adaptin subunits of the AP-2 clathrin pit adaptor complex. Transfection of HK2 cells with PIP5Kgamma siRNA prevented AGE-BSA inhibition of NKA activity. AGEs may stimulate PIP5Kgamma to increase PIP2 production, which may enhance AP-2 localisation to clathrin pits, increase clathrin pit formation, enhance NKA cargo recognition by AP-2 and/or stimulate cPLA2alpha activity. These results suggest AGEs modulate arachidonic acid and phosphoinositide metabolism to inhibit NKA via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Elucidation of new intracellular AGE signaling pathways may lead to improved therapies for diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Gallicchio
- Monash University, Department of Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Rd., Prahran, 3004, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cohen MP, Shea EA, Wu VY. Inhibiting low-density lipoprotein glycation ameliorates increased cholesteryl ester synthesis in macrophages and hypercholesterolemia and aortic lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Metabolism 2010; 59:658-63. [PMID: 19922964 PMCID: PMC2856719 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased nonenzymatic glycation of apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins impairs uptake and metabolism by the high-affinity low-density lipoprotein receptor and is one of the postsecretory modifications contributory to accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes. The present study evaluated in vitro and in vivo effects of 2,2-chlorophenylaminophenylacetate to probe the influence of glycated lipoprotein on cholesterol homeostasis. This compound prevented the increased formation of glycated products in low-density lipoprotein incubated with 200 mmol/L glucose and the increased cholesteryl ester synthesis in THP-1 macrophages induced by apo B-containing lipoproteins preincubated with high glucose concentration. The elevated circulating concentrations of glycated lipoprotein and cholesterol and higher vascular levels of lipid peroxidation products observed in streptozotocin diabetic rats compared with nondiabetic controls were significantly reduced in diabetic animals treated for 6 months with test compound. These results are the first to demonstrate that inhibiting nonenzymatic glycation of apo B-containing lipoproteins ameliorates abnormalities contributory to hypercholesterolemia and atherogenic risk in diabetes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Negre-Salvayre A, Salvayre R, Augé N, Pamplona R, Portero-Otín M. Hyperglycemia and glycation in diabetic complications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:3071-109. [PMID: 19489690 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease, classically influenced by genetic determinants of individual susceptibility and by environmental accelerating factors, such as lifestyle. It is considered a major health concern,as its incidence is increasing at an alarming rate, and the high invalidating effects of its long-term complications affect macro- and microvasculature, heart, kidney, eye, and nerves. Increasing evidence indicates that hyperglycemia is the initiating cause of the tissue damage occurring in diabetes, either through repeated acute changes in cellular glucose metabolism, or through the long-term accumulation of glycated biomolecules and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs represent a heterogeneous group of chemical products resulting from a nonenzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, or a combination of these.The glycation process (glucose fixation) affects circulating proteins (serum albumin, lipoprotein, insulin, hemoglobin),whereas the formation of AGEs implicates reactive intermediates such as methylglyoxal. AGEs form cross-links on long-lived extracellular matrix proteins or react with their specific receptor RAGE, resulting inoxidative stress and proinflammatory signaling implicated in endothelium dysfunction, arterial stiffening, and microvascular complications. This review summarizes the mechanism of glycation and of AGEs formation and the role of hyperglycemia, AGEs, and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications.
Collapse
|
11
|
Santini E, Lupi R, Baldi S, Madec S, Chimenti D, Ferrannini E, Solini A. Effects of different LDL particles on inflammatory molecules in human mesangial cells. Diabetologia 2008; 51:2117-25. [PMID: 18751966 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Inflammation is a mechanism of glomerular damage in chronic glomerulopathies. LDL may increase the production of inflammatory cytokines in renal tissues. However, the relative role of native, oxidised and glycated LDL in promoting this process has been only partially elucidated. METHODS We tested the inflammatory and proapoptotic effects of native, oxidised and glycated LDL in human mesangial cells (HMCs) by measuring levels of IL6, CD40 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) genes, MIF protein, release of IL6, soluble CD40, fibronectin and laminin, early and late apoptosis, and extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. RESULTS IL6 and CD40 mRNA were dose-dependently upregulated by all three species; this was closely paralleled by their increased release. MIF mRNA was potently stimulated by modified LDL, as confirmed by immunostaining. Fibronectin and laminin release was stimulated by both oxidised and glycated, but not native, LDL. All LDL species induced some increase in late, but not early, apoptosis, and similarly activated JNK2/3 phosphorylation; in contrast, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was more strongly upregulated by oxidised than either native or glycated LDL. CONCLUSIONS In HMCs, the production and release of IL6 and CD40 is stimulated by both native and modified LDL, while MIF is more strongly stimulated by oxidised LDL. Regarding the pattern of mesangial expansion, fibronectin and laminin are upregulated by oxidised and glycated LDL. Apoptosis, if modest, is induced by all species. Intracellular signalling of native and modified LDL involves JNK2/3 and, perhaps more specifically, ERK1/2. Tight control of the lipid profile may be useful in preserving kidney function in patients with metabolic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Santini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, I-56100, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cassese A, Esposito I, Fiory F, Barbagallo APM, Paturzo F, Mirra P, Ulianich L, Giacco F, Iadicicco C, Lombardi A, Oriente F, Van Obberghen E, Beguinot F, Formisano P, Miele C. In skeletal muscle advanced glycation end products (AGEs) inhibit insulin action and induce the formation of multimolecular complexes including the receptor for AGEs. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:36088-99. [PMID: 18955497 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801698200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia promotes insulin resistance at least in part by increasing the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). We have previously shown that in L6 myotubes human glycated albumin (HGA) induces insulin resistance by activating protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha). Here we show that HGA-induced PKCalpha activation is mediated by Src. Coprecipitation experiments showed that Src interacts with both the receptor for AGE (RAGE) and PKCalpha in HGA-treated L6 cells. A direct interaction of PKCalpha with Src and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) has also been detected. In addition, silencing of IRS-1 expression abolished HGA-induced RAGE-PKCalpha co-precipitation. AGEs were able to induce insulin resistance also in vivo, as insulin tolerance tests revealed a significant impairment of insulin sensitivity in C57/BL6 mice fed a high AGEs diet (HAD). In tibialis muscle of HAD-fed mice, insulin-induced glucose uptake and protein kinase B phosphorylation were reduced. This was paralleled by a 2.5-fold increase in PKCalpha activity. Similarly to in vitro observations, Src phosphorylation was increased in tibialis muscle of HAD-fed mice, and co-precipitation experiments showed that Src interacts with both RAGE and PKCalpha. These results indicate that AGEs impairment of insulin action in the muscle might be mediated by the formation of a multimolecular complex including RAGE/IRS-1/Src and PKCalpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cassese
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dentelli P, Trombetta A, Togliatto G, Zeoli A, Rosso A, Uberti B, Orso F, Taverna D, Pegoraro L, Brizzi MF. Formation of STAT5/PPARgamma transcriptional complex modulates angiogenic cell bioavailability in diabetes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 29:114-20. [PMID: 18927468 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.172247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) expansion is a multistage process requiring sequential activation of transcriptional factors, including STAT5. STAT5, in concert with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), seems to induce discrete biological responses in different tissues. In the present study we investigated the role of STAT5 and PPARgamma in regulating CAC expansion in normal and diabetic settings. METHODS AND RESULTS Normal and diabetic CACs were used. siRNA technology, EMSA, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay as well as site-directed mutagenesis of the STAT5 response element in the PPARgamma promoter enabled us to demonstrate that STAT5 transcriptional activity controls PPARgamma expression. Moreover, FACS analysis, coimmunoprecipitation experiments, and ChIP assay revealed that a STAT5/PPARgamma transcriptional complex controls cyclin D1 expression and CAC progression into the cell-cycle. Conversely, PPARgamma agonists, by preventing the expression of STAT5 and the formation of the STAT5/PPARgamma heterodimeric complex failed to promote CAC expansion. Finally, we demonstrated that diabetic CAC functional capability can be recovered by molecules able to activate the STAT5/PPARgamma transcriptional complex. CONCLUSIONS Our data identify the STAT5/PPARgamma heterodimers as landmark of CAC expansion and provide evidences for a mechanism that partially rescues CAC bioavailability in diabetic setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Dentelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kunte DP, Wali RK, Koetsier JL, Roy HK. Antiproliferative effect of sulindac in colonic neoplasia prevention: role of COOH-terminal Src kinase. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1797-806. [PMID: 18644992 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) protection against colorectal cancer is well established, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We show herein that induction of the tumor suppressor gene COOH-terminal Src kinase (Csk) by NSAID is important for their antiproliferative and hence chemopreventive effects. In the azoxymethane-treated rat model of experimental colon carcinogenesis, sulindac treatment markedly induced Csk with a corresponding increase in inhibitory phosphorylation of Src (Tyr(527)). Sulindac-mediated Csk induction was replicated in the human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29, with a corresponding suppression of both Src kinase activity (63% of vehicle; P < 0.05) and E-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation (an in vivo Src target). To determine the importance of Csk in NSAID antiproliferative activity, we stably transfected a Csk-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) vector into HT-29 cells, thereby blunting the sulindac-mediated Csk induction. These transfectants were significantly less responsive to the antiproliferative effect of sulindac sulfide (suppression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was 21 +/- 2.3% in transfectants versus 45 +/- 4.23% in wild-type cells), with a corresponding mitigation of the sulindac-mediated G(1)-S-phase arrest (S-phase cells 48 +/- 3.6% versus 14 +/- 2.8% of vehicle respectively). Importantly, the Csk shRNA cells had a marked decrease in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(cip/waf1), a critical regulator of G(1)-S-phase progression (49% of wild-type cells). Moreover, although sulindac-mediated induction of p21(cip/waf1) was 113% in wild-type HT-29, this induction was alleviated in the Csk shRNA transfectants (65% induction; P < 0.01). Thus, this is the first demonstration that the antiproliferative activity of NSAID is modulated, at least partly, through the Csk/Src axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay P Kunte
- Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Department of Internal Medicine, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Suite G208, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dentelli P, Rosso A, Zeoli A, Gambino R, Pegoraro L, Pagano G, Falcioni R, Brizzi MF. Oxidative stress-mediated mesangial cell proliferation requires RAC-1/reactive oxygen species production and beta4 integrin expression. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:26101-10. [PMID: 17604276 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703132200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid abnormalities and oxidative stress, by stimulating mesangial cell (MC) proliferation, can contribute to the development of diabetes-associated renal disease. In this study we investigated the molecular events elicited by oxidized low density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) in MC. We demonstrate that in MC cultured in the presence of ox-LDL, survival and mitogenic signals on Akt and Erk1/2 MAPK pathways are induced, respectively. Moreover, as shown by the expression of the dominant negative Rac-1 construct, we first report that ox-LDL-mediated cell survival and cell cycle progression depend on Rac-1 GTPase-mediated reactive oxygen species production and on epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. By silencing Akt and blocking Erk1/2 MAPK pathways, we also demonstrate that these signals are downstream to Rac-1/reactive oxygen species production and epidermal growth factor receptor activation. Finally, by endogenous depletion of beta4 integrin, expressed in MC, we provide evidence that the expression of this adhesion molecule is essential for ox-LDL-mediated MC dysfunction. Our data identify a novel signaling pathway involved in oxidative stress-induced diabetes-associated renal disease and provide the rationale for therapeutically targeting beta4 integrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Dentelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cohen MP, Ziyadeh FN, Chen S. Amadori-modified glycated serum proteins and accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes: pathogenic and therapeutic implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 147:211-9. [PMID: 16697768 PMCID: PMC1800931 DOI: 10.1016/j.lab.2005.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margo P Cohen
- University City Science Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gambino R, Pisu E, Pagano G, Cassader M. Low-density lipoproteins are more electronegatively charged in type 1 than in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids 2006; 41:529-33. [PMID: 16981430 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Multifactorial etiology is involved in premature atherosclerosis related to diabetes. Most of the mechanisms that are responsible for the etiology in diabetes have remained unsolved so far. Type 1 diabetes is associated with a favorable lipid pattern and with microangiopathy, which is not true for type 2 diabetes, which is related to dyslipidemia and macroangiopathy. The aim of this work was to evaluate the degree of LDL modification related to the types of diabetes. The question is whether the LDL could be differently modified since the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is different. Thirty-one type 1 (19 male and 12 female) and thirty type 2 (18 male and 12 female) diabetic patients were included in this study. Isolated LDL was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis for diene conjugate content and for electronegativity. LDL from type 1 diabetes subjects showed the highest electrophoretic mobility (P = 0.000). Instead, the diene conjugates contents were higher in the type 2 patients with HbA1c levels > 8% (P = 0.007). In conclusion, the increased diene content in type 2 diabetic subjects in poor glycemic control and the highest LDL mobility found in type 1 subjects show that the LDL undergoes different modifications. In type 2 patients, electronegative LDL are in a state of higher susceptibility to oxidation, whereas in type 1 subjects the finding of electronegative lipoproteins could provide an index of the relative atherogenicity of circulating LDL, especially as LDL has higher electrophoretic mobility than normal subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gambino
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Braschi S, Geoffrion M, Nguyen A, Gaudreau Y, Milne RW. The expression of apolipoprotein B epitopes is normal in LDL of diabetic and end-stage renal disease patients. Diabetologia 2006; 49:1394-401. [PMID: 16586068 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS When LDLs are exposed to glucose in vitro, glycation of apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) leads to a loss in its affinity for the LDL receptor and reproducible alterations in the immunoreactivity of specific apoB epitopes, including several epitopes close to the LDL receptor binding site. The aim of this work was to determine if similar immunological changes are observed in vivo in LDLs of diabetic and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS The immunoreactivity of LDLs isolated from 14 diabetic patients with normal renal function and 13 patients with ESRD was studied with a panel of 25 well-characterised anti-apoB monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS Although diabetic and ESRD LDLs showed evidence of glycation modification, none of the changes in the apoB immunoreactivity induced by glucose in vitro was observed in vivo, including those for epitopes close to the LDL receptor binding domain. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results suggest that in vivo glycation of LDLs is a complex process that is not mimicked by in vitro exposure of LDLs to high concentrations of glucose. This questions the clinical significance of the in vitro glycation studies used to understand the pathophysiological consequences of LDL glycation in diabetes and ESRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Braschi
- Endocrinology Division, Medicine Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Riverside Campus, 1967 Riverside Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1H 7W9, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rosso A, Balsamo A, Gambino R, Dentelli P, Falcioni R, Cassader M, Pegoraro L, Pagano G, Brizzi MF. p53 Mediates the accelerated onset of senescence of endothelial progenitor cells in diabetes. J Biol Chem 2005; 281:4339-47. [PMID: 16339764 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m509293200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse metabolic factors, including oxidized small and dense low density lipoprotein (ox-dmLDL) can contribute to the reduced number and the impaired functions of circulating endothelial progenitors (EPC) in diabetic patients. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved, EPC from normal donors were cultured in the presence of ox-dmLDL. Under these experimental conditions EPC undergo to senescent-like growth arrest. This effect is associated with Akt activation, p21 expression, p53 accumulation, and retinoblastoma protein dephosphorylation and with a reduced protective effect against oxidative damage. Moreover, depletion of endogenous p53 expression by small interfering RNA demonstrates that the integrity of this pathway is essential for senescence to occur. Activation of the Akt/p53/p21 signaling pathway and accelerated onset of senescence are also detectable in EPC from diabetic patients. Finally, diabetic EPC depleted of endogenous p53 do not undergo to senescence-growth arrest and acquire the ability to form tube-like structures in vitro. These observations identify the activation of the p53 signaling pathway as a crucial event that can contribute to the impaired neovascularization in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Rosso
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Brizzi MF, Dentelli P, Rosso A, Calvi C, Gambino R, Cassader M, Salvidio G, Deferrari G, Camussi G, Pegoraro L, Pagano G, Cavallo-Perin P. RAGE‐ and TGF‐ β receptor‐mediated signals converge on STAT5 and p21wafto control cell‐cycle progression of mesangial cells: a possible role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J 2004; 18:1249-51. [PMID: 15180953 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-1053fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular events associated with acute and chronic exposure of mesangial cells (MC) to hyperglycemia were evaluated. We found that, unlike high glucose (HG) and Amadori adducts, advanced glycation end products (AGE) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) induced p21waf expression and accumulation of MC in G0/G1. TGF-beta1 blockade inhibited AGE-mediated collagen production but only partially affected AGE-induced p21waf expression and cell-cycle events, indicating that AGE by binding to AGE receptor (RAGE) per se could control MC growth. Moreover, AGE and TGF-beta treatment led to the activation of the signal transduction and activators of transcription (STAT)5 and the formation of a STAT5/p21SIE2 complex. The role of STAT5 in AGE- and TGF-beta-mediated p21waf expression and growth arrest, but not collagen production, was confirmed by the expression of the dominant negative STAT5 (DeltaSTAT5) or the constitutively activated STAT5 (1*6-STAT5) constructs. Finally, in p21waf-/- fibroblasts both AGE and TGF-beta failed to inhibit cell-cycle progression. A potential in vivo role of these mechanisms was sustained by the increasing immunoreactivity for the activated STAT5 and p21(waf) in kidney biopsies from early to advanced stage of diabetic nephropathy. Our data indicate that AGE- and TGF-beta-mediated signals, by converging on STAT5 activation and p21waf expression, may regulate MC growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felice Brizzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gambino R, Uberti B, Alemanno N, Pisu E, Pagano G, Cassader M. In vivo oxidizability of LDL in type 2 diabetic patients in good and poor glycemic control. Atherosclerosis 2004; 173:103-7. [PMID: 15177129 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2003] [Revised: 10/27/2003] [Accepted: 11/21/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine if increased non-enzymatic glycosylation of the LDL was sufficient to increase the susceptibility to in vivo oxidation of the LDL particles. Twenty-two type 2 diabetic patients (11 males and 11 females) were included in this study. They were enrolled on the basis of good [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) < 7%] and poor glycemic control [(HbA1c) > 8%]. LDL were isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) for diene conjugate content and for electronegativity. The glyc-LDL levels were increased in all diabetic type 2 patients, peaking in the diabetic subjects in poor diabetic control (17.3 +/- 8.07%). The LDL content of diene conjugates was similar between the two groups (6.65 +/- 0.77% for the patients with good glycemic control versus 6.88 +/- 0.74% for those with poor glycemic control; P = 0.49) as was the electrophoretic mobility ((-1.14544 +/- 0.089) x 10(-4) cm2/(V s) for the patients with good glycemic control and (-1.13666 +/- 0.073) x 10(-4) cm2/(V s) for those with poor glycemic control; P = 0.80). The susceptibility to in vivo oxidation of LDL from type 2 diabetic patients in poor glycemic control did not differ from that of well-controlled diabetic patients. LDL glycosylation was not able to increase the oxidizability of LDL in the diabetic patients with poor glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gambino
- Dipartimento di Medica Interna, University of Turin, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, Turin 10126, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Current literature in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2003; 19:76-83. [PMID: 12592647 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|