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Nabeebaccus AA, Verma S, Zoccarato A, Emanuelli G, Santos CX, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Shah AM. Cardiomyocyte protein O-GlcNAcylation is regulated by GFAT1 not GFAT2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 583:121-127. [PMID: 34735873 PMCID: PMC8606754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In response to cardiac injury, increased activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) is linked with cytoprotective as well as adverse effects depending on the type and duration of injury. Glutamine-fructose amidotransferase (GFAT; gene name gfpt) is the rate-limiting enzyme that controls flux through HBP. Two protein isoforms exist in the heart called GFAT1 and GFAT2. There are conflicting data on the relative importance of GFAT1 and GFAT2 during stress-induced HBP responses in the heart. Using neonatal rat cardiac cell preparations, targeted knockdown of GFPT1 and GFPT2 were performed and HBP activity measured. Immunostaining with specific GFAT1 and GFAT2 antibodies was undertaken in neonatal rat cardiac preparations and murine cardiac tissues to characterise cell-specific expression. Publicly available human heart single cell sequencing data was interrogated to determine cell-type expression. Western blots for GFAT isoform protein expression were performed in human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). GFPT1 but not GFPT2 knockdown resulted in a loss of stress-induced protein O-GlcNAcylation in neonatal cardiac cell preparations indicating reduced HBP activity. In rodent cells and tissue, immunostaining for GFAT1 identified expression in both cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts whereas immunostaining for GFAT2 was only identified in fibroblasts. Further corroboration of findings in human heart cells identified an enrichment of GFPT2 gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts but not ventricular myocytes whereas GFPT1 was expressed in both myocytes and fibroblasts. In human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, only GFAT1 protein was expressed with an absence of GFAT2. In conclusion, these results indicate that GFAT1 is the primary cardiomyocyte isoform and GFAT2 is only present in cardiac fibroblasts. Cell-specific isoform expression may have differing effects on cell function and should be considered when studying HBP and GFAT functions in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Nabeebaccus
- BHF Centre of Excellence King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
| | - Sharwari Verma
- BHF Centre of Excellence King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- BHF Centre of Excellence King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Giulia Emanuelli
- BHF Centre of Excellence King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Celio Xc Santos
- BHF Centre of Excellence King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, 10785 Berlin, partnersite Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ajay M Shah
- BHF Centre of Excellence King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
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Karić A, Karić A. Using the BITOLA system to identify candidate genes for Parkinson's disease. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2011; 11:185-9. [PMID: 21875422 PMCID: PMC4362554 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2011.2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexity of multifactorial diseases as Parkinson's disease (PD) often complicate identifying causal genetic factors by traditional approaches such as positional cloning and candidate gene analyses. PD is etiologically and genetically complex disease and second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. The most cases of PD are idiopathic and small growing subset of individuals have single gene defect as the cause. The main goal of this research was to identify the potential candidate genes for idiopathic PD by using biomedical discovery support system (BITOLA). For detecting the potential candidate genes for PD was used opened system of bioinformatics tool BITOLA. Data of chromosome location, tissue specific expression of potential candidate genes and their potential association with PD were obtained from Medline, Locus Link, Gene Cards and OMIM. By using BITOLA system is identified 17 genes as potential candidate genes for PD. The role of three genes (MAPT, PARK2, UCHL1) in PD were confirmed earlier. Discovering the novel candidate genes for multifactiorial diseases by using specially mentioned bioinformatics tool BITOLA could offer the new opportunity for researching genetics base of PD without using tissue samples of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amela Karić
- Division of Genetics, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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North KE, Franceschini N, Borecki IB, Gu CC, Heiss G, Province MA, Arnett DK, Lewis CE, Miller MB, Myers RH, Hunt SC, Freedman BI. Genotype-by-sex interaction on fasting insulin concentration: the HyperGEN study. Diabetes 2007; 56:137-42. [PMID: 17192475 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of sex effects on the underlying genetic architecture of insulin-related traits. To explore sex-specific genetic effects on fasting insulin, we tested for genotype-by-sex interaction and conducted linkage analysis of fasting insulin in Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network families. Hypertensive siblings and their first-degree relatives were recruited from five field centers. We performed a genome scan for quantitative trait loci influencing fasting insulin among 1,505 European Americans and 1,616 African Americans without diabetes. Sex-stratified linear regression models, adjusted for race, center, and age, were explored. The Mammalian Genotyping Service typed 391 microsatellite markers, spaced roughly 9 cM. Variance component linkage analysis was performed in SOLAR using ethnic-specific marker allele frequencies and multipoint IBDs calculated in MERLIN. We detected a quantitative trait locus influencing fasting insulin in female subjects (logarithm of odds [LOD] = 3.4) on chromosome 2 at 95 cM (between GATA69E12 and GATA71G04) but not in male subjects (LOD = 0.0, P for interaction = 0.007). This sex-specific signal at 2p13.2 was detected in both European-American (LOD = 2.1) and African-American (LOD = 1.2) female subjects. Our findings overlap with several other linkage reports of insulin-related traits and demonstrate the importance of considering complex context-dependent interactions in the search for insulin-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Bank of America Center, 137 E. Franklin St., Suite 306, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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Kunika K, Tanahashi T, Kudo E, Mizusawa N, Ichiishi E, Nakamura N, Yoshikawa T, Yamaoka T, Yasumo H, Tsugawa K, Moritani M, Inoue H, Itakura M. Effect of +36T>C in intron 1 on the glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 gene and its contribution to type 2 diabetes in different populations. J Hum Genet 2006; 51:1100-1109. [PMID: 17024311 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-006-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 (GFPT1) acts as a rate-limiting enzyme in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, which is an alternative branch of glucose metabolism. To evaluate GFPT1 as a susceptibility gene to type 2 diabetes, we surveyed the polymorphisms related with the gene function of GFPT1 and assessed its contribution to type 2 diabetes with a case-control association study. Screening of the 5'-flanking and all coding regions of GFPT1 revealed eight polymorphisms, one in the 5'-flanking region, one synonymous polymorphism in exon 8, five in introns and one in 3'-UTR, but no mis-sense or non-sense polymorphism. With in silico simulation, a putative promoter region was apparently predicted between 1 kb upstream and 1 kb downstream of the start codon. In this region, +36T>C polymorphism was located on the GC box sequence in intron 1, and its functional effect on promoter activity was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay, introducing a new functional polymorphism of the GFPT1 gene. To examine its association with type 2 diabetes, we analyzed 2,763 Japanese (1,461 controls and 1,302 cases) and 330 Caucasians (190 controls and 140 cases). One possible association of +36T>C was observed in Caucasians, but no association of polymorphisms including +36T>C in intron 1 or haplotypes was observed in Japanese. Although we could not completely rule out a contribution to specific sub-groups or other populations, genetic variation of GFPT1 is unlikely to have a major role in the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Kunika
- Division of Genetic Information, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toshihito Tanahashi
- Division of Genetic Information, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Eiji Kudo
- Department of Human Pathology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Noriko Mizusawa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Ichiishi
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai-city, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Naoto Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 465, Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-Kawaramachi, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 465, Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-Kawaramachi, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaoka
- Yamaoka Clinic, 3-13-25, Narashinodai, Funabashi-city, Chiba, 274-0063, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yasumo
- Core Technology Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Limited, 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kazue Tsugawa
- Division of Genetic Information, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Maki Moritani
- Division of Genetic Information, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Division of Genetic Information, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Itakura
- Division of Genetic Information, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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Canani LH, Capp C, Ng DPK, Choo SGL, Maia AL, Nabinger GB, Santos K, Crispim D, Roisemberg I, Krolewski AS, Gross JL. The fatty acid-binding protein-2 A54T polymorphism is associated with renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2005; 54:3326-30. [PMID: 16249461 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.11.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal fatty-acid binding protein-2 (FABP2) gene codes a protein responsible for the absorption of long-chain fatty acids. To test whether FABP2 is a candidate gene for renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, a functional A54T polymorphism was genotyped in 1,042 Brazilians with type 2 diabetes. Patients were classified as having normoalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion [UAE] <20 microg/min; n = 529), microalbuminuria (UAE 20-199 microg/min; n = 217), or proteinuria (UAE >199 microg/min; n = 160). Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (n = 136) were also included. The prevalence of the TT genotype was higher in patients with renal involvement compared with those with normoalbuminuria (odds ratio [95% CI] 2.4 [1.1-5.4]) following adjustment for type 2 diabetes duration, BMI, hypertension, A1C, and cholesterol levels. The risk was similar considering different stages of renal involvement. In a second independent patient sample (483 type 2 diabetic Caucasians residing in Massachusetts), a significant association was also observed between the TT genotype and proteinuria or ESRD (2.7 [1.0-7.3]; P = 0.048). This study thus provides evidence that FABP2 confers susceptibility to renal disease in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis H Canani
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Ng DPK, Koh D, Choo SGL, Ng V, Fu Q. Effect of storage conditions on the extraction of PCR-quality genomic DNA from saliva. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 343:191-4. [PMID: 15115694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Revised: 01/16/2004] [Accepted: 01/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva is a potentially useful source of genomic DNA for genetic studies since it can be collected in a painless and non-invasive manner. We sought to determine whether different storage conditions of saliva samples impact our ability to extract genomic DNA that is of sufficient quality for use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS Saliva was collected from healthy volunteers and 2-ml aliquots subjected to different storage conditions: S1--washing of saliva using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and extraction of DNA on the same day of collection; S2--washing and centrifugation to yield a pellet, which was stored at-70 degrees C for 1 week prior to DNA extraction; S3--storage of whole saliva at 4 degrees C for 7 days, followed by washing and extraction of DNA; S4--storage at 4 degrees C for 7 days, followed by washing and pellet formation. The pellet was stored at -70 degrees C for 1 month before extraction of the DNA; S5--storage at-70 degrees C for 1 month, followed by washing and extraction of DNA. DNA yield and purity was determined by spectrophotometry at 260 and 280 nm. Twenty nanograms of genomic DNA was used for the polymerase chain reaction, and the resulting PCR band was captured by digital photography and quantified. RESULTS The amounts of DNA extracted from 2 ml of saliva varied widely under the different storage conditions, while purity of the DNA extraction, based on OD(260/280) ratios, was good and comparable. PCR resulted in the presence of a single specific product of the correct size from all samples regardless of saliva storage conditions. Quantification of PCR bands showed significant differences between the various storage conditions (P<0.05). Compared to S1 samples, PCR bands from conditions S2 and S3 were not as strong, while those amplified from S4 and S5 samples were the weakest. Post-hoc analyses showed that the means for conditions S4 and S5 were significantly different from S1-S3. Qualitatively similar results were obtained when the PCR experiment was repeated. CONCLUSIONS Saliva can act as a useful source of genomic DNA, even when stored under less than optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P K Ng
- Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine (MD3), Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16, Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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