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Al-Badri H, Al-Taee LA, Banerjee A, Al-Shammaree SA. An in-vitro evaluation of residual dentin retained after using novel enzymatic-based chemomechanical caries removal agents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19223. [PMID: 39160198 PMCID: PMC11333480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the biochemical, mechanical and structural characteristics of retained dentin after applying three novel bromelain-contained chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) formulations in comparison to the conventional excavation methods (hand and rotary) and a commercial papain-contained gel (Brix 3000). Seventy-two extracted permanent molars with natural occlusal carious lesions (score > 4 following the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II)) were randomly allocated into six groups (n = 12) according to the excavation methods: hand excavation, rotary excavation, Brix 3000, bromelain-contained gel (F1), bromelain-chloramine-T (F2), and bromelain-chlorhexidine gel (F3). The superficial and deeper layers of residual dentin were examined by Raman microspectroscopy and Vickers microhardness, while the surface morphology was assessed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). A multivariate analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test (p > 0.05) was performed for data analysis. The novel formulations showed an ability to preserve the partially demineralized dentin that showed a reduced phosphate content with a higher organic matrix. This was associated with lower Vickers microhardness values in comparison to sound dentin and rotary excavation. The collagen integration ratio in all methods was close to sound dentin (0.9-1.0) at the deeper dentin layer. The bromelain-chloramine-T gel (F2) produced the smoothest smear-free dentin surface with a higher number of opened dentinal tubules. In contrast, dense smearing covering the remaining dentin was observed in the manual and rotary methods with obstructed dentin tubule orifices. The bromelain-contained formulations can be considered a new minimally invasive approach for selectively removing caries in deep cavitated dentin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Al-Badri
- Department of Conservative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Baghdad College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Lamis A Al-Taee
- Department of Conservative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Baghdad College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Avijit Banerjee
- Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, Restorative Dentistry at the Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London/Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospitals Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Brenes-Alvarado A, Farias-da-Silva FF, Soto-Montero JR, Benine-Warlet J, Groppo FC, Steiner-Oliveira C. Reduction of microorganisms in carious dentin by photodynamic therapy mediated by potassium iodide added to methylene blue and red laser. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 164:105978. [PMID: 38718465 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the association of potassium iodide to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on human carious dentin produced with a microcosm biofilm model. METHODS A microcosm biofilm model was used to generate a caries lesion on human dentin. Pooled human saliva diluted with glycerol was used as an inoculum on specimens immersed on McBain artificial saliva enriched with 1 % sucrose (24 h at 37 °C in 5 % CO2). After refreshing culture media for 7 days, the dentin specimens were divided in 5 groups (3 specimens per group, in triplicate; n = 9): C (NaCl 0.9 %), CX (2 % chlorhexidine), PKI (0.01 % methylene blue photosensitizer+50 mM KI), L (laser at 15 J, 180 s, 22.7 J/cm2), and PKIL (methylene blue + KI + Laser). After the treatments, dentin was collected, and a 10-fold serial dilution was performed. The number of total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and Streptococcus mutans was analyzed by microbial counts (CFU/mL). After normality and homoscedasticity analysis, the Welch's ANOVA and Dunnett's tests were used for CFU. All tests used a 5 % significance level. RESULTS CX and PKIL groups showed significant bacterial decontamination of dentin, compared to group C (p < 0.05) reaching reductions up to 3.8 log10 for CX for all microorganisms' groups and PKIL showed 0.93, 1.30, 1.45, and 1.22 log10 for total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and S. mutans, respectively. CONCLUSION aPDT mediated by the association of KI and methylene blue with red laser reduced the viability of microorganisms from carious dentin and could be a promising option for cavity decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Brenes-Alvarado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, SJ, Costa Rica
| | - Felipe Fabrício Farias-da-Silva
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rodrigo Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, SJ, Costa Rica
| | - Juliana Benine-Warlet
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Biosciences, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Steiner-Oliveira
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Kijsamanmith K, Srisatayasatien P, Thanindratarn N, Vichainarong C, Panyasukum J. The effect of 2% chlorhexidine iontophoresis on dentin sealing ability of etch-and-rinse adhesive: An in vitro study. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:846-854. [PMID: 38618063 PMCID: PMC11010672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Iontophoresis could enhance the delivery of chlorhexidine into oral tissue. This study aimed to determine the effect of 2% chlorhexidine iontophoresis (CHI) on the sealing ability of etch-and-rinse adhesive in human dentin using hydraulic conductance (HD) measurement, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Materials and methods Thirty-nine sound dentin specimens were prepared from 39 extracted intact third molars. Thirty specimens were used for HD measurement and randomly divided into 3 equal-sized groups; (1) No chlorhexidine treatment (control), (2) passive chlorhexidine treatment (CHT) and (3) CHI on acid-etched dentin. Each dentin surface was treated with etch-and-rinse adhesive. HD of each specimen was measured before treatment, after immediate bonding and after 14 days. The other 9 specimens were subjected to SEM-EDS analysis of the acid-etched dentin and the dentin treated with CHT and CHI. ANOVA test and Student-Newman-Keuls method were used for statistical analysis. Results After bonding, there was no significant difference in percentage decrease of HD among the treatment groups (P > 0.05). After 14 days, CHI and CHT groups had greater percentage decrease of HD than the control (P < 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). Under SEM-EDS analysis, acid-etched dentin with CHI presented opened dentinal tubule orifices and more chlorhexidine precipitates on dentin than the dentin with CHT, which strongly related to a higher percentage of chloride ions on the CHI dentin surface (P < 0.001). Conclusion The use of CHI on acid-etched dentin had a positive effect on dentin sealing ability of etch-and-rinse adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanittha Kijsamanmith
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Nichapa Thanindratarn
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanisa Vichainarong
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jirapat Panyasukum
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Jacomine JC, Giacomini MC, Agulhari M, Honório HM, Wang L. Twenty-month Performance of a Universal Bonding System on Simulated-challenged Dentin Substrates Pretreated with Chlorhexidine. Oper Dent 2023; 48:196-206. [PMID: 36656311 DOI: 10.2341/21-142-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the use of dentin antiproteolytic agents with universal adhesives (UAs) can potentially degrade the bonding interface, this study evaluated bond strengths with and without chlorhexidine (CHX) on variously altered dentin surfaces for up to 20 months. METHODS Human molar specimens (n=20) were categorized by substrates as S=sound, E=eroded, and C=carious, and by pretreatment as W=water or CHX. These specimens were subjected to micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) testing at 24 hours, 6 months, and 20 months, after 30 seconds of pretreatment with CHX or W, followed by self-etching and bonding (Adper Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE). Modes of failure were assessed using optical microscopy (40×) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's statistical tests (α=0.05). RESULTS Substrate (p<0.001), pre-treatment (p=0.0413), and time (p<0.0001) were statistically significant. The sound-dentin group in initial time (W=39.27/CHX=40.55) yielded the higher μTBS values (MPa) in comparison with altered substrates pre-treated with CHX (E-CHX=19.84; C-CHX=18.24) after 20 months, which showed the lowest values. Under SEM analysis, heterogeneous patterns appeared in the hybrid layer of the CHX-treated group, particularly in the altered substrates. CONCLUSIONS Bond strength to dentin decreased over a period of 20 months using UA with 10-methacryloyloxydecyl-dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) in self-etching mode. Substrates altered by erosion or caries have impaired adhesion and associated clinical use of UA with MDP and CHX should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Jacomine
- Juliana Carvalho Jacomine, DDS, MS, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - M C Giacomini
- Marina Ciccone Giacomini, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil, and University Centre Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos, Ourinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mas Agulhari
- Maria Angélica Silvério Agulhari, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - H M Honório
- Heitor Marques Honório, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Collective Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - L Wang
- *Linda Wang, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Albaqawi AH, Shabib S, Vohra F, abduljabbar T. Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, photosensitizers, green tea extract, and propolis on bond integrity and microleakage of caries-affected dentin. An in-vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Afkhami F, Sadegh M, Sooratgar A, Amirmoezi M. Comparison of the effect of QMix and conventional root canal irrigants on push-out bond strength of fiber post to root dentin. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:464-469. [PMID: 34664421 PMCID: PMC8874043 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the effect of application of QMix and common root canal irrigating solutions on the bond strength of fiber post to root dentin. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this in-vitro study, 60 extracted incisor teeth were decoronated such that 15 mm of root length remained. The canals were prepared with ProTaper rotary system to F5 and filled with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer. Prior to post placement, the teeth were divided into four groups based on the type of final irrigating solution namely saline, 5.25% NaOCl, 2% chlorhexidine, and QMix. The fiber posts were then cemented with Panavia F2 resin cement. The roots were sectioned perpendicular to their longitudinal axis, and four sections with 1 mm thickness were made at the middle and coronal thirds of the roots. The push-out bond strength of fiber posts was measured by a universal testing machine in megapascals. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS The maximum and minimum bond strength values were noted in QMix and NaOCl groups in both the middle and coronal third of the root, respectively. But, there was no significant difference between the push-out bond strength in the middle or coronal third of the root (p = 0.054). Adhesive failure was the most common mode of failure in all groups. CONCLUSION Use of QMix for post space irrigation does not compromise the bond strength of fiber post to root dentin, and can be used for final rinsing of the post space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Afkhami
- Department of EndodonticsSchool of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International CampusTehranIran
| | - Mona Sadegh
- Endodontist, Private PracticeVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Aidin Sooratgar
- Department of EndodonticsSchool of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International CampusTehranIran
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Costa AR, Naves LZ, Garcia-Godoy F, Tsuzuki FM, Correr AB, Correr-Sobrinho L, Puppin-Rontani RM. CHX Stabilizes the Resin/demineralized Dentin Interface. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:106-115. [PMID: 34787246 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) between an adhesive system and under 3 dentin conditions. For that, this study evaluated the adhesive interface at initial, after 6 months and 1 year of storage. Forty-eight human third molars were prepared and randomly divided into 3 groups, according to dentin substrates: sound dentin (Sd), caries-infected dentin (Ci) and caries-affected dentin (Ca). The groups were subdivided into two according to the dentin pre-treatment: application of 2% CHX or without pre-treatment (control). The dentin surfaces were etched with 35% phosphoric acid gel and bonded with Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) adhesive system according to manufacturer's instructions. Subsequently, the specimens were stored in deionized water at 37°C for 24h, 6 months and 1 year. Two additional teeth were used to analyze the bonding interfaces by SEM. Data was submitted to three-way ANOVA in a split plot design and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The results showed that Ci decreased µTBS values when compared to Ca and Sd, regardless storages time or treatment. Stored samples for 6 months and 1 year decreased the µTBS for the control group, but no difference was found between storages time for the CHX group. As a conclusion, the 2% CHX application after etching showed improved dentin bond strength in the storage time, regardless of the substrates evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rosa Costa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Zago Naves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, University Medical Center Groningen, The University of Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fernanda Midori Tsuzuki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Américo Bortolazzo Correr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani
- Department of Health Sciences, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Pediatric Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Alsubait S, Aljarbou F. Biodentine or Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as Direct Pulp Capping Material in Mature Permanent Teeth with Carious Exposure? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper Dent 2021; 46:631-640. [PMID: 35507905 DOI: 10.2341/20-277-lit] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the success rate of direct pulp capping (DPC) with Biodentine in mature permanent teeth with carious vital pulp exposure compared to that of DPC with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES The two authors searched independently the literature published through July 31, 2020, in five electronic databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science Core Collection, the Wiley Online Library, and the SCOPUS database). STUDY SELECTION The research protocol was previously registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020192511). Clinical studies that met the inclusion criteria were chosen and independently screened by the authors. DATA EXTRACTION A custom-designed spreadsheet was used to extract the data. The quality of each study was evaluated by means of the revised Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) tool or the ROB of nonrandomized studies of interventions tool. DATA SYNTHESIS Three randomized controlled trials and one retrospective study met the inclusion criteria. Only one study had a high risk of bias. The included studies reported data on a total of 95 participants with an age range of 8-51 years. No significant difference was observed in the overall treatment outcome when comparing Biodentine with MTA (Risk ratio=1.00, 95% confidence interval [0.93-1.07], p=1.00). CONCLUSIONS Biodentine had comparable clinical and radiographic success to that of MTA when used as a DPC agent in mature permanent teeth with carious vital pulp exposure. Additional high-quality studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alsubait
- *Sara Alsubait, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Aljarbou
- Fahd Aljarbou, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Deniz ST, Oglakci B, Yesilirmak SO, Dalkilic EE. The effect of immediate dentin sealing with chlorhexidine pretreatment on the shear bond strength of dual-cure adhesive cement. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:3204-3210. [PMID: 34286901 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) with and without chlorhexidine (CHX) pretreatment on the shear bond strength (SBS) of dual-cure adhesive resin cement. Mid-coronal dentin surfaces were obtained from 75 human molars. They were randomly allocated into five groups in accordance to type of IDS [etch&rinse/ER (Adper Single Bond2) and universal/U adhesive systems (Single Bond Universal)] and presence of CHX application (n = 15): Group ER; Group ER + CHX; Group U; Group U + CHX; and Group C (no IDS). Dual-cure adhesive resin cements were bonded with a cylinder-shaped Teflon mold. The SBS was measured using a universal test machine. Fracture type was evaluated with stereomicroscope. The resin/dentin interfaces were examined with an environmental scanning electron microscope. Data were statistically analyzed with two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests (p < .05). Regarding the IDS treatment groups with/without CHX, there were no significant differences in SBS (p > .05). Group U + CHX showed significantly higher SBS than Group C (p < .05). Regarding the presence of CHX, no significant differences in SBS were found (p > .05). The prevalent failure mode was the mixed type for most of the groups. Group C exhibited an intact and regular hybrid layer with no resin tag, whereas longer and clear resin-tag formation was visible for Group U + CHX. CHX pretreatment improved the bond strength between adhesive resin cement and dentin when IDS treatment was performed with a universal adhesive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Tugba Deniz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Oglakci
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevda Ozturk Yesilirmak
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bin-Shuwaish M, AlHussaini A, AlHudaithy L, AlDukhiel S, AlJamhan A, Alrahlah A. Effects of different antibacterial disinfectants on microleakage of bulk-fill composite bonded to different tooth structures. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:348. [PMID: 34271908 PMCID: PMC8283936 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This in-vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of two different antibacterial disinfectants on the microleakage performance of newly developed bulk-fill composite, bonded to different tooth structures. Methods Class V cavities were prepared in 30 sound premolar teeth, with enamel occlusal margins (OM) and dentin cervical margins (CM). Two disinfectants, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and Listerine Miswak (ListM), were used. Teeth were divided into three groups (n = 10): G1, Control; G2, CHX; and G3, ListM. Disinfectants were applied to the cavity preparation walls after they were etched with 35% phosphoric acid. The Single Bond Universal adhesive system was then used, and teeth were restored with Filtek One Bulk Fill composite. Samples were examined, after thermocycling aging, by stereomicroscopy for the evaluation of marginal dye penetration. Results The highest mean microleakage score was reported in the CM of G1 (2.60 ± 1.174), which was significant compared with that of G2 only (p = 0.02). OM in G1 showed no microleakage, with no significant differences found among groups (χ2 = 1.39, p = 0.50). No significant differences were reported between G2 and G3 (p = 0.45 OM; p = 0.17 CM). Conclusions Cavity pretreatment with CHX is not significantly different to pretreatment with CHX. In contrast, CHX improved the cervical marginal seal as compare to the control group (G1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bin-Shuwaish
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alhanouf AlHussaini
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lina AlHudaithy
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamma AlDukhiel
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah AlJamhan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alrahlah
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Fugolin AP, Logan MG, Kendall AJ, Ferracane JL, Pfeifer CS. Effect of side-group methylation on the performance of methacrylamides and methacrylates for dentin hybridization. Dent Mater 2021; 37:805-815. [PMID: 33663882 PMCID: PMC8058282 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The stability of the bond between polymeric adhesives to mineralized substrates is crucial in many biomedical applications. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of methyl substitution at the α- and β-carbons on the kinetics of polymerization, monomer hydrolytic stability, and long-term bond strength to dentin for methacrylamide- and methacrylate-based crosslinked networks for dental adhesive applications. METHODS Secondary methacrylamides (α-CH3 substituted=1-methyl HEMAM, β-CH3 substituted=2-methyl HEMAM, and unsubstituted=HEMAM) and OH-terminated methacrylates (α- and β-CH3 mixture=1-methyl HEMA and 2-methyl HEMA, and unsubstituted=HEMA) were copolymerized with urethane dimethacrylate. The kinetics of photopolymerization were followed in real-time using near-IR spectroscopy. Monomer hydrolysis kinetics were followed by NMR spectroscopy in water at pH 1 over 30 days. Solvated adhesives (40 vol% ethanol) were used to bond composite to dentin and microtensile bond strength (μTBS) measured after 24h and 6 months storage in water at 37°C. RESULTS The rate of polymerization increased in the following order: OH-terminated methacrylates≥methacrylamides>NH2-terminated methacrylates, with minimal effect of the substitution. Final conversion ranged between 79% for 1-methyl AEMA and 94% for HEMA. 1-methyl-HEMAM showed the highest and most stable μTBS, while HEMA showed a 37% reduction after six months All groups showed measurable degradation after up to 4 days in pH 1, with the methacrylamides showing less degradation than the methacrylates. Additionally, transesterification products were observed in the methacrylamide groups. SIGNIFICANCE Amide monomers were significantly more stable to hydrolysis than the analogous methacrylates. The addition of a α- or β-CH3 groups increased the rate of hydrolysis, with the magnitude of the effect tracking with the expected base-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters or amides, but opposite in influence. The α-CH3 substituted secondary methacrylamide, 1-methyl HEMAM, showed the most stable adhesive interface. A side reaction was observed with transesterification of the monomers studied under ambient conditions, which was not expected under the relatively mild conditions used here, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Fugolin
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Matthew G Logan
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alexander J Kendall
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jack L Ferracane
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Carmem S Pfeifer
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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12
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Jacomine JC, Giacomini M, Agulhari MA, Zabeu G, Honório H, Wang L. Performance of a Universal Bonding System Associated With 2% Digluconate Chlorhexidine in Carious and Eroded Dentin. Oper Dent 2021; 46:E1-E10. [PMID: 33882142 DOI: 10.2341/19-123-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Carious and eroded dentin represent clinical challenges. The use of a universal bonding system, in a self-etching mode, associated with chlorhexidine (CHX) seems to not improve its longevity. This may be attributed to the competition for calcium between the bonding agent functional monomer and CHX. SUMMARY
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13
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Gobbi P, Maravic T, Comba A, Mazzitelli C, Mancuso E, Falconi M, Breschi L, Mazzoni A. Biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in human sound dentin. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5067-5075. [PMID: 33569677 PMCID: PMC8342377 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes that operate a proteolytic activity at the level of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) that can ubiquitously bind different enzyme forms. The study aims to identify a morfo-functional association between TIMP-1 and MMP-2 and -9 in human dentin. Materials and methods Proteins were extracted from demineralized human sound dentin powder and centrifuged to separate two aliquots with different molecular weights of proteins, higher and lower than 30 kDa. In each aliquot, the evaluation of the presence of TIMP-1/MMP-2 and TIMP-1/MMP-9 was performed using co-immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting analysis. The distribution of TIMP-1, in association with MMP-2 and -9, was investigated using a double immunohistochemical technique. Furthermore, the activity of TIMP-1 was measured by reverse zymography, where acrylamide gel was copolymerized with gelatin and recombinant MMP-2. Results Co-immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting analysis showed the association TIMP-1/MMP-2 and TIMP-1/MMP-9 in human sound dentin. Electron microscopy evaluation revealed a diffuse presence of TIMP-1 tightly associated with MMP-2 and -9. Reverse zymography analysis confirmed that TIMP-1 present in human dentin is active and can bind different MMPs isoforms. Conclusions The strict association of TIMP-1 with MMP-2 and -9 in situ appeared a constant finding in the human sound dentin. Clinical relevance Considering the role of TIMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 within the connective tissues, clinically applicable protocols could be developed in the future to increase or decrease the level of TIMPs in human dentin to regulate the activity of MMPs, contributing to reduce caries progression and collagen degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gobbi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Carlo Bo Urbino University, Via Aurelio Saffi 2, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Tatjana Maravic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, 40125, Bologna, Italy
| | - Allegra Comba
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, 40125, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzitelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, 40125, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mancuso
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, 40125, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirella Falconi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, 40125, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, 40125, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Mazzoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, 40125, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Giacomini MC, Candia Scaffa PM, Gonçalves RS, Jacomine JC, Zabeu GS, Carrilho MRDO, Honório HM, Wang L. Performance of MDP-based system in eroded and carious dentin associated with proteolytic inhibitors: 18-Month exploratory study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 114:104177. [PMID: 33168489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the impact of the interaction between an MDP-based universal adhesive system in etch-and-rinse mode and two proteolytic inhibitors on the longevity of restorations bonded to artificially-affected-dentin substrates. 90 sound human third molars were randomly distributed into three groups according to the substrate: N-no challenges-control (stored in artificial saliva), ACD-artificial caries dentin (6 h DE + 18 h-RE/5 days + 48 h RE) and ERO-artificial erosion dentin (3 × 5 min/5 days with orange juice). They were further redistributed according to dentin pretreatment: W- water (control), CHX-2% digluconate chlorhexidine and E64- 5 μM E64-Trans-Epoxysuccinyl-L-Leucylamido-(4-guanidino) butane, which resulted in the following 9 groups (n = 10): N-W, N-CHX, N-E64, ACD-W, ACD-CHX, ACD-E64, ERO-W, ERO-CHX and ERO-E64. All specimens were restored with Adper Single Bond Universal (Etch-and-rinse mode)/Filtek Z250. Sticks (0.64 mm2) were obtained and subjected to microtensile test (μTBS) in a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min for 7-days, 6 and 18-month analyses. Failure modes were classified using optical microscopy (40X). Data were statistically analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). All individual factors (p < 0.0001) and interaction between factors were statistically significant (substrate X pretreatment (p = 0.00093); substrate X time (p = 0.01035) and pretreatment X time (p = 0.0035). Caries-affected substrate was the most compromised one, disregarding the pretreatment. CHX was mostly affected compared with E64 up to 18 months, possibly due to its calcium-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ciccone Giacomini
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil; Professor in University Centre Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos, BR-153, Km 338 S/N - Água Do Cateto, Ourinhos, SP, 19909-100, Brazil.
| | - Polliana Mendes Candia Scaffa
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Oregon Health and Science University, OHSU, 2730 SW Moody Ave, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Rafael Simões Gonçalves
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Carvalho Jacomine
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Giovanna Speranza Zabeu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração - UNISAGRADO, Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, SP, 17011-160, Brazil.
| | | | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Collective Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Linda Wang
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
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15
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Khatib MS, Devarasanahalli SV, Aswathanarayana RM, Venkateswara AH, Nadig RR. Microtensile Bond Strength of Composite Resin Following the Use of Bromelain and Papain as Deproteinizing Agents on Etched Dentin: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:43-47. [PMID: 32581478 PMCID: PMC7299883 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the deproteinizing effect of sodium hypochlorite, bromelain, and papain on microtensile bond strength of composite resin to etched dentin. Materials and methods Eighty freshly extracted permanent molars were wet grounded into a flat surface using a diamond disk to expose the superficial dentinal surface. Teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds and rinsed with water and blot dried. Teeth were divided into four groups (n = 20) based on the method of dentin deproteinization. Group I: only etching; group II: deproteinized with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for 1 minute; group III: deproteinized with 8% bromelain enzyme for 1 minute; and group IV: deproteinized with 8% papain enzyme for 1 minute. All the samples were washed off with distilled water to remove deproteinizing agents. Sample surfaces were blot dried and bonding of the dentin surface was performed and restored with light cure bulk fill composite. Samples were stored in distilled water (37°C/24 hours) and thermocycled. Then, the teeth were longitudinally sectioned and individually fixed to a sectioning block using acrylic resin. The block was mounted on hard tissue microtome and sectioned to get one to three slabs of 1 mm thick sections. The beam was then attached to a custom-made jig using screws subjected to the Instron universal testing machine. A tensile load was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute until the beam fractured. Results Higher mean bond strength was recorded in group IV followed by group III, group II, and group I, respectively. Group III presented a statistically significant highest mean score compared to other study groups with group I and group II (p < 0.001), followed by group IV having significantly higher mean score compared to group I and group II (p < 0.001) and finally a significant difference was observed between group II and group I (p < 0.001). However, the mean microtensile bond strength score did not differ significantly between group III and group IV (p = 0.20). Conclusion Within the limitations of this present in vitro study, the following conclusions were drawn. The microtensile bond strength of dentine tested in various deproteinizing agents is as follows: 8% bromelain > 8% papain > 5.25% NaOCl > control group. Naturally occurring deproteinizing agents, such as bromelain and papain, used in this study have resulted in greater bond strength values when compared to that of traditionally used chemical agent such as NaOCl. How to cite this article Khatib MS, Devarasanahalli SV, Aswathanarayana RM, et al. Microtensile Bond Strength of Composite Resin Following the Use of Bromelain and Papain as Deproteinizing Agents on Etched Dentin: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(1):43–47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Sibghatullah Khatib
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Swapna V Devarasanahalli
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjini M Aswathanarayana
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwath H Venkateswara
- Department of Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopa R Nadig
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Effect of 2% Chlorhexidine Following Acid Etching on Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin Restorations: A Meta-Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55120769. [PMID: 31810222 PMCID: PMC6955988 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55120769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effect of 2% chlorhexidine following acid etching on the microtensile bond strength of resin restorations for different follow-up times. Materials and Methods: A thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were conducted. In vitro experimental studies or in vivo studies published up to December 2018 with an experimental group treated with a 2% chlorhexidine solution following acid etching and a control group were included, wherein the final restoration used a resin composite in both the groups. Results: Twenty-one articles were identified for qualitative analysis and 18 for meta-analysis. The difference in the means of microtensile bond strength between the two groups was calculated for the different follow-up times. The differences were significant for 6 months (4.30 MPa; 95% CI 2.72–5.89), 12 months (8.41 MPa; 95% CI 4.93–11.88), and 2–5 years including aged and thermocycling samples (9.08 MPa; 95% CI 5.36–12.81). There were no significant differences for the type of adhesive used. A meta-regression model showed a significant effect of time on the microtensile bond strength. Conclusions: The application of a 2% chlorhexidine solution after acid etching increased the microtensile bond strength significantly for follow-up times of 6 months or more. The adhesive type had no influence.
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17
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Alaghehmad H, Mansouri E, Esmaili B, Bijani A, Nejadkarimi S, Rahchamani M. Effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine and zinc nanoparticles on the microshear bond strength of dentin with a fifth-generation adhesive. Eur J Dent 2019; 12:105-110. [PMID: 29657533 PMCID: PMC5883460 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_172_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In this study, we compared the effects of 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and nano zinc oxide (NZO) on the microshear bond strength of dentin with a fifth-generation adhesive after acid etching. Materials and Methods: Forty molar teeth were randomly divided into four main groups based on dentin surface treatment technique (a) control (single bond 2); (b) NZO; (c) CHX; and (d) NZO + CHX. In each group, half of the samples underwent thermocycling, with no thermocycling in the other half. Then, failure mode was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, two-way ANOVA, and Chi-squared test. Results: The mean microshear bond strength of the groups without thermocycling was more than that of the groups with thermocycling, but there were no statistically significant differences between the groups with and without thermocycling in pair-wise comparisons. Conclusion: Pretreatment with NZO and CHX separately and simultaneously had no effect on the microshear bond strength of a fifth-generation adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homayoon Alaghehmad
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Elham Mansouri
- Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Behnaz Esmaili
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Bijani
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sogol Nejadkarimi
- Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Shahid beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shadman N, Farzin-Ebrahimi S, Mortazavi-Lahijani E, Jalali Z. Effect of chlorhexidine on the durability of a new universal adhesive system. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e921-e926. [PMID: 30386526 PMCID: PMC6203917 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of chlorhexidine on bond durability of universal adhesives is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine on 6-month water storage bond strength of adhesive systems. Material and Methods 72 freshly sound human extracted molars were selected. In each tooth both buccal and lingual sides were prepared by bur to reach superficial dentin and randomly divided into 6 groups and 12 sub-groups and bonded with Scotchbond Universal (SBU) or Scotchbond Multi-purpose (SBMP) with/without chlorhexidine (CHX) usage. Group 1: SBU, group2: SBU+CHX, group3: Etch+SBU, group4: Etch+CHX+SBU, group5: Etch+SBMP, group6: Etch+CHX+SBMP. After composite curing, water storage and thermocycling was done. Each group was divided into two subgroups. One was tested immediately, and the other was thermocycled for 5000 cycles (5-55 °C) (it was equivalent to 6 months of storage in distilled water). Shear bond strength test was done and failure modes were determined by Stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc test and Paired Two test with P<0.050 as the level of significance. Results Shear bond strength in late SBU (Self etch) was significantly lower than late SBU [Etch and rinse (ER)], P value= 0.0001, also shear bond strength in late SBU [self-etch (SE)] was significantly lower than immediate SBU (SE), P value= 0.01. There were no significant differences between other sub-groups and conditions. The most failure mode was adhesive in all the groups. Conclusions Long term bonding durability of SBU(ER) was better than SBU (SE). CHX usage had prevented bond strength decrease in SBU and SBMP in long term. CHX usage did not have any effect on immediate shear bond strength of SBU and SBMP. Immediate and late shear bond strength of SBMP with/without CHX usage was similar to SBU(SE, ER). Key words:Dentin Bonding, Shear Bond Strength, chlorhexidine, 6-month storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Shadman
- DDS, MSc, Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahram Farzin-Ebrahimi
- DDS, MSc, Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mortazavi-Lahijani
- DDS, MSc, Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Jalali
- DDS, MSc Student, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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19
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El-Deeb HA, Mobarak EH. Microshear Bond Strength of High-viscosity Glass-ionomer to Normal and Caries-affected Dentin Under Simulated Intrapulpal Pressure. Oper Dent 2018; 43:665-673. [DOI: 10.2341/17-154-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives:
The use of high-viscosity glass-ionomer cements (HVGICs) for atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations is widely practiced with the advent of various HVGICs. However, the bonding of the latter to caries-affected dentin (CAD) should be validated, especially because it is the common substrate left after conservative caries removal following the ART approach. Hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of three HVGICs to normal dentin (ND) and CAD under intrapulpal pressure (IPP) simulation.
Methods and Materials:
The occlusal enamel of 90 molars with mid-coronal caries was cut to expose flat dentin surfaces containing both ND and CAD. Dentin substrates (ND and CAD) were differentiated using visual, tactile, caries-detecting dye, and dye-permeability methods. Prepared crown segments were equally divided (n=30) according to the tested HVGICs into GC Fuji IX GP Fast, Fuji IX GP containing chlorhexidine, and zinc-reinforced ChemFil Rock HVGIC. Microcylinders of tested HVGICs were built up on both dentin substrates (n=30 for each tested HVGIC per each substrate) using starch tubes while the specimens were subjected to simulated IPP of 15 mm Hg. The μSBS test was conducted using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were determined using a scanning electron microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α=0.05).
Results:
For both dentin substrates (ND and CAD), the μSBS values of ChemFil Rock were significantly higher than those recorded for the other HVGICs. The μSBS values of each tested HVGIC to ND and CAD were not statistically different. Failure modes were mainly mixed.
Conclusions:
Zinc-reinforced HVGIC ChemFil Rock showed superior bonding to ND and CAD compared to the GC Fuji IX GP Fast and Fuji IX with chlorhexidine. However, each of the tested HVGICs showed comparable bonding to both dentin substrates (ND and CAD).
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Affiliation(s)
- HA El-Deeb
- Heba Ahmed El-Deeb, associate professor, BDS, MDS, DDSc, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - EH Mobarak
- Enas Hussein Mobarak, professor, BDS, MDS, DDSc, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Atomura J, Inoue G, Nikaido T, Yamanaka K, Uo M, Tagami J. Influence of FCP-COMPLEX on bond strength and the adhesive-artificial caries-affected dentin interface. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:775-782. [PMID: 29925732 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
FCP-COMPLEX is a newly developed solution containing fluoride, calcium, and phosphoric acid that has the potential to reinforce caries-affected dentin. This study evaluated the effect of FCP-COMPLEX on micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) and acid-challenge at the dentin-adhesive interface. FCP-COMPLEX, 2% NaF, and distilled water were applied to artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) and the effect on acid-induced damage after resin composite restoration was observed. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) were used to evaluate tooth morphology. The µTBS test revealed no effect of FCP-COMPLEX either immediately or after 3 months' storage. The area of acid damage in caries-affected dentin was reduced by FCP-COMPLEX. XAFS analysis revealed that absorbed fluorine on the surface would form CaF2. In conclusion, FCP-COMPLEX significantly reduced the damage of acidic attack at the ACAD-adhesive interface, while the µTBS value was maintained after storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Atomura
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Go Inoue
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Toru Nikaido
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Keisuke Yamanaka
- SR center, Research Organization of Science & Engineering, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Motohiro Uo
- Advanced Biomaterials Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU).,Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
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21
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Degrazia FW, Leitune VCB, Visioli F, Samuel SMW, Collares FM. Long-term stability of dental adhesive incorporated by boron nitride nanotubes. Dent Mater 2018; 34:427-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Maske TT, Kuper NK, Hollanders ACC, Bronkhorst EM, Cenci MS, Huysmans MCDNJM. Secondary caries development and the role of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor: A clinical in situ study. J Dent 2018; 71:49-53. [PMID: 29391181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in situ study aimed to investigate whether the dentin treatment with MMPs inhibitor (CHX 2%) could influence the development of secondary caries wall lesions in different dentin-composite interfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS For 21 days, 15 volunteers wore a modified-occlusal splint loaded with dentin-composite samples treated or not with CHX and restored according 4 different interface conditions: Bonding (B = samples restored with complete adhesive procedure), no bonding (NB = restored with composite resin without adhesive procedure), 100 μm (no adhesive procedure and with intentional gap) and 100 μm + B (adhesive material on composite side and intentional gap). Eight times per day, the splint with samples was dipped in a 20% sucrose solution for 10 min. Before and after caries development, samples were imaged with T-WIM and lesion depth (LD) and mineral loss (ML) were calculated. RESULTS Linear mixed effect analysis showed that dentin treatment with CHX did not significantly affect the caries lesion progression (LD and ML; p ≤ 0.797). Dentin wall lesions were observed in the 100 μm and 100 μm + B groups independently of MMP inhibitor treatment. CONCLUSION The treatment of dentin with MMP inhibitor was not able to slow down the secondary caries wall lesion development in this in situ study. SIGNIFICANCE The dentin treatment with 2% CHX did not prevent secondary caries wall lesion initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Maske
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Dentistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - N K Kuper
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Dentistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A C C Hollanders
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Dentistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E M Bronkhorst
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Dentistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M S Cenci
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M C D N J M Huysmans
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Dentistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Vallabhdas AK, Kumar CNV, Kabbinale P, Nayak R, Rajakumari M, Shilpa T. Evaluation of Hybrid Layer and Bonding Interface after Water Storage with and without the Usage of 2% Chlorhexidine: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:52-59. [PMID: 29358535 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM Restorative dentists employ different bonding systems between the resin and the dentin and other dentinal tissues to achieve the goal of micromechanical retention. Studies have shown that the bond between composite and dentin degrades over time because of the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) on collagen fibrils left unprotected by acid etching. The MMPs may be partially responsible for hybrid layer degradation. Since chlorhexidine (CHX) inhibits MMPs, we hypothesized that CHX would decelerate the loss of resin-dentin bonds. Hence, this in vitro study is intended to evaluate the effects of 2% CHX on hybrid layer and bonding interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Totally, 40 freshly extracted molars were randomly divided into four experimental groups. In all 40 specimens, class II cavities were prepared to a depth of 1 mm below the dentinoenamel junction with no axial wall, but the elimination of the proximal enamel ridge. The teeth were then randomly divided into four experimental groups, i.e., All Bond 2 without 2% CHX (group I), All Bond 2 with 2% CHX (group II), One Coat 7.0 without 2% CHX (group III), and One Coat 7.0 with 2% CHX (group IV). All the specimens were derooted and sectioned mesiodistally into two halves and placed under water at 37°C for 3 months and observed under scanning electron microscope for the hybrid layer and resin tag formation. RESULTS Groups I and II showed statistically significant difference when the presence/absence of resin tags was compared. When groups III and IV were compared for the presence/absence of hybrid layer and resin tags, the results were statistically significant. CONCLUSION Between all the four experimental groups, irrespective of the bonding systems used, we concluded that groups with 2% CHX usage showed promising results with presence/ absence of hybrid layer and resin tags formation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Studies suggest that the bond between composite and dentin degrades over time because of the action of MMPs on collagen fibrils left unprotected by acid etching. Measures should be taken to prevent this from happening and thus allow bond between composite and dentin last longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Vallabhdas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Subbaiah Institute of Dental Sciences, Shimoga, Karnataka India
| | - C N Vijay Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Subbaiah Institute of Dental Sciences, Shimoga, Karnataka India, Phone: +919480047110, e-mail:
| | - Pradeep Kabbinale
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Subbaiah Institute of Dental Sciences, Shimoga, Karnataka India
| | - Rajaram Nayak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manju Rajakumari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Subbaiah Institute of Dental Sciences, Shimoga, Karnataka India
| | - Thulasidharan Shilpa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Siqueira FSF, Cardenas AFM, Gomes GM, Chibinski AC, Gomes OMM, Bandeca MC, Loguercio AD, Gomes JC. Three-Year Effects of Deproteinization on the In Vitro Durability of Resin/Dentin-Eroded Interfaces. Oper Dent 2018; 43:60-70. [DOI: 10.2341/16-308-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective:
To evaluate the effect of sodium hypochlorite on the immediate and three-year bonding properties of a resin-eroded dentin interface produced by one of two adhesive strategies.
Methods and Materials:
Forty-eight molars were randomly assigned to six experimental groups, according to the combination of the adhesive strategy (etch-and-rinse and self-etch) and the dentin surface (control groups without erosion, eroded dentin surface [ED], and eroded dentin surface + NaOCl 5.2% [ED + NaOCl]). After completing restoration, specimens were stored in water (37°C) for 24 hours and then sectioned into resin–dentin beams (0.8 mm2) to be tested under tension (0.5 mm/min) immediately thereafter or after three years of water storage. To assess nanoleakage (NL), specimens were immersed in silver nitrate solution and examined by scanning electron microscopy at both time points. The dentin-etching pattern was examined under a scanning electron microscope. Data were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis (α=0.05)
Results:
In both strategies, a more pronounced and significant reduction of the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) values was observed for the ED groups (p=0.0001) after three years. However, in the ED + NaOCl group, μTBS values were maintained after three years of water storage. Furthermore, application of NaOCl to eroded dentin significantly reduced the immediate NL values and also preserved these values after three years of water storage for both adhesive strategies (p>0.05). When considering the ED group, a superficial removal of the smear layer and enlarged lumen tubules in comparison to control were present. However, for ED + NaOCl, there was a total removal of the smear layer and significant numbers of collagen fibrils were exposed.
Conclusion:
The use of NaOCl may maintain the long-term stability of a resin-eroded dentin interface formed by etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- FSF Siqueira
- Fabiana Suelen Figueredo de Siqueira, DDS, MS, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - AFM Cardenas
- Andres Felipe Millan Cardenas, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, Brazil
| | - GM Gomes
- Giovana Mongruel Gomes, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - AC Chibinski
- Ana Claúdia Rodriguez Chibinski, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - OMM Gomes
- Giovana Mongruel Gomes, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - MC Bandeca
- Matheus Coelho Bandeca, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, Brazil
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro D. Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - JC Gomes
- Giovana Mongruel Gomes, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Giacomini MC, Scaffa PMC, Chaves LP, Vidal CMP, Machado TN, Honório HM, Tjäderhane L, Wang L. Role of Proteolytic Enzyme Inhibitors on Carious and Eroded Dentin Associated With a Universal Bonding System. Oper Dent 2017; 42:E188-E196. [DOI: 10.2341/16-178-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of proteolytic inhibitors on the bond strength of a universal adhesive system (etch-and-rinse mode) applied to artificial carious and eroded dentin. Methods: Ninety molars were prepared and randomly divided into three groups according to the substrate: N, no challenges; ACD, artificial carious dentin simulation and ERO, artificial erosion simulation with orange juice. All groups were redivided into three subgroups according to the dentin pretreatment: W, water; CHX, 2% digluconate chlorhexidine; and E-64 (trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-[4-guanidino] butane), 5 μM E-64 inhibitor. They constituted a total of nine groups (n=10): N-W, N-CHX, N-E64, ACD-W, ACD-CHX, ACD-E64, ERO-W, ERO-CHX, and ERO-E64. All specimens were restored with Adper Single Bond Universal/Filtek Z250. Beams (0.64 mm2) were obtained and subjected to the microtensile test (μTBS) in a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. The failure mode of the interfaces was determined by optical microscopy (40× magnification). Data were statistically analyzed by three-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (p<0.05). Results: All individual factors (p<0.0001) and the interaction between substrate and treatment (p=0.0011) and between substrate and time (p=0.0003) were statistically significant. The caries substrate contributed negatively to bond strength. Chlorhexidine reduced bond strength for normal and eroded conditions. Only the normal substrate was negatively affected by time despite the pretreatment. Conclusions: The universal bonding system appears to be a promising bonding strategy for the maintenance of bond strength to affected dentin. E-64 did not affect bonding to the dentin in contrast to the use of chlorhexidine, which, when associated with the universal system, did affect the microtensile bond strength for artificial carious dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- MC Giacomini
- Marina Ciccone Giacomini, DDS, MS, PhD student, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - PMC Scaffa
- Polliana Mendes Candia Scaffa, DDS, MS, PhD, postdoctoral student, Department of Biological Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - LP Chaves
- Larissa Pinceli Chaves, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - CMP Vidal
- Cristina de Mattos Pimenta Vidal, DDS, MS, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - TN Machado
- Thaís Nayara Machado, DDS, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - HM Honório
- Heitor Marques Honório, DDS, MS, PhD, associate professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics, and Collective Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - L Wang
- Linda Wang, DDS, MS, PhD, associate professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Long-Term Bond Strength of Two Benzalkonium Chloride-Modified Adhesive Systems to Eroded Dentin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1207208. [PMID: 28875148 PMCID: PMC5569750 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1207208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) modification of two adhesive systems on long-term bond strength to normal and artificially eroded dentin. A total of 128 extracted human molars were sectioned and the buccal and oral surfaces of each molar were ground until the dentin. One half was left untreated (normal dentin) while the other half underwent artificial erosion. Resin composite was bonded to the buccal or oral surface following treatment with Adper Scotchbond 1XT or OptiBond FL without or with 1% BAC incorporation. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured after 24 h (100% humidity, 37°C) or 1 year (tap water, 37°C). SBS results were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). SBS was significantly lower to artificially eroded dentin than to normal dentin (p < 0.001). Storage for 1 year had no effect on SBS to normal dentin but led to a significant decrease in SBS to artificially eroded dentin (p < 0.001). BAC incorporation decreased the 24 h SBS to normal dentin (p = 0.018), increased the 24 h SBS to eroded dentin (p = 0.001), and had no effect on the 1-year SBS for either substrate. Consequently, BAC incorporation did not improve bond durability.
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MATOS AB, TREVELIN LT, SILVA BTFD, FRANCISCONI-DOS-RIOS LF, SIRIANI LK, CARDOSO MV. Bonding efficiency and durability: current possibilities. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e57. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Evaluate the effect of different mmps inhibitors on adhesive physical properties of dental adhesives, bond strength and mmp substarte activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4975. [PMID: 28694471 PMCID: PMC5503998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have evaluated and compare the effect of different exogenous MMP inhibitors on adhesive physical properties of dental adhesives, bond strength, micro permeability and MMP substrate activity. 180-grit Sic paper was used to obtain the superficial dentin surface from each and every tooth after the wet grinding procedure. Dentin was exposed to four different MMP inhibitors to evaluate the effect on resin adhesive dentin interface. The four groups used in study were: 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, 2% doxycycline solution, 5% Proanthocyanidin (PR), Control Group. We evaluated and compared the four groups at each and every step of etching, bonding and resin application. Then, the immunolabeling was done with the help of the secondary antibodies with the pH of 7 and the dilution of 1:20. Amongst all the etching pretreatment groups, CHE group (Chlorhexidine etching group) revealed highest exposure to collagen fibrils than the other groups of etching. Then after the CHE group, the next group which has the second highest exposure DOE group. MMP inhibitor application for time duration of 1 minute after the etching procedures significantly improves the bond strength, exposure to collagen fibres and uniforms the dense form of dentin hybrid layer.
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Maravic T, Mazzoni A, Comba A, Scotti N, Checchi V, Breschi L. How Stable is Dentin As a Substrate for Bonding? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-017-0149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yu HH, Zhang L, Yu F, Li F, Liu ZY, Chen JH. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and Epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl)-gallate Enhance the Bonding Stability of an Etch-and-Rinse Adhesive to Dentin. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10020183. [PMID: 28772546 PMCID: PMC5459131 DOI: 10.3390/ma10020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl)-gallate (EGCG-3Me) modified etch-and-rinse adhesives (Single Bond 2, SB 2) for their antibacterial effect and bonding stability to dentin. EGCG-3Me was isolated and purified with column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. EGCG and EGCG-3Me were incorporated separately into the adhesive SB 2 at concentrations of 200, 400, and 600 µg/mL. The effect of cured adhesives on the growth of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) was determined with scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy; the biofilm of bacteria was further quantified via optical density 600 values. The inhibition of EGCG and EGCG-3Me on dentin-originated collagen proteases activities was evaluated with a proteases fluorometric assay kit. The degree of conversion (DC) of the adhesives was tested with micro-Raman spectrum. The immediate and post-thermocycling (5000 cycles) bond strength was assessed through Microtensile Bond Strength (MTBS) test. Cured EGCG/EGCG-3Me modified adhesives inhibit the growth of S. mutans in a concentration-dependent manner. The immediate MTBS of SB 2 was not compromised by EGCG/EGCG-3Me modification. EGCG/EGCG-3Me modified adhesive had higher MTBS than SB 2 after thermocycling, showing no correlation with concentration. The DC of the adhesive system was affected depending on the concentration of EGCG/EGCG-3Me and the depth of the hybrid layer. EGCG/EGCG-3Me modified adhesives could inhibit S. mutans adhesion to dentin–resin interface, and maintain the bonding stability. The adhesive modified with 400 µg/mL EGCG-3Me showed antibacterial effect and enhanced bonding stability without affect the DC of adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Fan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zheng-Ya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Ji-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Carvalho C, Fernandes FP, Freitas VDP, França FMG, Basting RT, Turssi CP, Amaral FLB. Effect of green tea extract on bonding durability of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system to caries-affected dentin. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:211-7. [PMID: 27383701 PMCID: PMC5022223 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Green tea extract has been advocated as a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor; however, its effect on bond durability to caries-affected dentin has never been reported. Thus, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of two MMP inhibitors (2% chlorhexidine and 2% green tea extract), applied after acid etching, on bond durability of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system to caries-affected dentin. Material and Methods Occlusal enamel was removed from third molars to expose the dentin surface, and the molars were submitted to a caries induction protocol for 15 days. After removal of infected dentin, specimens were conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid (15 seconds) and randomly divided into three groups, according to the type of dentin pretreatment (n=10): NT: no treatment; GT: 2% green tea extract; CLX: 2% chlorhexidine. The etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Adper™ Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions, and composite resin restorations were built on the dentin. After 24 hours, at 37°C, the resin-tooth blocks were sectioned perpendicularly to the adhesive interface in the form of sticks (0.8 mm2 of adhesive area) and randomly subdivided into two groups according to when they were to be submitted to microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing: immediately or 6 months after storage in distilled water. Data were reported in MPa and submitted to two-way ANOVA for completely randomized blocks, followed by Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results After 24 hours, there was no significant difference in the μTBS of the groups. After 6 months, the GT group had significantly higher μTBS values. Conclusion It was concluded that the application of 2% green tea extract was able to increase bond durability of the etch-and-rinse system to dentin. Neither the application of chlorhexidine nor non-treatment (NT - control) had any effect on bond strength after water storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Carvalho
- Faculdade de Odontologia e Centro de Pesquisas Odontológicas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Valeria da Penha Freitas
- Faculdade de Odontologia e Centro de Pesquisas Odontológicas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Roberta Tarkany Basting
- Faculdade de Odontologia e Centro de Pesquisas Odontológicas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Cecilia Pedroso Turssi
- Faculdade de Odontologia e Centro de Pesquisas Odontológicas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Combination Effect of Hemostatic and Disinfecting Agents on Micro-leakage of Restorations Bonded with Different Bonding Systems. JOURNAL OF DENTAL BIOMATERIALS 2016; 3:292-298. [PMID: 28959756 PMCID: PMC5608065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Hemostatic agents may affect the micro-leakage of different adhesive systems. Also, chlorhexidine has shown positive effects on micro-leakage. However, their interaction effect has not been reported yet. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of contamination with a hemostatic agent on micro-leakage of total- and self-etching adhesive systems and the effect of chlorhexidine application after the removal of the hemostatic agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS Standardized Class V cavity was prepared on each of the sixty caries free premolars at the cemento-enamel junction, with the occlusal margin located in enamel and the gingival margin in dentin. Then, the specimens were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10) according to hemostatic agent (H) contamination, chlorhexidine (CHX) application, and the type of adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond and Clearfil SE Bond) used. After filling the cavities with resin composite, the root apices were sealed with utility wax. Furthermore, all the surfaces, except for the restorations and 1mm from the margins, were covered with two layers of nail varnish. The teeth were immersed in a 0.5% basic fuschin dye for 24 hours, rinsed, blot-dried and sectioned longitudinally through the center of the restorations bucco- lingualy. The sections were examined using a stereomicroscope and the extension of dye penetration was analyzed according to a non-parametric scale from 0 to 3. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS While ASB group showed no micro-leakage in enamel, none of the groups showed complete elimination of micro-leakage from the dentin. Regarding micro-leakage at enamel, and dentin margins, there was no significant difference between groups 1 and 2, 1 and 3, and 2 and 3 (p > 0.05). A significantly lower micro-leakage at the enamel and dentin margins was observed in group 3, compared to group 6. No significant difference was observed between groups 4 and 5 in enamel (p = 0.35) and dentin (p = 0.34). Group 6 showed significantly higher micro-leakage, compared to group 4 and 5 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hemostatic agent contamination had no significant effect on micro-leakage of total- and self-etching adhesive systems. Application of chlorhexidine after the removal of hemostatic agent increased micro-leakage in self-etching adhesives but did not affect when total-etching was used.
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Dionysopoulos D. Effect of digluconate chlorhexidine on bond strength between dental adhesive systems and dentin: A systematic review. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:11-6. [PMID: 26957786 PMCID: PMC4760005 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.173185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to systematically review the literature for the effect of digluconate chlorhexidine (CHX) on bond strength between dental adhesive systems and dentin of composite restorations. Materials and Methods: The electronic databases that were searched to identify manuscripts for inclusion were Medline via PubMed and Google search engine. The search strategies were computer search of the database and review of reference lists of the related articles. Search words/terms were as follows: (digluconate chlorhexidine*) AND (dentin* OR adhesive system* OR bond strength*). Results: Bond strength reduction after CHX treatments varied among the studies, ranging 0-84.9%. In most of the studies, pretreatment CHX exhibited lower bond strength reduction than the control experimental groups. Researchers who previously investigated the effect of CHX on the bond strength of dental adhesive systems on dentin have reported contrary results, which may be attributed to different experimental methods, different designs of the experiments, and different materials investigated. Conclusions: Further investigations, in particular clinical studies, would be necessary to clarify the effect of CHX on the longevity of dentin bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Dionysopoulos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Mechanisms of degradation of the hybrid layer in adhesive dentistry and therapeutic agents to improve bond durability—A literature review. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e41-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Total- and Self-etching Adhesive Systems after Application of Chlorhexidine to Dentin Contaminated with a Hemostatic Agent. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2015; 16:175-81. [PMID: 26331146 PMCID: PMC4554309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Hemostatic agents may influence the bond strength of different bonding agents. Also, chlorhexidine has shown positive effects on bond strength values and their combination effect has not been reported yet. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of contamination with a hemostatic agent on shear bond strength (SBS) of total- and self-etching adhesive systems and the effect of chlorhexidine application after removal of the hemostatic agent. MATERIALS AND METHOD In this experimental study, the occlusal enamel of each sixty caries-free mandibular molars was removed and their midcoronal dentin was exposed. The specimens were then mounted in auto-polymerizing resin 1mm apical to CEJ. Then, the specimens were divided into 6 groups (n=10) based on contamination with a hemostatic agent (H), application of chlorhexidine (CHX) and the adhesive system used; and then were classified as Group 1: Adper Single Bond (ASB); Group 2: H+ASB; Group 3: H+0.2% CHX+ASB; Group 4: Clearfil SE Bond (CSB); Group 5: H+CSB; Group 6: H+0.2% CHX+CSB. Then, composite resin rods (4×2 mm) were built up on the dentin surfaces and after thermocycling, the SBS (MPa) was evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (p< 0.05). RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between bond strength values of group 1 (ASB) and group 2 (H+ASB) (p< 0.001) and group 1 (ASB) and group 3 (H+CHX+ASB) (p< 0.001). Similarly, significant differences were seen between group 4 (CSB) and group 5 (H+CSB) (p< 0.001) and between group 4 (CSB) and group 6 (H+CHX+CSB) (p< 0.001). CONCLUSION Contamination with hemostatic agent reduced the SBS of both total- and self-etching adhesive systems. In addition, application of chlorhexidine after the removal of hemostatic agent had a negative effect on SBS of total- and self-etching adhesive systems.
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Lenzi TL, Calvo AFB, Tedesco TK, Ricci HA, Hebling J, Raggio DP. Effect of method of caries induction on aged resin-dentin bond of primary teeth. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:79. [PMID: 26163387 PMCID: PMC4499226 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the influence of chemical and microbiological methods of caries induction on bond degradation of adhesive systems to primary dentin. Methods Flat dentin surfaces from 36 primary molars were assigned to three groups (n = 12) according to method to induce caries-affected dentin: (1) control (sound dentin); (2) pH-cycling; and (3) microbiological caries induction model. Teeth were submitted to caries induction for 14 days for both methods, and the sound dentin was stored in distilled water during the same period. Specimens from each experimental group were then randomly reassigned to two subgroups (n = 6) according to the adhesive system tested: two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2 - SB) or two-step self-etch system (Clearfil SE Bond - CSEB). Composite buildups were constructed and sectioned to obtain bonded sticks to be subjected to microtensile (μTBS) testing immediately or after 12 months of water aging. The μTBS means were analyzed by three-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (α = 0.05). Results The μTBS values obtained to artificially-created caries-affected dentin were lower compared with sound dentin, but were not affected by method of caries induction. Water storage for 12 months reduced bond strengths, except to CSEB bonded to sound dentin. Conclusion Chemical and microbiological methods affect similarly the stability of resin-dentin bonds in primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathiane Larissa Lenzi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Ana Flávia Bissoto Calvo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Tamara Kerber Tedesco
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Hérica Adad Ricci
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rua Humaitá 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rua Humaitá 1680, 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Prócida Raggio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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An MMP-inhibitor modified adhesive primer enhances bond durability to carious dentin. Dent Mater 2015; 31:594-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hebling J, Bianchi L, Basso FG, Scheffel DL, Soares DG, Carrilho MRO, Pashley DH, Tjäderhane L, de Souza Costa CA. Cytotoxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in direct contact with odontoblast-like cells. Dent Mater 2015; 31:399-405. [PMID: 25681221 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the cytotoxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the repair-related activity of cultured odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. METHODS Solutions with different concentrations of DMSO (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mM), diluted in culture medium (DMEM), were placed in contact with MDPC-23 cells (5 × 104 cells/cm(2)) for 24 h. Eight replicates (n = 8) were prepared for each solutions for the following methods of analysis: violet crystal dye for cell adhesion (CA), quantification of total protein (TP), alizarin red for mineralization nodules formation (MN) and cell death by necrosis (flow cytometry); while twelve replicates (n = 12) were prepared for viable cell number (Trypan Blue) and cell viability (MTT assay). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney's tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS Cell viability, adhesion and percentage of cell death by necrosis were not affected by DMSO at any concentration, with no statistical significant difference among the groups. A significant reduction in total protein production was observed for 0.5 and 1.0 mM of DMSO compared to the control while increased mineralized nodules formation was seen only for 1.0 mM DMSO. SIGNIFICANCE DMSO caused no or minor cytotoxic effects on the pulp tissue repair-related activity of odontoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hebling
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - L Bianchi
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - F G Basso
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - D L Scheffel
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - D G Soares
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - M R O Carrilho
- Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D H Pashley
- Georgia Regents University, College of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L Tjäderhane
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - C A de Souza Costa
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Departament of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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MACHADO CM, ZAMUNER AC, MODENA KCDS, ISHIKIRIAMA SK, WANG L. How erosive drinks and enzyme inhibitors impact bond strength to dentin. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100300. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
In dentin bonding, contemporary dental adhesive systems rely on formation of the hybrid layer, a biocomposite containing dentin collagen and polymerized resin adhesive. They are usually able to create at least reasonable integrity of the hybrid layer with high immediate bond strength. However, loss of dentin-bonded interface integrity and bond strength is commonly seen after aging both in vitro and in vivo. This is due to endogenous collagenolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases, and cysteine cathepsins, responsible for the time-dependent loss of hybrid layer collagen. In addition, the hydrophilic nature of adhesive systems creates problems that lead to suboptimal hybrid layers. These problems include, for example, insufficient resin impregnation of dentin, phase separation, and a low rate of polymerization, all of which may reduce the longevity of the bonded interface. Preservation of the collagen matrix integrity by inhibition of endogenous dentin proteases is key to improving dentin bonding durability. Several approaches to retain the integrity of the hybrid layer and to improve the long-term dentin bond strength have been tested. These include the use of enzyme inhibitors, either separately or as incorporated into the adhesive resins; increase of collagen resistance to enzymatic degradation; and elimination of water from the interface to slow down or eliminate hydrolytic loss of the hybrid layer components. This review looks at the principles, current status, and future of the different techniques designed to prevent the loss of hybrid layer and bond strength.
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Pinheiro SL, Pereira DR, De Milito F, Villalpando KT. Influence of metalloproteinases on dentin hybridization of one-bottle or self-etch dental bonding systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15:705-11. [PMID: 25825094 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the influence of dentin substrate and chlorhexidine on the marginal seal of composite resin restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample comprised 20 third molars. Four cavities were drilled in the dentin sur face, followed by sealing and restoration of sound dentin (n = 10) or carious dentin (n = 10). In the control group, cavities were immediately restored as follows: G1: one-bottle bonding agent (OB) + composite resin (CR); G2: chlorhexidine 2.0% (CLX) + OB + CR; G3: self-etch bonding agent (SE) + CR; G4: CLX + SE + CR. In the experimental group (carious dentin), carious lesions were induced with S. mutans and cavities were restored as in the control group. Five specimens from each group (sound and carious) were stored in brain-heart infusion (BHI) medium for 6 months. All specimens were submerged in methylene blue 0.5% to test for microleakage. The Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests were used to assess results. RESULTS On immediate assessment, there were no significant between-group differences in the sound dentin group, whereas in carious dentin, there was less leakage when OB and CLX were used. At 6 months, there was less leakage in the sound dentin group when OB and CLX were used; there were no between-group differences in carious dentin. Comparison of immediate and 6-month assessments showed a significant increase in leakage at 6 months when sound dentin was treated with SE and CLX and when carious dentin was treated with OB and CLX. CONCLUSION To ensure better dentin hybridization and preservation of the organic constituents of the dentin matrix, the properties of chlorhexidine digluconate and the components of the resin matrix must be taken into account. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Metalloproteinases influence degradation of the hybrid layer in composite resin restorations, regardless of whether the bonding system used is one-bottle or self-etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro
- Professor, Department of Dentistry, Rua Raul Gasparini No 525, Bairro: Panorama, Residencial Jardim das Palmeiras, Vinhedo-SP CEP: 13280000, Brazil, Phone: 55 11 992450090, e-mail:
| | - Diana Roberta Pereira
- Undergraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flávia De Milito
- Undergraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Karina Teixeira Villalpando
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Campinas São Paulo, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Montagner AF, Sarkis-Onofre R, Pereira-Cenci T, Cenci MS. MMP Inhibitors on Dentin Stability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Dent Res 2014; 93:733-43. [PMID: 24935066 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514538046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for in vitro and ex vivo studies that evaluated the effect of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors during the adhesive procedure on the immediate and long-term resin-dentin bond strength. The search was conducted in 6 databases with no publication year or language limits, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. From 1,336 potentially eligible studies, 48 were selected for full-text analysis, and 30 were included for review, with 17 considered in the meta-analysis. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. Pooled effect estimates were expressed as the weighted mean difference between groups. The most used MMP inhibitor was chlorhexidine (CHX). Immediate bond strength results showed no difference between 2% CHX and control; however, a difference was found between 0.2% CHX and control at baseline. After aging, CHX presented higher bond strength values compared to control groups (p < .05). However, this was not observed for longer periods of aging. High heterogeneity was found in some comparisons, especially for the water storage aging subgroup. Subgroup analyses showed that self-etching and etch-and-rinse adhesives are benefited by the CHX use. From the studies included, only 1 presented low risk of bias, while the others showed medium or high risk of bias. The use of MMP inhibitors did not affect the immediate bond strength overall, while it influenced the aged bond strength. Aging procedures influenced bond strength values of the dentin adhesion stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Montagner
- Federal University of Pelotas, School of Dentistry, Gonçalves Chaves, 457, Fifth Floor, Pelotas, 96015560, Brazil
| | - R Sarkis-Onofre
- Federal University of Pelotas, School of Dentistry, Gonçalves Chaves, 457, Fifth Floor, Pelotas, 96015560, Brazil
| | - T Pereira-Cenci
- Federal University of Pelotas, School of Dentistry, Gonçalves Chaves, 457, Fifth Floor, Pelotas, 96015560, Brazil
| | - M S Cenci
- Federal University of Pelotas, School of Dentistry, Gonçalves Chaves, 457, Fifth Floor, Pelotas, 96015560, Brazil
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Ekambaram M, Yiu CKY, Matinlinna JP, King NM, Tay FR. Adjunctive application of chlorhexidine and ethanol-wet bonding on durability of bonds to sound and caries-affected dentine. J Dent 2014; 42:709-19. [PMID: 24732576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of adjunctive application of chlorhexidine (CHX) and ethanol-wet bonding (EWB) on bond durability and nanoleakage of hydrophobic adhesive to sound (SD) and caries-affected dentine (CAD). METHODS Dentine surfaces of molars were etched after caries removal and randomly allocated to four groups (n=12). In Groups 1 and 2, dentine surfaces were saturated with either 2 ml of 100% ethanol or 2 ml of ethanol with 2% CHX for 60s. In Groups 3 and 4, dentine surfaces were saturated with either 15 μL of distilled water or 15 μL of distilled water with 2% CHX for 60s. Two coats of primer, followed by neat resin were applied and light-cured for 40s. Resin composite build-ups were placed and bonded specimens were sectioned for bond strength testing after 24 h and 12 months' storage in artificial saliva. Bond strength data were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA and SNK tests. Interfacial nanoleakage was evaluated after 24 h and 12 months using a field-emission scanning electron microscopy and data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Significant differences were observed for the three factors: "substrate" (p<0.001), "rewetting agents" (p<0.001) and "time" (p<0.001) on bond strength. Incorporation of 2% CHX to EWB preserved bond strength to SD and CAD and reduced interfacial nanoleakage after 12 months. Incorporation of 2% CHX to WWB also preserved bond strength to SD after ageing. CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of chlorhexidine to ethanol-wet bonding has an interaction effect on preservation of bond durability to sound and caries-affected dentine. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Incorporation of chlorhexidine to ethanol-wet bonding with hydrophobic adhesive enhances the success rate of aesthetic bonded restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Ekambaram
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nigel Martyn King
- School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre of Western Australia, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Franklin Russell Tay
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Ricci HA, Scheffel DLS, de Souza Costa CA, dos Santos FJ, Jafelicci M, Hebling J. Wettability of chlorhexidine treated non-carious and caries-affected dentine. Aust Dent J 2014; 59:37-42. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HA Ricci
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Araraquara School of Dentistry; Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
| | - DLS Scheffel
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Araraquara School of Dentistry; Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
| | - CA de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Araraquara School of Dentistry; Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
| | - FJ dos Santos
- Department of Physics and Chemistry; Chemistry Institute of Araraquara; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
| | - M Jafelicci
- Department of Physics and Chemistry; Chemistry Institute of Araraquara; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
| | - J Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Araraquara School of Dentistry; Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
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de Azevedo CS, Garbui BU, Martins e Silva C, Simionato Lorenzetti MR, de Freitas AZ, Matos AB. Obtaining artificially caries-affected dentin for in vitro studies. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15:12-19. [PMID: 24939258 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated and improved a protocol for obtaining standard caries-affected dentin (CAD) by Streptococcus mutans biofilm demineralization process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight human molars were divided in six experimental groups, according to: period of cariogenic challenge (7, 14 or 21 days) and type of dentin (erupted or unerupted teeth). After complete cariogenic challenge sound and CAD dentin were evaluated by: visual inspection (VI), digital radiography (DR), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser fluorescence (LF). RESULTS Visual inspection confirmed the formation of CAD based on tissue yellowing and loss of surface gloss. Digital radiography detected the presence of radiolucent images, suggesting caries. Three calibrated examiners viewed all images obtained by VI and DR and were able to distinguish healthy from CAD. Fisher's exact statistical test (p < 0.05) confirmed no difference between groups by VI (G1/G4: p = 0.6; G2/G5: p = 1; G3/G6: p = 1) or DR (G1/G4: p = 1; G2/G5: p = 1; G3/G6: p = 1). Both LF values and demineralization depth, as determined by OCT, were subjected to ANOVA (p < 0.05). For LF, a statistically significant difference was observed for the type of substrate (p = 0.001). For OCT, no statistically significant differences in the type of substrate (p = 0.163), length of cariogenic challenge (p = 0.512) or interaction between factors (p = 0.148) were observed. Scanning electron micrographs confirmed the presence of CAD; a more uniform demineralization surface was observed in the dentin of unerupted teeth. CONCLUSION This protocol suggests that standard CAD can be obtained in 7 days of cariogenic challenge using unerupted teeth. Clinical significance: With the new perspective on the clinical treatment of caries lesions, bonding is increasingly performed to demineralize CAD, which is susceptible to remineralization. A useful protocol to standardize the production of CAD, by microbiological cariogenic challenge, would be an important contribution to laboratorial test in the field of operative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Uglik Garbui
- BDS, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Adriana Bona Matos
- Full Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Sabatini C. Effect of a chlorhexidine-containing adhesive on dentin bond strength stability. Oper Dent 2013; 38:609-17. [PMID: 23550910 DOI: 10.2341/12-239-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate a novel adhesive system containing 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) for its ability to improve the stability of the adhesive interface compared with the use of 2% CHX as a therapeutic primer. Furthermore, the study aimed to confirm the inhibitory properties of these CHX concentrations (0.2% and 2.0%) on dentin matrix metalloproteinase activity by gelatin zymography. METHODS Superficial dentin substrate for bonding was obtained from 120 non-carious human molars. A conventional adhesive Peak LC Bond and a CHX-containing adhesive Peak Universal Bond were used either in combination with 35% phosphoric acid (etch-and-rinse approach) or with self-etching primer (self-etch approach) for evaluation of the variables CHX treatment (2.0% therapeutic primer and 0.2% adhesive), adhesive approach (etch-and-rinse and self-etch), and storage time (24 hours and six months). A bonding jig was used to fabricate composite cylinders, which were stored for either 24 hours or six months, after which shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated using a notched-edge testing device. A three-way analysis of variance and a Student t-test with a significance level of p<0.05 were used to analyze the data. Extracts from concentrated demineralized human dentin powder were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and incubated in the presence of 0.2% and 2.0% CHX. RESULTS No significant effect of CHX treatment, adhesive approach, storage time variables, or their interactions on mean SBS was demonstrated (p<0.05). No significant difference between the control and the CHX-treated groups was detected for either adhesive technique at 24 hours or six months (p<0.05). No significant variation in mean SBS was detected after six months of storage (p<0.05). Zymographic analysis revealed bands of enzymatic activity for the group demineralized with phosphoric acid and complete inhibition of gelatinolytic activity for the groups treated with 0.2% and 2.0% CHX. CONCLUSIONS CHX demonstrated inhibition of dentin proteolytic activity. However, when CHX was incorporated into a commercially available adhesive or used as a therapeutic primer, no difference in bond strength was observed at baseline or after six months of storage relative to the control group without CHX.
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Verma R, Singh UP, Tyagi SP, Nagpal R, Manuja N. Long-term bonding effectiveness of simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives to dentin after different surface pre-treatments. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16:367-70. [PMID: 23956543 PMCID: PMC3740652 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.114352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 30% proanthocyanidin (PA) application on the immediate and long-term bond strength of simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives to dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty extracted human molar teeth were ground to expose the flat dentin surface. The teeth were equally divided into six groups according to the adhesives used, either Tetric N Bond or Solobond M and pretreatments given either none, CHX, or PA. Composite cylinder was bonded to each specimen using the respective adhesive technique. Half the samples from each group (n = 10) were then tested immediately. The remaining samples were tested after 6 month storage in distilled water. RESULTS The mean bond strength of samples was not significantly different upon immediate testing being in the range of 8.4(±0.7) MPa. The bond strength fell dramatically in the control specimens after 6 month storage to around 4.7(±0.33) MPa, while the bond strength was maintained in the samples treated with both CHX and PA. CONCLUSION Thirty percent PA was comparable to 2% CHX with respect to preservation of the resin dentin bond over 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Verma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Strategies to prevent hydrolytic degradation of the hybrid layer-A review. Dent Mater 2013; 29:999-1011. [PMID: 23953737 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endogenous dentin collagenolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins, are responsible for the time-dependent hydrolysis of collagen matrix of hybrid layers. As collagen matrix integrity is essential for the preservation of long-term dentin bond strength, inhibition of endogenous dentin proteases is necessary for durable resin-bonded restorations. METHODS Several tentative approaches to prevent enzyme function have been proposed. Some of them have already demonstrated clinical efficacy, while others need to be researched further before clinical protocols can be proposed. This review will examine both the principles and outcomes of techniques to prevent collagen hydrolysis in dentin-resin interfaces. RESULTS Chlorhexidine, a general inhibitor of MMPs and cysteine cathepsins, is the most tested method. In general, these experiments have shown that enzyme inhibition is a promising approach to improve hybrid layer preservation and bond strength durability. Other enzyme inhibitors, e.g. enzyme-inhibiting monomers, may be considered promising alternatives that would allow more simple clinical application than chlorhexidine. Cross-linking collagen and/or dentin matrix-bound enzymes could render hybrid layer organic matrices resistant to degradation. Alternatively, complete removal of water from the hybrid layer with ethanol wet bonding or biomimetic remineralization should eliminate hydrolysis of both collagen and resin components. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the function of the enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of hybrid layer collagen has prompted several innovative approaches to retain hybrid layer integrity and strong dentin bonding. The ultimate goal, prevention of collagen matrix degradation with clinically applicable techniques and commercially available materials may be achievable in several ways.
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Scheffel DLS, Hebling J, Scheffel RH, Agee K, Turco G, de Souza Costa CA, Pashley D. Inactivation of matrix-bound matrix metalloproteinases by cross-linking agents in acid-etched dentin. Oper Dent 2013; 39:152-8. [PMID: 23786610 DOI: 10.2341/12-425-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Published transmission electron microscopy analysis of in vitro resin-dentin bonds shows that, after 44 months, almost 70% of collagen fibrils from the hybrid layer disappear. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in that process and are thought to be the main factor responsible for the solubilization of dentin collagen. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the inactivation of matrix-bound MMPs by two different cross-linking agents, carbodiimide (EDC) or proanthocyanidin (PA), or the MMP-inhibitor, chlorhexidine (CHX), on acid-etched dentin using a simplified MMP assay method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin beams (2×1×6 mm) were obtained from mid-coronal dentin of sound third molars and randomly divided into six groups (G) according to the dentin treatment: G1: Deionized water (control); G2: 0.1 M EDC; G3: 0.5 M EDC; G4: 0.5 M EDC + 35% hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA); G5: 5% PA; and G6: 2% CHX. The beams were etched for 15 seconds with 37% phosphoric acid, rinsed, and then immersed for 60 seconds in one of the treatment solutions. The data were expressed both in absorbance values at 412 nm and in MMP-9 activity equivalents. The total MMP activity of dentin was analyzed for one hour by colorimetric assay (Sensolyte). Data were submitted to Wilcoxon nonparametric test and Mann-Whitney tests (p>0.05). RESULTS All experimental cross-linking solutions significantly reduced MMP activity from 79.8% to 95.2% when compared to the control group. No difference was observed among 0.1 M EDC (84.8%), 5% PA (87.6%), and 2% CHX (79.8%). Addition of 35% HEMA to 0.5 M EDC produced inactivation (95.2%) that was similar to that of 0.5 M EDC alone (92.7%). CONCLUSION Dentin treatment with cross-linking agents is effective to significantly reduce MMP activity. Mixing 0.5 M EDC and 35% HEMA did not influence EDC inhibitor potential.
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Stape THS, Menezes MDS, Barreto BDCF, Naves LZ, Aguiar FHB, Quagliatto PS, Martins LRM. Influence of chlorhexidine on dentin adhesive interface micromorphology and nanoleakage expression of resin cements. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:788-94. [PMID: 23737406 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on adhesive interface morphologic characterization and nanoleakage expression of resin cements bonded to human dentin pretreated with 1% chlorhexidine (CHX). Thirty-two non-carious human third molars were ground flat to expose superficial dentin. Resin composite blocks were luted to the exposed dentin using one conventional (RelyX ARC) and one self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U100), with/without CHX pretreatment. Four groups (n = 8) were obtained: control groups (ARC and U100); experimental groups (ARC/CHX and U100/CHX) were pretreated with 1% CHX prior to the luting process. After storage in water for 24 h, the bonded teeth were sectioned into 0.9 × 0.9 mm(2) sticks producing a minimum of 12 sticks per tooth. Four sticks from each tooth were prepared for hybrid layer evaluation by scanning electron microscope analysis. The remaining sticks were immersed in silver nitrate for 24 h for either nanoleakage evaluation along the bonded interfaces or after rupture. Nanoleakage samples were carbon coated and examined using backscattered electron mode. Well-established hybrid layers were observed in the groups luted with RelyX ARC. Nanoleakage evaluation revealed increase nanoleakage in groups treated with CHX for both resin cements. Group U100/CHX exhibited the most pronouncing nanoleakage expression along with porous zones adjacent to the CHX pretreated dentin. The results suggest a possible incompatibility between CHX and RelyX U100 that raises the concern that the use of CHX with self-adhesive cements may adversely affect resin-dentin bond.
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