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Valerius AR, Webb MJ, Hammad N, Sener U, Malani R. Cerebrospinal Fluid Liquid Biopsies in the Evaluation of Adult Gliomas. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:377-390. [PMID: 38488990 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to discuss recent research regarding the biomolecules explored in liquid biopsies and their potential clinical uses for adult-type diffuse gliomas. RECENT FINDINGS Evaluation of tumor biomolecules via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an emerging technology in neuro-oncology. Studies to date have already identified various circulating tumor DNA, extracellular vesicle, micro-messenger RNA and protein biomarkers of interest. These biomarkers show potential to assist in multiple avenues of central nervous system (CNS) tumor evaluation, including tumor differentiation and diagnosis, treatment selection, response assessment, detection of tumor progression, and prognosis. In addition, CSF liquid biopsies have the potential to better characterize tumor heterogeneity compared to conventional tissue collection and CNS imaging. Current imaging modalities are not sufficient to establish a definitive glioma diagnosis and repeated tissue sampling via conventional biopsy is risky, therefore, there is a great need to improve non-invasive and minimally invasive sampling methods. CSF liquid biopsies represent a promising, minimally invasive adjunct to current approaches which can provide diagnostic and prognostic information as well as aid in response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mason J Webb
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nouran Hammad
- Jordan University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ugur Sener
- Department of Neurology, Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rachna Malani
- University of UT - Huntsman Cancer Institute (Department of Neurosurgery), Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Tang W, Lo CWS, Ma W, Chu ATW, Tong AHY, Chung BHY. Revealing the role of SPP1 + macrophages in glioma prognosis and therapeutic targeting by investigating tumor-associated macrophage landscape in grade 2 and 3 gliomas. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:37. [PMID: 38515213 PMCID: PMC10956315 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is a highly heterogeneous brain tumor categorized into World Health Organization (WHO) grades 1-4 based on its malignancy. The suppressive immune microenvironment of glioma contributes significantly to unfavourable patient outcomes. However, the cellular composition and their complex interplays within the glioma environment remain poorly understood, and reliable prognostic markers remain elusive. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and identification of predictive markers are crucial for improving the clinical management of glioma patients. RESULTS Our analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data from glioma samples unveiled the immunosuppressive role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), mediated through intricate interactions with tumor cells and lymphocytes. We also discovered the heterogeneity within TAMs, among which a group of suppressive TAMs named TAM-SPP1 demonstrated a significant association with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) amplification, impaired T cell response and unfavourable patient survival outcomes. Furthermore, by leveraging genomic and transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, two distinct molecular subtypes with a different constitution of TAMs, EGFR status and clinical outcomes were identified. Exploiting the molecular differences between these two subtypes, we developed a four-gene-based prognostic model. This model displayed strong associations with an elevated level of suppressive TAMs and could be used to predict anti-tumor immune response and prognosis in glioma patients. CONCLUSION Our findings illuminated the molecular and cellular mechanisms that shape the immunosuppressive microenvironment in gliomas, providing novel insights into potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, the developed prognostic model holds promise for predicting immunotherapy response and assisting in more precise risk stratification for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Tang
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, 2/F, Building 20E, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cario W S Lo
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, 2/F, Building 20E, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, 2/F, Building 20E, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Annie T W Chu
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, 2/F, Building 20E, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy H Y Tong
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, 2/F, Building 20E, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, 2/F, Building 20E, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Nezhad Salari AM, Rasoulizadeh Z, Shabgah AG, Vakili-Ghartavol R, Sargazi G, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. Exploring the mechanisms of kaempferol in neuroprotection: Implications for neurological disorders. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3964. [PMID: 38439154 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Kaempferol, a flavonoid compound found in various fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, has garnered increasing attention due to its potential neuroprotective effects in neurological diseases. This research examines the existing literature concerning the involvement of kaempferol in neurological diseases, including stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, neuroblastoma/glioblastoma, spinal cord injury, neuropathic pain, and epilepsy. Numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations have illustrated that kaempferol possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties, contributing to its neuroprotective effects. Kaempferol has been shown to modulate key signaling pathways involved in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, such as the PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, kaempferol exhibits potential therapeutic benefits by enhancing neuronal survival, attenuating oxidative stress, enhancing mitochondrial calcium channel activity, reducing neuroinflammation, promoting neurogenesis, and improving cognitive function. The evidence suggests that kaempferol holds promise as a natural compound for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action, optimize dosage regimens, and evaluate the safety and efficacy of this intervention in human clinical trials, thereby contributing to the advancement of scientific knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Rasoulizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | | | - Roghayyeh Vakili-Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Sargazi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
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Nikolova E, Laleva L, Milev M, Spiriev T, Stoyanov S, Ferdinandov D, Mitev V, Todorova A. miRNAs and related genetic biomarkers according to the WHO glioma classification: From diagnosis to future therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:141-152. [PMID: 38035044 PMCID: PMC10686814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 2021 WHO classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, additional molecular characteristics have been included, defining the following adult-type diffuse glioma entities: Astrocytoma IDH-mutant, Oligodendroglioma IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted, and Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype. Despite advances in genetic analysis, precision oncology, and targeted therapy, malignant adult-type diffuse gliomas remain "hard-to-treat tumors", indicating an urgent need for better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the last decades, miRNA analysis has been a hotspot for researching and developing diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for various disorders, including brain cancer. Scientific interest has recently been directed towards therapeutic applications of miRNAs, with encouraging results. Databases such as NCBI, PubMed, and Medline were searched for a selection of articles reporting the relationship between deregulated miRNAs and genetic aberrations used in the latest WHO CNS classification. The current review discussed the recommended molecular biomarkers and genetic aberrations based on the 2021 WHO classification in adult-type diffuse gliomas, along with associated deregulated miRNAs. Additionally, the study highlights miRNA-based treatment advancements in adults with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliya Nikolova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Independent Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genome Center Bulgaria, Sofia, 1612, Bulgaria
| | - Lili Laleva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Milko Milev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Toma Spiriev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Stoycho Stoyanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Dilyan Ferdinandov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Vanyo Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Todorova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Independent Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genome Center Bulgaria, Sofia, 1612, Bulgaria
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Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Zeller SL, Spirollari E, Das M, Hanft SJ, Gandhi CD. Discrete Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathways, Stem Cells, and Therapeutic Targets. Cells 2024; 13:409. [PMID: 38474373 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions via its discrete binding partners to form two multiprotein complexes, mTOR complex 1 and 2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2). Rapamycin-sensitive mTORC1, which regulates protein synthesis and cell growth, is tightly controlled by PI3K/Akt and is nutrient-/growth factor-sensitive. In the brain, mTORC1 is also sensitive to neurotransmitter signaling. mTORC2, which is modulated by growth factor signaling, is associated with ribosomes and is insensitive to rapamycin. mTOR regulates stem cell and cancer stem cell characteristics. Aberrant Akt/mTOR activation is involved in multistep tumorigenesis in a variety of cancers, thereby suggesting that the inhibition of mTOR may have therapeutic potential. Rapamycin and its analogues, known as rapalogues, suppress mTOR activity through an allosteric mechanism that only suppresses mTORC1, albeit incompletely. ATP-catalytic binding site inhibitors are designed to inhibit both complexes. This review describes the regulation of mTOR and the targeting of its complexes in the treatment of cancers, such as glioblastoma, and their stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Sabrina L Zeller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Eris Spirollari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Mohan Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Simon J Hanft
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Chirag D Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Yuan M, Ding H, Guo B, Yang M, Yang Y, Xu XS. Image-Based Subtype Classification for Glioblastoma Using Deep Learning: Prognostic Significance and Biologic Relevance. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2024; 8:e2300154. [PMID: 38231003 DOI: 10.1200/cci.23.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To apply deep learning algorithms to histopathology images, construct image-based subtypes independent of known clinical and molecular classifications for glioblastoma, and produce novel insights into molecular and immune characteristics of the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using whole-slide hematoxylin and eosin images from 214 patients with glioblastoma in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a fine-tuned convolutional neural network model extracted deep learning features. Biclustering was used to identify subtypes and image feature modules. Prognostic value of image subtypes was assessed via Cox regression on survival outcomes and validated with 189 samples from the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) data set. Morphological, molecular, and immune characteristics of glioblastoma image subtypes were analyzed. RESULTS Four distinct subtypes and modules (imClust1-4) were identified for the TCGA patients with glioblastoma on the basis of the image feature data. The glioblastoma image subtypes were significantly associated with overall survival (OS; P = .028) and progression-free survival (P = .003). Apparent association was also observed for disease-specific survival (P = .096). imClust2 had the best prognosis for all three survival end points (eg, after 25 months, imClust2 had >7% surviving patients than the other subtypes). Examination of OS in the external validation using the unseen CPTAC data set showed consistent patterns. Multivariable Cox analyses confirmed that the image subtypes carry unique prognostic information independent of known clinical and molecular predictors. Molecular and immune profiling revealed distinct immune compositions of the tumor microenvironment in different image subtypes and may provide biologic explanations for the patterns in patients' outcomes. CONCLUSION Our image-based subtype classification on the basis of deep learning models is a novel tool to refine risk stratification in cancers. The image subtypes detected for glioblastoma represent a promising prognostic biomarker with distinct molecular and immune characteristics and may facilitate developing novel, individualized immunotherapies for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yuan
- Department of Health Data Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haolun Ding
- Department of Statistics and Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bangwei Guo
- School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Clinical Pathology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaning Yang
- Department of Statistics and Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Steven Xu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Science, Genmab Inc, Princeton, NJ
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Zarzuela L, Durán RV, Tomé M. Metabolism and signaling crosstalk in glioblastoma progression and therapy resistance. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 38105543 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor in adults and one of the most lethal human cancers, with high recurrence and therapy resistance. Glioblastoma cells display extensive genetic and cellular heterogeneity, which precludes a unique and common therapeutic approach. The standard of care in glioblastoma patients includes surgery followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant temozolomide. As in many other cancers, cell signaling is deeply affected due to mutations or alterations in the so-called molecular drivers. Moreover, glioblastoma cells undergo metabolic adaptations to meet the new demands in terms of energy and building blocks, with an increasing amount of evidence connecting metabolic transformation and cell signaling deregulation in this type of aggressive brain tumor. In this review, we summarize some of the most common alterations both in cell signaling and metabolism in glioblastoma, presenting an integrative discussion about how they contribute to therapy resistance. Furthermore, this review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art of therapeutic approaches and clinical trials exploiting signaling and metabolism in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zarzuela
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa - CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Raúl V Durán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa - CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Tomé
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa - CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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Tsutsumi K, Nohara A, Tanaka T, Murano M, Miyagaki Y, Ohta Y. FilGAP regulates tumor growth in Glioma through the regulation of mTORC1 and mTORC2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20956. [PMID: 38065968 PMCID: PMC10709582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that forms the two different protein complexes, known as mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTOR signaling is activated in a variety of tumors, including glioma that is one of the malignant brain tumors. FilGAP (ARHGAP24) is a negative regulator of Rac, a member of Rho family small GTPases. In this study, we found that FilGAP interacts with mTORC1/2 and is involved in tumor formation in glioma. FilGAP interacted with mTORC1 via Raptor and with mTORC2 via Rictor and Sin1. Depletion of FilGAP in KINGS-1 glioma cells decreased phosphorylation of S6K and AKT. Furthermore, overexpression of FilGAP increased phosphorylation of S6K and AKT, suggesting that FilGAP activates mTORC1/2. U-87MG, glioblastoma cells, showed higher mTOR activity than KINGS-1, and phosphorylation of S6K and AKT was not affected by suppression of FilGAP expression. However, in the presence of PI3K inhibitors, phosphorylation of S6K and AKT was also decreased in U-87MG by depletion of FilGAP, suggesting that FilGAP may also regulate mTORC2 in U-87MG. Finally, we showed that depletion of FilGAP in KINGS-1 and U-87MG cells significantly reduced spheroid growth. These results suggest that FilGAP may contribute to tumor growth in glioma by regulating mTORC1/2 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tsutsumi
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Minami-Ku, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Nohara
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Minami-Ku, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Taiki Tanaka
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Minami-Ku, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Moe Murano
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Minami-Ku, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yurina Miyagaki
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Minami-Ku, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Ohta
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Minami-Ku, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
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Mohammed S, Kurtek S, Bharath K, Rao A, Baladandayuthapani V. Tumor radiogenomics in gliomas with Bayesian layered variable selection. Med Image Anal 2023; 90:102964. [PMID: 37797481 PMCID: PMC10653647 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2023.102964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a statistical framework to analyze radiological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genomic data to identify the underlying radiogenomic associations in lower grade gliomas (LGG). We devise a novel imaging phenotype by dividing the tumor region into concentric spherical layers that mimics the tumor evolution process. MRI data within each layer is represented by voxel-intensity-based probability density functions which capture the complete information about tumor heterogeneity. Under a Riemannian-geometric framework these densities are mapped to a vector of principal component scores which act as imaging phenotypes. Subsequently, we build Bayesian variable selection models for each layer with the imaging phenotypes as the response and the genomic markers as predictors. Our novel hierarchical prior formulation incorporates the interior-to-exterior structure of the layers, and the correlation between the genomic markers. We employ a computationally-efficient Expectation-Maximization-based strategy for estimation. Simulation studies demonstrate the superior performance of our approach compared to other approaches. With a focus on the cancer driver genes in LGG, we discuss some biologically relevant findings. Genes implicated with survival and oncogenesis are identified as being associated with the spherical layers, which could potentially serve as early-stage diagnostic markers for disease monitoring, prior to routine invasive approaches. We provide a R package that can be used to deploy our framework to identify radiogenomic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Mohammed
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, United States; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Sebastian Kurtek
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, 1958 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Karthik Bharath
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, United States; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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Trevisi G, Mangiola A. Current Knowledge about the Peritumoral Microenvironment in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5460. [PMID: 38001721 PMCID: PMC10670229 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a deadly disease, with a mean overall survival of less than 2 years from diagnosis. Recurrence after gross total surgical resection and adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy almost invariably occurs within the so-called peritumoral brain zone (PBZ). The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the most relevant findings about the biological characteristics of the PBZ currently available in the medical literature. The PBZ presents several peculiar biological characteristics. The cellular landscape of this area is different from that of healthy brain tissue and is characterized by a mixture of cell types, including tumor cells (seen in about 30% of cases), angiogenesis-related endothelial cells, reactive astrocytes, glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) with anti-inflammatory polarization, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with an "exhausted" phenotype, and glioma-associated stromal cells (GASCs). From a genomic and transcriptomic point of view, compared with the tumor core and healthy brain tissue, the PBZ presents a "half-way" pattern with upregulation of genes related to angiogenesis, the extracellular matrix, and cellular senescence and with stemness features and downregulation in tumor suppressor genes. This review illustrates that the PBZ is a transition zone with a pre-malignant microenvironment that constitutes the base for GBM progression/recurrence. Understanding of the PBZ could be relevant to developing more effective treatments to prevent GBM development and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Trevisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Neurosurgical Unit, Ospedale Spirito Santo, 65122 Pescara, Italy
| | - Annunziato Mangiola
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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Wang H, Yan L, Liu L, Lu X, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Chen M, Cai L, Dai Z. A pyroptosis gene-based prognostic model for predicting survival in low-grade glioma. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16412. [PMID: 38025749 PMCID: PMC10652862 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis, a lytic form of programmed cell death initiated by inflammasomes, has been reported to be closely associated with tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. However, the roles of pyroptosis genes (PGs) in low-grade glioma (LGG) remain unclear. Methods We obtained information for 1,681 samples, including the mRNA expression profiles of LGGs and normal brain tissues and the relevant corresponding clinical information from two public datasets, TCGA and GTEx, and identified 45 differentially expressed pyroptosis genes (DEPGs). Among these DEPGs, nine hub pyroptosis genes (HPGs) were identified and used to construct a genetic risk scoring model. A total of 476 patients, selected as the training group, were divided into low-risk and high-risk groups according to the risk score. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves verified the accuracy of the model, and a nomogram combining the risk score and clinicopathological characteristics was used to predict the overall survival (OS) of LGG patients. In addition, a cohort from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was selected as a validation group to verify the stability of the model. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the gene expression levels of nine HPGs in paracancerous and tumor tissues from 10 LGG patients. Results Survival analysis showed that, compared with patients in the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis. A risk score model combining PG expression levels with clinical features was considered an independent risk factor. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that immune-related genes were enriched among the DEPGs and that immune activity was increased in the high-risk group. Conclusion In summary, we successfully constructed a model to predict the prognosis of LGG patients, which will help to promote individualized treatment and provide potential new targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixiao Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianghe Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang’an Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Harris C, Joruiz S, Von Muhlinen N, Horikawa I, Gilbert M. Distinct functions of wild-type and R273H mutant Δ133p53α differentially regulate glioblastoma aggressiveness and therapy-induced senescence. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3370608. [PMID: 37986881 PMCID: PMC10659536 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3370608/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Mutations effects on p53 isoforms' activities remain largely unknown, although they are mutated in 92% of TP53 mutant cancers. Therefore, exploring the effect of mutations on p53 isoforms activities is a critical, albeit unexplored area in the p53 field. In this article, we report for the first time a mutant Δ133p53α-specific pathway which increases IL4I1 and IDO1 expression and activates AHR, a tumor-promoting mechanism. Accordingly, mutant Δ133p53α R273H increases glioblastoma cancer cells proliferation and invasion while the WT does not. Furthermore, while WT Δ133p53α reduces apoptosis to promote DNA repair, the mutant also reduces apoptosis but fails to maintain genomic stability.Furthermore, both WT and mutant Δ133p53α reduce cellular senescence in a senescence inducer-dependent manner (temozolomide or radiation) because they regulate different senescence-associated target genes. Hence, WT Δ133p53α rescues temozolomide-induced but not radiation-induced senescence, while mutant Δ133p53α R273H rescues radiation-induced but not temozolomide-induced senescence. Lastly, using TCGA data, we determined that IL4I1, IDO1 and AHR are significantly higher in GBMs compared to LGGs. IL4I1 expression is increased in mutant TP53 LGGs and GBMs, although only significantly in LGG. Importantly, high expression of all three genes in LGG and IL4I1 in GBM is significantly associated with poorer patients' survival. These data show that, compared to WT Δ133p53α, R273H mutation reorientates its activities toward carcinogenesis and activates the oncogenic IL4I1/IDO1/AHR pathway, a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in GBM by combining drugs specifically modulating Δ133p53α expression and IDO1/Il4I1/AHR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark Gilbert
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
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13
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Jeong H, Moon HE, Yun S, Cho SW, Park HR, Park SH, Myung K, Kwon T, Paek SH. Enrichment of Deleterious Mutated Genes Involved in Ciliary Function and Histone Modification in Brain Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Models. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2934. [PMID: 38001935 PMCID: PMC10669283 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, which can retain the characteristics of original tumors in an in vivo-mimicking environment, have been developed to identify better treatment options. However, although original tumors and xenograft tissues mostly share oncogenic mutations and global gene expression patterns, their detailed mutation profiles occasionally do not overlap, indicating that selection occurs in the xenograft environment. To understand this mutational alteration in xenografts, we established 13 PDX models derived from 11 brain tumor patients and confirmed their histopathological similarity. Surprisingly, only a limited number of somatic mutations were shared between the original tumor and xenograft tissue. By analyzing deleteriously mutated genes in tumors and xenografts, we found that previously reported brain tumor-related genes were enriched in PDX samples, demonstrating that xenografts are a valuable platform for studying brain tumors. Furthermore, mutated genes involved in cilium movement, microtubule depolymerization, and histone methylation were enriched in PDX samples compared with the original tumors. Even with the limitations of the heterogeneity of clinical lesions with a heterotropic model, our study demonstrates that PDX models can provide more information in genetic analysis using samples with high heterogeneity, such as brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongsun Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hypoxia/Ischemia Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity (CGI), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hypoxia/Ischemia Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
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14
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Caruso G, Nanni A, Curcio A, Lombardi G, Somma T, Minutoli L, Caffo M. Impact of Heavy Metals on Glioma Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15432. [PMID: 37895109 PMCID: PMC10607278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, an increase in the incidence of brain tumors has been observed in the most industrialized countries. This event triggered considerable interest in the study of heavy metals and their presence in the environment (air, water, soil, and food). It is probable that their accumulation in the body could lead to a high risk of the onset of numerous pathologies, including brain tumors, in humans. Heavy metals are capable of generating reactive oxygen, which plays a key role in various pathological mechanisms. Alteration of the homeostasis of heavy metals could cause the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and induce DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and the alteration of proteins. A large number of studies have shown that iron, cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, and mercury levels were significantly elevated in patients affected by gliomas. In this study, we try to highlight a possible correlation between the most frequently encountered heavy metals, their presence in the environment, their sources, and glioma tumorigenesis. We also report on the review of the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.N.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Aristide Nanni
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.N.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonello Curcio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.N.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Lombardi
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Teresa Somma
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Caffo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Unit of Neurosurgery, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.N.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
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Nahar Metu CL, Sutihar SK, Sohel M, Zohora F, Hasan A, Miah MT, Rani Kar T, Hossain MA, Rahman MH. Unraveling the signaling mechanism behind astrocytoma and possible therapeutics strategies: A comprehensive review. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1889. [PMID: 37675821 PMCID: PMC10598261 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A form of cancer called astrocytoma can develop in the brain or spinal cord and sometimes causes death. A detailed overview of the precise signaling cascade underlying astrocytoma formation has not yet been revealed, although various factors have been investigated. Therefore, our objective was to unravel and summarize our current understanding of molecular genetics and associated signaling pathways with some possible therapeutic strategies for astrocytoma. RECENT FINDINGS In general, four different forms of astrocytoma have been identified in individuals, including circumscribed, diffuse, anaplastic, and multiforme glioblastoma, according to a recent literature review. All types of astrocytoma have a direct connection with some oncogenic signaling cascade. Common signaling is MAPK cascade, including Ras-Raf-ERK, up-regulated with activating EGFR/AKT/PTEN/mTOR and PDGFR. Recent breakthrough studies found that BRAF mutations, including KIAA1549: BRAF and BRAF V600E are responsible for astrocytoma progression. Additionally, cancer progression is influenced by mutations in some tumor suppressor genes, such as the Tp53/ATRX and MGMT mutant. As synthetic medications must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), modulating signal systems such as miRNA is the primary option for treating patients with astrocytoma. However, available surgery, radiation therapy, and experimental therapies such as adjuvant therapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, and EGFR-targeting antibody drug are the usual treatment for most types of astrocytoma. Similar to conventional anticancer medications, some phytochemicals slow tumor growth by simultaneously controlling several cellular proteins, including those involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, metastatic spread, tyrosine kinase, growth factor receptor, and antioxidant-related proteins. CONCLUSION In conclusion, cellular and molecular signaling is directly associated with the development of astrocytoma, and a combination of conventional and alternative therapies can improve the malignancy of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chowdhury Lutfun Nahar Metu
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology UniversityGopalganjBangladesh
| | - Sunita Kumari Sutihar
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology UniversityGopalganjBangladesh
| | - Md Sohel
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyPrimeasia UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Fatematuz Zohora
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of DhakaDhakaBangladesh
| | - Akayed Hasan
- Department of PharmacyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
| | - Md. Thandu Miah
- Department of PharmacyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
| | - Tanu Rani Kar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyPrimeasia UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Arju Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringIslamic UniversityKushtiaBangladesh
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16
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Yoon BH, Park JS, Kang S, Kwon NJ, Lee KS, Kim CY, Choe G. IDH-wildtype secondary glioblastoma arising in IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytoma: a case report. Br J Neurosurg 2023; 37:1233-1236. [PMID: 33095064 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1837733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary glioblastoma develops de novo without clinical or histological evidence of a low-grade precursor lesion, whereas secondary glioblastoma develops from a low-grade glioma. The present report describes an extraordinary case of IDH-wildtype secondary glioblastoma arising in IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytoma. A 31-year-old female had a surgical history of IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytoma on the left frontal lobe six years before. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed new infiltrative lesions in the left frontal lobe adjacent to the previous lesion. The patient underwent tumourectomy, and the new infiltrative lesion was diagnosed as glioblastoma. Interestingly, the IDH-1 (p.Arg132His) mutation was found in diffuse astrocytoma but not in glioblastoma based on next generation sequencing. ATRX (p.Gln1670Ter) and TP53 (p.His193Arg) mutations were found in both lesions. Additionally, the PTEN (p.His296Pro) mutation was identified only in glioblastoma. A well-accepted hypothesis is that the IDH mutation initiates in glial progenitor cells and causes secondary glioblastoma harboring the IDH mutation to develop from low grade glioma with IDH mutation. However, this case showed that the other genetic mutations can be initiated before the IDH mutation in glioma oncogenesis. Contrary to the previous hypothesis, this is the first case of IDH-wildtype secondary glioblastoma arising in IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byul-Hee Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Sang Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sewoori Hospital Joint & Spine Center, Serogu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Kyu Sang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheeyoung Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Dadey DYA, Medress ZA, Sharma M, Ugiliweneza B, Wang D, Rodrigues A, Parker J, Burton E, Williams B, Han SS, Boakye M, Skirboll S. Risk of developing glioblastoma following non-CNS primary cancer: a SEER analysis between 2000 and 2018. J Neurooncol 2023; 164:655-662. [PMID: 37792220 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with a prior malignancy are at elevated risk of developing subsequent primary malignancies (SPMs). However, the risk of developing subsequent primary glioblastoma (SPGBM) in patients with a prior cancer history is poorly understood. METHODS We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and identified patients diagnosed with non-CNS malignancy between 2000 and 2018. We calculated a modified standardized incidence ratio (M-SIR), defined as the ratio of the incidence of SPGBM among patients with initial non-CNS malignancy to the incidence of GBM in the general population, stratified by sex latency, and initial tumor location. RESULTS Of the 5,326,172 patients diagnosed with a primary non-CNS malignancy, 3559 patients developed SPGBM (0.07%). Among patients with SPGBM, 2312 (65.0%) were men, compared to 2,706,933 (50.8%) men in the total primary non-CNS malignancy cohort. The median age at diagnosis of SPGBM was 65 years. The mean latency between a prior non-CNS malignancy and developing a SPGBM was 67.3 months (interquartile range [IQR] 27-100). Overall, patients with a primary non-CNS malignancy had a significantly elevated M-SIR (1.13, 95% CI 1.09-1.16), with a 13% increased incidence of SPGBM when compared to the incidence of developing GBM in the age-matched general population. When stratified by non-CNS tumor location, patients diagnosed with primary melanoma, lymphoma, prostate, breast, renal, or endocrine malignancies had a higher M-SIR (M-SIR ranges: 1.09-2.15). Patients with lung cancers (M-SIR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68-0.99), or stomach cancers (M-SIR 0.47, 95% CI 0.24-0.82) demonstrated a lower M-SIR. CONCLUSION Patients with a history of prior non-CNS malignancy are at an overall increased risk of developing SPGBM relative to the incidence of developing GBM in the general population. However, the incidence of SPGBM after prior non-CNS malignancy varies by primary tumor location, with some non-CNS malignancies demonstrating either increased or decreased predisposition for SPGBM depending on tumor origin. These findings merit future investigation into whether these relationships represent treatment effects or a previously unknown shared predisposition for glioblastoma and non-CNS malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y A Dadey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94301, USA.
| | - Zachary A Medress
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Mayur Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Beatrice Ugiliweneza
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Dengzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Adrian Rodrigues
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jonathon Parker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Eric Burton
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brian Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Summer S Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Maxwell Boakye
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Stephen Skirboll
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94301, USA
- Department of Surgery, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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18
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Erdogan O, Özkaya ŞÇ, Erzik C, Bilguvar K, Arga KY, Bayraklı F. Toward Precision Oncology in Glioblastoma with a Personalized Cancer Genome Reporting Tool and Genetic Changes Identified by Whole Exome Sequencing. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2023; 27:426-433. [PMID: 37669106 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Precision/personalized medicine in oncology has two key pillars: molecular profiling of the tumors and personalized reporting of the results in ways that are clinically contextualized and triangulated. Moreover, neurosurgery as a field stands to benefit from precision/personalized medicine and new tools for reporting of the molecular findings. In this context, glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Precision/personalized medicine has emerged as a promising approach for personalized therapy in GBM. In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing of tumor tissue samples from six newly diagnosed GBM patients and matched nontumor control samples. We report here the genetic alterations identified in the tumors, including single nucleotide variations, insertions or deletions (indels), and copy number variations, and attendant mutational signatures. Additionally, using a personalized cancer genome-reporting tool, we linked genomic information to potential therapeutic targets and treatment options for each patient. Our findings revealed heterogeneity in genetic alterations and identified targetable pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This study demonstrates the prospects of precision/personalized medicine in GBM specifically, and neurosurgical oncology more generally, including the potential for genomic profiling coupled with personalized cancer genome reporting. Further research and larger studies are warranted to validate these findings and advance the treatment options and outcomes for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Erdogan
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Çolakoğlu Özkaya
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Erzik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Genetics, Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kazım Yalçın Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Bayraklı
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Chojak R, Fares J, Petrosyan E, Lesniak MS. Cellular senescence in glioma. J Neurooncol 2023; 164:11-29. [PMID: 37458855 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and is often associated with treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Standard treatment typically involves radiotherapy and temozolomide-based chemotherapy, both of which induce cellular senescence-a tumor suppression mechanism. DISCUSSION Gliomas employ various mechanisms to bypass or escape senescence and remain in a proliferative state. Importantly, senescent cells remain viable and secrete a large number of factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that, paradoxically, also have pro-tumorigenic effects. Furthermore, senescent cells may represent one form of tumor dormancy and play a role in glioma recurrence and progression. CONCLUSION In this article, we delineate an overview of senescence in the context of gliomas, including the mechanisms that lead to senescence induction, bypass, and escape. Furthermore, we examine the role of senescent cells in the tumor microenvironment and their role in tumor progression and recurrence. Additionally, we highlight potential therapeutic opportunities for targeting senescence in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Chojak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edgar Petrosyan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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20
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Ingraham CH, Stalinska J, Carson SC, Colley SB, Rak M, Lassak A, Peruzzi F, Reiss K, Jursic BS. Computational modeling and synthesis of pyridine variants of benzoyl-phenoxy-acetamide with high glioblastoma cytotoxicity and brain tumor penetration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12236. [PMID: 37507404 PMCID: PMC10382599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly aggressive brain tumors for which therapeutic options are very limited. In a quest for new anti-glioblastoma drugs, we focused on specific structural modifications to the benzoyl-phenoxy-acetamide (BPA) structure present in a common lipid-lowering drug, fenofibrate, and in our first prototype glioblastoma drug, PP1. Here, we propose extensive computational analyses to improve the selection of the most effective glioblastoma drug candidates. Initially, over 100 structural BPA variations were analyzed and their physicochemical properties, such as water solubility (- logS), calculated partition coefficient (ClogP), probability for BBB crossing (BBB_SCORE), probability for CNS penetration (CNS-MPO) and calculated cardiotoxicity (hERG), were evaluated. This integrated approach allowed us to select pyridine variants of BPA that show improved BBB penetration, water solubility, and low cardiotoxicity. Herein the top 24 compounds were synthesized and analyzed in cell culture. Six of them demonstrated glioblastoma toxicity with IC50 ranging from 0.59 to 3.24 µM. Importantly, one of the compounds, HR68, accumulated in the brain tumor tissue at 3.7 ± 0.5 µM, which exceeds its glioblastoma IC50 (1.17 µM) by over threefold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Ingraham
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- WayPath Pharma, New Orleans BioInnovation Center (NOBIC), 1441 Canal Str., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Joanna Stalinska
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Sean C Carson
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
| | - Susan B Colley
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Grants and Development Office, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Monika Rak
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Adam Lassak
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- WayPath Pharma, New Orleans BioInnovation Center (NOBIC), 1441 Canal Str., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Branko S Jursic
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA.
- Stepharm LLC., PO Box 24220, New Orleans, LA, 70184, USA.
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Mut M, Adiguzel Z, Cakir-Aktas C, Hanalioğlu Ş, Gungor-Topcu G, Kiyga E, Isikay I, Sarac A, Soylemezoglu F, Strobel T, Ampudia-Mesias E, Cameron C, Aslan T, Tekirdas E, Hayran M, Oguz KK, Henzler C, Saydam N, Saydam O. Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Cancer Panels Diagnose Glioblastomas with High Sensitivity and Specificity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3782. [PMID: 37568598 PMCID: PMC10417317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most devastating neoplasms of the central nervous system. This study focused on the development of serum extracellular vesicle (EV)-based glioblastoma tumor marker panels that can be used in a clinic to diagnose glioblastomas and to monitor tumor burden, progression, and regression in response to treatment. RNA sequencing studies were performed using RNA isolated from serum EVs from both patients (n = 85) and control donors (n = 31). RNA sequencing results for preoperative glioblastoma EVs compared to control EVs revealed 569 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 2XFC, FDR < 0.05). By using these DEGs, we developed serum-EV-based biomarker panels for the following glioblastomas: wild-type IDH1 (96% sensitivity/80% specificity), MGMT promoter methylation (91% sensitivity/73% specificity), p53 gene mutation (100% sensitivity/89% specificity), and TERT promoter mutation (89% sensitivity/100% specificity). This is the first study showing that serum-EV-based biomarker panels can be used to diagnose glioblastomas with a high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Mut
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (Ş.H.); (I.I.); (T.A.); (E.T.)
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey;
| | - Zelal Adiguzel
- TUBİTAK, GEBI, Gebze, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey; (Z.A.); (G.G.-T.); (E.K.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine KUTTAM, Koç University, Davutpaşa Street No. 4 Topkapi, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Canan Cakir-Aktas
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey;
| | - Şahin Hanalioğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (Ş.H.); (I.I.); (T.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Gamze Gungor-Topcu
- TUBİTAK, GEBI, Gebze, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey; (Z.A.); (G.G.-T.); (E.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Ezgi Kiyga
- TUBİTAK, GEBI, Gebze, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey; (Z.A.); (G.G.-T.); (E.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Ilkay Isikay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (Ş.H.); (I.I.); (T.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Aydan Sarac
- TUBİTAK, GEBI, Gebze, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey; (Z.A.); (G.G.-T.); (E.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Figen Soylemezoglu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey;
| | - Thomas Strobel
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Elisabet Ampudia-Mesias
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Charles Cameron
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Tulay Aslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (Ş.H.); (I.I.); (T.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Eray Tekirdas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey; (Ş.H.); (I.I.); (T.A.); (E.T.)
| | - Mutlu Hayran
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey;
| | - Kader Karli Oguz
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey;
| | - Christine Henzler
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | | | - Okay Saydam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (E.A.-M.); (C.C.)
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22
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Rodriguez SMB, Kamel A, Ciubotaru GV, Onose G, Sevastre AS, Sfredel V, Danoiu S, Dricu A, Tataranu LG. An Overview of EGFR Mechanisms and Their Implications in Targeted Therapies for Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11110. [PMID: 37446288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all of the progress in understanding its molecular biology and pathogenesis, glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive types of cancers, and without an efficient treatment modality at the moment, it remains largely incurable. Nowadays, one of the most frequently studied molecules with important implications in the pathogenesis of the classical subtype of GBM is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Although many clinical trials aiming to study EGFR targeted therapies have been performed, none of them have reported promising clinical results when used in glioma patients. The resistance of GBM to these therapies was proven to be both acquired and innate, and it seems to be influenced by a cumulus of factors such as ineffective blood-brain barrier penetration, mutations, heterogeneity and compensatory signaling pathways. Recently, it was shown that EGFR possesses kinase-independent (KID) pro-survival functions in cancer cells. It seems imperative to understand how the EGFR signaling pathways function and how they interconnect with other pathways. Furthermore, it is important to identify the mechanisms of drug resistance and to develop better tailored therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mara Baez Rodriguez
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amira Kamel
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Vasile Ciubotaru
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gelu Onose
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ani-Simona Sevastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Veronica Sfredel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Str. Petru Rares nr. 2-4, 710204 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", Soseaua Berceni 12, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020022 Bucharest, Romania
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23
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Boylan J, Byers E, Kelly DF. The Glioblastoma Landscape: Hallmarks of Disease, Therapeutic Resistance, and Treatment Opportunities. MEDICAL RESEARCH ARCHIVES 2023; 11:10.18103/mra.v11i6.3994. [PMID: 38107346 PMCID: PMC10723753 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i6.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are aggressive and difficult to treat. Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal form of primary brain tumor, often found in patients with no genetic predisposition. The median life expectancy for individuals diagnosed with this condition is 6 months to 2 years and there is no known cure. New paradigms in cancer biology implicate a small subset of tumor cells in initiating and sustaining these incurable brain tumors. Here, we discuss the heterogenous nature of glioblastoma and theories behind its capacity for therapy resistance and recurrence. Within the cancer landscape, cancer stem cells are thought to be both tumor initiators and major contributors to tumor heterogeneity and therapy evasion and such cells have been identified in glioblastoma. At the cellular level, disruptions in the delicate balance between differentiation and self-renewal spur transformation and support tumor growth. While rapidly dividing cells are more sensitive to elimination by traditional treatments, glioblastoma stem cells evade these measures through slow division and reversible exit from the cell cycle. At the molecular level, glioblastoma tumor cells exploit several signaling pathways to evade conventional therapies through improved DNA repair mechanisms and a flexible state of senescence. We examine these common evasion techniques while discussing potential molecular approaches to better target these deadly tumors. Equally important, the presented information encourages the idea of augmenting conventional treatments with novel glioblastoma stem cell-directed therapies, as eliminating these harmful progenitors holds great potential to modulate tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Boylan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Elizabeth Byers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Deborah F. Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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24
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Das S, Dash BS, Premji TP, Chen JP. Immunotherapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Mechanism and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10546. [PMID: 37445721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most aggressive types of primary brain tumor with a high-grade glioma known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Patients diagnosed with GBM usually have an overall survival rate of less than 18 months after conventional therapy. This bleak prognosis underlines the need to consider new therapeutic interventions for GBM treatment to overcome current treatment limitations. By highlighting different immunotherapeutic approaches currently in preclinical and clinical trials, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptors T cells, natural killer cells, vaccines, and combination therapy, this review aims to discuss the mechanisms, benefits, and limitations of immunotherapy in treating GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprava Das
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Banendu Sunder Dash
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Thejas P Premji
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
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25
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Hao X, Bahia RK, Cseh O, Bozek DA, Blake S, Rinnenthal J, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Rudolph D, Artee Luchman H. BI-907828, a novel potent MDM2 inhibitor, inhibits glioblastoma brain tumor stem cells in vitro and prolongs survival in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:913-926. [PMID: 36521007 PMCID: PMC10158121 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor suppressor TP53 (p53) is frequently mutated, and its downstream effectors inactivated in many cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). In tumors with wild-type status, p53 function is frequently attenuated by alternate mechanisms including amplification and overexpression of its key negative regulator, MDM2. We investigated the efficacy of the MDM2 inhibitor, BI-907828, in GBM patient-derived brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) with different amplification statuses of MDM2, in vitro and in orthotopic xenograft models. METHODS In vitro growth inhibition and on-target efficacy of BI-907828 were assessed by cell viability, co-immunoprecipitation assays, and western blotting. In vivo efficacy of BI-907828 treatments was assessed with qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and in intracranial xenograft models. RESULTS BI-907828 decreases viability and induces cell death at picomolar concentrations in both MDM2 amplified and normal copy number TP53 wild-type BTSC lines. Restoration of p53 activity, including robust p21 expression and apoptosis induction, was observed in TP53 wild-type but not in TP53 mutant BTSCs. shRNA-mediated knock-down of TP53 in wild-type BTSCs abrogated the effect of BI-907828, confirming the specificity of the inhibitor. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies in orthotopic tumor-bearing severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice demonstrated that a single 50 mg/kg p.o. dose of BI-907828 resulted in strong activation of p53 target genes p21 and MIC1. Long-term weekly or bi-weekly treatment with BI-907828 in orthotopic BTSC xenograft models was well-tolerated and improved survival both as a single-agent and in combination with temozolomide, with dose-dependent efficacy observed in the MDM2 amplified model. CONCLUSIONS BI-907828 provides a promising new therapeutic option for patients with TP53 wild-type primary brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Hao
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ravinder K Bahia
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Orsolya Cseh
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Danielle A Bozek
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sophia Blake
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - H Artee Luchman
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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26
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Chantaravisoot N, Wongkongkathep P, Kalpongnukul N, Pacharakullanon N, Kaewsapsak P, Ariyachet C, Loo JA, Tamanoi F, Pisitkun T. mTORC2 interactome and localization determine aggressiveness of high-grade glioma cells through association with gelsolin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7037. [PMID: 37120454 PMCID: PMC10148843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) has been implicated as a key regulator of glioblastoma cell migration. However, the roles of mTORC2 in the migrational control process have not been entirely elucidated. Here, we elaborate that active mTORC2 is crucial for GBM cell motility. Inhibition of mTORC2 impaired cell movement and negatively affected microfilament and microtubule functions. We also aimed to characterize important players involved in the regulation of cell migration and other mTORC2-mediated cellular processes in GBM cells. Therefore, we quantitatively characterized the alteration of the mTORC2 interactome under selective conditions using affinity purification-mass spectrometry in glioblastoma. We demonstrated that changes in cell migration ability specifically altered mTORC2-associated proteins. GSN was identified as one of the most dynamic proteins. The mTORC2-GSN linkage was mostly highlighted in high-grade glioma cells, connecting functional mTORC2 to multiple proteins responsible for directional cell movement in GBM. Loss of GSN disconnected mTORC2 from numerous cytoskeletal proteins and affected the membrane localization of mTORC2. In addition, we reported 86 stable mTORC2-interacting proteins involved in diverse molecular functions, predominantly cytoskeletal remodeling, in GBM. Our findings might help expand future opportunities for predicting the highly migratory phenotype of brain cancers in clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naphat Chantaravisoot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Piriya Wongkongkathep
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuttiya Kalpongnukul
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Narawit Pacharakullanon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Kaewsapsak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chaiyaboot Ariyachet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA/DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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27
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Iv CI, Stalinska J, Carson S, Colley S, Rak M, Lassak A, Reiss K, Jursic B. Computational modeling and synthesis of Pyridine variants of Benzoyl-Phenoxy-Acetamide with high glioblastoma cytotoxicity and brain tumor penetration. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2773503. [PMID: 37131829 PMCID: PMC10153368 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2773503/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly aggressive brain tumors for which therapeutic options are very limited. In a quest for new anti-glioblastoma drugs, we focused on specific structural modifications of benzoyl-phenoxy-acetamide (BPA) present in a common lipid-lowering drug, fenofibrate, and in our first prototype glioblastoma drug, PP1. Here, we propose extensive computational analyses to improve selection of the most effective glioblastoma drug candidates. Initially over 100 structural BPA variations were analyzed and their physicochemical properties such as water solubility (-logS), calculated partition coefficient (ClogP), probability for BBB crossing (BBB_SCORE), probability for CNS penetration (CNS-MPO) and calculated cardiotoxicity (hERG), were evaluated. This integrated approach allowed us to select pyridine variants of BPA that show improved BBB penetration, water solubility, and low cardiotoxicity. Herein the top 24 compounds were synthesized and analyzed in cell culture. Six of them demonstrated glioblastoma toxicity with IC50 ranging from 0.59 to 3.24mM. Importantly, one of the compounds, HR68, accumulated in the brain tumor tissue at 3.7+/-0.5mM, which exceeds its glioblastoma IC50 (1.17mM) by over 3-fold.
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28
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Eatmann AI, Hamouda E, Hamouda H, Farouk HK, Jobran AWM, Omar AA, Madeeh AK, Al-Dardery NM, Elnoamany S, Abd-Elnasser EG, Koraiem AM, Ahmed AA, Abouzid M, Karaźniewicz-Łada M. Potential Use of Thalidomide in Glioblastoma Treatment: An Updated Brief Overview. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040543. [PMID: 37110201 PMCID: PMC10146416 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Thalidomide is a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor that demonstrates antiangiogenic activity, and may provide additive or synergistic anti-tumor effects when co-administered with other antiangiogenic medications. This study is a comprehensive review that highlights the potential benefits of using thalidomide, in combination with other medications, to treat glioblastoma and its associated inflammatory conditions. Additionally, the review examines the mechanism of action of thalidomide in different types of tumors, which may be beneficial in treating glioblastoma. To our knowledge, a similar study has not been conducted. We found that thalidomide, when used in combination with other medications, has been shown to produce better outcomes in several conditions or symptoms, such as myelodysplastic syndromes, multiple myeloma, Crohn's disease, colorectal cancer, renal failure carcinoma, breast cancer, glioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, challenges may persist for newly diagnosed or previously treated patients, with moderate side effects being reported, particularly with the various mechanisms of action observed for thalidomide. Therefore, thalidomide, used alone, may not receive significant attention for use in treating glioblastoma in the future. Conducting further research by replicating current studies that show improved outcomes when thalidomide is combined with other medications, using larger sample sizes, different demographic groups and ethnicities, and implementing enhanced therapeutic protocol management, may benefit these patients. A meta-analysis of the combinations of thalidomide with other medications in treating glioblastoma is also needed to investigate its potential benefits further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismail Eatmann
- Department of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
| | - Esraa Hamouda
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia P.O. Box 5744, Egypt
| | - Heba Hamouda
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia P.O. Box 5744, Egypt
| | | | - Afnan W M Jobran
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 51000, Palestine
| | - Abdallah A Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services and Sciences, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo 11617, Egypt
| | | | | | - Salma Elnoamany
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia P.O. Box 5744, Egypt
| | | | | | - Alhassan Ali Ahmed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mohamed Abouzid
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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29
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Xu SM, Xiao HY, Hu ZX, Zhong XF, Zeng YJ, Wu YX, Li D, Song T. GRN is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltration in glioma: A study based on TCGA data. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1162983. [PMID: 37091137 PMCID: PMC10117795 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1162983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAmong primary brain tumors, gliomas are associated with a poor prognosis and a median survival that varies depending on the tumor grade and subtype. As the most malignant form of glioma, glioblastoma (GBM) constitutes a significant health concern. Alteration in granulin(GRN) has been proved to be accountable for several diseases. However, the relationship between GRN and GBM remains unclear. We evaluated the role of GRN in GBM through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databaseMethodsFirst, we assessed the relationship between GRN and GBM through the GEPIA database. Next, the relationship between GRN and GBM prognosis was analyzed by logistic regression and multivariate cox methods. Using CIBERSORT and the GEPIA correlation module, we also investigated the link between GRN and immune infiltrates in cancer. Using the TCGA data, a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed. We also employed Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) to examine the data set of GRN expression and immune infiltration level in GBM and investigate the cumulative survival in GBM. We also validated tissues from GBM patients by Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry.ResultsIncreased GRN expression was shown to have a significant relationship to tumor grade in a univariate study utilizing logistic regression. Furthermore, multivariate analysis disclosed that GRN expression down-regulation is an independent predictive factor for a favorable outcome. GRN expression level positively correlates with the number of CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) that infiltrate a GBM. The GSEA also found that the high GRN expression phenotype pathway was enriched for genes involved in immune response molecular mediator production, lymphocyte-mediated immunity, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, leukocyte proliferation, cell chemotaxis, and CD4+ alpha beta T cell activation. Differentially enriched pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) include lysosome, apoptosis, primary immunodeficiency, chemokine signaling pathway, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and B cell receptor signaling pathway. Validated result showed that GRN was upregulated in GBM tissues. These results suggested that GRN was a potential indicator for the status of GBM.ConclusionGRN is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Mei Xu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hai-Yan Xiao
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong-Xu Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhong
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - You-Jie Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You-Xuan Wu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dai Li
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Dai Li, ; Tao Song,
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Dai Li, ; Tao Song,
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Tołpa B, Depciuch J, Jakubczyk P, Paja W, Pancerz K, Wosiak A, Kaznowska E, Gala-Błądzińska A, Cebulski J. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic marker of glioblastoma ob-tained from machine learning and changes in the spectra. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103550. [PMID: 37024000 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most malignant brain cancer with an average survival rate of 5 years. In neurosurgical practice, it is impossible to completely remove a glioblastoma because of difficulties in the intraoperative assessment of the boundaries between healthy brain tissue and glioblastoma cells. Therefore, it is important to find a new, quick, cost-effective and useful neurosurgical practice method for the intraoperative differentiation of glioblastoma from healthy brain tissue. METHODS Herein, the features of absorbance at specific wavenumbers considered characteristic of glioblastoma tissues could be markers of this cancer. We used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to measure the spectra of tissues collected from control and patients suffering from glioblastoma. RESULTS The spectrum obtained from glioblastoma tissues demonstrated an additional peak at 1612 cm-1 and a shift of peaks at 1675 cm-1 and 1637 cm-1. Deconvolution of amide I vibrations showed that in the glioblastoma tissue, the percentage amount of β-sheet is around 20% higher than that in the control. Moreover, the principal component analysis showed that using fingerprint and amide I regions it is possible to distinguish cancer and non-cancer samples. Machine learning methods presented that the accuracy of the results is around 100%. Finally, analysis of the differences in the rate of change of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed that absorbance features between 1053 cm-1 and 1056 cm-1 as well as between 1564 cm-1 and 1588 cm-1 are characteristic of glioblastoma. CONCLUSION Calculated features of absorbance at specific wavenumbers could be used as a spectroscopic marker of glioblastoma which may be useful in the future for neuronavigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Tołpa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital Nr 2 in Rzeszow, Lwowska 60, 35-309, Poland
| | - Joanna Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Jakubczyk
- Institute of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, PL-35959 Rzeszow Poland
| | - Wiesław Paja
- Institute of Computer Science, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pancerz
- Institute of Philosophy, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wosiak
- Institute of Information Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Poland
| | - Ewa Kaznowska
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Józef Cebulski
- Institute of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, PL-35959 Rzeszow Poland
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Pawlowski KD, Duffy JT, Babak MV, Balyasnikova IV. Modeling glioblastoma complexity with organoids for personalized treatments. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:282-296. [PMID: 36805210 PMCID: PMC11101135 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a fatal diagnosis despite the current standard of care of maximal surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide (TMZ) therapy. One aspect that impedes drug development is the lack of an appropriate model representative of the complexity of patient tumors. Brain organoids derived from cell culture techniques provide a robust, easily manipulatable, and high-throughput model for GBM. In this review, we highlight recent progress in developing GBM organoids (GBOs) with a focus on generating the GBM microenvironment (i.e., stem cells, vasculature, and immune cells) recapitulating human disease. Finally, we also discuss the use of organoids as a screening tool in drug development for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D Pawlowski
- Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joseph T Duffy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maria V Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, People's Republic of China.
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Luo Y, Hao L, Liu C, Xiang Y, Han X, Bo Y, Han Z, Wang Z, Wang Y. Prognostic model for predicting overall survival in patients with glioblastoma: an analysis based on the SEER database. J Investig Med 2023; 71:439-447. [PMID: 36935629 DOI: 10.1177/10815589221147153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) has always been important for improving survival. An understanding of the prognostic factors for patients with GBM can help guide treatment. Herein, we aimed to construct a prognostic model for predicting overall survival (OS) for patients with GBM. We identified 11,375 patients with pathologically confirmed GBM from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2004 and 2015. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival probabilities were 48.8%, 22.5%, and 13.1%, respectively. The patients were randomly divided into the training cohort (n = 8531) and the validation cohort (n = 2844). A Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of patients in the training cohort, and a nomogram was constructed. Then concordance indexes (C-indexes), calibration curves, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the performance of the nomograms by internal (training cohort) and external validation (validation cohort). Log-rank test and univariate analysis showed that age, race, marital status, extent of surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation were the prognostic factors for patients with GBM (p < 0.05), which were used to construct nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.717 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.710-0.724) in the training cohort, and 0.724 (95% CI, 0.713-0.735) in the validation cohort. The nomogram had a higher areas under the ROC curve value. The nomogram was well validated, which can effectively predict the OS of patients with GBM. Thus, this nomogram could be applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingyu Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijia Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yin Bo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenfeng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengguang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
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Abramov I, Park MT, Belykh E, Dru AB, Xu Y, Gooldy TC, Scherschinski L, Farber SH, Little AS, Porter RW, Smith KA, Lawton MT, Eschbacher JM, Preul MC. Intraoperative confocal laser endomicroscopy: prospective in vivo feasibility study of a clinical-grade system for brain tumors. J Neurosurg 2023; 138:587-597. [PMID: 35901698 DOI: 10.3171/2022.5.jns2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors evaluated the feasibility of using the first clinical-grade confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) system using fluorescein sodium for intraoperative in vivo imaging of brain tumors. METHODS A CLE system cleared by the FDA was used in 30 prospectively enrolled patients with 31 brain tumors (13 gliomas, 5 meningiomas, 6 other primary tumors, 3 metastases, and 4 reactive brain tissue). A neuropathologist classified CLE images as interpretable or noninterpretable. Images were compared with corresponding frozen and permanent histology sections, with image correlation to biopsy location using neuronavigation. The specificities and sensitivities of CLE images and frozen sections were calculated using permanent histological sections as the standard for comparison. A recently developed surgical telepathology software platform was used in 11 cases to provide real-time intraoperative consultation with a neuropathologist. RESULTS Overall, 10,713 CLE images from 335 regions of interest were acquired. The mean duration of the use of the CLE system was 7 minutes (range 3-18 minutes). Interpretable CLE images were obtained in all cases. The first interpretable image was acquired within a mean of 6 (SD 10) images and within the first 5 (SD 13) seconds of imaging; 4896 images (46%) were interpretable. Interpretable image acquisition was positively correlated with study progression, number of cases per surgeon, cumulative length of CLE time, and CLE time per case (p ≤ 0.01). The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CLE compared with frozen sections were 94%, 94%, and 100%, respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CLE compared with permanent histological sections were 92%, 90%, and 94%, respectively. No difference was observed between lesion types for the time to first interpretable image (p = 0.35). Deeply located lesions were associated with a higher percentage of interpretable images than superficial lesions (p = 0.02). The study met the primary end points, confirming the safety and feasibility and acquisition of noninvasive digital biopsies in all cases. The study met the secondary end points for the duration of CLE use necessary to obtain interpretable images. A neuropathologist could interpret the CLE images in 29 (97%) of 30 cases. CONCLUSIONS The clinical-grade CLE system allows in vivo, intraoperative, high-resolution cellular visualization of tissue microstructure and identification of lesional tissue patterns in real time, without the need for tissue preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irakliy Abramov
- 1The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Marian T Park
- 1The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Evgenii Belykh
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Alexander B Dru
- 1The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Yuan Xu
- 1The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Timothy C Gooldy
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Lea Scherschinski
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - S Harrison Farber
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Andrew S Little
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Randall W Porter
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Kris A Smith
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Michael T Lawton
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Jennifer M Eschbacher
- 3Department of Neuropathology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - Mark C Preul
- 1The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
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The Influence of Ethnicity on Survival from Malignant Primary Brain Tumours in England: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051464. [PMID: 36900254 PMCID: PMC10000771 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the completeness of ethnicity data in the English cancer registration data has greatly improved. Using these data, this study aims to estimate the influence of ethnicity on survival from primary malignant brain tumours. METHODS Demographic and clinical data on adult patients diagnosed with malignant primary brain tumour from 2012 to 2017 were obtained (n = 24,319). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the survival of the ethnic groups up to one year following diagnosis. Logistic regressions were then used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for different ethnic groups of (1) being diagnosed with pathologically confirmed glioblastoma, (2) being diagnosed through a hospital stay that included an emergency admission, and (3) receiving optimal treatment. RESULTS After an adjustment for known prognostic factors and factors potentially affecting access to healthcare, patients with an Indian background (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.98), Any Other White (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.76-0.91), Other Ethnic Group (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.62-0.79), and Unknown/Not Stated Ethnicity (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75-0.88) had better one-year survivals than the White British Group. Individuals with Unknown ethnicity are less likely be diagnosed with glioblastoma (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.58-0.84) and less likely to be diagnosed through a hospital stay that included an emergency admission (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.53-0.69). CONCLUSION The demonstrated ethnic variations associated with better brain tumour survival suggests the need to identify risk or protective factors that may underlie these differences in patient outcomes.
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Zhao Y, Chen Y, Wei L, Ran J, Wang K, Zhu S, Liu Q. p53 inhibits the Urea cycle and represses polyamine biosynthesis in glioma cell lines. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1143-1153. [PMID: 36745250 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system. The urea cycle (UC) is an essential pathway to convert excess nitrogen and ammonia into the less toxic urea in humans. However, less is known about the functional significance of the urea cycle in glioma. p53 functions as a tumor suppressor and modulates several cellular functions and disease processes. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether p53 influences glioma progression by regulating the urea cycle. Here, we demonstrated the inhibitory impact of p53 on the expression of urea cycle enzymes and urea genesis in glioma cells. The level of polyamine, a urea cycle metabolite, was also regulated by p53 in glioma cells. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 (CPS1) is the first key enzyme involved in the urea cycle. Functionally, we demonstrated that CPS1 knockdown suppressed glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which determines the generation of polyamine, was regulated by CPS1. In addition, the impacts of p53 knockdown on ODC expression, glioma cell growth and aggressive phenotypes were significantly reversed by CPS1 inhibition. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that p53 inhibits polyamine metabolism by suppressing the urea cycle, which inhibits glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University Basic Medical College, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yingxi Chen
- Department of basic Medicine, Chongqing College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, PR China
| | - Ling Wei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University Basic Medical College, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianhua Ran
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University Basic Medical College, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University Basic Medical College, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shujuan Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University Basic Medical College, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University Basic Medical College, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Department of basic Medicine, Chongqing College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, PR China.
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Jordan JT, Gerstner ER. Imaging of Brain Tumors. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2023; 29:171-193. [PMID: 36795877 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article focuses on neuroimaging as an essential tool for diagnosing brain tumors and monitoring response to treatment. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Neuroimaging is useful at all stages of brain tumor care. Technologic advances have improved the clinical diagnostic capability of neuroimaging as a vital complement to history, examination, and pathologic assessment. Presurgical evaluations are enriched by novel imaging techniques, through improved differential diagnosis and better surgical planning using functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging. The common clinical challenge of differentiating tumor progression from treatment-related inflammatory change is aided by novel uses of perfusion imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), spectroscopy, and new positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. ESSENTIAL POINTS Using the most up-to-date imaging techniques will facilitate high-quality clinical practice in the care of patients with brain tumors.
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Kocatürk B. Identification of thioredoxin domain containing family members' expression pattern and prognostic value in diffuse gliomas via in silico analysis. Cancer Med 2023; 12:3830-3844. [PMID: 36106447 PMCID: PMC9939227 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most prevalent primary tumors of the central nervous system. Their aggressive nature and the obstacles arising during therapy highlights the importance of finding new prognostic markers and therapy targets for gliomas. TXNDC genes are members of the thioredoxin superfamily and were shown to play a role in redox homeostasis, protein folding, electron transfer and also acting as cellular adapters. The well known contribution of these processes in cancer progression prompted us to investigate if TXNDC family members may also play a role in carcinogenesis, in particular diffuse gliomas. METHODS The present study used in silico analysis tools GEPIA, UCSC Xena, Gliovis, cBioPortal, and Ivy GAP to evaluate the expression pattern, prognostic value and clinical significance of TXNDC family members in diffuse gliomas. RESULTS Our analysis showed that TXNDC family members' expression pattern differ between tumors and healthy tissues and among tumors with different grades. The detailed analysis of TXNDC5 in glioma pathogenesis revealed that TXNDC5 expression is associated with more aggressive clinical and molecular features and poor therapy success both in LGG and GBM samples. Kaplan-Meier survival curves represented a worse prognosis for patients with leveated TXNDC5 levels in LGG and all grade glioma patients. The levels of TXNDC5 was shown to be possibly regulated by hypoxia-ER stress axis and a potential mechanism for TXNDC5-driven glioma progression was found to be extracellular matrix (ECM) production which is known to promote tumor aggressiveness. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncovered the previously unknown role of TXNDC family members in glioma pathogenesis and showed that TXNDC5 levels could serve as a predictor of clinical outcome and therapy success and may very well be used for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Kocatürk
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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Oh KS, Mahalingam M. Melanoma and Glioblastoma-Not a Serendipitous Association. Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:00125480-990000000-00051. [PMID: 36624550 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we came across a patient with malignant melanoma and primary glioblastoma. Given this, we parsed the literature to ascertain the relationship, if any, between these 2 malignancies. We begin with a brief overview of melanoma and glioma in isolation followed by a chronologic overview of case reports and epidemiologic studies documenting both neoplasms. This is followed by studies detailing genetic abnormalities common to both malignancies with a view to identifying unifying genetic targets for therapeutic strategies as well as to explore the possibility of a putative association and an inherited cancer susceptibility trait. From a scientific perspective, we believe we have provided evidence favoring an association between melanoma and glioma. Future studies that include documentation of additional cases, as well as a detailed molecular analyses, will lend credence to our hypothesis that the co-occurrence of these 2 conditions is likely not serendipitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shing Oh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL
| | - Meera Mahalingam
- Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA-Integrated-Service-Network-1 (VISN1), West Roxbury, MA
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Meco D, Attinà G, Mastrangelo S, Navarra P, Ruggiero A. Emerging Perspectives on the Antiparasitic Mebendazole as a Repurposed Drug for the Treatment of Brain Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021334. [PMID: 36674870 PMCID: PMC9862092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Repurposing approved non-antitumor drugs is a promising and affordable strategy in drug discovery to identify new therapeutic uses different from the original medical indication that may help increase the number of possible, effective anticancer drugs. The use of drugs in ways other than their original FDA-approved indications could offer novel avenues such as bypassing the chemoresistance and recurrence seen with conventional therapy and treatment; moreover, it can offer a safe and economic strategy for combination therapy. Recent works have demonstrated the anticancer properties of the FDA-approved drug Mebendazole. This synthetic benzimidazole proved effective against a broad spectrum of intestinal Helminthiasis. Mebendazole can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and has been shown to inhibit the malignant progression of glioma by targeting signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, or invasion/migration, or by increasing the sensitivity of glioma cells to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Moreover, several preclinical models and ongoing clinical trials explore the efficacy of Mebendazole in multiple cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia, brain cancer, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, lung carcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, prostate cancer, and head and neck cancer. The present review summarizes central literature regarding the anticancer effects of MBZ in cancer cell lines, animal tumor models, and clinical trials to suggest possible strategies for safe and economical combinations of anticancer therapies in brain cancer. Mebendazole might be an excellent candidate for the treatment of brain tumors because of its efficacy both when used as monotherapy and in combination as an enhancement to standard chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy, due to its effectiveness on tumor angiogenesis inhibition, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and targeting of critical pathways involved in cancer such as Hedgehog signaling. Therefore, attention to MBZ repurposing has recently increased because of its potential therapeutic versatility and significant clinical implications, such as reducing medical care costs and optimizing existing therapies. Using new treatments is essential, particularly when current therapeutics for patients with brain cancer fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meco
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Attinà
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mastrangelo
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Navarra
- Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3058203; Fax: +39-06-3052751
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Wang LM, Englander ZK, Miller ML, Bruce JN. Malignant Glioma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1405:1-30. [PMID: 37452933 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23705-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of malignant gliomas, the most common primary brain tumor in adults. These tumors are varied in their cellular origin, genetic profile, and morphology under the microscope, but together they share some of the most dismal prognoses of all neoplasms in the body. Although there is currently no cure for malignant glioma, persistent efforts to improve outcomes in patients with these tumors have led to modest increases in survival, and researchers worldwide continue to strive toward a deeper understanding of the factors that influence glioma development and response to treatment. In addition to well-established epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and common histopathologic and radiologic features of malignant gliomas, this section considers recent advances in molecular biology that have led to a more nuanced understanding of the genetic changes that characterize the different types of malignant glioma, as well as their implications for treatment. Beyond the traditional classification of malignant gliomas based on histopathological features, this chapter incorporates the World Health Organization's 2016 criteria for the classification of brain tumors, with special focus on disease-defining genetic alterations and newly established subcategories of malignant glioma that were previously unidentifiable based on microscopic examination alone. Traditional therapeutic modalities that form the cornerstone of treatment for malignant glioma, such as aggressive surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and the studies that support their efficacy are reviewed in detail. This provides a foundation for additional discussion of novel therapeutic methods such as immunotherapy and convection-enhanced delivery, as well as new techniques for enhancing extent of resection such as fluorescence-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Wang
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Michael L Miller
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Basu D, Pal R, Sarkar M, Barma S, Halder S, Roy H, Nandi S, Samadder A. To Investigate Growth Factor Receptor Targets and Generate Cancer Targeting Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2877-2972. [PMID: 38164722 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266261150231110053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates multiple pathways, including Mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), PI3/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway, etc. which has a significant role in the progression and metastasis of tumor. As RTK activation regulates numerous essential bodily processes, including cell proliferation and division, RTK dysregulation has been identified in many types of cancers. Targeting RTK is a significant challenge in cancer due to the abnormal upregulation and downregulation of RTK receptors subfamily EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR in the progression of cancer, which is governed by multiple RTK receptor signalling pathways and impacts treatment response and disease progression. In this review, an extensive focus has been carried out on the normal and abnormal signalling pathways of EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR and their association with cancer initiation and progression. These are explored as potential therapeutic cancer targets and therefore, the inhibitors were evaluated alone and merged with additional therapies in clinical trials aimed at combating global cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debroop Basu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Riya Pal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, IndiaIndia
| | - Maitrayee Sarkar
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Soubhik Barma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sumit Halder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Harekrishna Roy
- Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
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Mukerjee N, Maitra S, Roy S, Modak S, Hasan MM, Chakraborty B, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Kamal MA, Dey A, Ashraf GM, Malik S, Rahman MH, Alghamdi BS, Abuzenadah AM, Alexiou A. Treatments against Polymorphosal discrepancies in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:61-68. [PMID: 36149588 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) are aggressive tumors that obstruct normal brain function. While the skull cannot expand in response to cancer growth, the growing pressure in the brain is generally the first sign. It can produce more frequent headaches, unexplained nausea or vomiting, blurred peripheral vision, double vision, a loss of feeling or movement in an arm or leg, and difficulty speaking and concentrating; all depend on the tumor's location. GB can also cause vascular thrombi, damaging endothelial cells and leading to red blood cell leakage. Latest studies have revealed the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in developing and spreading cancers such as GB and breast cancer. Many discovered SNPs are associated with GB, particularly in great abundance in the promoter region, creating polygenetic vulnerability to glioma. This study aims to compile a list of some of the most frequent and significant SNPs implicated with GB formation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Khardah, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700118, India.
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia.
| | - Swastika Maitra
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhradeep Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Khardah, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700118, India
| | - Shaswata Modak
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Khardah, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700118, India
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Biswajit Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani Nadia, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Asmita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee place, Habersham , NSW, 2770, Australia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834001, India
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju, 26426, Korea
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Mohammad Abuzenadah
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia.
- AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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Role of Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs in Cancers with an Overview of MicroRNA Binding. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:29-47. [PMID: 36287372 PMCID: PMC9813052 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs are transcripts originating from the regions without annotated coding genes. They are located mainly in the nucleus and regulate gene expression. Long intergenic noncoding RNAs can be also found in the cytoplasm acting as molecular sponges of certain microRNAs. This is crucial in various biological and signaling pathways. Expression levels of many long intergenic noncoding RNAs are disease related. In this article, we focus on the long intergenic noncoding RNAs and their relation to different types of cancer. Studies showed that abnormal expression of long intergenic noncoding RNA deregulates signaling pathways due to the disrupted free microRNA pool. Hampered signaling pathways leads to abnormal cell proliferation and restricts cell death, thus resulting in oncogenesis. This review highlights promising therapeutic targets and enables the identification of potential biomarkers specific for a certain type of cancer. Moreover, we provide an outline of long intergenic noncoding RNAs/microRNA axes, which might be applied in further detailed experiments broadening our knowledge about the cellular role of those RNA species.
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Eibl RH, Schneemann M. Liquid biopsy and glioblastoma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:28-41. [PMID: 36937320 PMCID: PMC10017188 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor. Despite a century of research efforts, the survival of patients has not significantly improved. Currently, diagnosis is based on neuroimaging techniques followed by histopathological and molecular analysis of resected or biopsied tissue. A recent paradigm shift in diagnostics ranks the molecular analysis of tissue samples as the new gold standard over classical histopathology, thus correlating better with the biological behavior of glioblastoma and clinical prediction, especially when a tumor lacks the typical hallmarks for glioblastoma. Liquid biopsy aims to detect and quantify tumor-derived content, such as nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), or extracellular vesicles (EVs) in biofluids, mainly blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or urine. Liquid biopsy has the potential to overcome the limitations of both neuroimaging and tissue-based methods to identify early recurrence and to differentiate tumor progression from pseudoprogression, without the risks of repeated surgical biopsies. This review highlights the origins and time-frame of liquid biopsy in glioblastoma and points to recent developments, limitations, and challenges of adding liquid biopsy to support the clinical management of glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Eibl
- c/o M. Schneemann, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospitals of Schaffhausen, 8208 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Robert H. Eibl, c/o M. Schneemann, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospitals of Schaffhausen, 8208 Schaffhausen, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Schneemann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospitals of Schaffhausen, 8208 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
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Bader JM, Deigendesch N, Misch M, Mann M, Koch A, Meissner F. Proteomics separates adult-type diffuse high-grade gliomas in metabolic subgroups independent of 1p/19q codeletion and across IDH mutational status. Cell Rep Med 2022; 4:100877. [PMID: 36584682 PMCID: PMC9873829 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas are malignant neuroepithelial tumors with poor survival rates in combined chemoradiotherapy. The current WHO classification is based on IDH1/2 mutational and 1p/19q codeletion status. Glioma proteome alterations remain undercharacterized despite their promise for a better molecular patient stratification and therapeutic target identification. Here, we use mass spectrometry to characterize 42 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from IDH-wild-type (IDHwt) gliomas, IDH-mutant (IDHmut) gliomas with and without 1p/19q codeletion, and non-neoplastic controls. Based on more than 5,500 quantified proteins and 5,000 phosphosites, gliomas separate by IDH1/2 mutational status but not by 1p/19q status. Instead, IDHmut gliomas split into two proteomic subtypes with widespread perturbations, including aerobic/anaerobic energy metabolism. Validations with three independent glioma proteome datasets confirm these subgroups and link the IDHmut subtypes to the established proneural and classic/mesenchymal subtypes in IDHwt glioma. This demonstrates common phenotypic subtypes across the IDH status with potential therapeutic implications for patients with IDHmut gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Maximilian Bader
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Deigendesch
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Misch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arend Koch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Felix Meissner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Implications of Cellular Immaturity in Necrosis and Microvascularization in Glioblastomas IDH-Wild-Type. Clin Pract 2022; 12:1054-1068. [PMID: 36547116 PMCID: PMC9777267 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12060108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrosis and increased microvascular density in glioblastoma IDH-wild-type are the consequence of both hypoxia and cellular immaturity. Our study aimed to identify the main clinical-imaging and morphogenetic risk factors associated with tumor necrosis and microvascular in the prognosis of patient survival. We performed a retrospective study (10 years) in which we identified 39 cases. We used IDH1, Ki-67 and Nestin immunomarkers, as well as CDKN2A by FISH. The data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics. The clinical characterization identified only age over 50 years as a risk factor (HR = 3.127). The presence of the tumor residue, as well as the absence of any therapeutic element from the trimodal treatment, were predictive factors of mortality (HR = 1.024, respectively HR = 7.460). Cellular immaturity quantified by Nestin was associated with reduced overall survival (p = 0.007). Increased microvascular density was associated with an increased proliferative index (p = 0.009) as well as alterations of the CDKN2A gene (p < 0.001). CDKN2A deletions and cellular immaturity were associated with an increased percentage of necrosis (p < 0.001, respectively, p = 0.017). The main risk factors involved in the unfavorable prognosis are moderate and increased Nestin immunointensity, as well as the association of increased microvascular density with age over 50 years. Necrosis was not a risk factor.
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Low JJW, Sulaiman SA, Johdi NA, Abu N. Immunomodulatory effects of extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:996805. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.996805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a type of brain cancer that can be considered aggressive. Glioblastoma treatment has significant challenges due to the immune privilege site of the brain and the presentation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-secreted nanosized vesicles that engage in intercellular communication via delivery of cargo that may cause downstream effects such as tumor progression and recipient cell modulation. Although the roles of extracellular vesicles in cancer progression are well documented, their immunomodulatory effects are less defined. Herein, we focus on glioblastoma and explain the immunomodulatory effects of extracellular vesicles secreted by both tumor and immune cells in detail. The tumor to immune cells, immune cells to the tumor, and intra-immune cells extracellular vesicles crosstalks are involved in various immunomodulatory effects. This includes the promotion of immunosuppressive phenotypes, apoptosis, and inactivation of immune cell subtypes, which affects the central nervous system and peripheral immune system response, aiding in its survival and progression in the brain.
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Tao X, Wu X, Zhou P, Yu X, Zhao C, Peng X, Zhang K, Shen L, Peng J, Yang L. UBE2T promotes glioblastoma malignancy through ubiquitination-mediated degradation of RPL6. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:521-532. [PMID: 36156329 PMCID: PMC9899609 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive malignant glioma. Due to patients' poor prognosis, it is of great clinical significance to determine new targets that may improve GBM treatment. In the present study, we showed that ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) was significantly overexpressed in GBM and could promote proliferation, invasion, and inhibit apoptosis of GBM cells. Mechanistically, UBE2T functioned as the Ub enzyme of ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6) and induced the ubiquitination and degradation of RPL6 in an E3 ligase-independent manner through direct modification by K48-linked polyubiquitination, thus contributing to the malignant progression of GBM cells. Furthermore, inhibiting the expression of RPL6 by UBE2T could not only reduce the expression of wild-type p53, but also enhance the gain-of-function of mutant p53. Moreover, knockdown of UBE2T in LN229 cells obviously suppressed tumor growth in LN229 xenograft mouse models. Collectively, our study demonstrated that UBE2T promotes GBM malignancy through ubiquitination-mediated degradation of RPL6 regardless of the p53 mutation status. It will provide new candidates for molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for clinical application in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiu Tao
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xia Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina,Department of PathologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Peijun Zhou
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xuehui Yu
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xingzhi Peng
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jinwu Peng
- Department of PathologyXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina,Department of PathologyXiangya Changde HospitalChangdeChina
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of OncologyKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina,Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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Nandan M, Patnaik A, Sahu RN, Dikshit P, Maurya VP, Das KK, Kumar R. Unexpected Prolonged Survival in a Case of Cerebellar GBM: An Interesting Case with Literature Review. INDIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) of cerebellar hemisphere is a rare entity and constitutes less than 1% of all the GBMs. The rarity of occurrence leads to significant challenge in differentiating morphologically from other subtypes of glioma in the posterior fossa. Previous studies have suggested that cerebellar GBM occurs in the younger age group as compared with the supratentorial counterpart.Here, we report a case of cerebellar GBM in a young adult and discuss the pathogenesis including radiological and pathological aspects involved in the treatment of cerebellar GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruti Nandan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Patnaik
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Rabi Narayan Sahu
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Priyadarshi Dikshit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ved P. Maurya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuntal K. Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ding J, Li X, Khan S, Zhang C, Gao F, Sen S, Wasylishen AR, Zhao Y, Lozano G, Koul D, Alfred Yung WK. EGFR suppresses p53 function by promoting p53 binding to DNA-PKcs: a noncanonical regulatory axis between EGFR and wild-type p53 in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1712-1725. [PMID: 35474131 PMCID: PMC9527520 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification and TP53 mutation are the two most common genetic alterations in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A comprehensive analysis of the TCGA GBM database revealed a subgroup with near mutual exclusivity of EGFR amplification and TP53 mutations indicative of a role of EGFR in regulating wild-type-p53 (wt-p53) function. The relationship between EGFR amplification and wt-p53 function remains undefined and this study describes the biological significance of this interaction in GBM. METHODS Mass spectrometry was used to identify EGFR-dependent p53-interacting proteins. The p53 and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) interaction was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to knockout EGFR and DNA-PKcs and the Edit-R CRIPSR-Cas9 system for conditional knockout of EGFR. ROS activity was measured with a CM-H2DCFDA probe, and real-time PCR was used to quantify expression of p53 target genes. RESULTS Using glioma sphere-forming cells (GSCs), we identified, DNA-PKcs as a p53 interacting protein that functionally inhibits p53 activity. We demonstrate that EGFR knockdown increased wt-p53 transcriptional activity, which was associated with decreased binding between p53 and DNA-PKcs. We further show that inhibition of DNA-PKcs either by siRNA or an inhibitor (nedisertib) increased wt-p53 transcriptional activity, which was not enhanced further by EGFR knockdown, indicating that EGFR suppressed wt-p53 activity through DNA-PKcs binding with p53. Finally, using conditional EGFR-knockout GSCs, we show that depleting EGFR increased animal survival in mice transplanted with wt-p53 GSCs. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that EGFR signaling inhibits wt-p53 function in GBM by promoting an interaction between p53 and DNA-PKcs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shayak Sen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda R Wasylishen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dimpy Koul
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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