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Hilgendorf I, Frantz S, Frangogiannis NG. Repair of the Infarcted Heart: Cellular Effectors, Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Circ Res 2024; 134:1718-1751. [PMID: 38843294 PMCID: PMC11164543 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart has limited endogenous regenerative capacity and heals through the activation of inflammatory and fibrogenic cascades that ultimately result in the formation of a scar. After infarction, massive cardiomyocyte death releases a broad range of damage-associated molecular patterns that initiate both myocardial and systemic inflammatory responses. TLRs (toll-like receptors) and NLRs (NOD-like receptors) recognize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and transduce downstream proinflammatory signals, leading to upregulation of cytokines (such as interleukin-1, TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor-α], and interleukin-6) and chemokines (such as CCL2 [CC chemokine ligand 2]) and recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Expansion and diversification of cardiac macrophages in the infarcted heart play a major role in the clearance of the infarct from dead cells and the subsequent stimulation of reparative pathways. Efferocytosis triggers the induction and release of anti-inflammatory mediators that restrain the inflammatory reaction and set the stage for the activation of reparative fibroblasts and vascular cells. Growth factor-mediated pathways, neurohumoral cascades, and matricellular proteins deposited in the provisional matrix stimulate fibroblast activation and proliferation and myofibroblast conversion. Deposition of a well-organized collagen-based extracellular matrix network protects the heart from catastrophic rupture and attenuates ventricular dilation. Scar maturation requires stimulation of endogenous signals that inhibit fibroblast activity and prevent excessive fibrosis. Moreover, in the mature scar, infarct neovessels acquire a mural cell coat that contributes to the stabilization of the microvascular network. Excessive, prolonged, or dysregulated inflammatory or fibrogenic cascades accentuate adverse remodeling and dysfunction. Moreover, inflammatory leukocytes and fibroblasts can contribute to arrhythmogenesis. Inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways may be promising therapeutic targets to attenuate heart failure progression and inhibit arrhythmia generation in patients surviving myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine at the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
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2
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Vora N, Patel P, Gajjar A, Ladani P, Konat A, Bhanderi D, Gadam S, Prajjwal P, Sharma K, Arunachalam SP. Gene therapy for heart failure: A novel treatment for the age old disease. Dis Mon 2024; 70:101636. [PMID: 37734966 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Across the globe, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality. According to reports, around 6.2 million people in the United states have heart failure. Current standards of care for heart failure can delay but not prevent progression of disease. Gene therapy is one of the novel treatment modalities that promises to fill this limitation in the current standard of care for Heart Failure. In this paper we performed an extensive search of the literature on various advances made in gene therapy for heart failure till date. We review the delivery methods, targets, current applications, trials, limitations and feasibility of gene therapy for heart failure. Various methods have been employed till date for administering gene therapies including but not limited to arterial and venous infusion, direct myocardial injection and pericardial injection. Various strategies such as AC6 expression, S100A1 protein upregulation, VEGF-B and SDF-1 gene therapy have shown promise in recent preclinical trials. Furthermore, few studies even show that stimulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation such as through cyclin A2 overexpression is a realistic avenue. However, a considerable number of obstacles need to be overcome for gene therapy to be part of standard treatment of care such as definitive choice of gene, gene delivery systems and a suitable method for preclinical trials and clinical trials on patients. Considering the challenges and taking into account the recent advances in gene therapy research, there are encouraging signs to indicate gene therapy for heart failure to be a promising treatment modality for the future. However, the time and feasibility of this option remains in a situation of balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Vora
- B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Parth Patel
- Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, India
| | | | | | - Ashwati Konat
- University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | | | | | - Kamal Sharma
- U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India.
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3
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Murad HAS, Bakarman MA. Could Plasma CXCL12 Predict Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Severe Myocardial Infarction? Int J Angiol 2023; 32:165-171. [PMID: 37576533 PMCID: PMC10421681 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma level of chemokine CXCL12 can predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease, but data on its relationship with severity of coronary stenosis in cases of severe myocardial infarction (MI) are scarce and conflicting. The objective of this study was to investigate link between plasma CXCL12 levels and different grades of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in statin-treated and -untreated patients with severe MI. A total of 198 consecutive patients with first-time severe MI (ST-elevated myocardial infarction [STEMI], n = 121 and non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction [NSTEMI], n = 77) were recruited from Coronary Care Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital. They have one to two coronary arteries blocked ≥50%, or three arteries blocked 30 to 49%. Demographic and clinical criteria were collected and plasma CXCL12 level was measured. No correlations were detected between demographic and clinical criteria and CXCL12 level. While troponin peaks and LVEF significantly differed between STEMI and NSTEMI patients, CXCL12 level showed nonsignificant changes. Plasma CXCL12 levels decreased significantly in statin-treated patients compared with those untreated. From receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, high CXCL12 levels were associated with no statin therapy. For STEMI and NSTEMI patients, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CXCL12 test were 0.685 and 0.820, while sensitivity and specificity values were 75.9 and 54.8%, and 73.1 and 84%, respectively. Plasma CXCL12 levels showed nonsignificant changes with different ranges of LVEF and troponin peaks. In patients with severe MI, irrespective of statin therapy, plasma CXCL12 showed no correlation with different ranges of LVEF suggesting that it cannot predict left ventricular dysfunction in these cases. However, cross-sectional design of this study is a limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A. S. Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan A. Bakarman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Xin L, Zheng X, Chen J, Hu S, Luo Y, Ge Q, Jin X, Ma L, Zhang S. An Acellular Scaffold Facilitates Endometrial Regeneration and Fertility Restoration via Recruiting Endogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201680. [PMID: 36049781 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Severe intrauterine adhesions (IUAs), characterized by inadequate endometrial repair and fibrosis, can lead to infertility. Stem cell-based therapies, which deliver mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the wound site, hold a considerable promise for endometrium regeneration. However, some notable hurdles, such as stemness loss, immunogenicity, low retention and survival rate, limit their clinical application. Evidence shows a strategy of mobilizing endogenous MSCs recruitment can overcome the traditional limitations of exogenous stem cell-based therapies. Here, an acellular biomaterial named stromal derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α)/E7-modified collagen scaffold (CES) is explored. CES based on harnessing the innate regenerative potential of the body enables near-complete endometrium regeneration and fertility restoration both in a rat endometrium acute damage model and a rat IUA model. Mechanistically, the CES implantation promotes endogenous MSCs recruitment via a macrophage-coordinated strategy; then the homing MSCs exert the function of immunomodulation and altered local microenvironments toward regeneration. To conclude, CES, which can harness endogenous MSCs and overcome the traditional limitations of cell-based therapies, can serve as a clinically feasible and cell-free strategy with high therapeutic efficiency for IUA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaobing Xin
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province. No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiaowen Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Sentao Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yilun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qunzi Ge
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaoying Jin
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province. No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Lie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province. No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310016, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Songying Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province. No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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5
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Lu X, Wang Z, Ye D, Feng Y, Liu M, Xu Y, Wang M, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhao M, Xu S, Ye J, Wan J. The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:765768. [PMID: 35668739 PMCID: PMC9163960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases with high disability and mortality rates. In the elderly population, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing annually. Between 1990 and 2016, the age-standardised prevalence of CVD in China significantly increased by 14.7%, and the number of cardiovascular disease deaths increased from 2.51 million to 3.97 million. Much research has indicated that cardiovascular disease is closely related to inflammation, immunity, injury and repair. Chemokines, which induce directed chemotaxis of reactive cells, are divided into four subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C, and XC. As cytokines, CXC chemokines are similarly involved in inflammation, immunity, injury, and repair and play a role in many cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, aortic aneurysm, cardiac fibrosis, postcardiac rejection, and atrial fibrillation. Here, we explored the relationship between the chemokine CXC subset and cardiovascular disease and its mechanism of action with the goal of further understanding the onset of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Ye
- *Correspondence: Jing Ye, ; Jun Wan,
| | - Jun Wan
- *Correspondence: Jing Ye, ; Jun Wan,
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6
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Foglio E, Pellegrini L, Russo MA, Limana F. HMGB1-Mediated Activation of the Inflammatory-Reparative Response Following Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020216. [PMID: 35053332 PMCID: PMC8773872 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different cell types belonging to the innate and adaptive immune system play mutually non-exclusive roles during the different phases of the inflammatory-reparative response that occurs following myocardial infarction. A timely and finely regulation of their action is fundamental for the process to properly proceed. The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved nuclear protein that in the extracellular space can act as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) involved in a large variety of different processes, such as inflammation, migration, invasion, proliferation, differentiation, and tissue regeneration, has recently emerged as a possible regulator of the activity of different immune cell types in the distinct phases of the inflammatory reparative process. Moreover, by activating endogenous stem cells, inducing endothelial cells, and by modulating cardiac fibroblast activity, HMGB1 could represent a master regulator of the inflammatory and reparative responses following MI. In this review, we will provide an overview of cellular effectors involved in these processes and how HMGB1 intervenes in regulating each of them. Moreover, we will summarize HMGB1 roles in regulating other cell types that are involved in the different phases of the inflammatory-reparative response, discussing how its redox status could affect its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Foglio
- Technoscience, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy;
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma and MEBIC Consortium, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- San Raffaele University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Limana
- San Raffaele University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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7
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Modulation of Prostanoids Profile and Counter-Regulation of SDF-1α/CXCR4 and VIP/VPAC2 Expression by Sitagliptin in Non-Diabetic Rat Model of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313155. [PMID: 34884960 PMCID: PMC8658172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of sitagliptin repurposed for hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) are poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the impact of IRI and sitagliptin on the hepatic profile of eicosanoids (LC-MS/MS) and expression/concentration (RTqPCR/ELISA) of GLP-1/GLP-1R, SDF-1α/CXCR4 and VIP/VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 in 36 rats. Animals were divided into four groups and subjected to ischemia (60 min) and reperfusion (24 h) with or without pretreatment with sitagliptin (5 mg/kg) (IR and SIR) or sham-operated with or without sitagliptin pretreatment (controls and sitagliptin). PGI2, PGE2, and 13,14-dihydro-PGE1 were significantly upregulated in IR but not SIR, while sitagliptin upregulated PGD2 and 15-deoxy-12,14-PGJ2. IR and sitagliptin non-significantly upregulated GLP-1 while Glp1r expression was borderline detectable. VIP concentration and Vpac2 expression were downregulated in IR but not SIR, while Vpac1 was significantly downregulated solely in SIR. IRI upregulated both CXCR4 expression and concentration, and sitagliptin pretreatment abrogated receptor overexpression and downregulated Sdf1. In conclusion, hepatic IRI is accompanied by an elevation in proinflammatory prostanoids and overexpression of CXCR4, combined with downregulation of VIP/VPAC2. Beneficial effects of sitagliptin during hepatic IRI might be mediated by drug-induced normalization of proinflammatory prostanoids and upregulation of PGD2 and by concomitant downregulation of SDF-1α/CXCR4 and reinstating VIP/VCAP2 signaling.
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8
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Zacherl MJ, Todica A, Wängler C, Schirrmacher R, Hajebrahimi MA, Pircher J, Li X, Lindner S, Brendel M, Bartenstein P, Massberg S, Brunner S, Lehner S, Hacker M, Huber BC. Molecular imaging of cardiac CXCR4 expression in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction using a novel 68Ga-mCXCL12 PET tracer. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2965-2975. [PMID: 32676914 PMCID: PMC8709820 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 have been shown to be a possible imaging and therapeutic target after myocardial infarction (MI). The murine-based and mouse-specific 68Ga-mCXCL12 PET tracer could be suitable for serial in vivo quantification of cardiac CXCR4 expression in a murine model of MI. METHODS AND RESULTS At days 1-6 after MI, mice were intravenously injected with 68Ga-mCXCL12. Autoradiography was performed and the infarct-to-remote ratio (I/R) was determined. In vivo PET imaging with 68Ga-mCXCL12 was conducted on days 1-6 after MI and the percentage of the injected dose (%ID/g) of the tracer uptake in the infarct area was calculated. 18F-FDG-PET was performed for anatomical landmarking. Ex vivo autoradiography identified CXCR4 upregulation in the infarct region with an increasing I/R after 12 hours (1.4 ± 0.3), showing a significant increase until day 2 (4.5 ± 0.6), followed by a plateau phase (day 4) and decrease after 10 days (1.3 ± 1.0). In vivo PET imaging identified similar CXCR4 upregulation in the infarct region which peaked around day 3 post MI (9.7 ± 5.0 %ID/g) and then subsequently decreased by day 6 (2.8 ± 1.0 %ID/g). CONCLUSION Noninvasive molecular imaging of cardiac CXCR4 expression using a novel, murine-based, and specific 68Ga-mCXCL12 tracer is feasible both ex vivo and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei Todica
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Joachim Pircher
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Brunner
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lehner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ambulatory Healthcare Center Dr. Neumaier & Colleagues, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Therapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bruno C Huber
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Murad HAS, Rafeeq MM, Alqurashi TMA. Role and implications of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in atherosclerosis: still a debate. Ann Med 2021; 53:1598-1612. [PMID: 34494495 PMCID: PMC8439212 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1974084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Chemokines and their receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. CXCL12 is a member of the chemokine family exerting a myriad role in atherosclerosis through its classical CXCR4 and atypical ACKR3 (CXCR7) receptors. The modulatory and regulatory functional spectrum of CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis in atherosclerosis spans from proatherogenic, prothrombotic and proinflammatory to atheroprotective, plaque stabilizer and dyslipidemia rectifier. This diverse continuum is executed in a wide range of biological units including endothelial cells (ECs), progenitor cells, macrophages, monocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through complex heterogeneous and homogenous coupling of CXCR4 and ACKR3 receptors, employing different downstream signalling pathways, which often cross-talk among themselves and with other signalling interactomes. Hence, a better understanding of this structural and functional heterogeneity and complex phenomenon involving CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis in atherosclerosis would not only help in formulation of novel therapeutics, but also in elucidation of the CXCL12 ligand and its receptors, as possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.Key messagesThe role of CXCL12 per se is proatherogenic in atherosclerosis development and progression.The CXCL12 receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3 perform both proatherogenic and athero-protective functions in various cell typesDue to functional heterogeneity and cross talk of CXCR4 and ACKR3 at receptor level and downstream pathways, regional boosting with specific temporal and spatial modulators of CXCL12, CXCR4 and ACKR3 need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A. S. Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin M. Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer M. A. Alqurashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Yang X, Lu D, Wang R, Lian Z, Lin Z, Zhuo J, Chen H, Yang M, Tan W, Yang M, Wei X, Wei Q, Zheng S, Xu X. Single-cell profiling reveals distinct immune phenotypes that contribute to ischaemia-reperfusion injury after steatotic liver transplantation. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13116. [PMID: 34469018 PMCID: PMC8488562 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The discrepancy between supply and demand of organ has led to an increased utilization of steatotic liver for liver transplantation (LT). Hepatic steatosis, however, is a major risk factor for graft failure due to increased susceptibility to ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury during transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the plasticity and phenotype of immune cells within the microenvironment of steatotic liver graft at single-cell level, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) was carried out on 23 675 cells from transplanted rat livers. Bioinformatic analyses and multiplex immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the functional properties, transcriptional regulation, phenotypic switching and cell-cell interactions of different cell subtypes. RESULTS We have identified 11 different cell types in transplanted livers and found that the highly complex ecosystem was shaped by myeloid-derived cell subsets that transit between different states and interact mutually. Notably, a pro-inflammatory phenotype of Kupffer cells (KCs) with high expression of colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3) that was enriched in transplanted steatotic livers was potentially participated in fatty graft injury. We have also detected a subset of dendritic cells (DCs) with highly expressing XCR1 that was correlated with CD8+ T cells, mediating the severer steatotic liver damage by I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study provide new insight into the mechanisms by which steatosis exacerbates liver damage from I/R injury. Interventions based on these observations create opportunities in attenuating fatty liver graft injury and expanding the donor pool.
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11
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Sedighi M, Ghorbanzadeh V, Abaszadeh S, Karimi A, Cheraghi M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Moghimian M, Mohammadi A, Veiskarami S, Mokhayeri Y, Nazari A. Up-regulation of chemokine receptor type 4 expression in the ischemic reperfused heart by alcoholic extract of Cichorium intybus rescue the heart from ischemia injury in male rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1351-1360. [PMID: 34076244 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cichorium intybus is used in traditional medicine for various diseases including heart disease. This study aimed at evaluating the chemokine receptor type 4 up-regulation and cardioprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of C. intybus in a rat model of ischemic reperfusion. METHODS Animals in four groups of eight rats each received vehicle or one of three doses of C. intybus (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg/d) for 14 days. Then they were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 7 days of reperfusion. At the end of the experiment, blood specimens were prepared for serum assays. The level of myocardium chemokine receptor type 4 was also measured using RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Cichorium intybus (CI-50) improved infarct size, episodes of the ventricular ectopic beat, ventricular tachycardia, and duration of ventricular tachycardia, QTc shortening. It also stabilized the ST segment changes and increased heart rate during ischemia. The blood pressure decreased in CI-50 group in comparison to the control and CI-200 group. C. intybus increased serum superoxide dismutase and reduced lactate dehydrogenase activity, Cardiac Troponin I and malondialdehyde levels. C. intybus led to an increase in the expression of chemokine receptor type 4. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that C. intybus administration before ischemia is able to induce cardioprotective effect against ischemic reperfusion injury, probably through chemokine receptor type 4 over-expression and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Sedighi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Vajihe Ghorbanzadeh
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Saber Abaszadeh
- Department of clinical biochemistry, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiologist, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Cheraghi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Siences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghimian
- Department of Physiology, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Saeid Veiskarami
- Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Department of animal science, Iran
| | - Yaser Mokhayeri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Afshin Nazari
- Department of Physiology, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
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12
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Puca AA, Carrizzo A, Spinelli C, Damato A, Ambrosio M, Villa F, Ferrario A, Maciag A, Fornai F, Lenzi P, Valenti V, di Nonno F, Accarino G, Madonna M, Forte M, Calì G, Baragetti A, Norata GD, Catapano AL, Cattaneo M, Izzo R, Trimarco V, Montella F, Versaci F, Auricchio A, Frati G, Sciarretta S, Madeddu P, Ciaglia E, Vecchione C. Single systemic transfer of a human gene associated with exceptional longevity halts the progression of atherosclerosis and inflammation in ApoE knockout mice through a CXCR4-mediated mechanism. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2487-2497. [PMID: 31289820 PMCID: PMC7340354 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Here, we aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of longevity-associated variant (LAV)-BPIFB4 gene therapy on atherosclerosis. Methods and results ApoE knockout mice (ApoE−/−) fed a high-fat diet were randomly allocated to receive LAV-BPIFB4, wild-type (WT)-BPIFB4, or empty vector via adeno-associated viral vector injection. The primary endpoints of the study were to assess (i) vascular reactivity and (ii) atherosclerotic disease severity, by Echo-Doppler imaging, histology and ultrastructural analysis. Moreover, we assessed the capacity of the LAV-BPIFB4 protein to shift monocyte-derived macrophages of atherosclerotic mice and patients towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. LAV-BPIFB4 gene therapy rescued endothelial function of mesenteric and femoral arteries from ApoE−/− mice; this effect was blunted by AMD3100, a CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) inhibitor. LAV-BPIFB4-treated mice showed a CXCR4-mediated shift in the balance between Ly6Chigh/Ly6Clow monocytes and M2/M1 macrophages, along with decreased T cell proliferation and elevated circulating levels of interleukins IL-23 and IL-27. In vitro conditioning with LAV-BPIFB4 protein of macrophages from atherosclerotic patients resulted in a CXCR4-dependent M2 polarization phenotype. Furthermore, LAV-BPIFB4 treatment of arteries explanted from atherosclerotic patients increased the release of atheroprotective IL-33, while inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory IL-1β, inducing endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and restoring endothelial function. Finally, significantly lower plasma BPIFB4 was detected in patients with pathological carotid stenosis (>25%) and intima media thickness >2 mm. Conclusion Transfer of the LAV of BPIFB4 reduces the atherogenic process and skews macrophages towards an M2-resolving phenotype through modulation of CXCR4, thus opening up novel therapeutic possibilities in cardiovascular disease. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Ageing Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | | | - Chiara Spinelli
- Ageing Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Damato
- IRCCS Neuromed, Loc. Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Francesco Villa
- Ageing Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrario
- Ageing Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maciag
- Ageing Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCCS Neuromed, Loc. Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulio Accarino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Forte
- IRCCS Neuromed, Loc. Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Gaetano Calì
- Department of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology Institute, CNR, Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy.,Società Italiana per lo Studio della Arteriosclerosi (SISA) Centro Aterosclerosi, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, 20092 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Cattaneo
- Ageing Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Izzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Montella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Francesco Versaci
- UOC Cardiologia Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti, 04100 Latina, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Auricchio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedicine, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- IRCCS Neuromed, Loc. Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, via Faggiana, 40100 Latina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Loc. Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, via Faggiana, 40100 Latina, Italy
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Medical School (Translational Health Sciences), Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Loc. Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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13
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Pluijmert NJ, Atsma DE, Quax PHA. Post-ischemic Myocardial Inflammatory Response: A Complex and Dynamic Process Susceptible to Immunomodulatory Therapies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:647785. [PMID: 33996944 PMCID: PMC8113407 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.647785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Following acute occlusion of a coronary artery causing myocardial ischemia and implementing first-line treatment involving rapid reperfusion, a dynamic and balanced inflammatory response is initiated to repair and remove damaged cells. Paradoxically, restoration of myocardial blood flow exacerbates cell damage as a result of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI-R) injury, which eventually provokes accelerated apoptosis. In the end, the infarct size still corresponds to the subsequent risk of developing heart failure. Therefore, true understanding of the mechanisms regarding MI-R injury, and its contribution to cell damage and cell death, are of the utmost importance in the search for successful therapeutic interventions to finally prevent the onset of heart failure. This review focuses on the role of innate immunity, chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory cells in all three overlapping phases following experimental, mainly murine, MI-R injury known as the inflammatory, reparative, and maturation phase. It provides a complete state-of-the-art overview including most current research of all post-ischemic processes and phases and additionally summarizes the use of immunomodulatory therapies translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek J Pluijmert
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douwe E Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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14
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Abstract
In the infarcted myocardium, cardiomyocyte necrosis triggers an intense inflammatory reaction that not only is critical for cardiac repair, but also contributes to adverse remodeling and to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Both CC and CXC chemokines are markedly induced in the infarcted heart, bind to endothelial glycosaminoglycans, and regulate leukocyte trafficking and function. ELR+ CXC chemokines (such as CXCL8) control neutrophil infiltration, whereas CC chemokines (such as CCL2) mediate recruitment of mononuclear cells. Moreover, some members of the chemokine family (such as CXCL10 and CXCL12) may mediate leukocyte-independent actions, directly modulating fibroblast and vascular cell function. This review manuscript discusses our understanding of the role of the chemokines in regulation of injury, repair, and remodeling following myocardial infarction. Although several chemokines may be promising therapeutic targets in patients with myocardial infarction, clinical implementation of chemokine-based therapeutics is hampered by the broad effects of the chemokines in both injury and repair.
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15
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Li Y, Huang J, Yan H, Li X, Ding C, Wang Q, Lu Z. Protective effect of microRNA‑381 against inflammatory damage of endothelial cells during coronary heart disease by targeting CXCR4. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1439-1448. [PMID: 32016478 PMCID: PMC7003055 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling is an innovative method of identifying biomarkers for many diseases and may be a powerful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of CHD. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of miRNA (miR)-381 on the inflammatory damage of endothelial cells during CHD. A total of 21 patients with CHD and 21 healthy control patients were enrolled in this study. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to examine the expression levels of miR-381, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), Bcl-2, Bax, Cleaved-Caspases-3 and −9, p38, ERK1/2 and JNK. Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU and flow cytometry experiments were performed to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis. An ELISA was adopted to determine the expressions of inflammatory factors (interleukins-8, −6 and −1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α). In addition, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the relationship between miR-381 and CXCR4. Decreased miR-381 expression and increased CXCR4 expression in the plasma were observed in the CHD group compared with the normal group, which indicated a negative relationship between miR-381 and CXCR4. Overexpression of miR-381 significantly promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by targeting and inhibiting CXCR4. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-381 reduced the release of inflammatory factors in OX-LDL-induced HUVECs. By contrast, reduced expression of miR-381 exerted the opposite effects, which were subsequently reversed by silencing CXCR4 expression. Results from the present study indicated that miR-381 was a CHD-related factor that may serve as a potential molecular target for CHD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- Inspection Center, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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16
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Peiró ÓM, Farré N, Cediel G, Bonet G, Rojas S, Quintern V, Bardají A. Stromal cell derived factor-1 and long-term prognosis in acute coronary syndrome. Biomark Med 2019; 13:1187-1198. [PMID: 31559838 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore long-term prognostic value of SDF-1 in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Materials & methods: We included 254 patients with ACS. Plasma SDF-1 was measured and patients were classified into tertiles of SDF-1. Results: Multivariate analysis showed third tertile of SDF-1 as an independent predictor of all-cause death (HR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2-5.2; p = 0.011) and the composite of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (HR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1; p = 0.031). SDF-1 added to a clinical model can improve all-cause death prediction (net reclassification improvement 0.362; 95% CI: 0.423-0.681; p = 0.027). Conclusion: SDF-1 is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in long-term follow-up of patients with ACS and adds prognostic information beyond traditional cardiovascular risks factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar M Peiró
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain.,Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nuria Farré
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Heart Diseases Biomedical Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - German Cediel
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Gil Bonet
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain.,Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sergio Rojas
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain.,Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Verónica Quintern
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain.,Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Bardají
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain.,Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
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17
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Abstract
Chemokines are small secreted proteins with chemoattractant properties that play a key role in inflammation. One such chemokine, Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) also known as CXCL12, and its receptor, CXCR4, are expressed and functional in cardiac myocytes. SDF-1 both stimulates and enhances the cellular signal which attracts potentially beneficial stem cells for tissue repair within the ischemic heart. Paradoxically however, this chemokine is known to act in concert with the inflammatory cytokines of the innate immune response which contributes to cellular injury through the recruitment of inflammatory cells during ischemia. In the present study, we have demonstrated that SDF-1 has dose dependent effects on freshly isolated cardiomyocytes. Using Tunnel and caspase 3-activation assays, we have demonstrated that the treatment of isolated adult rat cardiac myocyte with SDF-1 at higher concentrations (pathological concentrations) induced apoptosis. Furthermore, ELISA data demonstrated that the treatment of isolated adult rat cardiac myocyte with SDF-1 at higher concentrations upregulated TNF-α protein expression which directly correlated with subsequent apoptosis. There was a significant reduction in SDF-1 mediated apoptosis when TNF-α expression was neutralized which suggests that SDF-1 mediated apoptosis is TNF-α-dependent. The fact that certain stimuli are capable of driving cardiomyocytes into apoptosis indicates that these cells are susceptible to clinically relevant apoptotic triggers. Our findings suggest that the elevated SDF-1 levels seen in a variety of clinical conditions, including ischemic myocardial infarction, may either directly or indirectly contribute to cardiac cell death via a TNF-α mediated pathway. This highlights the importance of this receptor/ligand in regulating the cardiomyocyte response to stress conditions.
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18
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Ziff OJ, Bromage DI, Yellon DM, Davidson SM. Therapeutic strategies utilizing SDF-1α in ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:358-367. [PMID: 29040423 PMCID: PMC6005112 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is rapidly increasing in prevalence and will redraw the global landscape for cardiovascular health. Alleviating and repairing cardiac injury associated with myocardial infarction (MI) is key to improving this burden. Homing signals mobilize and recruit stem cells to the ischaemic myocardium where they exert beneficial paracrine effects. The chemoattractant cytokine SDF-1α and its associated receptor CXCR4 are upregulated after MI and appear to be important in this context. Activation of CXCR4 promotes both cardiomyocyte survival and stem cell migration towards the infarcted myocardium. These effects have beneficial effects on infarct size, and left ventricular remodelling and function. However, the timing of endogenous SDF-1α release and CXCR4 upregulation may not be optimal. Furthermore, current ELISA-based assays cannot distinguish between active SDF-1α, and SDF-1α inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). Current therapeutic approaches aim to recruit the SDF-1α-CXCR4 pathway or prolong SDF-1α life-time by preventing its cleavage by DPP4. This review assesses the evidence supporting these approaches and proposes SDF-1α as an important confounder in recent studies of DPP4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Ziff
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Daniel I Bromage
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
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19
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Chen J, Strauss B, Liang L, Hajjar RJ. Animal model of left atrial thrombus in congestive heart failure in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H63-H72. [PMID: 31074653 PMCID: PMC6692738 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00086.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop and study a new model of left atrial thrombus (LAT) in rat with congestive heart failure (CHF). CHF was induced by aortic banding for 2 mo, followed by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and subsequent aortic debanding for 1 mo. Cardiac function and the presence of LAT were assessed by echocardiography. Masson's staining was performed for histological analysis. All CHF rats presented with significantly decreased cardiac function, fibrosis in remote myocardium, and pulmonary edema. The incidence rate of LAT was 18.8% in the rats. LAT was associated with severity of aortic constriction, aortic pressure gradient, aortic blood flow velocity, and pulmonary edema but not myocardial infarction or a degree of left ventricular depression. The progressive process of thrombogenesis was characterized by myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation in the left atrial wall. Fibrin adhesion and clot formation were observed, whereas most LAT presented as a relatively hard "mass," likely attributable to significant fibrosis in the middle and outer layers. Some LAT mass showed focal necrosis as well as fibrin bulging. Most LAT occurred at the upper anterior wall of the left atrial appendage. Aortic debanding had no significant impact on large LATs (>5 mm2) that had formed, whereas small LATs (<5 mm2) regressed 1 mo after aortic release. LAT is found in a rat model of aortic banding plus I/R followed by aortic debanding. The model provides a platform to study molecular mechanisms and potential new pathways for LAT treatment. NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is critically important to have a rodent model to study the molecular mechanism of thrombogenesis in the left atrium. Left atrial thrombus (LAT) is not a simple fibrin clot like those seen in peripheral veins or arteries. Rather, LAT is a cellular mass that likely develops in conjunction with blood clotting. Studying this phenomenon will help us understand congestive heart failure and promote new therapies for LAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiu Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
| | - Benjamin Strauss
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
| | - Lifan Liang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
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20
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Hu J, Huang CX, Rao PP, Cao GQ, Zhang Y, Zhou JP, Zhu LY, Liu MX, Zhang GG. MicroRNA-155 inhibition attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis following myocardial infarction via reducing macrophage inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 857:172449. [PMID: 31207208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis plays an important role in the pathological process following myocardial infarction (MI). Macrophages that express microRNA-155 (miR-155) mediate cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. Therefore, we investigated if miR-155 regulates ERS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI using a mouse model, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs)and hypoxia-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). In vivo, miR-155 levelswere significantly higher in the MI group compared to the sham group. MI increasedmacrophage infiltration, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, ERS induced-apoptosis, and SOCS1 expression, all of which were attenuated by the miR-155 antagomir, with the exception of SOCS1 expression. Additionally, post-MI cardiac dysfunction was significantly improved by miR-155 inhibition. In vitro, LPS upregulated miR-155 expression in BMDMs, and the miR-155 antagomir decreased LPS-induced macrophage inflammation and NF-κB pathway activation, but increased expression of SOCS1. Hypoxia increased NF-κB pathway activation, ERS marker expression, and apoptosis in NRCMs. Interestingly, conditioned medium from LPS-induced macrophages in combination with the miR-155 antagomir decreased, while the miR-155 agomir increased, the hypoxia-induced effects in NRCM's. The miR-155 agomir effects were reversed by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, SOCS1 knockdown in LPS-induced macrophages promoted NF-κB pathway activation and ERS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the hypoxia-induced NRCMs, but the SOCS1-siRNA-induced effects were markedly decreased by miR-155 antagomir treatment. These data suggest that miR-155 inhibition attenuates ERS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI via reducing macrophage inflammation through the SOCS1/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; Institute of Hypertension, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong-Xin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Rao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, PR China
| | - Gui-Qiu Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Ji-Peng Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; Institute of Hypertension, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling-Yan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ming-Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, PR China
| | - Guo-Gang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; Institute of Hypertension, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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21
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LaRocca TJ, Altman P, Jarrah AA, Gordon R, Wang E, Hadri L, Burke MW, Haddad GE, Hajjar RJ, Tarzami ST. CXCR4 Cardiac Specific Knockout Mice Develop a Progressive Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092267. [PMID: 31071921 PMCID: PMC6539363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of multiple pathways is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. We previously published that CXCR4 negatively regulates β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling and ultimately limits β-adrenergic diastolic (Ca2+) accumulation in cardiac myocytes. In isolated adult rat cardiac myocytes; CXCL12 treatment prevented isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy and interrupted the calcineurin/NFAT pathway. Moreover; cardiac specific CXCR4 knockout mice show significant hypertrophy and develop cardiac dysfunction in response to chronic catecholamine exposure in an isoproterenol-induced (ISO) heart failure model. We set this study to determine the structural and functional consequences of CXCR4 myocardial knockout in the absence of exogenous stress. Cardiac phenotype and function were examined using (1) gated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); (2) terminal cardiac catheterization with in vivo hemodynamics; (3) histological analysis of left ventricular (LV) cardiomyocyte dimension; fibrosis; and; (4) transition electron microscopy at 2-; 6- and 12-months of age to determine the regulatory role of CXCR4 in cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyocyte specific-CXCR4 knockout (CXCR4 cKO) mice demonstrate a progressive cardiac dysfunction leading to cardiac failure by 12-months of age. Histological assessments of CXCR4 cKO at 6-months of age revealed significant tissue fibrosis in knockout mice versus wild-type. The expression of atrial naturietic factor (ANF); a marker of cardiac hypertrophy; was also increased with a subsequent increase in gross heart weights. Furthermore, there were derangements in both the number and the size of the mitochondria within CXCR4 cKO hearts. Moreover, CXCR4 cKO mice were more sensitive to catocholamines, their response to β-AR agonist challenge via acute isoproterenol (ISO) infusion demonstrated a greater increase in ejection fraction, dp/dtmax, and contractility index. Interestingly, prior to ISO infusion, there were significant differences in baseline hemodynamics between the CXCR4 cKO compared to littermate controls. However, upon administering ISO, the CXCR4 cKO responded in a robust manner overcoming the baseline hemodynamic deficits reaching WT values supporting our previous data that CXCR4 negatively regulates β-AR signaling. This further supports that, in the absence of the physiologic negative modulation, there is an overactivation of down-stream pathways, which contribute to the development and progression of contractile dysfunction. Our results demonstrated that CXCR4 plays a non-developmental role in regulating cardiac function and that CXCR4 cKO mice develop a progressive cardiomyopathy leading to clinical heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J LaRocca
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10128, USA.
| | - Perry Altman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10128, USA.
| | - Andrew A Jarrah
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Ron Gordon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10128, USA.
| | - Edward Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10128, USA.
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10128, USA.
| | - Mark W Burke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA.
| | - Georges E Haddad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA.
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10128, USA.
| | - Sima T Tarzami
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA.
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22
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Abstract
With the incidence and impact of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its clinical manifestations still rising, therapeutic options that target the causal mechanisms of this disorder are highly desired. Since the CANTOS trial (Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study) has demonstrated that lowering inflammation can be beneficial, focusing on mechanisms underlying inflammation, for example, leukocyte recruitment, is feasible. Being key orchestrators of leukocyte trafficking, chemokines have not lost their attractiveness as therapeutic targets, despite the difficult road to drug approval thus far. Still, innovative therapeutic approaches are being developed, paving the road towards the first chemokine-based therapeutic against inflammation. In this overview, recent developments for chemokines and for the chemokine-like factor MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) will be discussed.
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23
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Bromage DI, Taferner S, He Z, Ziff OJ, Yellon DM, Davidson SM. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α signals via the endothelium to protect the heart against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 128:187-197. [PMID: 30738798 PMCID: PMC6408335 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The chemokine stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) is known to protect the heart acutely from ischaemia-reperfusion injury via its cognate receptor, CXCR4. However, the timing and cellular location of this effect, remains controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild type male and female mice were subjected to 40 min LAD territory ischaemia in vivo and injected with either saline (control) or SDF-1α prior to 2 h reperfusion. Infarct size as a proportion of area at risk was assessed histologically using Evans blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Our results confirm the cardioprotective effect of exogenous SDF-1α in mouse ischaemia-reperfusion injury and, for the first time, show protection when SDF-1α is delivered just prior to reperfusion, which has important therapeutic implications. The role of cell type was examined using the same in vivo ischaemia-reperfusion protocol in cardiomyocyte- and endothelial-specific CXCR4-null mice, and by Western blot analysis of endothelial cells treated in vitro. These experiments demonstrated that the acute infarct-sparing effect is mediated by endothelial cells, possibly via the signalling kinases Erk1/2 and PI3K/Akt. Unexpectedly, cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of CXCR4 was found to be cardioprotective per se. RNAseq analysis indicated altered expression of the mitochondrial protein co-enzyme Q10b in these mice. CONCLUSIONS Administration of SDF-1α is cardioprotective when administered prior to reperfusion and may, therefore, have clinical utility. SDF-1α-CXCR4-mediated cardioprotection from ischaemia-reperfusion injury is contingent on the cellular location of CXCR4 activation. Specifically, cardioprotection is mediated by endothelial signalling, while cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of CXCR4 has an infarct-sparing effect per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Bromage
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Stasa Taferner
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Zhenhe He
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Oliver J Ziff
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK.
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
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24
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Liu J, Chen C, Liu Y, Sun X, Ding X, Qiu L, Han P, James Kang Y. Trientine selectively delivers copper to the heart and suppresses pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:1141-1152. [PMID: 30472883 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218813988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary copper supplementation reverses pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by copper replenishment in the heart. A copper-selective chelator, trientine (triethylenetetramine [TETA]), reverses left ventricular hypertrophy associated with diabetes also by copper replenishment in the heart. The present study was undertaken to address the critical issue how TETA delivers copper to the heart. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Eight weeks after the TAC surgery, cardiac hypertrophy was developed and copper content in the heart was reduced. TETA was then administrated by gavage in two different dosages (21.9 or 87.6 mg/kg day) for six weeks. The results showed that in the lower dosage, TETA replenished copper contents in the heart, along with a decrease in the copper concentration in the blood and kidney, and an increase in the urine. In the higher dosage, TETA did not replenish copper contents in the heart, but markedly increased copper concentrations in the urine and decreased those in the blood and kidney. Neither lower nor higher TETA dosage altered copper concentrations in other organs. Corresponding to myocardial copper replenishment, the lower dose TETA suppresses cardiac hypertrophy, as judged by a reduction in the left ventricle wall thickness and a decrease in the heart size, and diminished cardiac fibrosis, as reflected by a decrease in collagen I content. TETA in the higher dose not only did not suppress cardiac hypertrophy, but also caused cardiac hypertrophy in sham-operated rats. TETA-mediated myocardial copper restoration is independent of copper transporter-1 or -2 but related to an energy-dependent transportation. This study demonstrates that low-dose TETA functions as a copper chaperone, selectively delivering copper to the copper-deprived heart through an active transportation; in higher doses, TETA simply retains its chelator function, removing copper from the body by urinary excretion. Impact statement Our study reveals that TETA, traditionally regarded as a copper chelator, in lower doses delivers copper selectively to the heart through a mechanism independent of copper transporter-1 or -2. Copper supplementation by a lower dose of TETA suppresses pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Since ischemic heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are accompanied by myocardial copper loss, this approach of using a lower dose of TETA to supplement copper to the heart would help treat the disease condition of patients with such cardiac events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yinjie Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaorong Sun
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueqin Ding
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liying Qiu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pengfei Han
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y James Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Memphis Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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25
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Obad A, Peeran A, Little JI, Haddad GE, Tarzami ST. Alcohol-Mediated Organ Damages: Heart and Brain. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:81. [PMID: 29487525 PMCID: PMC5816804 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most commonly abused substances in the United States. Chronic consumption of ethanol has been responsible for numerous chronic diseases and conditions globally. The underlying mechanism of liver injury has been studied in depth, however, far fewer studies have examined other organs especially the heart and the central nervous system (CNS). The authors conducted a narrative review on the relationship of alcohol with heart disease and dementia. With that in mind, a complex relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular disease and dementia has been long proposed but inflammatory biomarkers have gained more attention lately. In this review we examine some of the consequences of the altered cytokine regulation that occurs in alcoholics in organs other than the liver. The article reviews the potential role of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α in predicting dementia and/or cardiovascular disease. It was found that TNF-α could promote and accelerate local inflammation and damage through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. Unraveling the mechanisms linking chronic alcohol consumption with proinflammatory cytokine production and subsequent inflammatory signaling pathways activation in the heart and CNS, is essential to improve our understanding of the disease and hopefully facilitate the development of new remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Obad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ahmed Peeran
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Janay I Little
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Georges E Haddad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sima T Tarzami
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
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26
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Zheng GH, Wen X, Wang YJ, Han XR, Shan Q, Li W, Zhao T, Wu DM, Lu J, Zheng YL. MicroRNA-381-induced down-regulation of CXCR4 promotes the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells in rat models of renal ischemia reperfusion injury. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3149-3161. [PMID: 29073721 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore whether microRNA-381 (miR-381) mediating CXCR4 affects the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) of renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Forty-eight rats were assigned into the I/R (n = 24, successfully established as I/R model) and sham (n = 24) groups. After collecting kidney tissues, immunohistochemistry, and microvascular density (MVD) counting were conducted for CXCR4 positive expression and MVD numbers. RTECs were assigned into the sham, blank, negative control (NC), miR-381 mimics, miR-381 inhibitor, si-CXCR4, and miR-381 inhibitor + si-CXCR4 groups. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed for relative expressions in tissues and cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Results showed that compared with the sham group, positive expression of CXCR4 and MVD number were higher in the I/R group, which exhibited decreased miR-381 and increased expression of CXCR4, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α) and Tie-2. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay verified that CXCR4 is a target gene of miR-381. MiR-381 expression was lower in the miR-381 inhibitor + si-CXCR4 and miR-381 inhibitor groups and higher in the miR-381 mimics group than the blank and NC groups. Compared with the blank and NC groups, the miR-381 mimics and si-CXCR4 groups exhibited higher cell proliferation but lower cell apoptosis and expression of CXCR4, SDF1, VEGF, HIF-1α, and Tie-2, whereas the miR-381 inhibitor group exhibited the opposite trend. In conclusion, miR-381 may promote RTEC proliferation in rats with renal I/R injury by down-regulating CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Rui Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
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27
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Chen J, Ceholski DK, Turnbull IC, Liang L, Hajjar RJ. Ischemic Model of Heart Failure in Rats and Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1816:175-182. [PMID: 29987819 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8597-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Temporary or permanent left coronary artery (LCA) ligation is the most widely used model of heart failure. In the present protocol, we describe the materials necessary for the procedure, key steps of the LCA ligation, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and calculation of myocardial infarction (MI) size after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (30 min/24 h) in rats and mice. We discuss precautions and tips regarding the operation before and after surgery, both in vivo and ex vivo. The aim of this chapter is to describe the details of LCA surgery and provide recommendations for current and future surgical operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiu Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Delaine K Ceholski
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irene C Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lifan Liang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Yoshizaki T, Uematsu M, Obata JE, Nakamura T, Fujioka D, Watanabe K, Nakamura K, Kugiyama K. Angiotensin II receptor blockers suppress the release of stromal cell-derived factor-1α from infarcted myocardium in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiol 2017; 71:367-374. [PMID: 29129394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects on infarcted myocardium in experimental models, little is known in humans. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), a pro-inflammatory chemokine, is released from infarcted tissue in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study examined whether ARBs suppress SDF-1α production in the infarcted lesion in patients with AMI. METHODS SDF-1α levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in plasma obtained from the aortic root (AO) and the anterior interventricular vein (AIV) in 50 patients with an anterior AMI. Measurement of SDF-1α levels and left ventriculography were repeated at discharge and 6 months after AMI. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to treatment with ARBs, which were administered at the discretion of the attending physician after admission. RESULTS The AIV-AO gradient of SDF-1α, reflecting SDF-1α release from the infarcted myocardial region, decreased between the time of discharge and 6 months after AMI in patients taking an ARB. In contrast, the SDF-1α transcardiac gradient did not change in patients not taking an ARB. Among the clinical parameters tested, only the use of ARBs was significantly associated with percent changes in the SDF-1α transcardiac gradient from the time of discharge to 6 months after AMI in a linear regression analysis (r=-0.31, p=0.03). The SDF-1α transcardiac gradient 6 months after AMI was inversely correlated with the percent change in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (r=-0.52, p<0.01) and positively correlated with the percent change in LV end-diastolic volume index (r=0.57, p<0.01) and LV end-systolic volume index (r=0.54, p<0.01) during 6 months after AMI. CONCLUSIONS ARB treatment suppressed SDF-1α release from the infarcted myocardial region, which was associated with improvement in LV dysfunction and adverse remodeling in AMI survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yoshizaki
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Manabu Uematsu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jun-Ei Obata
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujioka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kugiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
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29
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Kiani AA, Babaei F, Sedighi M, Soleimani A, Ahmadi K, Shahrokhi S, Anbari K, Nazari A. CXCR4 expression is associated with time-course permanent and temporary myocardial infarction in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:648-654. [PMID: 28702143 PMCID: PMC5501928 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Experimental myocardial infarction triggers secretion of Stromal cell-derived factor1 and lead to increase in the expression of its receptor “CXCR4” on the surface of various cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression pattern of CXCR4 in peripheral blood cells following time-course permanent and temporary ischemia in rats. Materials and Methods: Fourteen male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of seven and were placed under permanent and transient ischemia. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated at different time points, RNAs extracted and applied to qRT-PCR analysis of the CXCR4 gene. Results: Based on repeated measures analysis of variance, the differences in the expression levels of the gene in each of the groups were statistically significant over time (the effect of time) (P<0.001). Additionally, the difference in gene expression between the two groups was statistically significant (the effect of group), such that at all times, the expression levels of the gene were significantly higher in the permanent ischemia than in the transient ischemia group (P<0.001). Moreover, the interactive effect of time-group on gene expression was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: CXCR4 is modulated in an induced ischemia context implying a possible association with myocardial infarction. Checking of CXCR4 expression in the ischemic changes shows that damage to the heart tissue trigger the secretion of inflammatory chemokine SDF, Followed by it CXCR4 expression in blood cells. These observations suggest that changes in the expression of CXCR4 may be considered a valuable marker for monitoring myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Kiani
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and School of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Babaei
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Sedighi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Azam Soleimani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kolsum Ahmadi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shahrokhi
- Department of Immunology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Khatereh Anbari
- Department of Social Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Afshin Nazari
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Department of Physiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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30
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Di Maggio S, Milano G, De Marchis F, D'Ambrosio A, Bertolotti M, Palacios BS, Badi I, Sommariva E, Pompilio G, Capogrossi MC, Raucci A. Non-oxidizable HMGB1 induces cardiac fibroblasts migration via CXCR4 in a CXCL12-independent manner and worsens tissue remodeling after myocardial infarction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2693-2704. [PMID: 28716707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major health burden worldwide. Extracellular High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) regulates tissue healing after injuries. The reduced form of HMGB1 (fr-HMGB1) exerts chemotactic activity by binding CXCL12 through CXCR4, while the disulfide form, (ds-HMGB1), induces cytokines expression by TLR4. Here, we assessed the role of HMGB1 redox forms and the non-oxidizable mutant (3S) on human cardiac fibroblast (hcFbs) functions and cardiac remodeling after infarction. Among HMGB1 receptors, hcFbs express CXCR4. Fr-HMGB1 and 3S, but not ds-HMGB1, promote hcFbs migration through Src activation, while none of HMGB1 redox forms induces proliferation or inflammatory mediators. 3S is more effective than fr-HMGB1 in stimulating hcFbs migration and Src phosphorylation being active at lower concentrations and in oxidizing conditions. Notably, chemotaxis toward both proteins is CXCR4-dependent but, in contrast to fr-HMGB1, 3S does not require CXCL12 since hcFbs migration persists in the presence of the CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 or an anti-CXCL12 antibody. Interestingly, 3S interacts with CXCR4 and induces a different receptor conformation than CXCL12. Mice undergoing MI and receiving 3S exhibit adverse LV remodeling owing to an excessive collagen deposition promoted by a higher number of myofibroblasts. On the contrary, fr-HMGB1 ameliorates cardiac performance enhancing neoangiogenesis and reducing the infarcted area and fibrosis. Altogether, our results demonstrate that non-oxidizable HMGB1 induce a sustained cardiac fibroblasts migration despite the redox state of the environment and by altering CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. This affects proper cardiac remodeling after an infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Di Maggio
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco De Marchis
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Ambrosio
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertolotti
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Blanca Soler Palacios
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Cantoblanco Campus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ileana Badi
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Raucci
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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31
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Gebhard C, Rhéaume E, Berry C, Brand G, Kernaleguen AE, Théberge-Julien G, Alam MA, Lee CYW, Boileau L, Chabot-Blanchet M, Guertin MC, Lavoie MA, Grégoire J, Ibrahim R, L'Allier P, Tardif JC. Beneficial Effects of Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein (rHDL) on Circulating CD34+ Cells in Patients after an Acute Coronary Syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168448. [PMID: 28060837 PMCID: PMC5218493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-density lipoproteins (HDL) favorably affect endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Circulating progenitor cell level and function are impaired in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study investigates the short-term effects of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) on circulating progenitor cells in patients with ACS. Methods and Findings The study population consisted of 33 patients with recent ACS: 20 patients from the ERASE trial (randomized to receive 4 weekly intravenous infusions of CSL-111 40 mg/kg or placebo) and 13 additional patients recruited as controls using the same enrolment criteria. Blood was collected from 16 rHDL (CSL-111)-treated patients and 17 controls at baseline and at 6–7 weeks (i.e. 2–3 weeks after the fourth infusion of CSL-111 in ERASE). CD34+ and CD34+/kinase insert domain receptor (KDR+) progenitor cell counts were analyzed by flow cytometry. We found preserved CD34+ cell counts in CSL-111-treated subjects at follow-up (change of 1.6%), while the number of CD34+ cells was reduced (-32.9%) in controls (p = 0.017 between groups). The level of circulating SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor-1), a chemokine involved in progenitor cell recruitment, increased significantly (change of 21.5%) in controls, while it remained unchanged in CSL-111-treated patients (p = 0.031 between groups). In vitro exposure to CSL-111 of early EPC isolated from healthy volunteers significantly increased CD34+ cells, reduced early EPC apoptosis and enhanced their migration capacity towards SDF-1. Conclusions The relative increase in circulating CD34+ cells and the low SDF-1 levels observed following rHDL infusions in ACS patients point towards a role of rHDL in cardiovascular repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gebhard
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Rhéaume
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Colin Berry
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurianne Boileau
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Marc-André Lavoie
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Grégoire
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Réda Ibrahim
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe L'Allier
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Rybalko VY, Pham CB, Hsieh PL, Hammers DW, Merscham-Banda M, Suggs LJ, Farrar RP. Controlled delivery of SDF-1α and IGF-1: CXCR4(+) cell recruitment and functional skeletal muscle recovery. Biomater Sci 2017; 3:1475-86. [PMID: 26247892 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00233h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic delivery of regeneration-promoting biological factors directly to the site of injury has demonstrated its efficacy in various injury models. Several reports describe improved tissue regeneration following local injection of tissue specific growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. Evidence exists that combined cytokine/growth factor treatment is superior for optimizing tissue repair by targeting different aspects of the regeneration response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the controlled delivery of stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1α) alone or in combination with insulin-like growth factor-I (SDF-1α/IGF-I) for the treatment of tourniquet-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury (TK-I/R) of skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that SDF-1α will promote sustained stem cell recruitment to the site of muscle injury, while IGF-I will induce progenitor cell differentiation to effectively restore muscle contractile function after TK-I/R injury while concurrently reducing apoptosis. Utilizing a novel poly-ethylene glycol PEGylated fibrin gel matrix (PEG-Fib), we incorporated SDF-1α alone (PEG-Fib/SDF-1α) or in combination with IGF-I (PEG-Fib/SDF-1α/IGF-I) for controlled release at the site of acute muscle injury. Despite enhanced cell recruitment and revascularization of the regenerating muscle after SDF-1α treatment, functional analysis showed no benefit from PEG-Fib/SDF-1α therapy, while dual delivery of PEG-Fib/SDF-1α/IGF-I resulted in IGF-I-mediated improvement of maximal force recovery and SDF-1α-driven in vivo neovasculogenesis. Histological data supported functional data, as well as highlighted the important differences in the regeneration process among treatment groups. This study provides evidence that while revascularization may be necessary for maximizing muscle force recovery, without modulation of other effects of inflammation it is insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Y Rybalko
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station D3700, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Matsuoka S, Uematsu M, Nakamura T, Shimizu T, Futamata M, Obata JE, Fujioka D, Nakamura K, Yoshizaki T, Kugiyama K. High levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1α predict secondary cardiac events in stable patients with a history of myocardial infarction. J Cardiol 2017; 69:320-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Turnbull IC, Eltoukhy AA, Anderson DG, Costa KD. Lipidoid mRNA Nanoparticles for Myocardial Delivery in Rodents. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1521:153-166. [PMID: 27910047 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6588-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An area of active research in the field of cardiac gene therapy aims to achieve high transfection efficiency without eliciting immune or inflammatory reactions. Nanomedicine offers an attractive alternative to traditional viral delivery vehicles because nanoparticle technology can enable safer and more controlled delivery of therapeutic agents. Here we describe the use of lipidoid nanoparticles for delivery of modified mRNA (modRNA) to the myocardium in vivo, with a focus on rodent models that represent a first step toward preclinical studies. Three major procedures are discussed in this chapter: (1) preparation of lipid modRNA nanoparticles, (2) intramyocardial delivery of the lipid modRNA nanoparticles by direct injection with an open chest technique in rats, and (3) intracoronary delivery of the lipid modRNA nanoparticles with open chest and temporary aortic cross clamping in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene C Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Daniel G Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin D Costa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Cardiomyocyte-derived CXCL12 is not involved in cardiogenesis but plays a crucial role in myocardial infarction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1005-14. [PMID: 27251706 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 is crucial for heart development and affects cardiac repair processes due to its ability to attract leukocytes and stem cells to injured myocardium. However, there is a great controversy whether CXCL12 is beneficial or detrimental after myocardial infarction (MI). The divergence in the reported CXCL12 actions may be due to the cellular source and time of release of the chemokine after MI. This study was designed to evaluate the role of cardiomyocyte-derived CXCL12 for cardiogenesis and heart repair after MI. We generated two rodent models each targeting CXCL12 in only one cardiac cell type: cardiomyocyte-specific CXCL12-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) rats and CXCL12 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Animals of both models did not show any signs of cardiac abnormalities under baseline conditions. After induction of MI, cKO mice displayed preserved cardiac function and remodeling. Moreover, fibrosis was less pronounced in the hearts of cKO mice after MI. Accordingly, CXCL12 Tg rats revealed impaired cardiac function post-MI accompanied by enhanced fibrosis. Furthermore, we observed decreased numbers of infiltrating Th1 cells in the hearts of cKO mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that cardiomyocyte-derived CXCL12 is not involved in cardiac development but has adverse effects on the heart after injury via promotion of inflammation and fibrosis. KEY MESSAGES • CXCL12 in cardiomyocytes is not involved in cardiac development. • CXCL12 deficiency in cardiomyocytes improves outcome of myocardial infarction. • CXCL12 overexpression in cardiomyocytes worsens outcome of myocardial infarction. • CXCL12 increases fibrosis and invasion of Th1 cells in the heart after infarction.
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36
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Matkar PN, Leong-Poi H, Singh KK. Cardiac gene therapy: are we there yet? Gene Ther 2016; 23:635-48. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Uematsu M, Yoshizaki T, Shimizu T, Obata JE, Nakamura T, Fujioka D, Watanabe K, Watanabe Y, Kugiyama K. Sustained myocardial production of stromal cell-derived factor-1α was associated with left ventricular adverse remodeling in patients with myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1764-71. [PMID: 26408542 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00493.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) expressed in infarcted myocardium is unknown in humans. We examined whether SDF-1α produced in an infarcted myocardial lesion may play a role in left ventricle (LV) remodeling and dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We measured SDF-1α levels in plasma obtained from aortic root (AO) and anterior interventricular vein (AIV) in the early phase (2 wk after MI) and the chronic phase (6 mo after MI) in 80 patients with anterior MI. An increment in SDF-1α level from AO to AIV, reflecting SDF-1α release from infarcted myocardium, was more frequent in patients with MI in the early phase of MI [n = 52 (65%), P = 0.03] but not in the chronic phase of MI [n = 46 (58%), P = 0.11] compared with that in control patients [n = 6/17 (35%)]. On linear regression analysis, the transmyocardial gradient in SDF-1α level in the chronic phase of MI was correlated with percentage changes in LV end-diastolic volume index (r = 0.39, P < 0.001), LV end-systolic volume index (r = 0.38, P < 0.001), and LV ejection fraction (r = -0.26, P = 0.01) 6 mo after AMI. By contrast, the transmyocardial gradient of SDF-1α in the early phase of MI had no significant correlations. In conclusion, the production of SDF-1α in infarcted myocardium in the chronic phase of MI was associated with LV adverse remodeling and progressive dysfunction in AMI survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Uematsu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshizaki
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takuya Shimizu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jun-ei Obata
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujioka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kugiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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38
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Pawig L, Klasen C, Weber C, Bernhagen J, Noels H. Diversity and Inter-Connections in the CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor/Ligand Family: Molecular Perspectives. Front Immunol 2015; 6:429. [PMID: 26347749 PMCID: PMC4543903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 mediate the homing of progenitor cells in the bone marrow and their recruitment to sites of injury, as well as affect processes such as cell arrest, survival, and angiogenesis. CXCL12 was long thought to be the sole CXCR4 ligand, but more recently the atypical chemokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was identified as an alternative, non-cognate ligand for CXCR4 and shown to mediate chemotaxis and arrest of CXCR4-expressing T-cells. This has complicated the understanding of CXCR4-mediated signaling and associated biological processes. Compared to CXCL12/CXCR4-induced signaling, only few details are known on MIF/CXCR4-mediated signaling and it remains unclear to which extent MIF and CXCL12 reciprocally influence CXCR4 binding and signaling. Furthermore, the atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) (previously CXCR7) has added to the complexity of CXCR4 signaling due to its ability to bind CXCL12 and MIF, and to evoke CXCL12- and MIF-triggered signaling independently of CXCR4. Also, extracellular ubiquitin (eUb) and the viral protein gp120 (HIV) have been reported as CXCR4 ligands, whereas viral chemokine vMIP-II (Herpesvirus) and human β3-defensin (HBD-3) have been identified as CXCR4 antagonists. This review will provide insight into the diversity and inter-connections in the CXCR4 receptor/ligand family. We will discuss signaling pathways initiated by binding of CXCL12 vs. MIF to CXCR4, elaborate on how ACKR3 affects CXCR4 signaling, and summarize biological functions of CXCR4 signaling mediated by CXCL12 or MIF. Also, we will discuss eUb and gp120 as alternative ligands for CXCR4, and describe vMIP-II and HBD-3 as antagonists for CXCR4. Detailed insight into biological effects of CXCR4 signaling und underlying mechanisms, including diversity of CXCR4 ligands and inter-connections with other (chemokine) receptors, is clinically important, as the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 has been approved as stem cell mobilizer in specific disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pawig
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Christina Klasen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany ; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance , Munich , Germany ; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany ; August-Lenz-Stiftung, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
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Liang X, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Tse HF, Lian Q. Paracrine mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy: current status and perspectives. Cell Transplant 2015; 23:1045-59. [PMID: 23676629 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x667709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of a few stem cell types to be applied in clinical practice as therapeutic agents for immunomodulation and ischemic tissue repair. In addition to their multipotent differentiation potential, a strong paracrine capacity has been proposed as the principal mechanism that contributes to tissue repair. Apart from cytokine/chemokine secretion, MSCs also display a strong capacity for mitochondrial transfer and microvesicle (exosomes) secretion in response to injury with subsequent promotion of tissue regeneration. These unique properties of MSCs make them an invaluable cell type to repair damaged tissues/organs. Although MSCs offer great promise in the treatment of degenerative diseases and inflammatory disorders, there are still many challenges to overcome prior to their widespread clinical application. Particularly, their in-depth paracrine mechanisms remain a matter for debate and exploration. This review will highlight the discovery of the paracrine mechanism of MSCs, regulation of the paracrine biology of MSCs, important paracrine factors of MSCs in modulation of tissue repair, exosome and mitochondrial transfer for tissue repair, and the future perspective for MSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Liang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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40
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Opfermann P, Derhaschnig U, Felli A, Wenisch J, Santer D, Zuckermann A, Dworschak M, Jilma B, Steinlechner B. A pilot study on reparixin, a CXCR1/2 antagonist, to assess safety and efficacy in attenuating ischaemia-reperfusion injury and inflammation after on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:131-42. [PMID: 25402332 PMCID: PMC4367101 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reparixin, a CXCR 1/2 antagonist, has been shown to mitigate ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in various organ systems in animals, but data in humans are scarce. The aim of this double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of reparixin to suppress IRI and inflammation in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Patients received either reparixin or placebo (n = 16 in each group) after induction of anaesthesia until 8 h after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We compared markers of systemic and pulmonary inflammation, surrogates of myocardial IRI and clinical outcomes using Mann-Whitney U- and Fisher's exact tests. Thirty- and 90-day mortality was 0% in both groups. No side effects were observed in the treatment group. Surgical revision, pleural and pericardial effusion, infection and atrial fibrillation rates were not different between groups. Reparixin significantly reduced the proportion of neutrophil granulocytes in blood at the beginning [49%, interquartile range (IQR) = 45-57 versus 58%, IQR = 53-66, P = 0·035], end (71%, IQR = 67-76 versus 79%, IQR = 71-83, P = 0·023) and 1 h after CPB (73%, IQR = 71-75 versus 77%, IQR = 72-80, P = 0·035). Reparixin patients required a lesser positive fluid balance during surgery (2575 ml, IQR = 2027-3080 versus 3200 ml, IQR = 2928-3778, P = 0·029) and during ICU stay (2603 ml, IQR = 1023-4288 versus 4200 ml, IQR = 2313-8160, P = 0·021). Numerically, more control patients required noradrenaline ≥ 0·11 μg/kg/min (50 versus 19%, P = 0·063) and dobutamine (50 versus 25%, P = 0·14). Therefore, administration of reparixin in CABG patients appears to be feasible and safe. It concurrently attenuated postoperative granulocytosis in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Opfermann
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - U Derhaschnig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - A Felli
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - J Wenisch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - D Santer
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hietzing HospitalVienna, Austria
| | - A Zuckermann
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - M Dworschak
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - B Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - B Steinlechner
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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41
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Cai WF, Kang K, Huang W, Liang JL, Feng YL, Liu GS, Chang DH, Wen ZL, Paul C, Xu M, Millard RW, Wang Y. CXCR4 attenuates cardiomyocytes mitochondrial dysfunction to resist ischaemia-reperfusion injury. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1825-35. [PMID: 25824297 PMCID: PMC4549033 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) is expressed on native cardiomyocytes and can modulate isolated cardiomyocyte contractility. This study examines the role of CXCR4 in cardiomyocyte response to ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Isolated adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to simulate I/R injury. In response to H/R injury, the decrease in CXCR4 expression was associated with dysfunctional energy metabolism indicated by an increased adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate (ADP/ATP) ratio. CXCR4-overexpressing cardiomyocytes were used to determine whether such overexpression (OE) can prevent bio-energetic disruption-associated cell death. CXCR4 OE was performed with adenoviral infection with CXCR4 encoding-gene or non-translated nucleotide sequence (Control). The increased CXCR4 expression was observed in cardiomyocytes post CXCR4-adenovirus transduction and this OE significantly reduced the cardiomyocyte contractility under basal conditions. Although the same extent of H/R-provoked cytosolic calcium overload was measured, the hydrogen peroxide-induced decay of mitochondrial membrane potential was suppressed in CXCR4 OE group compared with control group, and the mitochondrial swelling was significantly attenuated in CXCR4 group, implicating that CXCR4 OE prevents permeability transition pore opening exposure to overload calcium. Interestingly, this CXCR4-induced mitochondrial protective effect is associated with the enhanced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (expression in mitochondria. Consequently, in the presence of H/R, mitochondrial dysfunction was mitigated and cardiomyocyte death was decreased to 65% in the CXCR4 OE group as compared with the control group. I/R injury leads to the reduction in CXCR4 in cardiomyocytes associated with the dysfunctional energy metabolism, and CXCR4 OE can alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction to improve cardiomyocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Cai
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jia-Liang Liang
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yu-Liang Feng
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guan-Sheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - De-Hua Chang
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhi-Li Wen
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ronald W Millard
- Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Abstract
The failing human heart is a bustling network of intra- and inter-cellular signals and related processes attempting to coordinate a repair mechanism for the injured or diseased myocardium. While our understanding of signaling by mode of cytokines is well understood on a systemic level, we are only now coming to elucidate the role of cytokines in cardiac self-regulation. An increasing number of studies are showing now that cardiomyocytes themselves have not only the ability but also the mandate to produce signals, and play direct roles in how these signals are interpreted. One of the families of cytokines employed by distressed cardiac tissue are chemokines. By regulating the movement of pro-inflammatory cell types to sites of injury, we see now how the myocardium responds to stress. Herein we review the participation of these inflammatory mediators and explore the delicate balance between their protective roles and damaging functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Jarrah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
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43
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Ghasemzadeh N, Hritani AW, De Staercke C, Eapen DJ, Veledar E, Al Kassem H, Khayata M, Zafari AM, Sperling L, Hooper C, Vaccarino V, Mavromatis K, Quyyumi AA. Plasma stromal cell-derived factor 1α/CXCL12 level predicts long-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2015; 238:113-8. [PMID: 25461737 PMCID: PMC4721225 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stromal derived factor-1α/CXCL12 is a chemoattractant responsible for homing of progenitor cells to ischemic tissues. We aimed to investigate the association of plasma CXCL12 with long-term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS 785 patients aged: 63 ± 12 undergoing coronary angiography were independently enrolled into discovery (N = 186) and replication (N = 599) cohorts. Baseline levels of plasma CXCL12 were measured using Quantikine CXCL12 ELISA assay (R&D systems). Patients were followed for cardiovascular death and/or myocardial infarction (MI) for a mean of 2.6 yrs. Cox proportional hazard was used to determine independent predictors of cardiovascular death/MI. RESULTS The incidence of cardiovascular death/MI was 13% (N = 99). High CXCL12 level based on best discriminatory threshold derived from the ROC analysis predicted risk of cardiovascular death/MI (HR = 4.81, p = 1 × 10(-6)) independent of traditional risk factors in the pooled cohort. Addition of CXCL12 to a baseline model was associated with a significant improvement in c-statistic (AUC: 0.67-0.73, p = 0.03). Addition of CXCL12 was associated with correct risk reclassification of 40% of events and 10.5% of non-events. Similarly for the outcome of cardiovascular death, the addition of the CXCL12 to the baseline model was associated with correct reclassification of 20.7% of events and 9% of non-events. These results were replicated in two independent cohorts. CONCLUSION Plasma CXCL12 level is a strong independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CAD and improves risk reclassification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danny J Eapen
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emir Veledar
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - A Maziar Zafari
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | | | - Craig Hooper
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kreton Mavromatis
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
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Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial dysfunction in the setting of congestive heart failure have created a new opportunity in developing nonpharmacological approaches to treatment. Gene therapy has emerged as a powerful tool in targeting the molecular mechanisms of disease by preventing the ventricular remodeling and improving bioenergetics in heart failure. Refinements in vector technology, including the creation of recombinant adeno-associated viruses, have allowed for safe and efficient gene transfer. These advancements have been coupled with evolving delivery methods that include vascular, pericardial, and direct myocardial approaches. One of the most promising targets, SERCA2a, is currently being used in clinical trials. The recent success of the Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease phase 2 trials using adeno-associated virus 1-SERCA2a in improving outcomes highlights the importance of gene therapy as a future tool in treating congestive heart failure.
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45
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Liu J, Han P, Xiao Y, Liu J, Kang YJ. A novel knot method for individually measurable aortic constriction in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H987-95. [PMID: 25108013 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00990.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel knot method in rats is reported that addresses several drawbacks in the current model of aortic constriction-induced heart hypertrophy. Using a rat model, we developed a two-step procedure that includes 1) measurement of individual aorta circumference using a surgical thread; and 2) constriction of the aorta using a thread with the desired length predefined by a knot at each end for a measurable reduction of the aortic circumference as referenced to the measurement in step 1. This knot approach produces a manageable gradient of aortic constriction in each rat, reaching a consistency among experimental animals that cannot be achieved by the traditional needle method. Notably, the animal model produced by our knot method showed cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction with the severity proportional to the percentage reduction of the aorta circumference (50% vs. 60%). Additionally, our new procedure produced a lower mortality rate compared with the traditional needle method. Therefore, we recommend this knot method as an alternative procedure for aortic constriction with desired gradient in rats and larger-animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengfei Han
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; and
| | - Y James Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Döring Y, Pawig L, Weber C, Noels H. The CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine ligand/receptor axis in cardiovascular disease. Front Physiol 2014; 5:212. [PMID: 24966838 PMCID: PMC4052746 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 play an important homeostatic function by mediating the homing of progenitor cells in the bone marrow and regulating their mobilization into peripheral tissues upon injury or stress. Although the CXCL12/CXCR4 interaction has long been regarded as a monogamous relation, the identification of the pro-inflammatory chemokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as an important second ligand for CXCR4, and of CXCR7 as an alternative receptor for CXCL12, has undermined this interpretation and has considerably complicated the understanding of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling and associated biological functions. This review aims to provide insight into the current concept of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in myocardial infarction (MI) and its underlying pathologies such as atherosclerosis and injury-induced vascular restenosis. It will discuss main findings from in vitro studies, animal experiments and large-scale genome-wide association studies. The importance of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in progenitor cell homing and mobilization will be addressed, as will be the function of CXCR4 in different cell types involved in atherosclerosis. Finally, a potential translation of current knowledge on CXCR4 into future therapeutical application will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Pawig
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany ; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance Munich, Germany ; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany
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Li Y, Huang J, He X, Tang G, Tang YH, Liu Y, Lin X, Lu Y, Yang GY, Wang Y. Postacute Stromal Cell–Derived Factor-1α Expression Promotes Neurovascular Recovery in Ischemic Mice. Stroke 2014; 45:1822-9. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.005078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Li
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (Y.L., J.H., X.H., G.T., Y.-H.T., X.L., Y. Lu, G.-Y.Y., Y.W.) and Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y. Liu, G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Huang
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (Y.L., J.H., X.H., G.T., Y.-H.T., X.L., Y. Lu, G.-Y.Y., Y.W.) and Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y. Liu, G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (Y.L., J.H., X.H., G.T., Y.-H.T., X.L., Y. Lu, G.-Y.Y., Y.W.) and Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y. Liu, G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Tang
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (Y.L., J.H., X.H., G.T., Y.-H.T., X.L., Y. Lu, G.-Y.Y., Y.W.) and Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y. Liu, G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao-Hui Tang
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (Y.L., J.H., X.H., G.T., Y.-H.T., X.L., Y. Lu, G.-Y.Y., Y.W.) and Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y. Liu, G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (Y.L., J.H., X.H., G.T., Y.-H.T., X.L., Y. Lu, G.-Y.Y., Y.W.) and Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y. Liu, G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (Y.L., J.H., X.H., G.T., Y.-H.T., X.L., Y. Lu, G.-Y.Y., Y.W.) and Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y. Liu, G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (Y.L., J.H., X.H., G.T., Y.-H.T., X.L., Y. Lu, G.-Y.Y., Y.W.) and Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y. Liu, G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (Y.L., J.H., X.H., G.T., Y.-H.T., X.L., Y. Lu, G.-Y.Y., Y.W.) and Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y. Liu, G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- From the Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering (Y.L., J.H., X.H., G.T., Y.-H.T., X.L., Y. Lu, G.-Y.Y., Y.W.) and Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine (Y. Liu, G.-Y.Y.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Drp1 Loss-of-function Reduces Cardiomyocyte Oxygen Dependence Protecting the Heart From Ischemia-reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:477-87. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Long MY, Li HH, Pen XZ, Huang MQ, Luo DY, Wang PS. Expression of chemokine receptor-4 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on experimental rat abdominal aortic aneurysms and the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with stromal-derived factor-1. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2014; 30:224-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Bromage DI, Davidson SM, Yellon DM. Stromal derived factor 1α: a chemokine that delivers a two-pronged defence of the myocardium. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:305-15. [PMID: 24704323 PMCID: PMC4127789 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alleviating myocardial injury associated with ST elevation myocardial infarction is central to improving the global burden of coronary heart disease. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) has dual potential benefit in this regard. Firstly, SDF-1α is up-regulated in experimental and clinical studies of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and regulates stem cell migration to sites of injury. SDF-1α delivery to the myocardium after AMI is associated with improved stem cell homing, angiogenesis, and left ventricular function in animal models, and improvements in heart failure and quality of life in humans. Secondly, SDF-1α may have a role in remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC), the phenomenon whereby non-lethal ischaemia–reperfusion applied to an organ or tissue remote from the heart protects the myocardium from lethal ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). SDF-1α is increased in the serum of rats subjected to RIC and protects against myocardial IRI in ex vivo studies. Despite these potential pleiotropic effects, a limitation of SDF-1α is its short plasma half-life due to cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). However, DPP-4 inhibitors increase the half-life of SDF-1α by preventing its degradation and are also protective against lethal IRI. In summary, SDF-1 potentially delivers a ‘two-pronged’ defence of the myocardium: acutely protecting it from IRI while simultaneously stimulating repair by recruiting stem cells to the site of injury. In this article we examine the evidence for acute and chronic cardioprotective roles of SDF-1α and discuss potential therapeutic manipulations of this mechanism with DPP-4 inhibitors to protect against lethal tissue injury in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Bromage
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
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