1
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Butera A, Agostini M, Cassandri M, De Nicola F, Fanciulli M, D’Ambrosio L, Falasca L, Nardacci R, Wang L, Piacentini M, Knight RA, Jia W, Sun Q, Shi Y, Wang Y, Candi E, Melino G. ZFP750 affects the cutaneous barrier through regulating lipid metabolism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg5423. [PMID: 37115925 PMCID: PMC10146900 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg5423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An essential function of the epidermis is to provide a physical barrier that prevents the loss of water. Essential mediators of this barrier function include ceramides, cholesterol, and very long chain fatty acids, and their alteration causes human pathologies, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. A frameshift mutation in the human ZNF750 gene, which encodes a zinc finger transcription factor, has been shown to cause a seborrhea-like dermatitis. Here, we show that genetic deletion of the mouse homolog ZFP750 results in loss of epidermal barrier function, which is associated with a substantial reduction of ceramides, nonpolar lipids. The alteration of epidermal lipid homeostasis is directly linked to the transcriptional activity of ZFP750. ZFP750 directly and/or indirectly regulates the expression of crucial enzymes primarily involved in the biosynthesis of ceramides. Overall, our study identifies the transcription factor ZFP750 as a master regulator epidermal homeostasis through lipid biosynthesis and thus contributing to our understanding of the pathogenesis of several human skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Butera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Nicola
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D’Ambrosio
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani,” IRCCS, Rome Italy
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani,” IRCCS, Rome Italy
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences (UniCamillus), Rome, Italy
| | - Lu Wang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani,” IRCCS, Rome Italy
| | - Richard A. Knight
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Wei Jia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- IDI-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta, 106, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author.
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2
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Sotiropoulou G, Zingkou E, Pampalakis G. Redirecting drug repositioning to discover innovative cosmeceuticals. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:628-644. [PMID: 33544970 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin appearance is essential for self-esteem and quality of life; consequently, skin care products represent a huge market. In particular, cosmeceuticals constitute a hybrid category of skin care formulations, at the interphase of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, rationally designed to target (patho) physiological mechanisms aiming to enhance skin health and appearance. Cosmeceuticals are marketed as anti-ageing, anti-wrinkle, hair regrowth, skin whitening and wound healing agents with special emphasis on scar-free healing. An overview on recent cutting-edge advances concerning the discovery and development of enhanced performance cosmeceuticals by drug repositioning approaches is presented here. In this context, we propose "target repositioning," a new term, to highlight that druggable protein targets implicated in multiple diseases (hubs in the diseasome) can be exploited to accelerate the discovery of molecularly targeted cosmeceuticals that can promote skin health as an added benefit, which is a novel concept not described before. In this direction, emphasis is placed on the role of mouse models, for often untreatable skin diseases, as well as recent breakthroughs on monogenic rare skin syndromes, in promoting compound repositioning to innovative cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Sotiropoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Zingkou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios Pampalakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Enjalbert F, Dewan P, Caley MP, Jones EM, Morse MA, Kelsell DP, Enright AJ, O'Toole EA. 3D model of harlequin ichthyosis reveals inflammatory therapeutic targets. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4798-4810. [PMID: 32544098 PMCID: PMC7456239 DOI: 10.1172/jci132987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The biology of harlequin ichthyosis (HI), a devastating skin disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene ABCA12, is poorly understood, and to date, no satisfactory treatment has been developed. We sought to investigate pathomechanisms of HI that could lead to the identification of new treatments for improving patients' quality of life. In this study, RNA-Seq and functional assays were performed to define the effects of loss of ABCA12 using HI patient skin samples and an engineered CRISPR/Cas9 ABCA12 KO cell line. The HI living skin equivalent (3D model) recapitulated the HI skin phenotype. The cytokines IL-36α and IL-36γ were upregulated in HI skin, whereas the innate immune inhibitor IL-37 was strongly downregulated. We also identified STAT1 and its downstream target inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) as being upregulated in the in vitro HI 3D model and HI patient skin samples. Inhibition of NOS2 using the inhibitor 1400W or the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib dramatically improved the in vitro HI phenotype by restoring the lipid barrier in the HI 3D model. Our study has identified dysregulated pathways in HI skin that are feasible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Enjalbert
- Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Dewan
- Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Caley
- Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleri M Jones
- Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary A Morse
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicine's Research Centre, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - David P Kelsell
- Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anton J Enright
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Dermatology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust ERN-Skin, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Teramura T, Nomura T. Acute skin barrier disruption alters the secretion of lamellar bodies via the multilayered expression of ABCA12. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 100:50-57. [PMID: 32873425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin barrier consists of multiple lipid-enriched layers, which are characterized by lamellar repeated structures within the intercellular space. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a well-known substance that can disrupt the skin barrier. The mechanisms underlying the barrier repair process, especially the influence of topical sodium lauryl sulfate treatment on lipid transport in the barrier recovery phase, remain unresolved. OBJECTIVE To understand the process of reconstruction of the intercellular lipid layer of the skin after acute barrier disruption by sodium lauryl sulfate treatment in vivo. METHODS Female hairless mice were treated with 3 % sodium lauryl sulfate. Transepidermal water loss measurement, histopathological analysis, and gene expression analysis were performed from 1 to 288 h after the topical application of sodium lauryl sulfate. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy analysis were performed to examine the expression level of ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 12 (ABCA12), and the secretion level of lamellar bodies. RESULTS We observed rapid hyper-keratinization at the stratum corneum and the subsequent concurrent secretion of lamellar bodies into the intercellular space of the stratum corneum during the process of skin barrier recovery. ABCA12 expression associated with lipid transportation into lamellar bodies was transiently upregulated and observed in multiple layers in the upper epidermis, especially in the stratum granulosum. CONCLUSION The skin reacts appropriately to maintain its barrier function by first initiating hyper-keratinization and then increasing lamellar body secretion. Activation of ABCA12 is an essential factor for the recovery of skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Teramura
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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5
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Ishitsuka Y, Ogawa T, Roop D. The KEAP1/NRF2 Signaling Pathway in Keratinization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E751. [PMID: 32823937 PMCID: PMC7465315 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinization is a tissue adaptation, but aberrant keratinization is associated with skin disorders such as ichthyoses, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne. The disease phenotype stems from the interaction between genes and the environment; therefore, an understanding of the adaptation machinery may lead to a new appreciation of pathomechanisms. The KEAP1/NRF2 signaling pathway mediates the environmental responses of squamous epithelial tissue. The unpredicted outcome of the Keap1-null mutation in mice allowed us to revisit the basic principle of the biological process of keratinization: sulfur metabolism establishes unparalleled cytoprotection in the body wall of terrestrial mammals. We summarize the recent understanding of the KEAP1/NRF2 signaling pathway, which is a thiol-based sensor-effector apparatus, with particular focuses on epidermal differentiation in the context of the gene-environment interaction, the structure/function principles involved in KEAP1/NRF2 signaling, lessons from mouse models, and their pathological implications. This synthesis may provide insights into keratinization, which provides physical insulation and constitutes an essential innate integumentary defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan;
| | - Dennis Roop
- Department of Dermatology and Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
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6
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Egawa G, Kabashima K. Barrier dysfunction in the skin allergy. Allergol Int 2018; 67:3-11. [PMID: 29153780 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is continuously exposed to external pathogens, and its barrier function is critical for skin homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that the barrier dysfunction is one of the most predisposing factors for the development of skin allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis. In this article, we summarize how the physical barrier of the skin is organized and review its link to the pathomechanism of skin allergic diseases. We describe the formation of the SC barrier in terms of the following five categories: 1) filaggrin metabolism; 2) cornified envelope; 3) intercellular lipids; 4) corneodesmosome; and 5) corneocyte desquamation. New approaches to restoring the skin barrier function are also discussed.
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7
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Ip SCI, Cottle DL, Jones LK, Weir JM, Kelsell DP, O'Toole EA, Meikle PJ, Smyth IM. A profile of lipid dysregulation in harlequin ichthyosis. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:e217-e219. [PMID: 28493316 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S C I Ip
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - D L Cottle
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Vic, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L K Jones
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Vic, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J M Weir
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - D P Kelsell
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - E A O'Toole
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - P J Meikle
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - I M Smyth
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Vic, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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8
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Glick JB, Craiglow BG, Choate KA, Kato H, Fleming RE, Siegfried E, Glick SA. Improved Management of Harlequin Ichthyosis With Advances in Neonatal Intensive Care. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2016-1003. [PMID: 27999114 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is the most severe phenotype of the autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses. HI is caused by mutations in the lipid transporter adenosine triphosphate binding cassette A 12 (ABCA12). Neonates are born with a distinct clinical appearance, encased in a dense, platelike keratotic scale separated by deep erythematous fissures. Facial features are distorted by severe ectropion, eclabium, flattened nose, and rudimentary ears. Skin barrier function is markedly impaired, which can lead to hypernatremic dehydration, impaired thermoregulation, increased metabolic demands, and increased risk of respiratory dysfunction and infection. Historically, infants with HI did not survive beyond the neonatal period; however, recent advances in neonatal intensive care and coordinated multidisciplinary management have greatly improved survival. In this review, the authors combine the growing HI literature with their collective experiences to provide a comprehensive review of the management of neonates with HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie B Glick
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - Keith A Choate
- Departments of Dermatology.,Genetics, and.,Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | | | | | - Elaine Siegfried
- Departments of Pediatrics and.,Dermatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Sharon A Glick
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York;
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9
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Defects in Stratum Corneum Desquamation Are the Predominant Effect of Impaired ABCA12 Function in a Novel Mouse Model of Harlequin Ichthyosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161465. [PMID: 27551807 PMCID: PMC4994956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Harlequin Ichthyosis is a severe skin disease caused by mutations in the human gene encoding ABCA12. Here, we characterize a novel mutation in intron 29 of the mouse Abca12 gene that leads to the loss of a 5' splice donor site and truncation of the Abca12 RNA transcript. Homozygous mutants of this smooth skin or smsk allele die perinatally with shiny translucent skin, typical of animal models of Harlequin Ichthyosis. Characterization of smsk mutant skin showed that the delivery of glucosylceramides and CORNEODESMOSIN was defective, while ultrastructural analysis revealed abnormal lamellar bodies and the absence of lipid lamellae in smsk epidermis. Unexpectedly, mutant stratum corneum remained intact when subjected to harsh chemical dissociation procedures. Moreover, both KALLIKREIN 5 and -7 were drastically decreased, with retention of desmoplakin in mutant SC. In cultured wild type keratinocytes, both KALLIKREIN 5 and -7 colocalized with ceramide metabolites following calcium-induced differentiation. Reducing the intracellular levels of glucosylceramide with a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor resulted in decreased secretion of KALLIKREIN proteases by wild type keratinocytes, but not by smsk mutant keratinocytes. Together, these findings suggest an essential role for ABCA12 in transferring not only lipids, which are required for the formation of multilamellar structures in the stratum corneum, but also proteolytic enzymes that are required for normal desquamation. Smsk mutant mice recapitulate many of the pathological features of HI and can be used to explore novel topical therapies against a potentially lethal and debilitating neonatal disease.
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10
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Egawa G, Kabashima K. Multifactorial skin barrier deficiency and atopic dermatitis: Essential topics to prevent the atopic march. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:350-358.e1. [PMID: 27497277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease in the industrialized world and has multiple causes. Over the past decade, data from both experimental models and patients have highlighted the primary pathogenic role of skin barrier deficiency in patients with AD. Increased access of environmental agents into the skin results in chronic inflammation and contributes to the systemic "atopic (allergic) march." In addition, persistent skin inflammation further attenuates skin barrier function, resulting in a positive feedback loop between the skin epithelium and the immune system that drives pathology. Understanding the mechanisms of skin barrier maintenance is essential for improving management of AD and limiting downstream atopic manifestations. In this article we review the latest developments in our understanding of the pathomechanisms of skin barrier deficiency, with a particular focus on the formation of the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, which contributes significantly to skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
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11
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The role of epidermal sphingolipids in dermatologic diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:13. [PMID: 26786937 PMCID: PMC4717587 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, a group of lipids containing the sphingoid base, have both structural and biological functions in human epidermis. Ceramides, as a part of extracellular lipids in the stratum corneum, are important elements of the skin barrier and are involved in the prevention of transepidermal water loss. In addition, ceramides regulate such processes as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of keratinocytes. Another important sphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of keratinocytes. A recent clinical study of the efficacy and safety of ponesimod (a selective modulator of the S1P receptor 1) suggested that sphingolipid metabolism may become a new target for the pharmacological treatment of psoriasis. The role of sphingolipids in some dermatologic diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and ichthyoses was summarized in this article.
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12
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Shibata A, Akiyama M. Epidemiology, medical genetics, diagnosis and treatment of harlequin ichthyosis in Japan. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:516-22. [PMID: 25857373 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ichthyoses are a group of disorders marked by whitish, brown or dark-brown scales on the skin of almost the whole body. Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is the most severe form. Neonatal death from HI was once common. Due to intensive neonatal care and, probably, to the early introduction of oral retinoids, HI outcome has improved. For definitive diagnosis and the exclusion of other disorders, such as lamellar ichthyosis, which also shows a collodion baby phenotype, it is helpful to refer to electron microscopy of abnormal or absent lamellar granules and a heavy accumulation of lipid droplets in the keratinocytes. ATP-binding cassette transporter A12 (ABCA12) is known as the causative gene of HI. Severe ABCA12 deficiency results in malformation of intercellular lipid layers in the cornified layers and leads to epidermal lipid barrier disruption. In HI patients, at least one mutation on each allele must be a truncation or deletion mutation to cause serious loss of ABCA12 function. Identification of the gene underlying HI has enabled DNA-based prenatal diagnosis for HI at the earlier stages of pregnancy with low risk. There are no curative treatments for HI. Abca12-deficient mice were created as a model of HI. Treatment of the model mice with retinoid or steroid has not been successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitaka Shibata
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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13
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Sugiura K, Akiyama M. Update on autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: mRNA analysis using hair samples is a powerful tool for genetic diagnosis. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 79:4-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Haslam IS, El-Chami C, Faruqi H, Shahmalak A, O'Neill CA, Paus R. Differential expression and functionality of ATP-binding cassette transporters in the human hair follicle. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:1562-1572. [PMID: 25418064 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in the active transport of an extremely diverse range of substrates across biological membranes. These transporters are commonly implicated in the development of multidrug resistance and are also involved in numerous physiological and homeostatic processes, including lipid transport, cell migration and differentiation. OBJECTIVES To close the knowledge gap in the expression of ABC transporters in the human hair follicle (HF). METHODS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of ABC genes and immunofluorescence microscopy analysis of cryosections of human HFs. RESULTS By qPCR analysis, numerous members of the ABC transporter superfamily, such as ABCB1, ABCG2 and ABCA12, were found to be transcribed in full-length human scalp HFs. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the intrafollicular protein expression of different xenobiotic ABC transporters (ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCG2) varies greatly, with ABCG2 expression restricted primarily to the epithelial stem cell region of the outer root sheath (bulge), whereas expression of ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCC4 was more widespread. Lipid transporters ABCA1, ABCA12 and ABCA4 were almost uniformly expressed throughout the HF epithelium. Functional ABCB1/G2 activity was demonstrated by exclusion of the substrate dye, Hoechst 33342. In the bulge, this was reversed by ABCB1 and ABCG2 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS These data encourage further investigation of ABC transporters as potentially important regulators of HF epithelial biology. Clinically, pharmacological modulation of the activity of selected intrafollicular ABC transporters may permit novel therapeutic interventions, such as protecting HF stem cells from chemotherapy-induced damage, counteracting cholesterol-associated hypertrichosis, and manipulating the intrafollicular prostaglandin balance in androgenetic alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Haslam
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - C El-Chami
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - H Faruqi
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - A Shahmalak
- Crown Cosma Clinic, Thorley House, Bailey Lane, Manchester, U.K
| | - C A O'Neill
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - R Paus
- The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Rajagopal MD, Ch Toi P, Plakkal N, Ayyanar P. Harlequin Infant Born to a Varicella Infected Mother: A Case Report. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2015; 34:241-7. [PMID: 26083791 DOI: 10.3109/15513815.2015.1051253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Harlequin ichthyosis is a rare, severe form of congenital ichthyosis characterised by distinct physical appearance of the infant. It has occurrence of 1 in 1 million births and over 100 cases have been reported so far. It is caused by mutation in ABCA12 gene involved in lipid transport leading to profound thickening of stratum corneum. The mainstay of management relies on supportive care & administration of retinoid derivatives. Outcome is usually fatal and most of the babies die during neonatal period. In this article, we report a case of harlequin baby born of non-consanguineous marriage with history of chicken pox in the mother during first trimester of pregnancy.
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Cottle DL, Ursino GMA, Ip SCI, Jones LK, Ditommaso T, Hacking DF, Mangan NE, Mellett NA, Henley KJ, Sviridov D, Nold-Petry CA, Nold MF, Meikle PJ, Kile BT, Smyth IM. Fetal inhibition of inflammation improves disease phenotypes in harlequin ichthyosis. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:436-49. [PMID: 25209981 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a severe skin disease which leads to neonatal death in ∼50% of cases. It is the result of mutations in ABCA12, a protein that transports lipids required to establish the protective skin barrier needed after birth. To better understand the life-threatening newborn HI phenotype, we analysed the developing epidermis for consequences of lipid dysregulation in mouse models. We observed a pro-inflammatory signature which was characterized by chemokine upregulation in embryonic skin which is distinct from that seen in other types of ichthyosis. Inflammation also persisted in grafted HI skin. To examine the contribution of inflammation to disease development, we overexpressed interleukin-37b to globally suppress fetal inflammation, observing considerable improvements in keratinocyte differentiation. These studies highlight inflammation as an unexpected contributor to HI disease development in utero, and suggest that inhibiting inflammation may reduce disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas F Hacking
- Department of Anaesthetics, Saint Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Natalie A Mellett
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Katya J Henley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Claudia A Nold-Petry
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Marcel F Nold
- The Ritchie Centre, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia and
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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17
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Discovery in genetic skin disease: the impact of high throughput genetic technologies. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:615-34. [PMID: 25093584 PMCID: PMC4198921 DOI: 10.3390/genes5030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen considerable advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of skin disease, as a consequence of high throughput sequencing technologies including next generation sequencing and whole exome sequencing. We have now determined the genes underlying several monogenic diseases, such as harlequin ichthyosis, Olmsted syndrome, and exfoliative ichthyosis, which have provided unique insights into the structure and function of the skin. In addition, through genome wide association studies we now have an understanding of how low penetrance variants contribute to inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis, and how they contribute to underlying pathophysiological disease processes. In this review we discuss strategies used to unravel the genes underlying both monogenic and complex trait skin diseases in the last 10 years and the implications on mechanistic studies, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
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Koochek A, Choate KA, Milstone LM. Harlequin ichthyosis: neonatal management and identification of a new ABCA12 mutation. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31:e63-4. [PMID: 24274932 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A case of harlequin ichthyosis with compound heterozygous mutations in ABCA12 was successfully managed with intensive neonatal care and endotracheal intubation and without oral retinoids. The individual's appearance improved dramatically during hospitalization and at discharge resembled congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Koochek
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Shibata A, Ogawa Y, Sugiura K, Muro Y, Abe R, Suzuki T, Akiyama M. High survival rate of harlequin ichthyosis in Japan. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 70:387-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Haller JF, Cavallaro P, Hernandez NJ, Dolat L, Soscia SJ, Welti R, Grabowski GA, Fitzgerald ML, Freeman MW. Endogenous β-glucocerebrosidase activity in Abca12⁻/⁻epidermis elevates ceramide levels after topical lipid application but does not restore barrier function. J Lipid Res 2013; 55:493-503. [PMID: 24293640 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m044941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCA12 mutations disrupt the skin barrier and cause harlequin ichthyosis. We previously showed Abca12(-/-) skin has increased glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and correspondingly lower amounts of ceramide (Cer). To examine why loss of ABCA12 leads to accumulation of GlcCer, de novo sphingolipid synthesis was assayed using [(14)C]serine labeling in ex vivo skin cultures. A defect was found in β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) processing of newly synthesized GlcCer species. This was not due to a decline in GCase function. Abca12(-/-) epidermis had 5-fold more GCase protein (n = 4, P < 0.01), and a 5-fold increase in GCase activity (n = 3, P < 0.05). As with Abca12(+/+) epidermis, immunostaining in null skin showed a typical interstitial distribution of the GCase protein in the Abca12(-/-) stratum corneum. Hence, we tested whether the block in GlcCer conversion could be circumvented by topically providing GlcCer. This approach restored up to 15% of the lost Cer products of GCase activity in the Abca12(-/-) epidermis. However, this level of barrier ceramide replacement did not significantly reduce trans-epidermal water loss function. Our results indicate loss of ABCA12 function results in a failure of precursor GlcCer substrate to productively interact with an intact GCase enzyme, and they support a model of ABCA12 function that is critical for transporting GlcCer into lamellar bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F Haller
- Lipid Metabolism Unit and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
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21
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Improving outcomes for harlequin ichthyosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69:808-809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Akiyama M. The roles of ABCA12 in epidermal lipid barrier formation and keratinocyte differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:435-40. [PMID: 23954554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters form a large superfamily of transporters that bind and hydrolyze ATP to transport various molecules across limiting membranes or into vesicles. The ABCA subfamily members are thought to transport lipid materials. ABCA12 is a keratinocyte transmembrane lipid transporter protein associated with the transport of lipids via lamellar granules. ABCA12 is considered to transport lipids including ceramides to form extracellular lipid layers in the stratum corneum of the epidermis, which is essential for skin barrier function. ABCA12 mutations are known to underlie the three major types of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses: harlequin ichthyosis, lamellar ichthyosis and congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. ABCA12 mutations result in defective lipid transport via lamellar granules in the keratinocytes, leading to ichthyosis phenotypes from malformation of the stratum corneum lipid barrier. Studies on ABCA12-deficient bioengineered models have revealed that lipid transport by ABCA12 is required for keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal morphogenesis. Defective lipid transport due to loss of ABCA12 function leads to the accumulation of intracellular lipids, including glucosylceramides and gangliosides, in the epidermal keratinocytes. The accumulation of gangliosides seems to result in the apoptosis of Abca12(-/-) keratinocytes. It was reported that AKT activation occurs in Abca12(-/-) granular-layer keratinocytes, which suggests that AKT activation serves to prevent the cell death of Abca12(-/-) keratinocytes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled The Important Role of Lipids in the Epidermis and their Role in the Formation and Maintenance of the Cutaneous Barrier. Guest Editors: Kenneth R. Feingold and Peter Elias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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23
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Fu Y, Mukhamedova N, Ip S, D'Souza W, Henley KJ, DiTommaso T, Kesani R, Ditiatkovski M, Jones L, Lane RM, Jennings G, Smyth IM, Kile BT, Sviridov D. ABCA12 regulates ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux from macrophages and the development of atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2013; 18:225-38. [PMID: 23931754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABCA12 is involved in the transport of ceramides in skin, but it may play a wider role in lipid metabolism. We show that, in Abca12-deficient macrophages, cholesterol efflux failed to respond to activation with LXR agonists. Abca12 deficiency caused a reduction in the abundance of Abca1, Abcg1, and Lxrβ. Overexpression of Lxrβ reversed the effects. Mechanistically, Abca12 deficiency did not affect expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. Instead, a physical association between Abca1, Abca12, and Lxrβ proteins was established. Abca12 deficiency enhanced interaction between Abca1 and Lxrβ and the degradation of Abca1. Overexpression of ABCA12 in HeLa-ABCA1 cells increased the abundance and stability of ABCA1. Abca12 deficiency caused an accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages and the formation of foam cells, impaired reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, and increased the development of atherosclerosis in irradiated Apoe(-/-) mice reconstituted with Apoe(-/-)Abca12(-/-) bone marrow. Thus, ABCA12 regulates the cellular cholesterol metabolism via an LXRβ-dependent posttranscriptional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013; 104:270-84. [PMID: 23562412 DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The term autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) refers to a group of rare disorders of keratinization classified as nonsyndromic forms of ichthyosis. This group was traditionally divided into lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE) but today it also includes harlequin ichthyosis, self-healing collodion baby, acral self-healing collodion baby, and bathing suit ichthyosis. The combined prevalence of LI and CIE has been estimated at 1 case per 138 000 to 300 000 population. In some countries or regions, such as Norway and the coast of Galicia, the prevalence may be higher due to founder effects. ARCI is genetically highly heterogeneous and has been associated with 6 genes to date: TGM1, ALOXE3, ALOX12B, NIPAL4, CYP4F22, and ABCA12. In this article, we review the current knowledge on ARCI, with a focus on clinical, histological, ultrastructural, genetic, molecular, and treatment-related aspects.
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Takeichi T, Sugiura K, Matsuda K, Kono M, Akiyama M. Novel ABCA12 splice site deletion mutation and ABCA12 mRNA analysis of pulled hair samples in harlequin ichthyosis. J Dermatol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Ukawa S, Araki A, Kanazawa A, Yuasa M, Kishi R. The relationship between atopic dermatitis and indoor environmental factors: a cross-sectional study among Japanese elementary school children. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2012; 86:777-87. [PMID: 22955908 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-012-0814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine that home environmental factors were associated with atopic dermatitis in Japanese elementary school children. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 4,254 children in 12 public elementary schools in Sapporo city in Hokkaido, Japan were examined. Atopic dermatitis was defined using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The questionnaires also contained 14 questions about the child's home environment. To obtain multivariate-adjusted ORs for atopic dermatitis in relation to the home environment, we controlled for possible confounders including gender, school grade, parental history of allergies, number of siblings, and whether the child was firstborn. The study participants were then divided into two groups according to gender, and a stratified analysis was performed to obtain adjusted ORs for atopic dermatitis in relation to the home environment. RESULTS The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in our sample was 16.7 %. Using fully adjusted models, the risk factors for atopic dermatitis were found to be the household use of a non-electric heating system without a ventilation duct to the outside (compared to the use of an electric heating system), having visible mould in the house, having a mouldy odour in the house, and condensation on the windowpanes in the house odds ratios (OR 1.25-1.54). In our stratified analysis, having visible mould and having a mouldy odour in the house were relevantly found to be risk factors for boys (OR 1.28-1.64). However, these associations were not found among girls. CONCLUSIONS To improve children's health, further study is needed to corroborate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ukawa
- Department of Public Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
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28
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Harlequin ichthyosis: ABCA12 mutations underlie defective lipid transport, reduced protease regulation and skin-barrier dysfunction. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 351:281-8. [PMID: 22864982 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a devastating autosomal recessive congenital skin disease. It has been vital to elucidate the biological importance of the protein ABCA12 in skin-barrier permeability, following the discovery that ABCA12 gene mutations can result in this rare disease. ATP-binding cassette transporter A12 (ABCA12) is a member of the subfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters and functions to transport lipid glucosylceramides (GlcCer) to the extracellular space through lamellar granules (LGs). GlcCer are hydrolysed into hydroxyceramides extracellularly and constitute a portion of the extracellular lamellar membrane, lipid envelope and lamellar granules. In HI skin, loss of function of ABCA12 due to null mutations results in impaired lipid lamellar membrane formation in the cornified layer, leading to defective permeability of the skin barrier. In addition, abnormal lamellar granule formation (distorted shape, reduced in number or absent) could further cause aberrant production of LG-associated desquamation enzymes, which are likely to contribute to the impaired skin barrier in HI. This article reviews current opinions on the patho-mechanisms of ABCA12 action in HI and potential therapeutic interventions based on targeted molecular therapy and gene therapy strategies.
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Tran QT, Kennedy LH, Leon Carrion S, Bodreddigari S, Goodwin SB, Sutter CH, Sutter TR. EGFR regulation of epidermal barrier function. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:455-69. [PMID: 22395315 PMCID: PMC3339861 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00176.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte terminal differentiation is the process that ultimately forms the epidermal barrier that is essential for mammalian survival. This process is controlled, in part, by signal transduction and gene expression mechanisms, and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to be an important regulator of multiple epidermal functions. Using microarray analysis of a confluent cell density-induced model of keratinocyte differentiation, we identified 2,676 genes that are regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF), a ligand of the EGFR. We further discovered, and separately confirmed by functional assays, that EGFR activation abrogates all of the known essential processes of keratinocyte differentiation by 1) decreasing the expression of lipid matrix biosynthetic enzymes, 2) regulating numerous genes forming the cornified envelope, and 3) suppressing the expression of tight junction proteins. In organotypic cultures of skin, EGF acted to impair epidermal barrier integrity, as shown by increased transepidermal water loss. As defective epidermal differentiation and disruption of barrier function are primary features of many human skin diseases, we used bioinformatic analyses to identify genes that are known to be associated with skin diseases. Compared with non-EGF-regulated genes, EGF-regulated genes were significantly enriched for skin disease genes. These results provide a systems-level understanding of the actions of EGFR signaling to inhibit keratinocyte differentiation, providing new insight into the role of EGFR imbalance in skin pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh T Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152,USA
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31
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Jennemann R, Rabionet M, Gorgas K, Epstein S, Dalpke A, Rothermel U, Bayerle A, van der Hoeven F, Imgrund S, Kirsch J, Nickel W, Willecke K, Riezman H, Gröne HJ, Sandhoff R. Loss of ceramide synthase 3 causes lethal skin barrier disruption. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:586-608. [PMID: 22038835 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The stratum corneum as the outermost epidermal layer protects against exsiccation and infection. Both the underlying cornified envelope (CE) and the intercellular lipid matrix contribute essentially to these two main protective barriers. Epidermis-unique ceramides with ultra-long-chain acyl moities (ULC-Cers) are key components of extracellular lipid lamellae (ELL) and are bound to CE proteins, thereby contributing to the cornified lipid envelope (CLE). Here, we identified human and mouse ceramide synthase 3 (CerS3), among CerS1-6, to be exclusively required for the ULC-Cer synthesis in vitro and of mouse CerS3 in vivo. Deficiency of CerS3 in mice results in complete loss of ULC-Cers (≥C26), lack of continuous ELL and a non-functional CLE. Consequently, newborn mutant mice die shortly after birth from transepidermal water loss. Mutant skin is prone to Candida albicans infection highlighting ULC-Cers to be pivotal for both barrier functions. Persistent periderm, hyperkeratosis and deficient cornification are hallmarks of mutant skin demonstrating loss of Cers to trigger a keratinocyte maturation arrest at an embryonic pre-barrier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jennemann
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Irvine
- National Children's Research Centre and Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, and Trinity College, Dublin, United Kingdom
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33
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34
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Akiyama M. Updated molecular genetics and pathogenesis of ichthiyoses. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2011; 73:79-90. [PMID: 21928690 PMCID: PMC4831217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Research into the molecular genetics and pathomechanisms of ichthyoses have advanced considerably, resulting in the identification of several causative genes and molecules underlying the disease. In 2009, the First Ichthyosis Consensus Conference was held to establish a consensus for the nomenclature and classification of inherited ichthyoses, by which an international consensus for the classification of inherited ichthyosis was achieved. In this review, the pathogeneses of various ichthyoses are summarized based on their revised classification and terminology. Skin barrier defects are involved in the pathogenesis of various types of ichthyosis. The known causative molecules underlying ichthyosis include ABCA12, lipoxygenase-3, 12R-lipoxygenase, CYP4F22, ichthyin and steroid sulfatase, all of which are thought to be related to the intercellular lipid layers. ABCA12 is a known keratinocyte lipid transporter associated with lipid transport in lamellar granules and a loss of ABCA12 function leads to defective lipid transport in the keratinocytes, resulting in the most severe, harlequin ichthyosis phenotype. Other causative molecules for ichthyoses are transglutaminase 1, keratins and filaggrin. Transglutaminase 1 plays a role in cornified cell envelope formation. Keratins 1, 10 and 2 are involved in the keratin network of suprabasal keratinocytes and filaggrin is essential for the formation of keratohyalin granules. It is important to obtain information concerning genetic defects and to elucidate ichthyotic disease pathomechanisms for the establishment of an effective therapy and beneficial genetic counseling, including a prenatal diagnosis for families affected by ichthyotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- K Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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36
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Akiyama M. The roles of ABCA12 in keratinocyte differentiation and lipid barrier formation in the epidermis. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 3:107-12. [PMID: 21695020 PMCID: PMC3117010 DOI: 10.4161/derm.3.2.15136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ABCA12 is a member of the large superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which bind and hydrolyze ATP to transport various molecules across limiting membranes or into vesicles. The ABCA subfamily members are thought to be lipid transporters. ABCA12 is a keratinocyte transmembrane lipid transporter protein associated with the transport of lipids in lamellar granules to the apical surface of granular layer keratinocytes. Extracellular lipids, including ceramide, are thought to be essential for skin barrier function. ABCA12 mutations are known to underlie the three main types of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses: harlequin ichthyosis, lamellar ichthyosis and congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. ABCA12 mutations lead to defective lipid transport via lamellar granules in the keratinocytes, resulting in malformation of the epidermal lipid barrier and ichthyosis phenotypes. Studies of ABCA12-deficient model mice indicate that lipid transport by ABCA12 is also indispensable for intact differentiation of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya, Japan
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37
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Akiyama M. ABCA12 mutations and autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: A review of genotype/phenotype correlations and of pathogenetic conceptsa. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:1090-6. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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