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Guleken Z, Ceylan Z, Aday A, Bayrak AG, Hindilerden İY, Nalçacı M, Jakubczyk P, Jakubczyk D, Kula-Maximenko M, Depciuch J. Detection of primary myelofibrosis in blood serum via Raman spectroscopy assisted by machine learning approaches; correlation with clinical diagnosis. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 53:102706. [PMID: 37633405 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PM) is one of the myeloproliferative neoplasm, where stem cell-derived clonal neoplasms was noticed. Diagnosis of this disease is based on: physical examination, peripheral blood findings, bone marrow morphology, cytogenetics, and molecular markers. However, the molecular marker of PM, which is a mutation in the JAK2V617F gene, was observed also in other myeloproliferative neoplasms such as polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. Therefore, there is a need to find methods that provide a marker unique to PM and allow for higher accuracy of PM diagnosis and consequently the treatment of the disease. Continuing, in this study, we used Raman spectroscopy, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis as helpful diagnostic tools for PM. Consequently, we used serum collected from PM patients, which were classified using clinical parameters of PM such as the dynamic international prognostic scoring system (DIPSS) for primary myelofibrosis plus score, the JAK2V617F mutation, spleen size, bone marrow reticulin fibrosis degree and use of hydroxyurea drug features. Raman spectra showed higher amounts of C-H, C-C and C-C/C-N and amide II and lower amounts of amide I and vibrations of CH3 groups in PM patients than in healthy ones. Furthermore, shifts of amides II and I vibrations in PM patients were noticed. Machine learning methods were used to analyze Raman regions: (i) 800 cm-1 and 1800 cm-1, (ii) 1600 cm-1-1700 cm-1, and (iii) 2700 cm-1-3000 cm-1 showed 100 % accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Differences in the spectral dynamic showed that differences in the amide II and amide I regions were the most significant in distinguishing between PM and healthy subjects. Importantly, until now, the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy has not been established in clinical diagnostics of PM disease using the correlation between Raman spectra and PM clinical prognostic scoring. Continuing, our results showed the correlation between Raman signals and bone marrow fibrosis, as well as JAKV617F. Consequently, the results revealed that Raman spectroscopy has a high potential for use in medical laboratory diagnostics to quantify multiple biomarkers simultaneously, especially in the selected Raman regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zozan Guleken
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University, Gaziantep, Turkey; Faculty of Medicine, Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Zeynep Ceylan
- Samsun University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aynur Aday
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gül Bayrak
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Turkey
| | - İpek Yönal Hindilerden
- Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Turkey
| | - Meliha Nalçacı
- Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Turkey
| | | | - Dorota Jakubczyk
- Faculty of Mathematics and Applied Physics, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstancow Warszawy 12, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Monika Kula-Maximenko
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, 31342 Krakow, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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2
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Saleiro D, Kosciuczuk EM, Fischietti M, Perez RE, Yang GS, Eckerdt F, Beauchamp EM, Hou Y, Wang Q, Weinberg RS, Fish EN, Yue F, Hoffman R, Platanias LC. Targeting CHAF1B Enhances IFN Activity against Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Cells. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:943-951. [PMID: 37377894 PMCID: PMC10231401 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with potent antineoplastic and antiviral properties. IFNα has significant clinical activity in the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), but the precise mechanisms by which it acts are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit B (CHAF1B), an Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1)-interactive protein in the nuclear compartment of malignant cells, is overexpressed in patients with MPN. Remarkably, targeted silencing of CHAF1B enhances transcription of IFNα-stimulated genes and promotes IFNα-dependent antineoplastic responses in primary MPN progenitor cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that CHAF1B is a promising newly identified therapeutic target in MPN and that CHAF1B inhibition in combination with IFNα therapy might offer a novel strategy for treating patients with MPN. Significance Our findings raise the potential for clinical development of drugs targeting CHAF1B to enhance IFN antitumor responses in the treatment of patients with MPN and should have important clinical translational implications for the treatment of MPN and possibly in other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Saleiro
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ewa M. Kosciuczuk
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mariafausta Fischietti
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ricardo E. Perez
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - G. Sohae Yang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Frank Eckerdt
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elspeth M. Beauchamp
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ye Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qixuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rona Singer Weinberg
- The New York Blood Center, New York, New York
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research Consortium, New York, New York
| | - Eleanor N. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network & Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feng Yue
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research Consortium, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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3
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Van Egeren D, Escabi J, Nguyen M, Liu S, Reilly CR, Patel S, Kamaz B, Kalyva M, DeAngelo DJ, Galinsky I, Wadleigh M, Winer ES, Luskin MR, Stone RM, Garcia JS, Hobbs GS, Camargo FD, Michor F, Mullally A, Cortes-Ciriano I, Hormoz S. Reconstructing the Lineage Histories and Differentiation Trajectories of Individual Cancer Cells in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:514-523.e9. [PMID: 33621486 PMCID: PMC7939520 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Some cancers originate from a single mutation event in a single cell. Blood cancers known as myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are thought to originate when a driver mutation is acquired by a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). However, when the mutation first occurs in individuals and how it affects the behavior of HSCs in their native context is not known. Here we quantified the effect of the JAK2-V617F mutation on the self-renewal and differentiation dynamics of HSCs in treatment-naive individuals with MPNs and reconstructed lineage histories of individual HSCs using somatic mutation patterns. We found that JAK2-V617F mutations occurred in a single HSC several decades before MPN diagnosis-at age 9 ± 2 years in a 34-year-old individual and at age 19 ± 3 years in a 63-year-old individual-and found that mutant HSCs have a selective advantage in both individuals. These results highlight the potential of harnessing somatic mutations to reconstruct cancer lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Van Egeren
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Javier Escabi
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Research Scholar Initiative, Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Maximilian Nguyen
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shichen Liu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher R Reilly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sachin Patel
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Baransel Kamaz
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Kalyva
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Daniel J DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ilene Galinsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Martha Wadleigh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eric S Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marlise R Luskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Richard M Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacqueline S Garcia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gabriela S Hobbs
- Leukemia Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ann Mullally
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Isidro Cortes-Ciriano
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK.
| | - Sahand Hormoz
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Shah MV, Patel KP, Luthra R, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Mehrotra M, Bachegowda LS, Champlin RE, Verstovsek S, Popat UR. Sensitive PCR-based monitoring and early detection of relapsed JAK2 V617F myelofibrosis following transplantation. Br J Haematol 2017; 183:831-835. [PMID: 29265180 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mithun V Shah
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keyur P Patel
- Department of Hematopathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raja Luthra
- Department of Hematopathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Department of Hematopathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meenakshi Mehrotra
- Department of Hematopathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lohith S Bachegowda
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard E Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Uday R Popat
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Nystrand CF, Ghanima W, Waage A, Jonassen CM. JAK2 V617F mutation can be reliably detected in serum using droplet digital PCR. Int J Lab Hematol 2017; 40:181-186. [PMID: 29150911 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Detection of the JAK2 V617F mutation is a key step in the diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Sensitive real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) detection on peripheral blood (PB) is the most widely used method. The main objective of this study was to determine whether serum, the most common material available in archival biobanks, is a good liquid biopsy for detecting and quantifying the JAK2 V617F mutation using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). METHODS Paired PB and serum samples from 66 patients with MPN were used. Serum samples were frozen at -25°C before analysis. DNA was extracted from 200 μL PB and 400 μL serum, and ddPCR analysis was performed. RESULTS Among the 47 patients with detectable mutation in their PB samples, the overall sensitivity for the detection of JAK2 mutation in serum was of 96% (45 of 47); V617F was detected in all cases where mutation load was above 1%. Our results showed very strong correlation between PB and serum (Spearman r: 0.989, P < .0001). Significantly higher allele burden was detected in serum compared to PB (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, Z = -5.672, P < .0001). CONCLUSION In our study, JAK2 V617F mutation load as low as 1% was reliably detected in serum using ddPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Nystrand
- Centre for Laboratory medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | - W Ghanima
- Department of Oncology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Waage
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Haematology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - C M Jonassen
- Centre for Laboratory medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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6
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Sholl LM, Longtine J, Kuo FC. Molecular Analysis of Gene Rearrangements and Mutations in Acute Leukemias and Myeloid Neoplasms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 92:10.4.1-10.4.49. [PMID: 28075487 DOI: 10.1002/cphg.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A subset of acute leukemias and other myeloid neoplasms contains specific genetic alterations, many of which are associated with unique clinical and pathologic features. These alterations include chromosomal rearrangements leading to oncogenic fusion proteins or alteration of gene expression by juxtaposing oncogenes to enhancer elements, as well as mutations leading to aberrant activation of a variety of proteins critical to hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Molecular analysis is central to diagnosis and clinical management of leukemias, permitting genetic confirmation of a clinical and histologic impression, providing prognostic and predictive information, and facilitating detection of minimal residual disease. This unit will outline approaches to the molecular diagnosis of the most frequent and clinically relevant genetic alterations in acute leukemias and myeloid neoplasms. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank C Kuo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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7
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Ornellas MH, De França Silva M, Solza C, De Lucena Gonçalves SBS, Silva De Almeida L, De Paula Ayres-Silva J, Seixas TL, Bastos EF, Liehr T, Alves G. Myelodysplastic syndrome without ring sideroblasts and with Janus kinase 2 gene mutation: An unusual case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:227-230. [PMID: 27588186 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cases comprise a heterogeneous group of hematological disorders that are characterized by impaired hematopoiesis, with cytopenias of different grades and risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia. MDS may rarely be associated with thrombocytosis. In such cases, myelodysplasia and myeloproliferative disorders may overlap, making correct diagnosis difficult. We herein describe a case of MDS with thrombocytosis, Janus kinase 2 gene mutation-positive and Perls' staining-negative, which was initially classified as essential thrombocythemia (ET). This case highlights that MDS may be misdiagnosed as ET and inappropriate treatment may be initiated. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully combine all available data on morphology and immunophenotyping, and to perform the necessary molecular, cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analyses, in order to correctly diagnose this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Helena Ornellas
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Circulating Markers, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil; Graduation Course in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Monique De França Silva
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Circulating Markers, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Solza
- Department of Haematology, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital (HUPE), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20551-120, Brazil
| | | | - Liliane Silva De Almeida
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Circulating Markers, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil; Graduation Course in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Leite Seixas
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20551-120, Brazil
| | - Elenice Ferreira Bastos
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20551-120, Brazil; Department of Medical Genetic, Fernandes Figueira Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gilda Alves
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Circulating Markers, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil; Graduation Course in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil; Research Coordination, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
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8
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Hussaini M. Biomarkers in Hematological Malignancies: A Review of Molecular Testing in Hematopathology. Cancer Control 2016; 22:158-66. [PMID: 26068760 DOI: 10.1177/107327481502200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular interrogation of genetic information has transformed our understanding of disease and is now routinely integrated into the workup and monitoring of hematological malignancies. In this article, a brief but comprehensive review is presented of state-of-the-art testing in hematological disease. METHODS The primary medical literature and standard textbooks in the field were queried and reviewed to assess current practices and trends for molecular testing in hematopathology by disease. RESULTS Pertinent materials were summarized under appropriate disease categories. CONCLUSION Molecular testing is well entrenched in the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways for hematological malignancies, with rapid growth and insights emerging following the integration of next-generation sequencing into the clinical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hussaini
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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9
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Chen WC, Yuan JS, Xing Y, Mitchell A, Mbong N, Popescu AC, McLeod J, Gerhard G, Kennedy JA, Bogdanoski G, Lauriault S, Perdu S, Merkulova Y, Minden MD, Hogge DE, Guidos C, Dick JE, Wang JCY. An Integrated Analysis of Heterogeneous Drug Responses in Acute Myeloid Leukemia That Enables the Discovery of Predictive Biomarkers. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1214-24. [PMID: 26833125 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many promising new cancer drugs proceed through preclinical testing and early-phase trials only to fail in late-stage clinical testing. Thus, improved models that better predict survival outcomes and enable the development of biomarkers are needed to identify patients most likely to respond to and benefit from therapy. Here, we describe a comprehensive approach in which we incorporated biobanking, xenografting, and multiplexed phospho-flow (PF) cytometric profiling to study drug response and identify predictive biomarkers in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. To test the efficacy of our approach, we evaluated the investigational JAK2 inhibitor fedratinib (FED) in 64 patient samples. FED robustly reduced leukemia in mouse xenograft models in 59% of cases and was also effective in limiting the protumorigenic activity of leukemia stem cells as shown by serial transplantation assays. In parallel, PF profiling identified FED-mediated reduction in phospho-STAT5 (pSTAT5) levels as a predictive biomarker of in vivo drug response with high specificity (92%) and strong positive predictive value (93%). Unexpectedly, another JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib (RUX), was ineffective in 8 of 10 FED-responsive samples. Notably, this outcome could be predicted by the status of pSTAT5 signaling, which was unaffected by RUX treatment. Consistent with this observed discrepancy, PF analysis revealed that FED exerted its effects through multiple JAK2-independent mechanisms. Collectively, this work establishes an integrated approach for testing novel anticancer agents that captures the inherent variability of response caused by disease heterogeneity and in parallel, facilitates the identification of predictive biomarkers that can help stratify patients into appropriate clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihsu C Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie S Yuan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yan Xing
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda Mitchell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan Mbong
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreea C Popescu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica McLeod
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gitte Gerhard
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James A Kennedy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Goce Bogdanoski
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stevan Lauriault
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofie Perdu
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yulia Merkulova
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna E Hogge
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cynthia Guidos
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean C Y Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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MAPK-induced Gab1 translocation to the plasma membrane depends on a regulated intramolecular switch. Cell Signal 2015; 27:340-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Tabassum N, Saboor M, Ghani R, Moinuddin M. Frequency of JAK2 V617F mutation in patients with Philadelphia positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 30:185-8. [PMID: 24639858 PMCID: PMC3955569 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.301.3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Co-existence of myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) and Janus associated kinase 2 mutation (JAK2 V617F) is a well-established fact. Only few case reports are available showing presence of JAK2 V617F mutation in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of JAK2 V617F mutation in Philadelphia Chromosome positive (Ph +) CML patients in Pakistan. Methods: The study was conducted from August 2009 to July 2010 at Civil Hospital and Baqai Institute of Hematology (BIH) Karachi. Blood samples from 25 patients with CML were collected. Multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for Breakpoint Cluster Region – Abelson (BCR-ABL) rearrangement. Conventional PCR was performed for JAK2 V617F mutation on BCR-ABL positive samples. Results: All 25 samples showed BCR-ABL rearrangement. Out of these 11 samples (44%) had JAK2 V617F mutation; the remaining 14 (56%) cases showed JAK2 617V wild type. Conclusion: It is concluded that the co-existence of Ph +CML and JAK2 V617F mutation is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najia Tabassum
- Najia Tabassum, Baqai Institute of Heamatology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Saboor
- Mohammed Saboor, Baqai Institute of Heamatology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Ghani
- Rubina Ghani, Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Institute of Heamatology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Moinuddin Moinuddin
- Moinuddin Moinuddin, Baqai Institute of Heamatology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Mason
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - Michael Griffiths
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
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13
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Alshemmari SH, Rajaan R, Ameen R, Al-Drees MA, Almosailleakh MR. JAK2V617F allele burden in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:791-6. [PMID: 24362471 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal malignant diseases that represent a group of conditions including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and myelofibrosis (MF). The JAK2-V617F mutation is prevalent in almost all patients with MPNs and has become a valuable biomarker for diagnosis of MPNs. A different allele burden in these entities has long been noticed. The aim of our study was to assess the JAK2 allele burden in our JAK2V617F positive cases and its association with phenotype if any and to select a simple, sensitive assay for use in our clinical molecular diagnostic laboratory. Methodologies reported in this literature include amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). We analyzed 174 cases by RQ-PCR for the quantification of JAK2V617F were initially screened by ARMS-PCR. We found that V617F allele burden in the entire population of patients was 73 % ranging from 0.97 to 95 %. The median V617F allele burden in PV patients was 40 %, MF was 95 %, and ET was 25 %. ARMS-PCR and RQ-PCR were proven to be sensitive since ARMS-PCR is a qualitative method; it can be used to screen JAK2V617F mutation and RQ-PCR was used to quantify the V617F cells. Our study suggests that JAK2V617F positivity is associated with MPNs, and its allele burden is an excellent diagnostic marker for disease subtypes, prognosis, disease phenotype and complication, and evolution. The data indicates that ARMS-PCR is simple and can be easily performed for the primary screening of JAK2V617F mutation, and RQ-PCR is sensitive enough to detect low mutant allele levels (>10 %), specific enough not to produce false positive results, and can be performed for the JAK2V617F allele burden quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem H Alshemmari
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait, P.O. BOX 24923-13110, Kuwait, Kuwait,
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14
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Wolf A, Eulenfeld R, Gäbler K, Rolvering C, Haan S, Behrmann I, Denecke B, Haan C, Schaper F. JAK2-V617F-induced MAPK activity is regulated by PI3K and acts synergistically with PI3K on the proliferation of JAK2-V617F-positive cells. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e24574. [PMID: 24069558 PMCID: PMC3772110 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.24574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of a constitutively active JAK2 mutant, namely JAK2-V617F, was a milestone in the understanding of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. The JAK2-V617F mutation confers cytokine hypersensitivity, constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, and cytokine-independent growth. In this study we investigated the mechanism of JAK2-V617F-dependent signaling with a special focus on the activation of the MAPK pathway. We observed JAK2-V617F-dependent deregulated activation of the multi-site docking protein Gab1 as indicated by constitutive, PI3K-dependent membrane localization and tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PI3K signaling regulates MAPK activation in JAK2-V617F-positve cells. This cross-regulation of the MAPK pathway by PI3K affects JAK2-V617F-specific target gene induction, erythroid colony formation, and regulates proliferation of JAK2-V617F-positive patient cells in a synergistically manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wolf
- Department of Systems Biology; Institute of Biology; Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg; Magdeburg, Germany ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; RWTH-Aachen University; Aachen, Germany
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15
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Collier P, Patel K, Waeltz P, Rupar M, Luthra R, Liu PCC, Hollis G, Huber R, Verstovsek S, Burn TC. Validation of standards for quantitative assessment of JAK2 c.1849G>T (p.V617F) allele burden analysis in clinical samples. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:429-37. [PMID: 23537216 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The substitution of valine with phenylalanine at amino acid 617 of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene (JAK2 p.V617F) occurs in a high proportion of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The ability to accurately measure JAK2 p.V617F allele burden is of great interest given the diagnostic relevance of the mutation and the ongoing clinical evaluation of JAK inhibitors. A main hurdle in developing quantitative assays for allele burden measurement is the unavailability of accurate standards for both assay validation and use in a standard curve for quantification. We describe our approach to the validation of standards for quantitative assessment of JAK2 p.V617F allele burden in clinical MPN samples. These standards were used in two JAK2 p.V617F assays, which were used to support clinical studies of ruxolitinib (Jakafi(®)) in myelofibrosis, a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for initial screening of all samples, and a novel single-nucleotide polymorphism typing (SNaPshot)-based assay for samples with less than 5% mutant allele burden. Comparisons of allele burden data from clinical samples generated with these assays show a high degree of concordance with each other and with a pyrosequencing-based assay used for clinical reporting from an independent laboratory, thus providing independent validation to the accuracy of these standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Collier
- Incyte Corporation, Route 141 and Henry Clay Road, Experimental Station E336/237B, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Harada
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
| | - Bruce R. Korf
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
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17
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Ochsenreither S, Reinwald M, Thiel E, Burmeister T. Melting Point Assay for the JAK2 V617F Mutation, Comparison with Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) in Diagnostic Samples, and Implications for Daily Routine. Mol Diagn Ther 2012; 14:185-90. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03256372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Huijsmans CJJ, Poodt J, Damen J, van der Linden JC, Savelkoul PHM, Pruijt JFM, Hilbink M, Hermans MHA. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) testing by real time PCR in patients suspect of myeloproliferative disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38362. [PMID: 22768290 PMCID: PMC3388082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During tumor development, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) often occurs. When LOH is preceded by an oncogene activating mutation, the mutant allele may be further potentiated if the wild-type allele is lost or inactivated. In myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) somatic acquisition of JAK2V617F may be followed by LOH resulting in loss of the wild type allele. The occurrence of LOH in MPN and other proliferative diseases may lead to a further potentiating the mutant allele and thereby increasing morbidity. A real time PCR based SNP profiling assay was developed and validated for LOH detection of the JAK2 region (JAK2LOH). Blood of a cohort of 12 JAK2V617F-positive patients (n=6 25-50% and n=6>50% JAK2V617F) and a cohort of 81 patients suspected of MPN was stored with EDTA and subsequently used for validation. To generate germ-line profiles, non-neoplastic formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from each patient was analyzed. Results of the SNP assay were compared to those of an established Short Tandem Repeat (STR) assay. Both assays revealed JAK2LOH in 1/6 patients with 25-50% JAK2V617F. In patients with >50% JAK2V617F, JAK2LOH was detected in 6/6 by the SNP assay and 5/6 patients by the STR assay. Of the 81 patients suspected of MPN, 18 patients carried JAK2V617F. Both the SNP and STR assay demonstrated the occurrence of JAK2LOH in 5 of them. In the 63 JAK2V617F-negative patients, no JAK2LOH was observed by SNP and STR analyses. The presented SNP assay reliably detects JAK2LOH and is a fast and easy to perform alternative for STR analyses. We therefore anticipate the SNP approach as a proof of principle for the development of LOH SNP-assays for other clinically relevant LOH loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J J Huijsmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
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19
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Minnucci G, Amicarelli G, Salmoiraghi S, Spinelli O, Guinea Montalvo ML, Giussani U, Adlerstein D, Rambaldi A. A novel, highly sensitive and rapid allele-specific loop-mediated amplification assay for the detection of the JAK2V617F mutation in chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. Haematologica 2012; 97:1394-400. [PMID: 22315499 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.056184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of the JAK2V617F mutation is mandatory in the diagnostic work-up of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Several molecular techniques to detect this mutation are currently available, but each of them has some limits. DESIGN AND METHODS We set up a novel molecular method for the identification of the JAK2V617F mutation based on an allele-specific loop-mediated amplification, not polymerase chain reaction analysis. This innovative technique amplifies DNA targets under isothermal conditions with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity. The method does not require either a thermal cycler or gel separation and the DNA amplification reaction is visible to the naked eye and can be monitored by turbidimetry. This method was validated on DNA from cell lines as well as from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. The results were compared with those obtained by conventional polymerase chain reaction methods. RESULTS This assay detects, within 1 hour, the JAK2V617F mutation down to an allele burden of 0.1-0.01%. All samples positive by polymerase chain reaction (n=146) proved positive when tested by allele-specific loop-mediated amplification and none of the 80 negative controls gave false positive results. In addition, six patients with essential thrombocythemia previously diagnosed as being JAK2V617F negative by polymerase chain reaction analysis were found to be positive (at a low level) by allele-specific loop-mediated amplification. Furthermore, this assay discriminated the amount of JAK2V617F tumor allele within intervals of positivity, above 50%, between 50% and 10% and below 10%. CONCLUSIONS Allele-specific loop-mediated amplification is a simple, robust and easily applicable method for the molecular diagnosis and monitoring of JAK2V617F mutation in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Minnucci
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy
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20
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da Silva RR, Domingues Hatzlhofer BL, Machado CGDF, Lima ASDM, de Albuquerque DM, dos Santos MNN, Fertrin KY, Costa FF, Araújo ADS, Bezerra MAC. JAK2 V617F mutation prevalence in myeloproliferative neoplasms in Pernambuco, Brazil. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:802-5. [PMID: 22304488 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The JAK2 V617F mutation is associated with three myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs): polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). It generates an unregulated clonal hematopoietic progenitor and leads to abnormal increased proliferation of one or more myeloid lineages. Subjects bearing this mutation may present more frequently with complications such as thrombosis and bleeding, and no specific treatment has yet been developed for BCR-ABL-negative JAK2 V617F-negative MPNs. AIMS To determine the prevalence of JAK2 V617F in MPNs in Pernambuco, Brazil, and to compare it with previous studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS 144 blood samples were collected at the Hospital of Hematology of the HEMOPE Foundation and were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism with BsaXI enzymatic digestion. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 88% (46/52) of the patients with PV, 47% (39/81) with ET, and 77% (8/11) with PMF were positive for JAK2 V617F, while more than 35% of the individuals were JAK2 V617F-negative, confirming a high prevalence of this abnormality in MPNs, more frequently with a low mutated allele burden, similar to what has been reported in other Western countries, despite differences among methods used to detect this mutation. Screening for JAK2 V617F may allow specific management of these diseases with JAK2 inhibitors in the future and highlights the need for further studies on the pathogenesis of BCR-ABL-negative JAK2 V617F-negative MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ramos da Silva
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil
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Vlachaki E, Kalogeridis A, Neokleous N, Perifanis V, Klonizakis F, Ioannidou E, Klonizakis I. Absence of JAK2V617F mutation in patients with beta-thalassemia major and thrombocytosis due to splenectomy. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:6101-5. [PMID: 22203487 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The report of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) mutations in myeloid malignancies with high frequency in myeloproliferative neoplasms has been well known since 2005. By monitoring allele burden, it is found that the expression of JAK2V617F mutation is increasing significantly from essential thrombocytosis to polycythemia vera. Furthermore, JAK2 abnormalities are reported in the majority of unexplained thrombotic episodes. Thalassemic syndromes are characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis and thrombocytosis, mainly due to splenectomy. The high incidence of thromboembolic events has led to the identification of a prothrombotic state in these patients. The contribution of JAK2 mutations to the hypercoagulable state of thalassemic patients is still unknown. Furthermore, the potential role of Janus Kinase mutations in hepcidin expression and consequently in ineffective erythropoiesis is still under investigation. This study was scheduled to determine whether the presence of JAK2V617F mutation in thalassemic patients is associated with thrombocytosis. We studied 20 patients DNA with beta-thalassemia for JAK2V617F mutation by using RG-PCR method. None of the patients were positive for this particular mutation. More studies are needed to prove the role of JAK2 in ineffective erythropoiesis, iron metabolism and thrombocytosis and to determine if using JAK2 inhibitors in thalassemic patients can be a potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vlachaki
- Thalassemia Unit, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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22
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Zhao AH, Gao R, Zhao ZJ. Development of a highly sensitive method for detection of JAK2V617F. J Hematol Oncol 2011; 4:40. [PMID: 21985400 PMCID: PMC3207960 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-4-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ph- myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) represent a heterogeneous group of chronic diseases characterized by increased expansion of hematopoietic cells of the myeloid lineage. JAK2V617F, an activation mutation form of tyrosine kinase JAK2, is found in the majority of patients with MPNs. Studies have demonstrated that JAK2V617F can cause MPNs, and various methods have been developed to detect JAK2V617F for diagnostic purposes. However, a highly sensitive method is still needed for the earliest possible detection and for disease prevention and treatment. Methods In the present study, we developed a method dubbed restriction fragment nested allele-specific PCR (RFN-AS-PCR). The method consists of three steps: 1) initial amplification of DNA samples with PCR primers surrounding the JAK2V617F mutation site, 2) digestion of the PCR products with restriction enzyme BsaXI which only cleaves the wild type allele, and 3) detection of JAK2V617F by allele-specific PCR with nested primers. Results We tested the sensitivity of the method by using purified plasmid DNAs and blood cell DNAs containing known proportions of JAK2V617F. We were able to detect JAK2V617F with a sensitivity of 0.001%. We further analyzed blood cell DNA samples from 105 healthy donors with normal blood cell counts and found three JAK2V617F-positive cases, which would have remained undetected using a less sensitive method. Conclusions We have developed a highly sensitive method that will allow for detection of JAK2V617F at a very early stage. This method may have major implications in diagnosis and prevention of MPNs and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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23
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Cao HC, Lin J, Qian J, Yao DM, Li Y, Yang J, Chen Q, Chai HY, Xiao GF. Detection of the JAK2 mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms by asymmetric PCR with unlabeled probe and high-resolution melt analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2011; 25:300-4. [PMID: 21786333 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several methods have been established to detect the JAK2 V617F mutation, a frequent event involved in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). High-resolution melt (HRM) analysis is a newly established technique without the requirement of any gel-based post-PCR handling. METHODS An asymmetric PCR with unlabeled specific probe was developed and combined to HRM analysis o screen for JAK2 V617F mutation. RESULTS Heterozygous mutation was easily distinguished from homozygous JAK2 for the obvious shape change. Homozygous JAK2 mutant can be also well separated from wild-type JAK2 in the presence of internal temperature calibrators. The easily recognizable and maximal sensitivity of HRM analysis was 5% for the detection of JAK2 V617F mutation, higher than 25% of direct sequencing. In the test of blind screening of 223 samples (111 Ph- MPNs, 60 Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia, and 52 acute myeloid leukemia), JAK2 V617F mutations were found in 78 (70%) patients with MPNs, but in none with chronic and acute myeloid leukemia. HRM analysis of all cases was fully concordant with the results of PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The HRM method with unlabeled probe could be used as convenient, sensitive and reliable diagnostic test for detection of JAK2 V617F mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Cui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Huijsmans CJJ, Poodt J, Savelkoul PHM, Hermans MHA. Sensitive detection and quantification of the JAK2V617F allele by real-time PCR blocking wild-type amplification by using a peptide nucleic acid oligonucleotide. J Mol Diagn 2011; 13:558-64. [PMID: 21723417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A single G-to-T missense mutation in the gene for the JAK2 tyrosine kinase, leading to a V617F amino acid substitution, is commonly found in several myeloproliferative neoplasms. Reliable quantification of this mutant allele is of increasing clinical and therapeutic interest in predicting and diagnosing this group of neoplasms. Because JAK2V617F is somatically acquired and may be followed by loss of heterozygosity, the percentage of mutant versus wild-type DNA in blood can vary between 0% and almost 100%. Therefore, we developed a real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification of the low-to-high range of the JAK2V617F allele burden. To allow the assay to meet these criteria, amplification of the wild-type JAK2 was blocked with a peptide nucleic acid oligonucleotide. JAK2V617F patient DNA diluted in JAK2 wild-type DNA could be amplified linearly from 0.05% to 100%, with acceptable reproducibility of quantification. The sensitivity of the assay was 0.05% (n = 3 of 3). In 9 of 100 healthy blood donors, a weak positive/background signal was observed in DNA isolated from blood, corresponding to approximately 0.01% JAK2V617F allele. In one healthy individual, we observed this signal in duplicate. The clinical relevance of this finding is not clear. By inhibiting amplification of the wild-type allele, we developed a sensitive and linear real-time PCR assay to detect and quantify JAK2V617F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J J Huijsmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
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25
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Shivarov V, Ivanova M, Hadjiev E, Naumova E. Rapid quantification of JAK2 V617F allele burden using a bead-based liquid assay with locked nucleic acid-modified oligonucleotide probes. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:2023-6. [PMID: 21702645 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.584995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Kristensen T, Vestergaard H, Møller MB. Improved detection of the KIT D816V mutation in patients with systemic mastocytosis using a quantitative and highly sensitive real-time qPCR assay. J Mol Diagn 2011; 13:180-8. [PMID: 21354053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) carry the somatic D816V mutation in the KIT gene. The KIT D816V mutation is one of the minor criteria for a diagnosis of SM according to the 2008 World Health Organization classification of myeloproliferative neoplasms. In the present study, we present a real-time qPCR assay that allows quantification of as little as 0.003% KIT D816V mutation-positive cells. A total of 61 samples from 31 cases of SM were included in the study. We detected the mutation in skin or bone marrow in 95% of the cases of SM. We demonstrate the clinical relevance of the assay by identifying as little as 0.03% mutation-positive cells in bone marrow aspirates from SM patients and calculate the analytical sensitivity of negative samples to determine the reliability of the result. We further demonstrate that this method also detects the KIT D816V mutation in peripheral blood in 81% of the mutation-positive cases with SM. The method also allows comparison of mutation-positive and mast cell fractions to determine whether the mutation is present in non-mast cells, a parameter that has recently been reported to be of prognostic importance in patients with indolent SM. Finally, the assay is suitable for use in prospective studies of the KIT D816V allele burden as a treatment endpoint in SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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27
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Mahfouz RA, Hoteit R, Salem Z, Bazarbachi A, Mugharbel A, Farhat F, Ziyadeh A, Ibrahim A, Taher A. JAK2 V617F Gene Mutation in the Laboratory Work-Up of Myeloproliferative Disorders: Experience of a Major Referral Center in Lebanon. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 15:263-5. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rami A.R. Mahfouz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rouba Hoteit
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Salem
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anas Mugharbel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi Farhat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hammoud General Hospital, Sidon, Lebanon
| | - Azzam Ziyadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, North Hospital Center, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Sholl LM, Longtine J. Molecular analysis of gene rearrangements and mutations in acute leukemias and myeloproliferative neoplasms. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN HUMAN GENETICS 2010; Chapter 10:Unit 10.4. [PMID: 20891029 DOI: 10.1002/0471142905.hg1004s67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A large subset of acute leukemias and other myeloproliferative neoplasms contain specific genetic alterations, many of which are associated with unique clinical and pathologic features. These alterations include chromosomal translocations leading to oncogenic fusion genes, as well as mutations leading to aberrant activation of a variety of proteins critical to hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Molecular analysis is central to diagnosis and clinical management of leukemias, permitting genetic confirmation of a clinical and histologic impression, providing prognostic and predictive information, and facilitating detection of minimal residual disease. This unit will outline approaches to the molecular diagnosis of the most frequent and clinically relevant genetic alterations in acute leukemias and myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Qian J, Lin J, Yao DM, Chen Q, Xiao GF, Ji RB, Li Y, Yang J, Qian Z. Rapid detection of JAK2 V617F mutation using high-resolution melting analysis with LightScanner platform. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:2097-100. [PMID: 20728437 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of the JAK2 mutation has recently been included under the essential diagnostic criteria for myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). High-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis, a nongel-based, automated system, is introduced as a means of mutation scanning without the requirement of any post-PCR handling. METHODS We studied the sensitivity and reproducibility of LightScanner™ platform in the detection of JAK2 V617F mutation and the availability for diagnostic use in MPN. RESULTS The reproducible sensitivity of HRM analysis with LightScanner™ platform was 5% for the detection of JAK2 V617F mutation. In the test of blind screening of 105 samples (48 Ph- MPN and 57 Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia), the identical judgement was interpreted by two blinded investigators. HRM analysis of all cases was fully concordant with the results of PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The HRM method developed here is an extremely sensitive, accurate and reliable technique and allows high-throughput, fast pre-screening to select for sequencing only those specimens that most likely contain mutant JAK2 V617F allele(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, PR China
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Shen XL, Wei W, Xu HL, Zhang MX, Qin XQ, Shi WZ, Jiang ZP, Chen YJ, Chen FP. JAK2V617F/STAT5 signaling pathway promotes cell proliferation through activation of Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene 1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 398:707-12. [PMID: 20621061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations of JAK2 play crucial roles in the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms; however, the underlying downstream events of this activated signaling pathway are not fully understood. Our experiment was designed and performed to address one aspect of this issue. Here we report that AG490, a potent JAK2V617F kinase inhibitor, effectively inhibits the proliferation of HEL cells. Interestingly, AG490 also decreases the expression of PTTG1, a possible target gene of the aberrant signaling pathway, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the promoter activity analyses reveal that the inhibition of the PTTG1 expression is affected at the transcriptional level. Thus, our results suggest that the JAK2V617F/STAT5 signaling pathway promotes cell proliferation through the transcriptional activation of PTTG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Liang Shen
- Department of Hematology, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
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Denys B, El Housni H, Nollet F, Verhasselt B, Philippé J. A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid, sensitive, and specific quantification of the JAK2V617F mutation using a locked nucleic acid-modified oligonucleotide. J Mol Diagn 2010; 12:512-9. [PMID: 20431031 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The JAK2V617F mutation has emerged as an essential molecular determinant of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the analytical and clinical performances of a real-time PCR (qPCR) assay using a combination of hydrolysis probes and a wild-type blocking oligonucleotide, all containing locked nucleic acid (LNA) bases. Moreover, we validated a procedure for precise quantification of the JAK2V617F allele burden. We used DNA samples from patients suspected to suffer from MPN and dilutions of HEL cells, carrying the mutation, to compare the LNA-qPCR assay to two previously published methods. All assays detected the same 36 JAK2V617F positive patients of 116 suspected MPN diagnostic samples. No amplification of normal donor DNA was observed in the LNA-qPCR, and the assay was able to detect and reproducibly quantify as few as 0.4% of the JAK2V617F allele in wild-type alleles. Quantification of the JAK2V617F allele burden showed similar proportion levels among the different MPN entities as described by other groups. In conclusion, the LNA-qPCR is a rapid, robust, sensitive, and highly specific assay for quantitative JAK2V617F determination that can be easily implemented in clinical molecular diagnostic laboratories. Moreover, precise quantification allows determination of JAK2V617F burden at diagnosis as well as the evaluation of response to JAK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Denys
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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Paradis FW, Simard R, Gaudet D. Quantitative assay for the detection of the V617F variant in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene using the Luminex xMAP technology. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:54. [PMID: 20359349 PMCID: PMC2861026 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The availability of clinically valid biomarkers contribute to improve the diagnosis and clinical management of diseases. A valine-to-phenylalanine substitution at position 617 (V617F) in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene has been recently associated with key signaling abnormalities in the transduction of haemopoietic growth-factor receptors and is now considered as a useful clinical marker of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Several methods have recently been reported to detect the JAK2 V617F point mutation and show variable sensitivity. Methods Using the Luminex xMAP technology, we developed a quantitative assay to detect the JAK2V617F variant. The method was based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by hybridization to specific probes coupled with internally dyed microspheres. The assay comprises 3 steps: genomic DNA extraction, end point PCR reaction, direct hybridization of PCR fragments and quantification. It has been tested with different sources of nucleic acid. Results Applied to whole blood samples, this quantitative assay showed a limit of detection of 2%. A highly sensitive allele-specific primer extension reaction performed in parallel allowed to validate the results and to identify the specimens with values below 2%. Conclusion Direct hybridization assay using the Luminex xMAP technology allows sensitive quantification of JAK2V617F from blood spots. It is simple and can be easily performed in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- François W Paradis
- ECOGENE-21, department of médecine, Université de Montréal, Chicoutimi Hospital, 225 rue St-Vallier, Saguenay, Province of Québec, G7H 7P2, Canada
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Haan C, Behrmann I, Haan S. Perspectives for the use of structural information and chemical genetics to develop inhibitors of Janus kinases. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14:504-27. [PMID: 20132407 PMCID: PMC3823453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the genes encoding Janus kinases have been discovered in various haematologic diseases. Jaks are composed of a FERM domain, an SH2 domain, a pseudokinase domain and a kinase domain, and a complex interplay of the Jak domains is involved in regulation of catalytic activity and association to cytokine receptors. Most activating mutations are found in the pseudokinase domain. Here we present recently discovered mutations in the context of our structural models of the respective domains. We describe two structural hotspots in the pseudokinase domain of Jak2 that seem to be associated either to myeloproliferation or to lymphoblastic leukaemia, pointing at the involvement of distinct signalling complexes in these disease settings. The different domains of Jaks are discussed as potential drug targets. We present currently available inhibitors targeting Jaks and indicate structural differences in the kinase domains of the different Jaks that may be exploited in the development of specific inhibitors. Moreover, we discuss recent chemical genetic approaches which can be applied to Jaks to better understand the role of these kinases in their biological settings and as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Haan
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 162A, av. de la Faïencerie, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Merker JD, Jones CD, Oh ST, Schrijver I, Gotlib J, Zehnder JL. Design and evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for quantification of JAK2 V617F and wild-type JAK2 transcript levels in the clinical laboratory. J Mol Diagn 2009; 12:58-64. [PMID: 19959796 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The somatic mutation JAK2 V617F is associated with BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Detection of this mutation aids diagnosis of these neoplasms, and quantification of JAK2 V617F may provide a method to monitor response to therapy. For these reasons, we designed a clinical assay that uses allele-specific PCR and real-time detection with hydrolysis probes for the quantification of JAK2 V617F, wild-type JAK2, and GAPDH transcripts. Mutant and wild-type JAK2 were quantified by using external plasmid standards that contain the relevant JAK2 V617F or JAK2 sequence, respectively. We tested 55 peripheral blood specimens from patients with suspected myeloproliferative neoplasms and 55 peripheral blood specimens from patients not known to have myeloproliferative neoplasms. Low-level, nonspecific amplification was detected in reactions containing a high copy number of plasmid standards and in specimens from patients not known to have myeloproliferative neoplasms, necessitating the use of a laboratory-established mutant to wild-type cutoff. The limit of detection established by using cell line dilutions is 0.1%, and this method identified three JAK2 V617F-positive patients who were not detected by a less sensitive method. The assay characteristics and our initial evaluation indicate this method can be used for the detection and quantification of JAK2 V617F, which should be useful for diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms and potentially for monitoring minimal residual disease in future trials of therapies targeted to myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Merker
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, L235, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA.
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Fortoul TI, González-Villalva A, Piñón-Zarate G, Rodríguez-Lara V, Montaño LF, Saldivar-Osorio L. Ultrastructural megakaryocyte modifications after vanadium inhalation in spleen and bone marrow. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 2009; 58:375-380. [PMID: 19567481 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfp031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports from our laboratory informed in mice an increase in platelets in blood, and megakaryocytes in spleen and bone marrow after vanadium inhalation. This element has become important in recent years because of its increased presence as an air pollutant. With this precedent, we evaluate the ultrastructural modifications in MKs from the spleen and bone marrow in our mouse experimental model. Mice inhaled 0.02 M V(2)O(5) 1 h twice a week for 12 weeks. Tissues were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Results indicate an increase in the size and cytoplasmic granular content, as well as nuclear changes in MKs of exposed mice, changes which correlate with the time of exposure. Modifications in MKs described here suggest that inhaled vanadium induce megakaryocytic maturation, a raise in its granules content and demarcation membrane systems, which may lead to a rise in circulating platelet production and an increased risk for thromboembolic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa I Fortoul
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Comparison of JAK2V617F mutation assessment employing different molecular diagnostic techniques. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2009; 7:204-9. [PMID: 19657484 DOI: 10.2450/2009.0070-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The JAK2(V617F) mutation is present in the majority of patients with polycythaemia vera and in approximately half of patients with essential thrombocythaemia and primary myelofibrosis. In this study we compare the results of JAK2(V617F) mutation detection using three different molecular techniques in the same group of patients affected by essential thrombocythaemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The JAK2 mutation was investigated with a qualitative method in 115 consecutive outpatients with a diagnosis of essential thrombocythaemia made according to WHO 2001 criteria. In 48/115 (41.7%) the allele burden was also evaluated with two different qualitative methods, of which one was a method developed in-house and the other was a commercially available method. RESULTS The JAK2(V617F) mutation was detected by the qualitative method in 81/115 (69.6%) of the patients. Among the 48/115 patients in whom all three methods were applied, the qualitative method detected the mutation in 38 (79%). According to the quantitative method developed in-house, the mutation was present in 35/48 (73%) of the patients: of these, 2/35 (5.7%) patients were homozygous for the JAK2(V617F) mutation. The commercial quantitative method showed the mutation in 37/48 (77%) patients: of these, 9/37 (18%) patients were homozygous. Three of the 13 patients in whom no mutation was detected by the in-house method were positive for the JAK2(V617F) according to the commercial method. In one patient the search for the JAK2(V617F) mutation was positive with the in-house method but negative with the commercial kit. CONCLUSION Detection of the JAK2(V617F) mutation may depend on the molecular technique used. Considering that detection of this mutation will not only have a diagnostic value, but also a role in treatment given the development of JAK2(V617F) pathway inhibiting drugs, indications on a reference molecular diagnostic technique for JAK2(V617F) assessment and quantification of its allele burden from a panel of experts are warranted.
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Ellard S, Shields B, Tysoe C, Treacy R, Yau S, Mattocks C, Wallace A. Semi-automated unidirectional sequence analysis for mutation detection in a clinical diagnostic setting. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2009; 13:381-6. [PMID: 19405871 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2008.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The past 10 years have seen an improvement in sequence data quality due to the introduction of capillary sequencers and new sequencing chemistries. In parallel, new software programs for automated mutation detection have been developed. We evaluated the sensitivity of semiautomated unidirectional sequence analysis for the detection of heterozygous base substitutions using the Mutation Surveyor software package. METHODS Detection rates for heterozygous base substitutions in 29 genes by automated and visual inspection were compared. Examples of heterozygous bases not detected in one direction during bidirectional analysis were also sought through a national survey of United Kingdom (UK) genetics laboratories. Sequence quality was assessed in a consecutive cohort of 50 patients for whom the 39 exons of the ABCC8 gene had been sequenced in one direction. RESULTS A total of 701 different heterozygous base substitutions were detected by the software with no false negatives (sensitivity >or=99.57%). Four examples of heterozygous bases missed in one direction during bidirectional analysis were reported. Two were detected using unidirectional analysis settings, and the other two bases had low-quality scores. Of the 1950 amplicons examined, 97.2% had a quality score >or=30 and an average PHRED-like score >or=50 for the defined region of interest, and 98.1% of the 323,650 bases had a PHRED score >40. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to support a requirement for bidirectional sequencing. Semiautomated analysis of good quality unidirectional sequence data has high sensitivity and is suitable for heterozygote mutation scanning in clinical diagnostic laboratories. Further work is required to determine minimum quality parameters for semiautomated analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Ellard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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Lucia E, Martino B, Mammi C, Vigna E, Mazzone C, Gentile M, Qualtieri G, Bisconte MG, Naccarato M, Gentile C, Laganà C, Romeo F, Neri A, Nobile F, Morabito F. The incidence of JAK2 V617F mutation in bcr/abl-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders: assessment by two different detection methods. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 49:1907-15. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190802290652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Jak2 inhibitors: rationale and role as therapeutic agents in hematologic malignancies. Curr Oncol Rep 2009; 11:117-24. [PMID: 19216843 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-009-0018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the Jak2-V617F mutation has generated strong awareness because of its causative role in myeloproliferative disorders, reports of Jak2 gene aberrations linked to hematologic malignancies have preceded those of V617F by nearly a decade. These malignant mutations include Jak2 amino acid substitutions, deletions, insertions, and chromosomal translocations. As a consequence, researchers are increasingly focused on identifying Jak2 inhibitors that suppress aberrant Jak2 kinase activity. Some of these inhibitors may one day become therapeutically beneficial for individuals with Jak2-related hematologic malignancies. This review summarizes various Jak2 mutations associated with hematologic malignancies and assesses some of the Jak2 inhibitors in the preclinical phase or in clinical trials. By reviewing these specific areas, we hope to have a better understanding of Jak2's role in hematologic malignancies and to shed light on the utility of Jak2 inhibitors.
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Comparison of clinicopathologic findings according to JAK2 V617F mutation in patients with essential thrombocythemia. Int J Hematol 2008; 89:39-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-008-0222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wardrop D, Steensma DP. Is refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (RARS-T) a necessary or useful diagnostic category? Br J Haematol 2008; 144:809-17. [PMID: 19120370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Both the 2001 World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of haematopoietic neoplasms and the 2008 WHO classification revision include a distinctive diagnostic category, refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (RARS-T), to describe those rare patients who have both >or=15% ring sideroblasts and a sustained elevated platelet count. Recently, it has become clear that patients meeting WHO criteria for RARS-T have clonal JAK2(V617F) and MPL(W515) mutations at a similar rate to essential thrombocythaemia (ET). Given that the provisional classification of RARS-T as a myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) overlap syndrome, rather than as a form of MPN (i.e., ET), rests principally upon the presence of ring sideroblasts, which are a non-specific morphological finding, these new molecular results prompt reconsideration of the necessity for a distinctive RARS-T category. Here we review the historical developments that led up the definition of RARS-T as a disease entity, and we discuss conceptual understanding of RARS-T and arguments against continued use of RARS-T as a separate diagnostic category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Wardrop
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Lipka DB, Hoffmann LS, Heidel F, Markova B, Blum MC, Breitenbuecher F, Kasper S, Kindler T, Levine RL, Huber C, Fischer T. LS104, a non-ATP-competitive small-molecule inhibitor of JAK2, is potently inducing apoptosis in JAK2V617F-positive cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1176-84. [PMID: 18483305 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The activating JAK2V617F mutation has been described in the majority of patients with BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). In this report, we characterize the small-molecule LS104 as a novel non-ATP-competitive JAK2 inhibitor: Treatment of JAK2V617F-positive cells with LS104 resulted in dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and inhibition of JAK2 autophosphorylation and of downstream targets. Activation of these targets by JAK2 was confirmed in experiments using small interfering RNA. LS104 inhibited JAK2 kinase activity in vitro. This effect was not reversible using elevated ATP concentrations, whereas variation of the kinase substrate peptide led to modulation of the IC50 value for LS104. In line with these data, combination treatment using LS104 plus an ATP-competitive JAK2 inhibitor (JAK inhibitor I) led to synergistically increased apoptosis in JAK2V617F-positive cells. Furthermore, LS104 strongly inhibited cytokine-independent growth of endogenous erythroid colonies isolated from patients with JAK2V617F-positive MPD in vitro, whereas there was no significant effect on growth of myeloid colonies obtained from normal controls. Based on these data, we have recently started a phase I clinical trial of LS104 for patients with JAK2V617F-positive MPDs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a non-ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor being tested in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Lipka
- 3rd Medical Department, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrabe 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany
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Minimal residual disease diagnostics in myeloid malignancies in the post transplant period. Bone Marrow Transplant 2008; 42:145-57. [PMID: 18587431 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2008.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic SCT is important in myelodysplastic syndrome, the BCR-ABL-negative chronic myeloproliferative diseases (CMPDs) and in poor-risk AML. Techniques to monitor the minimal residual disease, for example, by PCR or immunophenotyping gain increasing importance in the post transplantation period as basis for improved and earlier therapeutic interventions in impending relapse. Recent markers such as the NPM1 mutations in AML or the JAK2V617F mutation in the CMPD can be exactly quantified by real-time PCR and were evaluated for their prognostic value in the post transplantation phase and for their utility to plan adoptive immunotherapy in case of molecular relapse. With respect to chimerism, new and very sensitive methods were introduced, for example, quantitative assessment of genetic polymorphisms by real-time PCR, but also methods here are still highly individualized. Only in CML, where SCT focuses now on poor-risk cases or cases of tyrosine kinase inhibitor failure, follow-up schedules are standardized. Standardization of the different diagnostic techniques and of the intervals in the post transplantation period is urgently needed also in other myeloid malignancies and should be focus of future studies.
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Gattenlohner S, Serfling E, Einsele H, Müller-Hermelink HK. Molecular insights into the morphology of myeloproliferative neoplasms using an in situ PCR assay specific for the JAK2 mutation V617F. Leukemia 2008; 23:196-9. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Management of femoral fracture in a patient with essential thrombocythemia treated with plateletpheresis and intramedullary rod fixation, followed by hydroxyurea: a case report. Am J Emerg Med 2008; 26:636.e1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Clinical correlates of JAK2V617F presence or allele burden in myeloproliferative neoplasms: a critical reappraisal. Leukemia 2008; 22:1299-307. [PMID: 18496562 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
JAK2 and MPL mutations are recurrent in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). A JAK2 mutation, primarily JAK2V617F, is almost invariably associated with polycythemia vera (PV). However, JAK2V617F also occurs in the majority of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) or primary myelofibrosis (PMF) as well as in a much smaller percentage of those with other MPNs. The mechanism(s) behind this one allele-multiple phenotypes phenomenon has not been fully elucidated. The issue is further confounded by the presence of marked variation in JAK2V617F allele burden among mutation-positive patients. In the current communication, we discuss potential mechanisms for phenotypic diversity among JAK2V617F-positive MPNs as well as review the current literature in regard to genotype-phenotype correlations (that is clinical correlates and prognostic significance) in the context of both the presence or absence of the mutation (ET and PMF) and its allele burden (PV, ET and PMF).
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Huang Z, Richmond TD, Muntean AG, Barber DL, Weiss MJ, Crispino JD. STAT1 promotes megakaryopoiesis downstream of GATA-1 in mice. J Clin Invest 2008; 117:3890-9. [PMID: 18060035 DOI: 10.1172/jci33010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytosis is associated with inflammation, and certain inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-gamma, stimulate megakaryocyte and platelet production. However, the roles of IFN-gamma and its downstream effector STAT1 in megakaryocyte development are poorly understood. We previously reported that STAT1 expression was significantly downregulated in Gata1-knockdown murine megakaryocytes, which also have impaired terminal maturation. Here, we show that ectopic expression of STAT1, or its target effector IRF-1, rescued multiple defects in Gata1-deficient megakaryopoiesis in mice, inducing polyploidization and expression of a subset of platelet-expressing genes. Enforced expression of STAT1, IRF-1, or GATA-1 enhanced phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in cultured Gata1-deficient murine megakaryocytes, with concomitant megakaryocyte maturation. In contrast, enhanced thrombopoietin signaling, conferred by enforced expression of constitutively active JAK2 or c-MPL, induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5, but not STAT1, and failed to rescue megakaryocyte maturation. Finally, megakaryocytes from Stat1(-/-) mice were defective in polyploidization. Together, these findings reveal a unique role for STAT1 in megakaryopoiesis and provide new insights into how GATA-1 regulates this process. Our studies elucidate potential mechanisms by which various inflammatory disorders can cause elevated platelet counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Abstract
Molecular classification of colorectal cancer is evolving. As our understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis improves, we are incorporating new knowledge into the classification system. In particular, global genomic status [microsatellite instability (MSI) status and chromosomal instability (CIN) status] and epigenomic status [CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) status] play a significant role in determining clinical, pathological and biological characteristics of colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss molecular classification and molecular correlates based on MSI status and CIMP status in colorectal cancer. Studying molecular correlates is important in cancer research because it can 1) provide clues to pathogenesis, 2) propose or support the existence of a new molecular subtype, 3) alert investigators to be aware of potential confounding factors in association studies, and 4) suggest surrogate markers in clinical or research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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49
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Frantz C, Sekora DM, Henley DC, Huang CK, Pan Q, Quigley NB, Gorman E, Hubbard RA, Mirza I. Comparative evaluation of three JAK2V617F mutation detection methods. Am J Clin Pathol 2007; 128:865-74. [PMID: 17951211 DOI: 10.1309/lw7q3739rbrmbxxp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation of JAK2V617F with a proportion of chronic myeloproliferative disorders has generated numerous studies focused on the development of molecular-based assays for JAK2V617F detection. The current parallel study comparatively evaluated 3 JAK2V617F molecular detection methods. Genomic DNA from blood or bone marrow was assayed by 3 laboratories using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) or kit-based restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, which used polyacrylamide gel or capillary electrophoresis analysis. In addition, samples were sequenced in 2 of the laboratories. Results found 100% concordance among the 3 methods, with analytic sensitivities of 5% for both kit methods and 0.01% for AS-PCR. The kitbased assays detect JAK2V617F with equal sensitivity regardless of analysis method, and, despite greater sensitivity of AS-PCR, all 3 methods yielded 100% concordant results for this 36-sample set. Consistent with other reports, direct sequencing was insufficiently sensitive to serve as an initial diagnostic tool for JAK2V617F detection.
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50
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Haferlach T, Bacher U, Kern W, Schnittger S, Haferlach C. The diagnosis of BCR/ABL-negative chronic myeloproliferative diseases (CMPD): a comprehensive approach based on morphology, cytogenetics, and molecular markers. Ann Hematol 2007; 87:1-10. [PMID: 17938925 PMCID: PMC2082654 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-007-0403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent years showed significant progress in the molecular characterization of the chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD) which are classified according to the WHO classification of 2001 as polycythemia vera (PV), chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (CIMF), essential thrombocythemia (ET), CMPD/unclassifiable (CMPD-U), chronic neutrophilic leukemia, and chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL)/hypereosinophilic syndrome, all to be delineated from BCR/ABL-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). After 2001, the detection of the high frequency of the JAK2V617F mutation in PV, CIMF, and ET, and of the FIP1L1–PDGFRA fusion gene in CEL further added important information in the diagnosis of CMPD. These findings also enhanced the importance of tyrosine kinase mutations in CMPD and paved the way to a more detailed classification and to an improved definition of prognosis using also novel minimal residual disease (MRD) markers. Simultaneously, the broadening of therapeutic strategies in the CMPD, e.g., due to reduced intensity conditioning in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in CML, in CEL, and in other ABL and PDGRFB rearrangements, increased the demands to diagnostics. Therefore, today, a multimodal diagnostic approach combining cytomorphology, cytogenetics, and individual molecular methods is needed in BCR/ABL-negative CMPD. A stringent diagnostic algorithm for characterization, choice of treatment, and monitoring of MRD will be proposed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Haferlach
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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