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Chopde PR, Álvarez-Cedrón R, Alphonse S, Polichnowski AJ, Griffin KA, Williamson GA. Efficacy of Dynamics-based Features for Machine Learning Classification of Renal Hemodynamics. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ... EUROPEAN SIGNAL PROCESSING CONFERENCE (EUSIPCO). EUSIPCO (CONFERENCE) 2023; 2023:1145-1149. [PMID: 38162557 PMCID: PMC10756713 DOI: 10.23919/eusipco58844.2023.10289999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Different machine learning approaches for analyzing renal hemodynamics using time series of arterial blood pressure and renal blood flow rate measurements in conscious rats are developed and compared. Particular emphasis is placed on features used for machine learning. The test scenario involves binary classification of Sprague-Dawley rats obtained from two different suppliers, with the suppliers' rat colonies having drifted slightly apart in hemodynamic characteristics. Models used for the classification include deep neural network (DNN), random forest, support vector machine, multilayer perceptron. While the DNN uses raw pressure/flow measurements as features, the latter three use a feature vector of parameters of a nonlinear dynamic system fitted to the pressure/flow data, thereby restricting the classification basis to the hemodynamics. Although the performance in these cases is slightly reduced in comparison to that of the DNN, they still show promise for machine learning (ML) application. The pioneering contribution of this work is the establishment that even with features limited to hemodynamics-based information, the ML models can successfully achieve classification with reasonably high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva R Chopde
- Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engr. Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Rocío Álvarez-Cedrón
- Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago, IL, U.S.A. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Alphonse
- Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engr. Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Aaron J Polichnowski
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences East Tennessee State UniversityJohnson City, TN, U.S.A
| | - Karen A Griffin
- Department of Medicine Loyola Univ. Med. Ctr. and Hines VA Hosp. Maywood, IL, U.S.A
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Anand V, Gupta S, Gupta D, Gulzar Y, Xin Q, Juneja S, Shah A, Shaikh A. Weighted Average Ensemble Deep Learning Model for Stratification of Brain Tumor in MRI Images. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071320. [PMID: 37046538 PMCID: PMC10093740 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumor diagnosis at an early stage can improve the chances of successful treatment and better patient outcomes. In the biomedical industry, non-invasive diagnostic procedures, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be used to diagnose brain tumors. Deep learning, a type of artificial intelligence, can analyze MRI images in a matter of seconds, reducing the time it takes for diagnosis and potentially improving patient outcomes. Furthermore, an ensemble model can help increase the accuracy of classification by combining the strengths of multiple models and compensating for their individual weaknesses. Therefore, in this research, a weighted average ensemble deep learning model is proposed for the classification of brain tumors. For the weighted ensemble classification model, three different feature spaces are taken from the transfer learning VGG19 model, Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model without augmentation, and CNN model with augmentation. These three feature spaces are ensembled with the best combination of weights, i.e., weight1, weight2, and weight3 by using grid search. The dataset used for simulation is taken from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), having a lower-grade glioma collection with 3929 MRI images of 110 patients. The ensemble model helps reduce overfitting by combining multiple models that have learned different aspects of the data. The proposed ensemble model outperforms the three individual models for detecting brain tumors in terms of accuracy, precision, and F1-score. Therefore, the proposed model can act as a second opinion tool for radiologists to diagnose the tumor from MRI images of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsala Anand
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Sheifali Gupta
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Deepali Gupta
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Yonis Gulzar
- Department of Management Information Systems, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qin Xin
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Faroe Islands, Vestarabryggja 15, FO 100 Torshavn, Faroe Islands, Denmark
| | - Sapna Juneja
- Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak 53100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asadullah Shah
- Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak 53100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asadullah Shaikh
- Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
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Mgbejime GT, Hossin MA, Nneji GU, Monday HN, Ekong F. Parallelistic Convolution Neural Network Approach for Brain Tumor Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102484. [PMID: 36292173 PMCID: PMC9600759 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a prominent technique used in medicine, produces a significant and varied range of tissue contrasts in each imaging modalities, and is frequently employed by medical professionals to identify brain malignancies. With brain tumor being a very deadly disease, early detection will help increase the likelihood that the patient will receive the appropriate medical care leading to either a full elimination of the tumor or the prolongation of the patient’s life. However, manually examining the enormous volume of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and identifying a brain tumor or cancer is extremely time-consuming and requires the expertise of a trained medical expert or brain doctor to manually detect and diagnose brain cancer using multiple Magnetic Resonance images (MRI) with various modalities. Due to this underlying issue, there is a growing need for increased efforts to automate the detection and diagnosis process of brain tumor without human intervention. Another major concern most research articles do not consider is the low quality nature of MRI images which can be attributed to noise and artifacts. This article presents a Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) algorithm to precisely handle the problem of low quality MRI images by eliminating noisy elements and enhancing the visible trainable features of the image. The enhanced image is then fed to the proposed PCNN to learn the features and classify the tumor using sigmoid classifier. To properly train the model, a publicly available dataset is collected and utilized for this research. Additionally, different optimizers and different values of dropout and learning rates are used in the course of this study. The proposed PCNN with Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) algorithm achieved an accuracy of 98.7%, sensitivity of 99.7%, and specificity of 97.4%. In comparison with other state-of-the-art brain tumor methods and pre-trained deep transfer learning models, the proposed PCNN model obtained satisfactory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goodness Temofe Mgbejime
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Md Altab Hossin
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Grace Ugochi Nneji
- Department of Computing, Oxford Brookes College of Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
- Deep Learning and Intelligent Computing Lab, HACE SOFTTECH, Lagos 102241, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (G.U.N.); (H.N.M.)
| | - Happy Nkanta Monday
- Department of Computing, Oxford Brookes College of Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
- Deep Learning and Intelligent Computing Lab, HACE SOFTTECH, Lagos 102241, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (G.U.N.); (H.N.M.)
| | - Favour Ekong
- School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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Alphonse S, Polichnowski AJ, Griffin KA, Bidani AK, Williamson GA. Autoregulatory Efficiency Assessment in Kidneys Using Deep Learning. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ... EUROPEAN SIGNAL PROCESSING CONFERENCE (EUSIPCO). EUSIPCO (CONFERENCE) 2020; 2020:1165-1169. [PMID: 38288370 PMCID: PMC10824283 DOI: 10.23919/eusipco47968.2020.9287447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
A convolutional deep neural network is employed to assess renal autoregulation using time series of arterial blood pressure and blood flow rate measurements in conscious rats. The network is trained using representative data samples from rats with intact autoregulation and rats whose autoregulation is impaired by the calcium channel blocker amlodipine. Network performance is evaluated using test data of the types used for training, but also with data from other models for autoregulatory impairment, including different calcium channel blockers and also renal mass reduction. The network is shown to provide effective classification for impairments from calcium channel blockers. However, the assessment of autoregulation when impaired by renal mass reduction was not as clear, evidencing a different signature in the hemodynamic data for that impairment model. When calcium channel blockers were given to those animals, however, the classification again was effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Alphonse
- Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engr., Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Aaron J Polichnowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, U.S.A
| | - Karen A Griffin
- Departments of Medicine Loyola Univ. Med. Ctr. and Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hosp. Maywood, IL, U.S.A
| | - Anil K Bidani
- Departments of Medicine Loyola Univ. Med. Ctr. and Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hosp. Maywood, IL, U.S.A
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