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Daza MA, Miró G, Fragío C, Perez-Montero B, Esteban SB, Fermín ML. Urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein excretion is a potential early biomarker of renal distal tubular damage in canine leishmaniosis. Vet Parasitol 2024; 331:110265. [PMID: 39094329 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates distal tubular damage in early stages of renal disease in dogs with naturally acquired leishmaniosis. Pherograms of urinary proteins separated in vertical electrophoresis system (SDS-PAGE) were evaluated. Peptide fingerprint and fragmentation (MALDI-TOF TOF) identified bands located at 100 and 60 kDa as Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and albumin, respectively. The variables examined were: urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPC), total number of bands, quantification of THP urinary excretion through the optical density (OD %) of bands located at 100 kDa, blood creatinine, and urine specific gravity (USG). Positive correlation was found between UPC and the number of bands (ρ = 0.75849, P = <0.0001). Negative correlation was identified between UPC and OD % of 100 kDa bands (ρ = -0.85332, P = <0.0001), and the number of bands and OD % of 100 kDa bands (ρ = -0.74479, P = <0.0001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.991 (95 % CI, 0.976-1). The optimal cut-off UPC that better discriminated between urines with high or low OD% of THP was 0.46 with 92.6 % sensitivity and 96.2 % specificity. Our findings indicate that non azotemic dogs with borderline proteinuria might excrete low amount of THP, which could suggest tubular damage in early stages of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Daza
- Small Animal Emergency and ICU Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University, Avda Puerta Hierro sn., Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Guadalupe Miró
- Dept. of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Avda Puerta hierro sn., Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Cristina Fragío
- Small Animal Emergency and ICU Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University, Avda Puerta Hierro sn., Madrid 28040, Spain; Dept. of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Avda Puerta hierro sn., Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Blanca Perez-Montero
- Clinical Pathology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University, Avda Puerta Hierro sn., Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Sheila Belinchón Esteban
- Small Animal Emergency and ICU Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University, Avda Puerta Hierro sn., Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María L Fermín
- Dept. of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Avda Puerta hierro sn., Madrid 28040, Spain
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Menard M, Kurtz M, Duclos A, Vial J, Maurey C, Canonne-Guibert M, Fabrès V, Rosenberg D, Coyne M, Murphy R, Trumel C, Lavoué R, Benchekroun G. Description of serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration and of urinary SDS-AGE pattern in dogs with ACTH dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Vet J 2024; 305:106108. [PMID: 38580156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and patterns of urinary protein separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) have not been investigated as biomarkers in dogs with ACTH-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (ADHAC). This exploratory prospective study aimed to evaluate SDMA, serum creatinine (sCR), and SDS-AGE in dogs with ADHAC with and without proteinuria (ADHAC-P and ADHAC-nP, respectively). Thirty-five pet dogs classified as ADHAC-P (n=16), ADHAC-nP (n=6) and healthy (n=13) were included. Renal biomarkers were evaluated in all dogs at diagnosis. Baseline concentration of SDMA was not significantly different between the three groups (P = 0.15) whereas sCr was significantly lower in dogs in ADHAC dogs compared to healthy dogs (88.0 µmol/L [70.4-132.6; 79.2-114.4]) whether they had proteinuria or not (P = 0.014 and 0.002, respectively). However, baseline concentrations of sCr and SDMA were not significantly different between dogs with ADHAC-P dogs (SDMA, 8 µg/dL [5-12; 7-9]; sCr, 57.2 µmol/L [35.2-212.2; 52.8-92.4]) and ADHAC-nP dogs (SDMA, 8.5 µg/dL [7-13; 8-10]; sCr, 70.4 µmol/L [61.6-79.2; 61.6-70.4]) (P = 0.35 and P = 0.41, respectively). Proteinuria in dogs with ADHAC-P was mainly of glomerular origin (SDS-AGE pattern: glomerular in 10/16 dogs; mixed glomerular/tubular in four dogs). In our study, SDMA was neither significantly different in dogs with ADHAC whether they were proteinuric or not, nor between ADHAC and healthy dogs. Urinary electrophoresis provides additional information to the UPC and further investigations are needed to determine whether it may help identify dogs with ADHAC-P requiring specific antiproteinuric treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Menard
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - M Kurtz
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - A Duclos
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - J Vial
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - C Maurey
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - M Canonne-Guibert
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
| | - V Fabrès
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - D Rosenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Micen Vet, Créteil, France
| | - M Coyne
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, United States
| | - R Murphy
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, United States
| | - C Trumel
- CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - R Lavoué
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - G Benchekroun
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France.
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Palizzotto C, Ferri F, Callegari C, Rossi F, Manfredi M, Carcangiu L, Gerardi G, Ferro S, Cavicchioli L, Müller E, Weiss M, Vogt A, Lavatelli F, Ricagno S, Hurley K, Zini E. Renal amyloid-A amyloidosis in cats: Characterization of proteinuria and biomarker discovery, and associations with kidney histology. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:205-215. [PMID: 37991136 PMCID: PMC10800178 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disease arising from serum amyloid A (SAA). Systemic AA amyloidosis recently was shown to have a high prevalence in shelter cats in Italy and was associated with azotemia and proteinuria. OBJECTIVES Investigate urine protein profiles and diagnostic biomarkers in cats with renal AA amyloidosis. ANIMALS Twenty-nine shelter cats. METHODS Case-control study. Cats with renal proteinuria that died or were euthanized between 2018 and 2021 with available necropsy kidney, liver and spleen samples, and with surplus urine collected within 30 days before death, were included. Histology was used to characterize renal damage and amyloid amount and distribution; immunohistochemistry was used to confirm AA amyloidosis. Urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) and urine amyloid A-to-creatinine (UAAC) ratios were calculated, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) of proteins were performed. RESULTS Twenty-nine cats were included. Nineteen had AA amyloidosis with renal involvement. Cats with AA amyloidosis had a higher UPC (median, 3.9; range, 0.6-12.7 vs 1.5; 0.6-3.1; P = .03) and UAAC ratios (median, 7.18 × 10-3 ; range, 23 × 10-3 -21.29 × 10-3 vs 1.26 × 10-3 ; 0.21 × 10-3 -6.33 × 10-3 ; P = .04) than unaffected cats. The SDS-AGE identified mixed-type proteinuria in 89.4% of cats with AA amyloidosis and in 55.6% without AA amyloidosis (P = .57). The LC-MS identified 63 potential biomarkers associated with AA amyloidosis (P < .05). Among these, urine apolipoprotein C-III was higher in cats with AA amyloidosis (median, 1.38 × 107 ; range, 1.85 × 105 -5.29 × 107 vs 1.76 × 106 ; 0.0 × 100 -1.38 × 107 ; P = .01). In the kidney, AA-amyloidosis was associated with glomerulosclerosis (P = .02) and interstitial fibrosis (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Renal AA amyloidosis is associated with kidney lesions, increased proteinuria and increased urine excretion of SAA in shelter cats. Additional studies are needed to characterize the role of lipid transport proteins in the urine of affected cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Palizzotto
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNOItaly
| | - Felippo Ferri
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNOItaly
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and HealthUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
- Studio Veterinario Associato Vet2Vet di Ferri e PorporatoOrbassanoTOItaly
| | | | - Francesco Rossi
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNOItaly
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Laura Carcangiu
- Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Gabriele Gerardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and HealthUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
| | - Elizabeth Müller
- Laboklin, Laboratory for Clinical DiagnosticsBad KissingenGermany
| | - Marco Weiss
- Laboklin, Laboratory for Clinical DiagnosticsBad KissingenGermany
| | - Anne‐Catherine Vogt
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyUniversity Hospital BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of BioMedical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Stefano Ricagno
- Institute of Molecular and Translational CardiologyIRCCS Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
- Department of BiosciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | | | - Eric Zini
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario NovaraGranozzo con MonticelloNOItaly
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and HealthUniversity of PadovaLegnaroPDItaly
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Gil L, Wsol M, Fernández-Barredo S, Navarro PF. Urinary Electrophoretograms Performed by Capillary Electrophoresis: Comparison between Dogs and Cats. Gels 2023; 9:544. [PMID: 37504423 PMCID: PMC10379986 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophoresis of urine to evaluate different urinary proteins has been used in recent years in veterinary medicine, as it can be a useful laboratory tool in the early detection of kidney damage. However, urinary capillary electrophoresis (UCE) has not been reported in healthy cats. In healthy dogs, reference intervals have been established and can be compared with pathological samples as these provide an easily interpretable pattern. The electrophoretogram in this study is divided into five fractions (F1-F5) by serum (albumin; alpha1-globulin; alpha2-globulin; beta-globulin; and gamma-globulin). Urine samples from 14 healthy cats were obtained by eco-guided cystocentesis. UCE was run in all samples and compared to 123 dog electrophoretograms from a previously published study. Fraction 2 (alpha1-globulin) was statistically decreased in cats (G1) compared to dogs (G2). Fraction 4 (beta-globulin) was statistically augmented in cats compared to the canine population (G2). Fraction 5 (gamma-globulin) was statistically decreased in cats (G1) compared to dogs (G2). No statistical correlation was found between each cat's serum and urinary fractions. The results of the present study suggest that UCE patterns in cats are similar to the ones described in dogs. UCE can be a non-invasive new diagnostic tool in cats as pathological patterns can be compared to normal ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Martyna Wsol
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Paula Fátima Navarro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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Navarro PF, Fernández-Barredo S, Gil L. Urinary phoretograms performed by capillary electrophoresis in dogs with chronic disease with or without Leishmania infantum infection. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:979669. [PMID: 36467666 PMCID: PMC9716102 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.979669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study of early markers to detect kidney malfunction has increased in recent years since serum markers, such as creatinine increase when there is a 75% loss of renal mass. Urinary capillary electrophoresis (UCE) is an available laboratory technique that provides an easily interpretable electrophoretic pattern. This pattern in our study has been divided into five fractions as it is done in serum: fraction 1 migrating in the albumin zone, fraction 2 in the alpha1-globulins zone, fraction 3 in the alpha2-globulins zone, fraction 4 in the beta-globulins zone, and fraction 5 in the gamma globulins zone. UCE can be useful in the early diagnosis of renal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, UCE was performed in dogs with azotemia and proteinuria due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) not related to Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) infection (G1, n = 11) and dogs with CKD related to L. infantum infection (G2, n = 17) and compared with reference intervals from healthy dogs (G0, n = 123), with the aim of comparing their phoretograms and assessing changes in the fractions of the phoretograms based on the health status of individuals. RESULTS Fraction 2 was statistically augmented in dogs with CKD (G1) when compared with the healthy population (G0) and dogs infected by L. infantum (G2). Fraction 3 was statistically increased in dogs with CKD (G1) and dogs infected by L. infantum (G2) compared with G0. Fraction 4 was found to be statistically decreased in dogs with CKD (G1) and dogs infected by L. infantum (G2) compared with G0. Fraction 5 was statistically higher in dogs with L. infantum (G2) compared with G0 and dogs with CKD (G1). No statistical relationship was found between the protein to creatinine ratio and different fractions from the urinary phoretogram in the study population. No statistical relationship was found between serum and urine fractions in the study population. DISCUSSION The results of the present study suggest that UCE is a promising non-invasive technique that might be used as a part of the diagnostic and follow-up in dogs with kidney disease due to different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fátima Navarro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salceda Fernández-Barredo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
- CEDIVET (Centro Diagnóstico Veterinario), Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Gil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
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Prüllage ML, Schwendenwein I, Eberspächer-Schweda E, Kneissl S. Does intravenous contrast medium administration result in altered renal biomarkers? A study in clinically stable cats with and without azotemia. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:565-579. [PMID: 34493101 PMCID: PMC11104225 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211038535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of post-contrast acute kidney injury or comparable side effects on kidney function in cats receiving the non-ionic, iodinated agent ioversol and/or paramagnetic agent gadoteric acid. METHODS Fifty-two animals were divided into four groups on the basis of contrast medium administration for imaging: ioversol (n = 27), gadoteric acid (n = 12), dual contrast media (n = 4) or control, which received an infusion of isotone intravenous fluids only during anaesthesia (n = 9). Blood and urine samples were obtained three times after contrast administration and compared with values obtained prior to administration of the contrast medium. Creatinine (<1.60 mg/dl), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA; ⩽14 μg/dl), urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC; <0.2) and critical differences for creatinine (<0.3 mg/dl) and SDMA (<5.98 μg/dl) were measured. RESULTS No significant short-term effects on mean creatinine, SDMA and UPC measurements were seen. Borderline proteinuria (UPC, 0.2-0.4) was detected in 11.4% of cases after contrast media administration. A UPC of more than 0.2 in five cases indicated that contrast media may affect kidney function, leading to (transient) proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found no side effect on renal function following the administration of ioversol or gadoteric acid, provided patients were adequately hydrated. However, the clinical relevance of proteinuria in some cats needs to be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Prüllage
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwendenwein
- Clinical Pathology Platform, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Eberspächer-Schweda
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive-Care Medicine, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Kneissl
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Navarro PF, Gil L, Martín G, Fernández-Barredo S. Reference intervals for electrophoretograms obtained by capillary electrophoresis of dialyzed urine from healthy dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:632-639. [PMID: 34088253 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophoresis of urine to evaluate protein fractions in dogs with proteinuria to differentiate glomerular from tubular damage has increased in recent years; however, capillary electrophoresis (CE) of urine has not been reported in a study of > 40 healthy animals, to our knowledge. We aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for the urine protein fractions obtained by CE of urine from healthy dogs. We obtained urine samples from 123 clinically healthy dogs of both sexes between December 2016 and April 2019; urine was frozen until CE was performed. The electrophoretic patterns obtained were divided into 5 protein fractions, and RIs were established in percentages and absolute values using nonparametric methods. RIs were obtained for the fractions (F) as follows: 5.5 to 56.2% for F1, 3.2 to 16.5% for F2, 3.5 to 16.2% for F3, 17.8 to 69.8% for F4, and 5.1 to 23.9% for F5. These RIs obtained by CE might be useful clinically as a basis for comparison with pathologic samples. Age was a statistically significant factor for F2 (p = 0.01) and F3 (p = 0.02), and sex was a statistically significant factor for F1 (p = 0.03).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula F Navarro
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Gil
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales
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Roura X, Cortadellas O, Day MJ, Benali SL, Zatelli A. Canine leishmaniosis and kidney disease: Q&A for an overall management in clinical practice. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:E1-E19. [PMID: 33107613 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - O Cortadellas
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, 46115, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 6150, Murdoch, Australia
| | - S L Benali
- Laboratorio La Vallonea, 20017, Milano, Italy
| | | | - A Zatelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70010, Bari, Italy
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Giraldi M, Paltrinieri S, Scarpa P. Electrophoretic patterns of proteinuria in feline spontaneous chronic kidney disease. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:114-121. [PMID: 30724696 PMCID: PMC10814560 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19827597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to describe the electrophoretic patterns of proteinuria in cats at risk of and cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to investigate whether the presence of high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteins were associated with CKD, proteinuria and/or disease progression. METHODS Healthy cats at risk of developing renal disease (n = 17) and cats affected with CKD at different stages (n = 22) were prospectively enrolled and sampled over time. Seventy urine samples were included and assayed with a commercially available sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) method. Each sample (gel lane) was inspected to identify albumin, HMW and LMW proteins, and an electrophoretic pattern (albuminuria, glomerular, tubular, mixed or negative) was assigned accordingly. Fisher's exact test was used to assess the distribution of HMW and LMW proteins in cats grouped according to International Renal Interest Society stage and to the magnitude of proteinuria, and to assess if HMW and LMW proteins at the time of inclusion were associated with the development and progression of CKD. RESULTS In samples of cats at risk, the most common pattern was glomerular (84.6%); glomerular pattern was also common in cats with CKD (54.2%), although mixed proteinuria and tubular proteinuria were also present (29.5% and 11.4%, respectively). The presence of LMW proteins was associated with CKD (P <0.0001) and to a urine protein:creatinine ratio >0.2 (P = 0.025). Both HMW and LMW proteins were not associated with progression of CKD within 6 months (n = 14). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our results showed that HMW proteinuria is common in healthy cats at risk of developing CKD, although the pathological significance needs to be confirmed. The detection of LMW proteins in urine of cats suspected to be affected by CKD, especially in non-azotaemic, non-proteinuric or borderline proteinuric cats, suggests the presence of kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giraldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paola Scarpa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Hokamp JA, Leidy SA, Gaynanova I, Cianciolo RE, Nabity MB. Correlation of electrophoretic urine protein banding patterns with severity of renal damage in dogs with proteinuric chronic kidney disease. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:425-434. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Hokamp
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas
| | - Sidney A. Leidy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas
| | - Irina Gaynanova
- Department of Statistics; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas
| | - Rachel E. Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Mary B. Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas
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Paltrinieri S, Mangiagalli G, Ibba F. Use of urinary γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) to monitor the pattern of proteinuria in dogs with leishmaniasis treated with N-methylglucamine antimoniate. Res Vet Sci 2018; 119:52-55. [PMID: 29857246 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess if the coupled analysis of the urinary protein to creatinine (UPC) ratio and of the GGT/UC ratio (the ratio between urinary γ-glutamyl transferase activity and urinary creatinine) may be used in treated leishmaniotic dogs to differentiate dogs with transient impairment of tubular function from dogs with persistent tubular damage. To this aim, 40 urine from 10 proteinuric and leishmaniotic dogs that at the first visit had high GGT/UC ratio, consistent with tubular damage, were collected and analyzed before treatments and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after treatment with N-methylglucamine antimoniate and allopurinol. Compared with pre-treatment values, at the end of the study period the UPC ratio decreased only in 5/10 dogs, which, however, were still proteinuric or borderline proteinuric. Conversely, the GGT/CU ratio decreased in 8/10 dogs and in 3 of them the values at the end of the study period were below the threshold consistent with tubular proteinuria. The GGT/UC values at 6 weeks was significantly lower than before treatment. However, transient increases were frequent for both the analytes. These results indicate that in most of the dogs that remain proteinuric after treatment, likely due to the persistent glomerular damage, the GGT/UC ratio tends to normalize. This suggests that in these dogs tubular proteinuria at admission depends on functional impairment of tubular cells likely due to the overflow of proteins from damaged glomeruli. However, tubular proteinuria occasionally persists, suggesting that tubulointerstitial damages persist even in dogs responsive to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Fabrizio Ibba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Veterinary Clinic Poggio dei Pini, Capoterra, Cagliari, Italy
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12
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Meléndez-Lazo A, Ordeix L, Planellas M, Pastor J, Solano-Gallego L. Clinicopathological findings in sick dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum : Comparison of five different clinical classification systems. Res Vet Sci 2018; 117:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Vidal PN, Miceli DD, Arias ES, D'Anna E, García JD, Castillo VA. Decrease of nitric oxide and increase in diastolic blood pressure are two events that affect renal function in dogs with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Open Vet J 2018; 8:86-95. [PMID: 29721437 PMCID: PMC5918129 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperadrenocorticism is a frequent disease in dogs. The excess of circulating cortisol affects different organs and metabolic pathways, producing severe adverse effects that endanger the animal’s life. Among these effects, hypertension and renal damage can be mentioned. A group of 20 dogs with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) and 12 control dogs were used to study the following parameters: cortisol and nitric oxide (NO nit/nit) concentrations, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, renal artery resistance index by Doppler ultrasound, the rate of glomerular filtration by radio-renogram excretion and the presence of proteins in urine. Dogs with PDH showed a significantly lower NO nit/nit (P<0.0001) than the controls and this correlated with high values of diastolic and systolic pressure (r = -0.87; P<0.0001 and r = -0.81; P<0.0001 respectively). Most dogs (80%) are hypertensive mainly due to an increase in diastolic pressure, which correlated positively with the UPC (r = 0.8; P<0.001) and negatively with the glomerular rate of filtration (r = -0.58; P=0.007). Systolic pressure only increased in 60% of the cases and did not correlate with the mentioned variables. In PDH the decrease of NO affects blood pressure. The diastolic pressure would seem to have the greatest impact on the kidneys, therefore its evaluation and control are important to avoid and/or control renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia N Vidal
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales and U. de Endocrinología, Argentina.,U. Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Hospital Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Argentina.,Research fellow of CONICET. Av. Chorroarín 280, (1427) C. A. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego D Miceli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales and U. de Endocrinología, Argentina.,U. Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Hospital Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Argentina.,Research fellow of CONICET. Av. Chorroarín 280, (1427) C. A. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elber Soler Arias
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales and U. de Endocrinología, Argentina
| | - Elena D'Anna
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales and U. de Endocrinología, Argentina.,U. Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Hospital Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Argentina
| | - Jorge D García
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales and U. de Endocrinología, Argentina
| | - Victor Alejandro Castillo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales and U. de Endocrinología, Argentina
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14
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Théron ML, Piane L, Lucarelli L, Henrion R, Layssol-Lamour C, Palanché F, Concordet D, Braun JPD, Trumel C, Lavoué R. Effects of storage conditions on results for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of proteins in canine urine. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:990-999. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.8.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Bonsembiante F, Centelleghe C, Rossi G, Giglio S, Madeo E, Gelain ME, Mazzariol S. Clinico-pathological findings in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) affected by rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric nephrosis (capture myopathy). J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1013-1018. [PMID: 28442646 PMCID: PMC5487775 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) calf stranded alive because of
a Salter-Harris fracture type 1 of a caudal vertebra and remained in a provisional
rehabilitation facility for 3 days where the fracture stabilization was attempted, but he
died the day after bandaging. Serum and urine samples were collected during
hospitalization (days 1, 2 and 3 serum and day 2 urine). Serum analysis showed increased
urea, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and serum amyloid A values, while
creatinine was below the lower limit. Urine analysis showed urinary protein-to-creatinine
ratio of 5.3 with glomerular proteinuria. Postmortem analyses demonstrated a severe
rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric nephrosis, suggestive of capture myopathy syndrome. We
report, for the first time, the clinico-pathological changes during this condition in a
striped dolphin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bonsembiante
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, 6150, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Stefania Giglio
- Calabrian Regional Network for Marine Animals Stranding, 88100, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Elena Madeo
- Calabrian Regional Network for Marine Animals Stranding, 88100, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Gelain
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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16
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Paltrinieri S, Gradoni L, Roura X, Zatelli A, Zini E. Laboratory tests for diagnosing and monitoring canine leishmaniasis. Vet Clin Pathol 2016; 45:552-578. [PMID: 27805725 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although several reviews on canine leishmaniasis have been published, none thoroughly described clinicopathologic abnormalities and their clinical usefulness. The aim of this review was to provide information concerning current diagnostic tests relevant for clinical pathologists and from a practical perspective. Specifically, in canine leishmaniasis, nonregenerative normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or leukogram changes may be present. Clinical chemistry and urinalysis may indicate renal dysfunction (azotemia, decreased urine specific gravity, proteinuria) and an inflammatory/immune response (increased acute phase proteins [APP] or α2 - and/or γ-globulins). Although a potential gammopathy is usually polyclonal, it may also appear oligo- or monoclonal, especially in dogs coinfected by other vector-borne pathogens. When lesions are accessible to fine-needle aspiration (lymphoadenomegaly, nodular lesions, joint swelling), cytology is strongly advised, as the presence of Leishmania amastigotes in a pattern of pyogranulomatous inflammation or lymphoplasmacytic hyperplasia is diagnostic. If the cytologic pattern is inconclusive, the parasite should be identified by histology/immunohistochemistry or PCR on surgical biopsies. Alternatively, cytology and PCR may be performed on bone marrow samples where amastigotes, along with erythroid hypoplasia, myeloid hyperplasia, plasmacytosis, or secondary dysmyelopoiesis can be observed. Dogs with overt leishmaniasis generally have high antibody titers, while low titers predominate in immunologically resistant infected dogs or in exposed dogs with no parasite confirmation. Quantitative serology is recommended in clinically suspect dogs as high-titer antibodies titers may confirm the clinical diagnosis. In confirmed and treated dogs, renal function and inflammatory/immune response variables should be periodically monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Gradoni
- Unit of Vector-borne Diseases & International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Eric Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy
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17
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Crivellenti LZ, Silva GEB, Borin-Crivellenti S, Cianciolo R, Adin CA, Dantas M, dos Anjos DS, Tinucci-Costa M, Santana AE. Prevalence of Glomerulopathies in Canine Mammary Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164479. [PMID: 27764139 PMCID: PMC5072677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of paraneoplastic glomerulopathy, especially associated with carcinoma, are a matter of debate and the causal link between cancer and glomerular diseases remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate renal biopsies of selected bitches with spontaneous mammary gland carcinoma. We hypothesized that dogs with mammary carcinomas would show histologic evidence of glomerular pathology. A prospective study was performed in dogs with naturally occurring mammary carcinoma that were undergoing tumor resection and ovariohysterectomy. We evaluated renal biopsies of 32 bitches with spontaneous mammary gland carcinoma and 11 control dogs without mammary gland neoplasia. Samples were obtained from the left kidney and the biopsy material was divided for light microscopy (LM), immunofluorescence (IF) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Light microscopy abnormalities were identified in 78.1% of dogs with mammary carcinoma (n = 25) and in none of the dogs in the control group. Focal glomerular mesangial matrix expansion was the most common alteration (n = 15, 60.0%), but mesangial cell proliferation (n = 9, 36.0%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (n = 9, 36.0%), synechiae (n = 7, 28.0%), and globally sclerotic glomeruli (n = 6, 24.0%) were also frequent in dogs with malignancy. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed strong IgM staining was demonstrated in 64.3% (n = 18) of carcinoma dogs. Transmission electron microscopy from dogs with carcinoma revealed slight changes, the most frequent of which was faint sub-endothelial and mesangial deposits of electron-dense material (78%). Mesangial cell interpositioning and segmental effacement of podocyte foot processes were identified in some specimens (45%). Changes in the glomerulus and proteinuria are common in dogs with naturally occurring mammary carcinoma and this condition appears to provide an excellent large animal model for cancer-associated glomerulopathy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Z. Crivellenti
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Franca University (UNIFRAN), Franca, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
- Department of Renal Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Gyl E. B. Silva
- Department of Renal Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sofia Borin-Crivellenti
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rachel Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Adin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, United States of America
| | - Márcio Dantas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Nephrology), Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denner S. dos Anjos
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Franca University (UNIFRAN), Franca, Brazil
| | - Mirela Tinucci-Costa
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Aureo E. Santana
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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18
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Cianciolo R, Hokamp J, Nabity M. Advances in the evaluation of canine renal disease. Vet J 2016; 215:21-9. [PMID: 27198066 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many recent advances in the evaluation of dogs with kidney disease have improved our diagnostic algorithms and have impacted our therapeutic strategies. Non-invasive techniques, such as urinary and serologic biomarker evaluation, can help a clinician diagnose and treat a patient that cannot undergo a renal biopsy for clinical or financial reasons. Some biomarkers might help localize the affected structure (glomerulus vs. tubule) and indicate the type or severity of injury present. Although more research is needed, studies indicate that some biomarkers (e.g. urine protein to creatinine ratio and urinary immunoglobulins) can be useful in predicting adverse outcomes. Importantly, the sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers for renal injury should be established and clinicians need to understand the limitations of these assays. If a renal biopsy is performed, then it should be evaluated by a specialty diagnostic service with expertise in nephropathology. A panel of special stains, immunofluorescence for the detection of immunoglobulins and complement factors, and transmission electron microscopy can be routinely employed in cases of glomerular disease. These advanced diagnostics can be used to detect immune deposits in order to definitively diagnose immune complex mediated glomerular disease. Integrating the results of biomarker assays and comprehensive renal biopsy evaluation, the clinician can make informed therapeutic decisions, such as whether or not to immunosuppress a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jessica Hokamp
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mary Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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19
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Urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as a marker of tubular proteinuria in dogs with canine leishmaniasis, using sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) electrophoresis as a reference method. Vet J 2016; 210:89-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Lavoué R, Trumel C, Smets PMY, Braun JP, Aresu L, Daminet S, Concordet D, Palanché F, Peeters D. Characterization of Proteinuria in Dogue de Bordeaux Dogs, a Breed Predisposed to a Familial Glomerulonephropathy: A Retrospective Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133311. [PMID: 26181659 PMCID: PMC4504498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogue de Bordeaux dog has been reported to be predisposed to a familial glomerulonephropathy that displays some morphological modifications reported in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Prevalence of quantitatively abnormal renal proteinuria was recently reported to be 33% in this breed. The nature of the proteinuria was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and determinations of urinary markers (urinary retinol-binding protein, urinary N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, urinary albumin and urinary immunoglobulin G) on stored specimens. Diagnostic performances of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis to identify dogs with elevated urinary biomarkers were assessed. Samples from 102 adult Dogue de Bordeaux dogs (47 non-proteinuric [urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ≤ 0.2], 20 borderline-proteinuric [0.2< urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ≤ 0.5] and 35 proteinuric dogs [urine protein-to-creatinine ratio >0.5]) were used, of which 2 were suffering from familial glomerulonephropathy. The electrophoretic protein patterns, for all but one proteinuric dog, were indicative of a glomerular origin and, in all dogs, the urinary albumin concentration related to creatinine concentration and the urinary immunoglobulin G concentration related to creatinine concentration were above the upper limit of the reference interval established for the breed. Sensitivity and specificity of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis identifying dogs with elevated urinary albumin concentration were 94% and 92%, respectively, while diagnostic performance of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis in detecting dogs with elevated urinary immunoglobulin G concentration yielded sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 74%, respectively. These results suggest that all proteinuric and some borderline-proteinuric Dogue de Bordeaux dogs likely have underlying glomerular lesions and that sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and urinary markers might be useful to screen dogs with borderline-proteinuria. Additional investigations are warranted to assess if these findings are related to the familial glomerulonephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lavoué
- Internal Medicine Unit, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
- INSERM, UMS 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale M. Y. Smets
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Braun
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
- INSERM, UMS 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Didier Concordet
- UMR 1331 Toxalim, INRA, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Palanché
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Peeters
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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21
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Paltrinieri S, Sironi G, Giori L, Faverzani S, Longeri M. Changes in serum and urine SAA concentrations and qualitative and quantitative proteinuria in Abyssinian cats with familial amyloidosis: a five-year longitudinal study (2009-2014). J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:505-12. [PMID: 25776129 PMCID: PMC4895502 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of familial amyloidosis (FA) in Abyssinian cats usually is made on postmortem examination. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Sequential analysis of serum SAA (sSAA), urinary SAA (uSAA), urinary protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio, or sodium-dodecylsulfate agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) may facilitate early identification of cats with FA. ANIMALS Twenty-three Abyssinian cats belonging to cattery A or B (low and high prevalence of FA, respectively). METHODS Prospective longitudinal study using 109 blood and 100 urine samples collected over 4-year period every 4 months, if possible, or more frequently in case of illness. Cats that died during study were necropsied. Health status of live cats was checked 5 years after enrollment. Serum amyloid A (sSAA) and urinary SAA (uSAA) were measured using ELISA kit. The UPC ratio and SDS-AGE also was performed. RESULTS Familial amyloidosis was not identified in cattery A, whereas 7/14 cats from cattery B had FA. Serum amyloid A concentrations were not significantly different between cats in catteries A and B or between cats with or without FA, despite frequent peaks in cats from cattery B. Conversely, uSAA was significantly higher in cattery B, especially in the terminal phases of FA. Proteinuria occasionally was found in cats from both catteries, especially in those with FA. Urine protein electrophoresis identified mixed proteinuria only in cats with FA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Serum amyloid A and UPC ratio are not helpful for early identification of Abyssinian cats with FA. Conversely, increases in uSAA with or without mixed proteinuria may be found before onset of clinical signs in cats with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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22
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Pintore L, Paltrinieri S, Vadori M, Besenzon F, Cavicchioli L, De Benedictis GM, Calabrese F, Cozzi E, Nottle MB, Robson SC, Cowan PJ, Castagnaro M. Clinicopathological findings in non-human primate recipients of porcine renal xenografts: quantitative and qualitative evaluation of proteinuria. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20:449-57. [PMID: 24112104 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological and histopathological features in pig-to-primate renal xenotransplantation are widely studied. Only limited data have been reported about clinicopathological findings in primate recipients of life-supporting renal xenografts. In human medicine, proteinuria represents a common complication in kidney transplantation and is associated with impaired graft survival. The detection of low molecular weight proteins of tubular origin is considered an early method for predicting potential graft rejection. In this study, the presence and the significance of quantitative and qualitative proteinuria were evaluated in xenotransplanted non-human primates in which kidney function was supported only by the transplanted organ. METHODS Eight bilaterally nephrectomized cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were transplanted with a single kidney from α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout (GTKO) pigs transgenic for human CD39, CD55, CD59, and α1,2-fucosyltransferase. In addition to hematological and biochemical analyses, quantitative and qualitative analysis of proteinuria was evaluated by urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC ratio) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE), respectively. RESULTS The main hematological and biochemical changes recorded after transplantation were a progressive anemia and a severe and progressive decrease in total proteins. In urine samples, the UPC ratio was low before transplantation and increased after transplantation. Similarly, SDS-AGE was negative before transplantation, but bands consistent with mixed (i.e., tubular and glomerular) proteinuria were observed in all samples collected post-transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The study of clinicopathological changes in cynomolgus monkey renal xenograft recipients provides a valid help in monitoring the health conditions in the post-transplant period. Moreover, the evaluation of UPC ratio and the use of SDS-AGE technique in urine samples of cynomolgus monkey renal xenograft recipients may be considered a valid, inexpensive, and less time-consuming method than more sophisticated techniques in monitoring proteinuria. Proteinuria and presence of low molecular weight (LMW) proteins were consistently found in urine after transplantation, independent of fluctuations in renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pintore
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Nutrition, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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23
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Brown M, Cianciolo R, Nabity M, Brown C, Clubb F, Lees G. Masitinib-Associated Minimal Change Disease with Acute Tubular Necrosis Resulting in Acute Kidney Injury in a Dog. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1622-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - R.E. Cianciolo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC
| | - M.B. Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX
| | - C.A. Brown
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory; College of Veterinary Medicine; The University of Georgia; Athens GA
| | - F.J. Clubb
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX
| | - G.E. Lees
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX
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24
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De Loor J, Daminet S, Smets P, Maddens B, Meyer E. Urinary biomarkers for acute kidney injury in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:998-1010. [PMID: 23952327 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Routinely, kidney dysfunction and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are diagnosed by the evaluation of changes in the serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations. However, neither of these tests is sensitive or specific enough for the early diagnosis of impaired kidney function because they are both affected by other renal and nonrenal factors. Furthermore, kidney injury can be present in the absence of kidney dysfunction. Renal reserve enables normal GFR even when nephrons are damaged. Renal biomarkers, especially those present in urine, may be useful for the study of both acute and chronic nephropathies. The aim of this review is to describe the current status of urinary biomarkers as diagnostic tools for kidney injury in dogs with particular focus on acute kidney injury (AKI). The International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) canine AKI grading system and the implementation of urinary biomarkers in this system also are discussed. The discovery of novel urinary biomarkers has emerged from hypotheses about the pathophysiology of kidney injury, but few proteomic urine screening approaches have been described in dogs. Lack of standardization of biomarker assays further complicates the comparison of novel canine urinary biomarker validation results among studies. Future research should focus on novel biomarkers of renal origin and evaluate promising biomarkers in different clinical conditions. Validation of selected urinary biomarkers in the diagnosis of canine kidney diseases must include dogs with both renal and nonrenal diseases to evaluate their sensitivity, specificity as well as their negative and positive predictive values.
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Affiliation(s)
- J De Loor
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Smets PMY, Lefebvre HP, Aresu L, Croubels S, Haers H, Piron K, Meyer E, Daminet S. Renal function and morphology in aged Beagle dogs before and after hydrocortisone administration. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31702. [PMID: 22393368 PMCID: PMC3290534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives of this study were to evaluate glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal structural changes and proteinuria in aged Beagle dogs before and after hydrocortisone (HC) administration. Eleven Beagle dogs ≥10 years old were treated with either hydrocortisone (HC group, n = 6) or placebo (control group, n = 5). Urinary markers, GFR and kidney biopsies were evaluated before (T0), during (T16 wks) and after discontinuing HC administration (T24 wks). Results indicate that HC administration causes a significant increase in GFR. At all time points except T16 wks, proteinuria was higher in the control group than in the HC group, and there was no significant difference in urinary markers between groups. At T16 wks, proteinuria, urinary albumin-to-creatinine (c) ratio, immunoglobulin G/c and retinol-binding protein/c were higher compared to baseline in the HC group. At T0, rare to mild renal lesions were detected in all HC dogs and rare to moderate changes in all control dogs. Glomerulosclerosis progressed in both groups until T24 wks. Tubular atrophy was detected in three HC dogs at T16 wks and T24 wks, but also in five control dogs throughout the study. At every time point, five HC dogs and all control dogs had rare to moderate interstitial inflammation. Rare to mild interstitial fibrosis was found in up to three HC dogs at T16 wks and T24 wks, and severe fibrosis in one HC dog at T24 wks. Up to four control dogs had rare to mild fibrosis at all time points. These findings indicate that clinically healthy, aged Beagle dogs may have considerable renal lesions and proteinuria, which could have implications for experimental or toxicological studies. Additional research is needed to elucidate glucocorticoid effects on renal structure, but functional changes such as hyperfiltration and proteinuria warrant attention to kidney function of canine patients with Cushing's syndrome or receiving exogenous glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale M Y Smets
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Schaefer H, Kohn B, Schweigert F, Raila J. Quantitative and Qualitative Urine Protein Excretion in Dogs with Severe Inflammatory Response Syndrome. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:1292-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Schaefer
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Institute of Nutritional Science; University of Potsdam; Nuthetal; Germany
| | - B. Kohn
- Small Animal Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - F.J. Schweigert
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Institute of Nutritional Science; University of Potsdam; Nuthetal; Germany
| | - J. Raila
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Institute of Nutritional Science; University of Potsdam; Nuthetal; Germany
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Giori L, Tricomi FM, Zatelli A, Roura X, Paltrinieri S. High-resolution gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulphate–agarose gel electrophoresis on urine samples for qualitative analysis of proteinuria in dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:682-90. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638711407900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the current study were to assess whether sodium dodecyl sulphate–agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) and high-resolution electrophoresis (HRE) can identify dogs with a urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC ratio) >0.2 and whether HRE can provide preliminary information about the type of proteinuria, using SDS-AGE as a reference method. HRE and SDS-AGE were conducted on 87 urine samples classified according to the International Renal Interest Society as non-proteinuric (NP; UPC ratio: <0.20; 32/87), borderline proteinuric (BP; UPC ratio: 0.21–0.50; 15/87), or proteinuric (P; UPC ratio: >0.51; 40/87). SDS-AGE and HRE were positive in 14 out of 32 and 3 out of 32 NP samples and in 52 out of 55 and 40 out of 55 samples with a UPC ratio >0.20, respectively. The concordance between HRE or SDS and UPC ratio was comparable (κ = 0.59; κ = 0.55). However, specificity (90%) and positive likelihood ratio (7.76) were higher for HRE than for SDS-AGE (56% and 2.16) while sensitivity was lower (73% vs. 94%). The analysis of HRE results revealed that a percentage of albumin >41.4% and an albumin/α1-globulin ratio (alb/α1 ratio) >1.46 can identify samples classified by SDS-AGE as affected by glomerular proteinuria while a percentage of α1-globulin >40.8% and an alb/α1 ratio <0.84 can identify samples classified by SDS-AGE as affected by tubular proteinuria. In conclusion, both SDS-AGE and HRE could misclassify samples with a UPC ratio higher or lower than 0.20. Therefore, UPC ratio must always be determined before conducting these tests. The percentage of albumin and α1-globulin or the alb/α1 ratio determined by HRE can provide preliminary information about the origin of proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giori
- Department of Veterinary Pathology Hygiene and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Giori, Tricomi, Paltrinieri)
- Clinica Veterinaria Pirani, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Zatelli)
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Roura)
| | - Flavia Marcella Tricomi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology Hygiene and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Giori, Tricomi, Paltrinieri)
- Clinica Veterinaria Pirani, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Zatelli)
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Roura)
| | - Andrea Zatelli
- Department of Veterinary Pathology Hygiene and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Giori, Tricomi, Paltrinieri)
- Clinica Veterinaria Pirani, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Zatelli)
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Roura)
| | - Xavier Roura
- Department of Veterinary Pathology Hygiene and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Giori, Tricomi, Paltrinieri)
- Clinica Veterinaria Pirani, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Zatelli)
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Roura)
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Pathology Hygiene and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Giori, Tricomi, Paltrinieri)
- Clinica Veterinaria Pirani, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Zatelli)
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (Roura)
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Nabity MB, Lees GE, Dangott LJ, Cianciolo R, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Proteomic analysis of urine from male dogs during early stages of tubulointerstitial injury in a canine model of progressive glomerular disease. Vet Clin Pathol 2011; 40:222-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Raila J, Brunnberg L, Schweigert FJ, Kohn B. Influence of kidney function on urinary excretion of albumin and retinol-binding protein in dogs with naturally occurring renal disease. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:1387-94. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.11.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Gerber B, Eichenberger S, Haug K, Wittenbrink MM, Reusch CE. Association of urine protein excretion and infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Bernese Mountain dogs. Vet J 2009; 182:487-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Aresu L, Zanatta R, Pregel P, Caliari D, Tursi M, Valenza F, Tarducci A. Bilateral juvenile renal dysplasia in a Norwegian Forest Cat. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11:326-9. [PMID: 18948046 PMCID: PMC10911465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal dysplasia is defined as a condition of disorganised development of renal parenchyma due to abnormal differentiation. The case of a 5-month-old intact male Norwegian Forest Cat with a history of polyuria and polydipsia is reported. Ultrasonographic examination showed a slight enlargement of kidneys. Biochemical parameters, haematological examinations and clinical signs were compatible with chronic renal failure (CRF). Histological examination was correlated with a primary tubular disorganisation and modification of glomerular compartment. The clinical history together with the histological lesions is consistent with bilateral juvenile renal dysplasia in this cat. To our knowledge, feline renal dysplasia has been reported in fetal infections with panleukopenia virus; no reports indicate the idiopathic origin in feline dysplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Aresu
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Torino, via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Torino, Italy.
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Wehner A, Hartmann K, Hirschberger J. Associations between proteinuria, systemic hypertension and glomerular filtration rate in dogs with renal and non-renal diseases. Vet Rec 2008; 162:141-7. [PMID: 18245745 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.5.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Proteinuria and systemic hypertension are well recognised risk factors in chronic renal failure (CRF). They are consequences of renal disease but also lead to a further loss of functional kidney tissue. The objectives of this study were to investigate the associations between proteinuria, systemic hypertension and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs with naturally occurring renal and non-renal diseases, and to determine whether proteinuria and hypertension were associated with shorter survival times in dogs with CRF. Measurements of exogenous creatinine plasma clearance (ECPC), urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC), and Doppler sonographic measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP) were made in 60 dogs with various diseases. There was a weak but significant inverse correlation between UPC and ECPC, a significant inverse correlation between SBP and ECPC and a weak but significant positive correlation between UPC and SBP. Some of the dogs with CRF were proteinuric and almost all were hypertensive. Neoplasia was commonly associated with proteinuria in the dogs with a normal ECPC. CRF was the most common cause leading to hypertension. In the dogs with CRF, hypertension and marked proteinuria were associated with significantly shorter survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wehner
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Cavana P, Capucchio MT, Bovero A, Ripanti D, Catalano D, Scaglione FE, Miller J, Blunden T, Farca AM. Noncongophilic Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis in a Cat. Vet Pathol 2008; 45:347-51. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-3-347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This report describes an uncommon case of nonamyloidotic fibrillary glomerulonephritis. A 5-year-old female European cat was presented with nephrotic syndrome. Serum biochemistry and urinalysis revealed a mild increase in cholesterol, low total protein, severe hypoalbuminemia, and high proteinuria with a high protein-to-creatinine ratio. An histologic examination revealed an interstitial nephritis and a diffuse glomerulonephritis, with multifocal thickening of the Bowman's capsule. Transmission electron microscopy showed widespread fibrillary deposits in the glomerular basement membrane and in the mesangium. These fibrils ranged between 18 and 26 nm in diameter and were Congo red negative, which allowed their differentiation from amyloid. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) within the mesangium. Renal deposits of Congo red-negative amyloid-like fibrils have been described in humans, horses, monkeys, and dogs. This is the first report of noncongophilic fibrillary glomerulopathy in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Cavana
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - M. T. Capucchio
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - A. Bovero
- Veterinary Clinic Valsusa, Avigliana, Turin, Italy
| | - D. Ripanti
- Veterinary Clinic Valsusa, Avigliana, Turin, Italy
| | - D. Catalano
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - F. E. Scaglione
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - J. Miller
- Animal Health Trust, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - T. Blunden
- Animal Health Trust, Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - A. M. Farca
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
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Cavana P, Vittone V, Capucchio MT, Farca AM. Parathyroid adenocarcinoma in a nephropathic Persian cat. J Feline Med Surg 2006; 8:340-4. [PMID: 16651017 PMCID: PMC10822237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This report describes an uncommon clinical case of cystic parathyroid adenocarcinoma. A 17-year-old male Persian cat was presented for evaluation of a ventral cervical mass. The cat was inappetent and showed weight loss, polydipsia and vomiting. Serum biochemistry and urinalysis revealed moderate hypercalcaemia, a mild increase of creatinine, isosthenuria and proteinuria. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-agarose gel electrophoresis showed a mixed tubular proteinuric pattern, in accordance with histological examination that revealed interstitial nephritis and glomerulonephritis. Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma was based on histopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cavana
- Section of Clinical Science, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Valentina Vittone
- Section of Clinical Science, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Maria T. Capucchio
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Anna M. Farca
- Section of Clinical Science, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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36
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Zatelli A, D'Ippolito P, Zini E. COMPARISON OF GLOMERULAR NUMBER AND SPECIMEN LENGTH OBTAINED FROM 100 DOGS VIA PERCUTANEOUS ECHO-ASSISTED RENAL BIOPSY USING TWO DIFFERENT NEEDLES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005; 46:434-6. [PMID: 16250404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate possible differences in the number of glomeruli and length of renal biopsies collected in canine subjects by two different types of biopsy needles: a semiautomatic 18-gauge Trucut and an automated 18-gauge Jamshidi modified (Biopince). One hundred biopsy samples obtained from dogs of different ages and gender affected by different nephropathies were evaluated retrospectively. All animals were biopsied using one of the two different needles. Biopsies were performed under ultrasound guidance and evaluated by a single pathologist. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate possible differences in the number of glomeruli and length of renal biopsies collected comparisons were determined between subgroups of dogs with or without the identification of renal interstitial infiltrates and/or fibrosis. Neither the mean difference of the number of glomeruli nor the length of tissue sample collected with the different needles was significantly different. Likewise, the average biopsy length did not differ in dogs with or without renal interstitial infiltrate in animals biopsied with either biopsy needle. Both the Biopince and the Trucut devices provide diagnostically adequate biopsy renal specimens using ultrasound-guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zatelli
- Clinica Veterinaria Pirani, Via Majakowski 2/L, M, N, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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