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Kaffas AE, Vo-Phamhi JM, Griffin JF, Hoyt K. Critical Advances for Democratizing Ultrasound Diagnostics in Human and Veterinary Medicine. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 26:49-65. [PMID: 38166185 PMCID: PMC11238906 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110222-095229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The democratization of ultrasound imaging refers to the process of making ultrasound technology more accessible. Traditionally, ultrasound imaging has been predominately used in specialized medical facilities by trained professionals. Advancements in technology and changes in the health-care landscape have inspired efforts to broaden the availability of ultrasound imaging to various settings such as remote and resource-limited areas. In this review, we highlight several key factors that have contributed to the ongoing democratization of ultrasound imaging, including portable and handheld devices, recent advancements in technology, and training and education. Examples of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) imaging used in emergency and critical care, gastroenterology, musculoskeletal applications, and other practices are provided for both human and veterinary medicine. Open challenges and the future of POCUS imaging are presented, including the emerging role of artificial intelligence in technology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Kaffas
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jenny M Vo-Phamhi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - John F Griffin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA;
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Johnson KA, Sutherland-Smith J, Oura TJ, Sato AF, Barton B. Rapid brain MRI protocols result in comparable differential diagnoses versus a full brain protocol in most canine and feline cases. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:86-94. [PMID: 35969218 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of brain disease in veterinary patients uses a wide variety of MRI sequences. A shortened protocol that maintains consistency of interpretation would reduce radiologist reporting time, patient anesthetic time, and client cost. The aims of this retrospective, methods comparison, observer agreement study were to evaluate whether abbreviated MRI protocols alter differential diagnoses and recommendations compared to our institution's standard protocol; evaluate interobserver agreement on standard brain MRIs; and assess whether differential diagnoses change after postcontrast images. Normal and pathologic canine and feline brain MRIs were retrieved from hospital archives. Three protocols were created from each: a 5-sequence noncontrast enhanced Fast Brain Protocol 1 (FBP1); a 6-sequence contrast-enhanced Fast Brain Protocol 2 (FBP2); and an 11-sequence standard brain protocol (SBP). Three blinded veterinary radiologists interpreted FBP images for 98 cases (1 reader/case) and SBP images for 20 cases (3 readers/case). A fourth observer compared these interpretations to the original MRI reports (OMR). Overall agreement between FBPs and OMR was good (k = 0.75) and comparable to interobserver agreement for multiple reviews of SBP cases. Postcontrast images substantially altered conclusions in 17/97 cases (17.5%), as well as improved interobserver agreement compared to noncontrast studies. The conclusions reached with shortened brain protocols were comparable to those of a full brain study. The findings supported the use of a 6-sequence brain MRI protocol (sagittal T2-weighted [T2w] TSE; transverse T2w turbo spin echo fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, T2*-weighted gradient recalled echo, T1-weighted spin echo, and diffusion weighted imaging/apparent diffusion coefficient; and postcontrast transverse T1-weighted spin echo) for dogs and cats with suspected intracranial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Sutherland-Smith
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Trisha J Oura
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy F Sato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce Barton
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation St, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Prüllage ML, Schwendenwein I, Eberspächer-Schweda E, Kneissl S. Does intravenous contrast medium administration result in altered renal biomarkers? A study in clinically stable cats with and without azotemia. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:565-579. [PMID: 34493101 PMCID: PMC11104225 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211038535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of post-contrast acute kidney injury or comparable side effects on kidney function in cats receiving the non-ionic, iodinated agent ioversol and/or paramagnetic agent gadoteric acid. METHODS Fifty-two animals were divided into four groups on the basis of contrast medium administration for imaging: ioversol (n = 27), gadoteric acid (n = 12), dual contrast media (n = 4) or control, which received an infusion of isotone intravenous fluids only during anaesthesia (n = 9). Blood and urine samples were obtained three times after contrast administration and compared with values obtained prior to administration of the contrast medium. Creatinine (<1.60 mg/dl), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA; ⩽14 μg/dl), urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC; <0.2) and critical differences for creatinine (<0.3 mg/dl) and SDMA (<5.98 μg/dl) were measured. RESULTS No significant short-term effects on mean creatinine, SDMA and UPC measurements were seen. Borderline proteinuria (UPC, 0.2-0.4) was detected in 11.4% of cases after contrast media administration. A UPC of more than 0.2 in five cases indicated that contrast media may affect kidney function, leading to (transient) proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found no side effect on renal function following the administration of ioversol or gadoteric acid, provided patients were adequately hydrated. However, the clinical relevance of proteinuria in some cats needs to be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Prüllage
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwendenwein
- Clinical Pathology Platform, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Eberspächer-Schweda
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive-Care Medicine, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Kneissl
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Hecht S, Cushing AC, Williams-Hagler DA, Craig LE, Thomas WB, Anderson KM, Ramsay EC, Conklin GA. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 50 Captive Non-domestic Felids - Technique and Imaging Diagnoses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:827870. [PMID: 35211543 PMCID: PMC8861525 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.827870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the recognized gold standard for diagnostic imaging of the central nervous system in human and veterinary patients. Information on the use of this modality and possible imaging abnormalities in captive non-domestic felids is currently limited to individual case reports or small case series. This retrospective study provides information on technique and imaging findings in a cohort of cases undergoing MRI at an academic Veterinary Medical Center. The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine MRI database was searched for non-domestic felids undergoing MRI of the brain or spine from 2008 to 2021. Medical record data were recorded, and MRI studies were reviewed. Fifty animals met the inclusion criteria. The most common brain diseases were Chiari-like malformation (n = 8) and inflammatory conditions (n = 8). Other abnormalities included pituitary lesions (n = 5), brain atrophy (n = 2), and one each of metabolic and traumatic conditions. Fourteen animals had a normal brain MRI study. The most common spinal abnormality was intervertebral disc disease (n = 7). Other disorders included vertebral dysplasia (n = 2), presumptive ischemic myelopathy (n = 1), subdural ossification causing spinal cord compression (n = 1), and multiple myeloma (n = 1). Spinal cord swelling of undetermined cause was suspected in two animals, and seven patients had a normal MRI study of the spine. MRI is a valuable tool in the diagnostic workup of non-domestic felids with presumptive neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Silke Hecht
| | - Andrew C. Cushing
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | | | - Linden E. Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - William B. Thomas
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Kimberly M. Anderson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Edward C. Ramsay
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Gordon A. Conklin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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McCready JE, Gardhouse SM, Appleby R, Beaufrěre H. Mortality rate of birds following intravenous administration of iodinated contrast medium for computed tomography. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:77-83. [PMID: 34125610 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify potential risk factors for death following IV or intraosseous (IO) administration of contrast medium in birds undergoing CT scans. ANIMALS 120 birds that underwent 134 contrast-enhanced CT scans. PROCEDURES Medical records of birds of any species that underwent a CT scan which included administration of nonionic iodinated contrast medium from June 2013 to February 2020 were included. Information on birds and use of contrast medium was extracted from the medical records as well as information on deaths following IV or IO administration of contrast medium. RESULTS 6 birds died shortly following administration of contrast medium. Necropsies were performed in 3 birds (2 cockatiels and 1 macaw), and all had lesions associated with the respiratory tract. When body weight was used as a binary variable to compare odds of death between small birds (≤ 150 g [0.33 lb]) and large birds (> 150 g), small birds had a 97-fold increased odds (OR, 97.5; 95% CI, 9.8 to 966.0) of dying following contrast medium administration. Following 131 CT scans with contrast medium administration (3 scans were excluded because of perivascular or subcutaneous leakage of contract medium), small birds had a mortality rate of 45.4% (5/11), compared with a mortality rate of 0.8% (1/120) for large (> 150 g) birds. Other variables (ie, sex, age, anesthesia or sedation, sedation protocol, and type of contrast medium) were not significantly associated with death after contrast medium administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the administration of contrast medium cannot be conclusively confirmed as the cause of death in these birds, the high mortality rate for small birds coupled with the temporality of the event following contrast medium administration justifies the cautious use of contrast medium in small sick psittacine birds.
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Argano M, Hewetson M, Kiviranta AM, Larenza Menzies MP. Seizure-like activity after gadolinium administration in an anaesthetised foal undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of MRI has been recently increasing in veterinary patients, and this modality has been adapted for use in large animals with the concurrent use of gadolinium-based contrast media. Possible adverse reactions to its administration have been described in human and veterinary medicine, but there are no reports in foals. This case report describes the occurrence of seizure-like activity following administration of gadolinium to a 1.5-month old Finnish warmblood foal that was admitted for an MRI scan and cerebral spinal fluid collection. After the administration of contrast media, severe muscle twitching was observed. Prompt intervention, facilitated by constant patient monitoring and administration of propofol and diazepam, resulted in the control of the seizure and a favourable outcome. Since no alterations were found during the diagnostic investigation, it was suspected that the seizure-like activity might have been an adverse reaction to the contrast medium.
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Nelson BB, Goodrich LR, Barrett MF, Grinstaff MW, Kawcak CE. Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities. Equine Vet J 2017; 49:410-424. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. B. Nelson
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - L. R. Goodrich
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - M. F. Barrett
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - M. W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering and Medicine; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - C. E. Kawcak
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Scarabelli S, Cripps P, Rioja E, Alderson B. Adverse reactions following administration of contrast media for diagnostic imaging in anaesthetized dogs and cats: a retrospective study. Vet Anaesth Analg 2016; 43:502-10. [PMID: 26782994 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate incidences of adverse reaction after the administration of contrast media. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective observational study. ANIMALS Animals included 356 dogs and 58 cats receiving non-ionic iodinated contrast agents, and 425 dogs and 49 cats receiving gadolinium-based contrast agents. METHODS Anaesthesia records of dogs and cats receiving intravenous (IV) gadobutrol for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or IV iohexol for computed tomography (CT) were reviewed. Changes in pulse rate, respiratory rate and mean arterial pressure at 5 minutes after administration of the contrast medium were evaluated. Changes of 10-20% were considered mild, those of >20% moderate, and reactions that required immediate treatment were considered severe. Associations of sex, age and weight with contrast reaction were investigated using logistic regression. Differences in the incidences of reactions to CT and MRI contrast media were examined with chi-squared tests. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS Of cats receiving iohexol, eight (13.8%) had mild and 10 (17.2%) had moderate reactions. Of cats receiving gadobutrol, six (12.2%) had mild and six (12.2%) had moderate reactions. No cats had severe reactions and the risk for reaction was not associated with type of medium, age, weight or sex (p > 0.2). Of dogs receiving iohexol, 64 (18.0%) had mild, 65 (18.3%) had moderate and three (0.8%) had severe reactions. Of dogs receiving gadobutrol, 42 (9.9%) had mild, 87 (20.5%) had moderate and one (0.2%) had a severe reaction. When dogs receiving iohexol were compared with those receiving gadobutrol, the odds ratio of a moderate reaction was 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.34-3.10; p = 0.001). These estimates did not change substantially after adjustment for age, weight and sex. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Severe reactions to iohexol and gadobutrol are rare in dogs and cats; moderate reactions are more likely with iohexol than with gadobutrol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Cripps
- School of Veterinary Science, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eva Rioja
- School of Veterinary Science, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Briony Alderson
- School of Veterinary Science, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK
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Crijns CP, Baeumlin Y, De Rycke L, Broeckx BJG, Vlaminck L, Bergman EHJ, van Bree H, Gielen I. Intra-arterial versus intra venous contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the equine head. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:6. [PMID: 26739315 PMCID: PMC4704255 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The anatomical complexity of the horse’s head limits the abilities of radiography. Computed tomography (CT) in combination with contrast enhanced CT is used more often for diagnosing various head pathology in horses. The objective of this study was to compare intravenous and intra-arterial contrast-enhancement techniques and describe normal and abnormal contrast enhancement in the horse’s head. Results All 24 horses included in the study recovered without complication from the procedures. Compared to the pre-contrast studies, post-contrast studies showed significant contrast enhancement in the pituitary gland (IA: p < 0.0001; IV: p < 0.0001), IA nose septum (p = 0.002), nose mucosa (IA: p < 0.0001; IV: p = 0.02), parotid salivary gland (IA: p < 0.0001; IV p < 0.0001), cerebrum (IA: p < 0.0001; IV: p < 0.0001), rectus capitis muscle (IA: p < 0.0001; IV p = 0.001), IA temporal muscle (p < 0.0001), IA masseter muscle (p <0.0001) and IV brainstem (p = 0.01). No significant contrast enhancement was seen in the eye (IA: p = 0.23; IV p = 0.33), tongue (IA p = 0.2; IV p = 0.57), IA brainstem (p = 0.88), IV nose septum (p = 0.26), IV temporal muscle (p = 0.09) and IV masseter muscle (p = 0.46). Three different categories of abnormal enhancement were detected: a strong vascularised mass, an enhanced rim surrounding an unenhanced structure and an inflamed anatomical structure with abnormal contrast enhancement. Conclusion Using the intra-arterial technique, similar contrast enhancement is achieved using less contrast medium compared to the intravenous technique. And a potential major advantage of the IA technique is the ability to evaluate lesions that are characterized by increased blood flow. Using the intravenous technique, a symmetrical and homogenous enhancement is achieved, however timing is more crucial and the contrast dosage is more of influence in the IV protocol. And a potential major advantage of the IV technique is the ability to evaluate lesions that are characterized by increased vascular permeability. Knowing the different normal contrast enhancement patterns will facilitate the recognition of abnormal contrast enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper P Crijns
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | - Lieve De Rycke
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | - Lieven Vlaminck
- Surgery and anaesthesiology of large animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | - Henri van Bree
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Ingrid Gielen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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James DR, Collins D, Johnson PJ, Marchevsky AM. Chronic urinary bladder torsion causing urinary incontinence in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2015; 1:2055116915603384. [PMID: 28491385 PMCID: PMC5362012 DOI: 10.1177/2055116915603384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 10-month-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented for urinary incontinence. The cat was azotaemic, and ultrasound examination identified hydroureter and hydronephrosis. Subsequent computed tomography (CT) contrast pyelography allowed a diagnosis of urinary bladder torsion. Surgical findings and treatment are described. Postoperatively, incontinence and azotaemia resolved, and marked improvements were documented with ultrasound and CT in urinary tract structural abnormalities. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, urinary bladder torsion has not been previously reported in the cat. This case most probably occurred as a complication of ovariohysterectomy, as has been reported in the dog; however, the presenting sign of chronic urinary incontinence is unique. Response to surgical correction was favourable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R James
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Collins
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Andrew M Marchevsky
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Rodrigo-Mocholí D, Willems A, Schauvliege S, Bosmans T. Cardiopulmonary arrest in a cat as a result of a suspected anaphylactic reaction to an intravenously administered iodinated contrast agent. Vet Anaesth Analg 2015; 42:554-5. [PMID: 25951990 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rodrigo-Mocholí
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Annelies Willems
- Department of Clinical Biology and Medicine of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stijn Schauvliege
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tim Bosmans
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Drees R, François CJ, Saunders JH. INVITED REVIEW-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY (CTA) OF THE THORACIC CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN COMPANION ANIMALS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014; 55:229-40. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Seiler GS, Brown JC, Reetz JA, Taeymans O, Bucknoff M, Rossi F, Ohlerth S, Alder D, Rademacher N, Drost WT, Pollard RE, Travetti O, Pey P, Saunders JH, Shanaman MM, Oliveira CR, O'Brien RT, Gaschen L. Safety of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in dogs and cats: 488 cases (2002-2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:1255-9. [PMID: 23600783 DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.9.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of adverse events within 24 hours after contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in dogs and cats and compare the risk of death within 24 hours after imaging for animals that underwent ultrasonography with and without injection of a contrast agent. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. ANIMALS 750 animals (411 case dogs, 238 control dogs, 77 case cats, and 24 control cats). PROCEDURES At 11 institutions, medical records were reviewed of dogs and cats that had CEUS performed (cases) as were medical records of dogs and cats with clinical signs similar to those of case animals that had ultrasonography performed without injection of a contrast agent (controls). Information regarding signalment; preexisting disease; type, dose, and administration route of contrast agent used; immediate (within 1 hour after CEUS) and delayed (> 1 and ≤ 24 hours after CEUS) adverse events; and occurrence and cause of death (when available) was extracted from each medical record. Risk of death within 24 hours after ultrasonography was compared between case and control animals. RESULTS Of the 411 case dogs, 3 had immediate adverse events (vomiting or syncope) and 1 had a delayed adverse event (vomiting). No adverse events were recorded for case cats. Twenty-three of 357 (6.4%) clinically ill case animals and 14 of 262 (5.3%) clinically ill control animals died within 24 hours after ultrasonography; risk of death did not differ between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that CEUS was safe in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Seiler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Kirberger RM, Cassel N, Carstens A, Goddard A. The effects of repeated intravenous iohexol administration on renal function in healthy beagles--a preliminary report. Acta Vet Scand 2012; 54:47. [PMID: 22892108 PMCID: PMC3533856 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) is a well described syndrome in humans undergoing contrast medium examinations. To date CIN has received minimal attention in the veterinary literature despite increasing use of contrast medium examinations in computed tomographic studies. METHODS This prospective study evaluated the effect of 1290 mg/kg iohexol given intravenously to 5 normal beagle dogs in a divided dose at an interval of 6-8 weeks. Renal function was evaluated by means of scintigraphically determined glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a variety of laboratory assays. RESULTS Only GFR showed a significant decrease (17%) after the second injection but not to a clinically or pathologically significant level. CONCLUSIONS No clinically significant effect of repeated contrast medium administration was determined in this limited study. However in dogs with reduced renal function the risk of CIN is likely to increase dramatically post contrast administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Kirberger
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Republic of South Africa
| | - Nicolette Cassel
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ann Carstens
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Republic of South Africa
| | - Amelia Goddard
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Republic of South Africa
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Pollard RE, Puchalski SM. Reaction to intraarterial ionic iodinated contrast medium administration in anesthetized horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2011; 52:441-3. [PMID: 21447035 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this report was to evaluate the frequency and type of reactions to intraarterial iodinated contrast medium injection in horses. Ninety-seven received an intraarterial injection of ionic, iodinated contrast medium for computed tomographic assessment of the distal limb. Nine (9.0%) horses developed a reaction attributable to the contrast medium administration. Of those, 4/97 (4.0%) developed a skin response (three with urticaria, one with facial edema) within 20 min. Five (5.0%) developed elevation of heart rate and/or blood pressure immediately upon administration of the contrast medium. No horse developed a severe reaction such as shock, cardiac, or respiratory arrest. No treatment was necessary in any horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Pollard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Sox EM, Chiotti R, Goldstein RE. Use of gadolinium diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid, as measured by ELISA, in the determination of glomerular filtration rates in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2010; 12:738-45. [PMID: 20724186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate a commercially available assay for gadolinium diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) for use in estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cats (Gd-DTPA GFR) with a wide range of GFRs. Eighteen adult cats (11 healthy and seven with chronic kidney disease) were included. Plasma concentrations of Gd-DTPA following intravenous injection were measured with an ELISA kit (FIT-GFR). Results for Gd-DTPA GFR were compared with simultaneously obtained values for plasma clearance of iohexol (iohexol GFR), plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations. A negative correlation existed between iohexol GFR and plasma concentrations of BUN and creatinine. A positive correlation existed between Gd-DTPA GFR and iohexol GFR. There was no correlation between Gd-DTPA GFR and plasma concentrations of BUN and creatinine. In this study plasma clearance of Gd-DTPA assayed by FIT-GFR did not appear to provide a sufficiently accurate estimation of GFR in cats when compared with plasma clearance of iohexol, and plasma concentrations of BUN and creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Sox
- Cornell University Hospital for Animals, Companion Animal Hospital, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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18
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Smith JA. Hazards, Safety, and Anesthetic Considerations for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Top Companion Anim Med 2010; 25:98-106. [DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hecht S, Adams WH. MRI of Brain Disease in Veterinary Patients Part 1: Basic Principles and Congenital Brain Disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40:21-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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