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Gasparro R, Di Lauro AE, Campana MD, Rosiello N, Mariniello M, Sammartino G, Marenzi G. Effectiveness of Autologous Platelet Concentrates in the Sinus Lift Surgery: Findings from Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:101. [PMID: 38668013 PMCID: PMC11049363 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Maxillary sinus augmentation is one of the most predictable procedures for the rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla. The current overview aimed to summarize the findings provided by systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses on the effectiveness of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) in sinus lift and to assess the methodological quality of the included SRs. Three electronic databases have been explored. SRs and meta-analyses addressing the effectiveness of APCs in sinus lift technique were included. Clinical, radiographic and histomorphometric findings were considered for APCs as solely grafting materials and APCs in combination with biomaterials. Outcomes were implant survival rate (ISR), implant stability (IS), implant failure (IF), postoperative complications, histomorphometric findings, radiographic bone gain, bone volume and bone density. The methodological quality of the included SRs was assessed using the updated version of "A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review" (AMSTAR-2). Thirty SRs were included. The methodological quality of the included reviews ranged from critically low (3 studies) to high (9 studies). The included SRs showed favorable clinical outcomes, short-term new bone formation and no biological complications when APCs were used both as solely graft material or in combination with other biomaterials. However, no significant additional effects in the long-term period were observed. APCs did not add any further positive effects compared to the physiological healing derived by the natural blood clot. The current overview of SRs highlighted the need for high-quality SRs evaluating the role of APCs in sinus lift though network meta-analyses, in order to identify the most powerful material for sinus lift augmentation. The use of APCs improves the healing of soft tissues and the postoperative quality of life in the short-term period. Thus, its application can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gilberto Sammartino
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Oral Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.G.); (A.E.D.L.); (M.D.C.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (G.M.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The clinical significance, target pathways, recent successes, and challenges that preclude translation of RNAi bone regenerative approaches are overviewed. RECENT FINDINGS RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising new therapeutic approach for bone regeneration by stimulating or inhibiting critical signaling pathways. However, RNAi suffers from significant delivery challenges. These challenges include avoiding nuclease degradation, achieving bone tissue targeting, and reaching the cytoplasm for mRNA inhibition. Many drug delivery systems have overcome stability and intracellular localization challenges but suffer from protein adsorption that results in clearance of up to 99% of injected dosages, thus severely limiting drug delivery efficacy. While RNAi has myriad promising attributes for use in bone regenerative applications, delivery challenges continue to plague translation. Thus, a focus on drug delivery system development is critical to provide greater delivery efficiency and bone targeting to reap the promise of RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic W Malcolm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Clyde Overby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Maureen Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Chen J, Ashames A, Buabeid MA, Fahelelbom KM, Ijaz M, Murtaza G. Nanocomposites drug delivery systems for the healing of bone fractures. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119477. [PMID: 32473968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal system is fundamental for the structure and support of the body consisting of bones, cartilage, and connective tissues. Poor fracture healing is a chief clinical problem leading to disability, extended hospital stays and huge financial liability. Even though most fractures are cured using standard clinical methods, about 10% of fractures are delayed or non-union. Despite decades of progress, the bone-targeted delivery system is still restricted due to the distinctive anatomical bone features. Recently, various novel nanocomposite systems have been designed for the cell-specific targeting of bone, enhancing drug solubility, improving drug stability and inhibiting drug degradation so that it can reach its target site without being removed in the systemic circulation. Such targeting systems could consist of biological compounds i.e. bone marrow stem cells (BMSc), growth factors, RNAi, parathyroid hormone or synthetic compounds, i.e. bisphosphonates (BPs) and calcium phosphate cement. Hydrogels and nanoparticles are also being employed for fracture healing. In this review, we discussed the normal mechanism of bone healing and all the possible drug delivery systems being employed for the healing of the bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxian Chen
- School of Economics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China
| | - Akram Ashames
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Manal Ali Buabeid
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khairi Mustafa Fahelelbom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan.
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Wang Y, Newman MR, Benoit DSW. Development of controlled drug delivery systems for bone fracture-targeted therapeutic delivery: A review. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 127:223-236. [PMID: 29471078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Impaired fracture healing is a major clinical problem that can lead to patient disability, prolonged hospitalization, and significant financial burden. Although the majority of fractures heal using standard clinical practices, approximately 10% suffer from delayed unions or non-unions. A wide range of factors contribute to the risk for nonunions including internal factors, such as patient age, gender, and comorbidities, and external factors, such as the location and extent of injury. Current clinical approaches to treat nonunions include bone grafts and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), which realizes clinical success only to select patients due to limitations including donor morbidities (grafts) and necessity of fracture reduction (LIPUS), respectively. To date, therapeutic approaches for bone regeneration rely heavily on protein-based growth factors such as INFUSE, an FDA-approved scaffold for delivery of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). Small molecule modulators and RNAi therapeutics are under development to circumvent challenges associated with traditional growth factors. While preclinical studies has shown promise, drug delivery has become a major hurdle stalling clinical translation. Therefore, this review overviews current therapies employed to stimulate fracture healing pre-clinically and clinically, including a focus on drug delivery systems for growth factors, parathyroid hormone (PTH), small molecules, and RNAi therapeutics, as well as recent advances and future promise of fracture-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Maureen R Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 308 Robert B. Goergen Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, 4517 Wegmans Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Oral Biology, 601 Elmwood Ave, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Outcome of nonunion fractures in dogs treated with fixation, compression resistant matrix, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 30:153-159. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-16-05-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjectives: To report the use of compression resistant matrix (CRM) infused with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) prospectively in the healing of non union long-bone fractures in dogs.Methods: A longitudinal cohort of dogs that were presented with nonunion fractures were classified and treated with CRM soaked with rhBMP-2 and fracture fixation. They were followed with serial radiographs and evaluated for healing times and complications according to the time frame and definitions previously established for orthopaedic clinical cases.Results: Eleven nonunion fractures in nine dogs were included. Median healing time was 10 weeks (range: 7–20 weeks). Major perioperative complications due to bandage morbidity were encountered in two of 11 limbs and resolved. All other complications were minor. They occurred perioperatively in eight of 11 limbs. Minor follow-up complications included short-term in one of two limbs, mid-term in one of three, and long-term in four of five limbs. Nine limbs returned to full function and two limbs returned to acceptable function at the last follow-up.Clinical significance: Nonunion fractures given a poor prognosis via standard-of-care treatment were successfully repaired using CRM with rhBMP-2 accompanying fixation. These dogs, previously at high risk of failure, returned to full or acceptable function.
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BMP-2 delivered from a self-cross-linkable CaP/hydrogel construct promotes bone regeneration in a critical-size segmental defect model of non-union in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 27:411-21. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-14-03-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjectives: To determine whether the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) to a self-crosslinkable cellulosic hydrogel/biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules construct promotes bone healing in critical-size ulnar defects in dogs.Methods: A standardized 2 cm long ulnar ostectomy was performed bilaterally in five dogs to compare bone healing with hydrogel/BCP constructs associated with or without rhBMP-2. Cancellous-bone autografts were used as positive controls in unilateral ulnar defects in five additional dogs. Radiographically, bone healing was evaluated at four, eight, 12, 16 and 20 weeks postoperatively. Histological qualitative analysis with microCT imaging and light and scanning electron microscopy were performed 20 weeks after implantation.Results: All rhBMP-2-loaded constructs induced the formation of well-differentiated mineralized lamellar bone surrounding the BCP granules and bridging bone/implant interfaces as early as eight weeks after surgery. Bone regeneration appeared to develop earlier with the rhBMP-2 constructs than with the cancellous-bone autografts while similar results were obtained at 20 weeks. Constructs without any rhBMP-2 showed osteoconductive properties limited to the bone junctions and a lack of osteoinduction without bone ingrowth within the implantation site. In one dog, the leakage of the hydrogel loaded with rhBMP-2 induced an extensive heterotopic bone formation.Clinical significance: The addition of rhBMP-2 to a self-crosslinkable hydrogel/BCP construct could promote bone regeneration in a critical-size-defect model with similar performance to autologous bone grafts.
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de Freitas EP, Rahal SC, Shimano AC, da Silva JVL, Noritomi PY, El-Warrak AO, Melchert A. Bridging Plate Development for Treatment of Segmental Bone Defects of the Canine Mandible: Mechanical Tests and Finite Element Method. J Vet Dent 2016; 33:18-25. [PMID: 27487652 DOI: 10.1177/0898756416639191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With regard to the canine mandible, a mistaken concept of application is to assume that systemic plate-bone resistance is provided by the implant so that biomechanical position could be ignored. Because the alveolar border of the mandible is a tensile zone, the plate would ideally be positioned near this area while avoiding important structures. The aim of this study was to develop 2 bridging plates for the treatment of a segmental bone defect of the canine mandible using monocortical screws to avoid damage to the tooth roots and remaining neurovascular structures. Computed tomography images of the heads of 4 dogs (rottweiler, Doberman, boxer, and miniature poodle breeds) were used as models to develop the project. The images were reconstructed in 3-dimensional (3D) format. For each dog breed, 6 mandible prototypes were produced, each with a segmental bone defect in the right mandible. The mandibular reconstruction was performed with pure titanium bridging plate and locking screws. One plate model was developed for medium- and large-breed dogs and another for small-breed dogs. Mechanical testing showed the platemandible system resists the bite forces in all dog breeds. All safety factors were greater than I in the platemandible system for medium- and large-breed dogs and greater than 10 in the plate-mandible system for small-breed dogs. Thus, bridging plates designed with differentiated geometry and monocortical locking screws showed mechanical resistance to support simulated induced bone model defects and were able to support at least 5 times the value of bite force for each evaluated dog.
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Boucher C, Zeiler G. Femur fracture repair of a tiger cub (
Panthera tigris tigris
) suffering from nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteopenia. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2015-000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Boucher
- Companion Animal Clinical StudiesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
| | - Gareth Zeiler
- Companion Animal Clinical StudiesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
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Sun S, Guo H, Zhang J, Yu B, Sun K, Jin Q. Adenovirus-mediated expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 activates titanium particle-induced osteoclastogenesis and this effect occurs in spite of the suppression of TNF-α expression by siRNA. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:403-9. [PMID: 23708523 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The phagocytosis of wear particles by macrophages results in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which play a major role in promoting osteoclast recruitment. The inhibition of TNF-α expression decreases osteoclastogenesis. In a previous study, we demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) can activate wear debris-induced osteoclast recruitment in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL); however, whether these effects are associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines remains unclear. In this study, we constructed an adenoviral vector carrying TNF-small interfering RNA (siRNA) (Ad-TNF-siRNA), as well as a vector carrying both the BMP-2 gene and TNF-α-siRNA (Ad-BMP-2-TNF-siRNA). The two adenoviral vectors significantly suppressed the expression of TNF-α; however, only treatment with Ad-TNF-siRNA significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis. We demonstrate that the overexpression of BMP-2, despite the suppression of TNF-α expression by Ad-BMP-2-TNF-siRNA, increases the size and number of titanium (Ti) particle-induced multinuclear osteoclasts, the expression of osteoclast genes, as well as the resorption area. There were no differences observed between Ti particle-induced and Ad-BMP-2-TNF-siRNA-induced osteoclast formation. Moreover, Ad-BMP-2-TNF-siRNA directly acted upon osteoclast precursors by increasing the level of c-Fos, regulating other signaling pathways, such as p38 phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and phosphorylated IκB (p‑IκB). Taken together, these data demonstrate that treatment with Ad-BMP-2-TNF-siRNA increases wear debris-induced osteoclast formation by activating c-Fos and that these effects are not associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxuan Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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10
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Huang SL, Wen B, Bian WG, Yan HW. Reconstruction of comminuted long-bone fracture using CF/CPC scaffolds manufactured by rapid prototyping. Med Sci Monit 2013; 18:BR435-40. [PMID: 23111734 PMCID: PMC3560597 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stabilization and bone healing of fractures in weight-bearing long bones are challenging. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a scaffold composed of chitosan fiber and calcium phosphate ceramics (CF/CPC scaffold) on stability and fracture repair in weight-bearing long bones. Material/Methods Comminuted fractures of paired radiuses were created in 36 healthy, mature dogs. The left radius of each dog was classified in the experimental group and treated with CF/CPC scaffold, and the right one was not filled, and was used as a blank control. Of the 12 animals in each group that were killed at week 4, 8, and 12 after the operation, 6 were used for histological analysis, and the other 6 used were for biomechanical studies. Both radiuses from each animal were dissected free and stored for these analyses. All the animals underwent X-ray radiograph pre- and post-operatively. Computer-aided rapid-prototyping technologies were adopted for the fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds with precise geometric control. Results X-ray showed that the bone fracture area in the experimental group was filled with callus at week 12 after surgery. Histological examination detected slow resorption of the cement and new bone formation since week 4. At week 12, the scaffold material partially degraded and was still present in all specimens. Mechanical testing revealed that the failure strength of the radiuses treated with CF/CPC scaffolds was about 3 times that of the radiuses without implanted scaffolds. Conclusions The effect of using CF/CPC scaffold in treating comminuted weight-bearing long bone fractures is satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Hayashi T, Misawa H, Nakahara H, Noguchi H, Yoshida A, Kobayashi N, Tanaka M, Ozaki T. Transplantation of osteogenically differentiated mouse iPS cells for bone repair. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:591-600. [PMID: 22793068 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x605529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are a type of undifferentiated cell that can be obtained from differentiated cells and have the pluripotent potential to differentiate into the musculoskeletal system, the myocardium, vascular endothelial cells, neurons, and hepatocytes. We therefore cultured mouse iPS cells in a DMEM containing 15% FBS, 10(-7) M dexamethasone, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, and 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid for 3 weeks, in order to induce bone differentiation, and studied the expression of the bone differentiation markers Runx2 and osteocalcin using RT-PCR in a time-dependent manner. Osteocalcin, a bone differentiation marker in bone formation, exhibited the highest expression in the third week. In addition, the deposition of calcium nodules was observed using Alizarin red S staining. iPS cells cultured for bone differentiation were transplanted into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, and the osteogenic potential exhibited after 4 weeks was studied. When bone differentiation-induced iPS cells were transplanted into SCID mice, bone formation was confirmed in soft X-ray images and tissue specimens. However, teratoma formation was confirmed in 20% of the transplanted models. When mouse iPS cells were treated with irradiation of 2 Gray (Gy) prior to transplantation, teratoma formation was inhibited. When mouse iPS cells treated in a likewise manner were xenotransplanted into rats, bone formation was confirmed but teratoma formation was not observed. It is believed that irradiation before transplantation is an effective way to inhibit teratoma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Retrospective Analysis of Postinjection Ultrasound Imaging After Platelet-Rich Plasma or Autologous Blood: Observational Review of Anatomic Distribution of Injected Material. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012; 199:W501-5. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.11.8075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Bottino MC, Thomas V, Schmidt G, Vohra YK, Chu TMG, Kowolik MJ, Janowski GM. Recent advances in the development of GTR/GBR membranes for periodontal regeneration—A materials perspective. Dent Mater 2012; 28:703-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhang WB, Zheng LW, Chua DTT, Cheung LK. Treatment of irradiated mandibles with mesenchymal stem cells transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 2/7. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 70:1711-6. [PMID: 22580096 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to evaluate whether mesenchymal stem cells transfected with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2/7 could increase bone regeneration after radiotherapy using a rabbit model of mandibular distraction osteogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve rabbits were randomly assigned to the sham control, radiotherapy control, nontransfected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and MSCs transfected with BMP-2/7 groups. All rabbits, except those in the sham control group, received preoperative radiation of 9 Gy for 5 fractions. One month after radiotherapy, all rabbits underwent unilateral mandibular distraction at a rate of 0.9 mm/d for 11 days. At the end of active distraction, MSCs combined with bovine collagen were injected into the distraction zone. After 4 weeks of consolidation, the mandibular samples were collected and subjected to radiographic, microcomputed tomographic, and histologic examinations. RESULTS By radiographic examination, animals injected with nontransfected MSCs or MSCs encoding BMP-2/7 exhibited more bone formation than the control groups. Histologic examination showed that the group with MSCs encoding BMP-2/7 had a more mature medullary cavity than the nontransfected MSCs group. CONCLUSIONS MSCs encoding BMP-2/7 can increase bone healing in irradiated mandibular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Biao Zhang
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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15
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Zhang WB, Zheng LW, Chua DTT, Cheung LK. Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Irradiated Mandibles During Distraction Osteogenesis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 69:2860-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2010.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Park KH, Kang JW, Lee EM, Kim JS, Rhee YH, Kim M, Jeong SJ, Park YG, Kim SH. Melatonin promotes osteoblastic differentiation through the BMP/ERK/Wnt signaling pathways. J Pineal Res 2011; 51:187-94. [PMID: 21470302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although melatonin has a variety of biological actions such as antitumor, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant activities, the osteogenic mechanism of melatonin still remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, the molecular mechanism of melatonin was elucidated in the differentiation of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Melatonin enhanced osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization compared to untreated controls in preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Also, melatonin increased wound healing and dose-dependently activated osteogenesis markers such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN), bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 and -4 in MC3T3-E1 cells. Of note, melatonin activated Wnt 5 α/β, β-catenin and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in a time-dependent manner while it attenuated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) in MC3T3-E1 cells. Consistently, confocal microscope observation revealed that BMP inhibitor Noggin blocked melatonin-induced nuclear localization of β-catenin. Furthermore, Western blotting showed that Noggin reversed activation of β-catenin and Wnt5 α/β and suppression of GSK-3β induced by melatonin in MC3T3-E1 cells, which was similarly induced by ERK inhibitor PD98059. Overall, these findings demonstrate that melatonin promotes osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells via the BMP/ERK/Wnt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Ho Park
- Department of Orthodondritics, Kyung-Hee University College of Dental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Pham L, Beyer K, Jensen ED, Rodriguez JS, Davydova J, Yamamoto M, Petryk A, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 signaling in osteoclasts is negatively regulated by the BMP antagonist, twisted gastrulation. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:793-803. [PMID: 21328453 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been shown to regulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. We previously reported that BMP2 could directly enhance RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation by increasing the size and number of osteoclasts. Similarly, genetic deletion of the BMP antagonist Twisted gastrulation (TWSG1) in mice, resulted in an enhancement of osteoclast formation, activity and osteopenia. This was accompanied by increased levels of phosphorylated Smad (pSmad) 1/5/8 in Twsg1(-/-) osteoclasts in vitro. The purpose of this study was to develop an adenoviral vector overexpressing Twsg1 as a means of inhibiting osteoclast activity. We demonstrate that overexpressing TWSG1 in primary osteoclasts decreased the size and number of multinuclear TRAP-positive osteoclasts, expression of osteoclast genes, and resorption ability. Overexpression of TWSG1 did not affect osteoclast proliferation or apoptosis. However, overexpression of TWSG1 decreased the levels of pSmad 1/5/8 in osteoclasts. Addition of exogenous BMP2 to osteoclasts overexpressing TWSG1 rescued the size and levels of pSmad 1/5/8 compared to cultures infected with a control virus. Finally, TWSG1 overexpression in osteoclasts isolated from the Twsg1(-/-) mice rescued size of the osteoclasts while further addition of exogenous BMP2 reversed the effect of TWSG1 overexpression and increased the size of the osteoclasts similar to control virus infected cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that overexpressing TWSG1 in osteoclasts via an adenoviral vector results in inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and may provide a potential therapy for inhibiting osteoclast activity in a localized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Pham
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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18
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Jensen ED, Pham L, Billington CJ, Espe K, Carlson AE, Westendorf JJ, Petryk A, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky K. Bone morphogenic protein 2 directly enhances differentiation of murine osteoclast precursors. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:672-82. [PMID: 20039313 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies found that bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) support osteoclast formation, but it is not clear whether this is a direct effect on osteoclasts or mediated indirectly through osteoblasts. We have shown that a mouse deficient for the BMP antagonist Twisted gastrulation suggested a direct positive role for BMPs on osteoclastogenesis. In this report, we further determine the significance of BMP signaling on osteoclast formation in vitro. We find that BMP2 synergizes with suboptimal levels of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) to enhance in vitro differentiation of osteoclast-like cells. The enhancement by BMP2 is not a result of changes in the rate of proliferation or survival of the bone marrow-derived cultures, but is accompanied by an increase in expression of genes involved in osteoclast differentiation and fusion. Treatment with BMP2 did not significantly alter expression of RANKL or OPG in our osteoclast cultures, suggesting that the enhancement of osteoclastogenesis is not mediated indirectly through osteoblasts or stromal cells. Consistent with this, we detected phosphorylated SMAD1,5,8 (p-SMAD) in the nuclei of mononuclear and multinucleated cells in osteoclast cultures. Levels of p-SMAD, BMP2, and BMP receptors increased during differentiation. RNAi suppression of Type II BMP receptor inhibited RANKL-stimulated formation of multinuclear TRAP-positive cells. The BMP antagonist noggin inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation when added prior to day 3, while addition of noggin on day 3 or later failed to inhibit their differentiation. Taken together, these data indicate that osteoclasts express BMP2 and BMP receptors, and that autocrine BMP signaling directly promotes the differentiation of osteoclasts-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Jensen
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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19
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Komatsu DE, Warden SJ. The control of fracture healing and its therapeutic targeting: improving upon nature. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:302-11. [PMID: 19950200 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fracture repair is a complex process involving timed cellular recruitment, gene expression, and synthesis of compounds that regenerate native tissue to restore the mechanical integrity, and thus function of injured bone. While the majority of fractures heal without complication, this takes time and a subset of patients ( approximately 10%) experience healing delays, extending their morbidity and treatment costs. Consequently, there is a need for efficacious therapeutics for the intervention of fracture healing. Recent studies into the molecular control of fracture repair and advances in the understanding of the skeleton as a whole have resulted in the identification of numerous novel targets and compounds for such intervention. These include traditional agents such bone morphogenetic proteins and other growth factors, but also relatively newer compounds such as parathyroid hormone and modulators of the Wnt signaling pathway. These agents, along with others, are discussed in the current article in terms of their investigative status and potential for clinical implementation. Hopefully, these agents, as well as others yet to be discovered, will demonstrate sufficient clinical utility for successful intervention of fracture healing. This may have significant implications for the duration of morbidity and costs associated with traumatic bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Komatsu
- InMotion Orthopaedic Research Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Osyczka AM, Damek-Poprawa M, Wojtowicz A, Akintoye SO. Age and skeletal sites affect BMP-2 responsiveness of human bone marrow stromal cells. Connect Tissue Res 2009; 50:270-7. [PMID: 19637063 PMCID: PMC2905683 DOI: 10.1080/03008200902846262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) contain osteoprogenitors responsive to stimulation by osteogenic growth factors like bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). When used as grafts, BMSCs can be harvested from different skeletal sites such as axial, appendicular, and orofacial bones, but the lower therapeutic efficacy of BMPs on BMSCs-responsiveness in humans compared to animal models may be due partly to effects of skeletal site and age of donor. We previously reported superior differentiation capacity and osteogenic properties of orofacial BMSCs relative to iliac crest BMSCs in same individuals. This study tested the hypothesis that recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) stimulates human BMSCs differently based on age and skeletal site of harvest. Adult maxilla, mandible, and iliac crest BMSCs from same individuals and pediatric iliac crest BMSCs were comparatively assessed for BMP-2 responsiveness under serum-containing and serum-free insulin-supplemented culture conditions. Adult orofacial BMSCs were more BMP-2-responsive than iliac crest BMSCs based on higher gene transcripts of alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteogenic transcription factors MSX-2 and Osterix in serum-free insulin-containing medium. Pediatric iliac crest BMSCs were more responsive to rhBMP-2 than adult iliac crest BMSCs based on higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin in serum-containing medium. Unlike orofacial BMSCs, MSX-2 and Osterix transcripts were similarly expressed by adult and pediatric iliac crest BMSCs in response to rhBMP-2. These data demonstrate that age and skeletal site-specific differences exist in BMSC osteogenic responsiveness to BMP-2 stimulation and suggest that MSX-2 and Osterix may be potential regulatory transcription factors in BMP-mediated osteogenesis of adult orofacial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Osyczka
- Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Department of Cytology & Histology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Damek-Poprawa
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Aleksandra Wojtowicz
- Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Department of Cytology & Histology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sunday O. Akintoye
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
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Lewis JR, Boudrieau RJ, Reiter AM, Seeherman HJ, Gilley RS. Mandibular reconstruction after gunshot trauma in a dog by use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 233:1598-604. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.233.10.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Jeon JH, Piepgrass WT, Lin YL, Thomas MV, Puleo DA. Localized Intermittent Delivery of Simvastatin Hydroxyacid Stimulates Bone Formation in Rats. J Periodontol 2008; 79:1457-64. [PMID: 18672996 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.080004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyeong Jeon
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0070, USA
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