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Kopp L, Garner M, Priest K. Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Rabbit. Top Companion Anim Med 2024; 61:100892. [PMID: 38972503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2024.100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A geriatric Holland Lop rabbit presented for acute lameness. A pathologic fracture of the right distal femur associated with a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma was diagnosed, and staging radiographs showed no overt metastasis upon initial presentation. The limb was amputated and submitted for microscopic examination. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed the neoplastic cells were positive for desmin and MyoD1, and negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, CD204, IBA-1, and SMA. Gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical evaluation confirmed a diagnosis of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient died 396 days after amputation, and a post-mortem examination showed metastatic sarcoma to multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Kopp
- Priest Lake Veterinary Hospital, 2445 Morris Gentry Blvd, Nashville, TN 37013, USA.
| | - Michael Garner
- Northwest ZooPath, 654 West Main Street, Monroe, WA 98272, USA
| | - Kara Priest
- Idexx Laboratories, 1 Idexx Dr, Westbrook, ME 04092, USA
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2
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O'Day J, Seelig D, Emanuelli M, Heinrich D. Characterization of alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry in canine neoplastic and non-neoplastic pulmonary mass aspirates. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:661-669. [PMID: 37528057 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing primary and secondary pulmonary neoplasms can be challenging via cytology, and a rapid, inexpensive diagnostic tool to differentiate these neoplasms is unavailable. Alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry (ALP-CC) has been used to identify primary pulmonary carcinomas in human patients, and we hypothesized it could be applied to canine lung aspirates. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize ALP-CC expression in fine-needle aspirate (FNA) samples of canine pulmonary neoplastic and non-neoplastic tumors. METHODS A retrospective case search was conducted to identify cases with contemporaneous cytology and histopathology reports from pulmonary lesions, including neoplastic and non-neoplastic etiologies. Slides prepared from pulmonary aspirates were stained for ALP-CC activity, and the percentage of ALP-CC-positive primary pulmonary epithelial tumors was determined. To characterize the ALP-CC expression in non-neoplastic cellular constituents of pulmonary FNA samples, mesothelial cells were also evaluated. RESULTS Forty-eight canine cases met the inclusion criteria. ALP-CC-positive cells were seen in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. In non-neoplastic lesions, pulmonary epithelial cells were ALP-CC positive. Eighty-nine percent of primary pulmonary epithelial neoplasms were ALP-CC positive, and no ALP-CC positivity was noted in mesothelial cells. ALP-CC-positive neoplastic cells were seen in a metastatic amelanotic melanoma. CONCLUSIONS Primary pulmonary epithelial neoplasms are frequently ALP-CC positive, but such positivity is not restricted to this tumor type. Non-neoplastic pulmonary epithelial cells can be ALP-CC positive, whereas mesothelial cells are negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack O'Day
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Davis Seelig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mauren Emanuelli
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Daniel Heinrich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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3
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Robcis R, De Campos C, Garapin B, Lucas MN, Poujade A, Gaide N, Delverdier M, Maillard R. Thoracic Tumor Associated with a Unilateral Empyema in a Beef Cow: A Case Report. Vet Sci 2023; 10:376. [PMID: 37368762 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors in cows are not frequently reported in the literature. They often represent unusual findings in live animals and are incidental at slaughter with rare positive therapeutic outcomes for farmers. A 9-year-old beef cow was referred to the hospital of ruminants of the National Veterinary School of Toulouse, France. The cow started to become sick 10 days prior, and major symptoms were anorexia, arched back, tachycardia, and tachypnea associated with significantly attenuated cardiac and pulmonary sounds upon right-sided auscultation. After specific investigations, a thoracic sarcoma associated with unilateral empyema was diagnosed. The empyema was treated, and supportive treatment was only performed for the tumor. Although the sarcoma remained, clinical improvement was significant, and the cow went back to her farm of origin. After the end of the withdrawal period, the cow recovered clinically but was culled by the owners for economic reasons. The present case report offers a continuum from the initial clinical signs motivating specific investigations to interesting laboratory findings, which were confirmed post-mortem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Robcis
- Clinic of Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Charly De Campos
- Clinic of Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Bénédicte Garapin
- Department of Basic Sciences, IHAP, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 31013 Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Lucas
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Vétérinaire du Sud-Ouest, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Poujade
- Necropsy Platform, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Gaide
- Department of Basic Sciences, IHAP, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 31013 Toulouse, France
| | - Maxence Delverdier
- Department of Basic Sciences, IHAP, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 31013 Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Maillard
- Clinic of Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France
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Morey AGN, Wiggen KE, De New K, Karnia JJ. Echocardiographic, thoracic ultrasonographic, and CTA diagnosis of pericardial neoplasia in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:E1-E5. [PMID: 36250616 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A 12-year-old male neutered Yorkshire Terrier presented for coughing and respiratory distress. Transthoracic echocardiography initially misdiagnosed the patient with pericardial effusion; repeat echocardiography increased suspicion for neoplasia. A definitive diagnosis was not apparent. Findings on thoracic computed tomography and thoracic ultrasound were consistent with a diffusely thickened, heterogenous, hypoechoic soft tissue structure surrounding the heart. Fine needle aspirates were obtained using ultrasound guidance and routine cytology of the intrapericardial mass was consistent with neoplasia, with pericardial mesothelioma most likely. These novel findings highlight the importance of thoracic ultrasound and potential limitations of echocardiography in diagnosis of pericardial neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G N Morey
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelly E Wiggen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kara De New
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - James J Karnia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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5
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Reimegård E, Lee HTN, Westgren F. Prevalence of lung atelectasis in sedated dogs examined with computed tomography. Acta Vet Scand 2022; 64:25. [PMID: 36076254 PMCID: PMC9461193 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-022-00643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Computed tomography (CT) scanning of the lung is known to be a valuable tool when investigating lung pathology of the dog. During CT-scan the dog needs to be immobilized and general anesthesia has historically been considered as gold standard although being a more expensive and time-consuming alternative to sedation. Today, modern high speed multidetector CT-scanners offer new possibilities for sedation as an alternative. Both anesthesia and sedation can cause lung atelectasis, and this can be problematic when reading the CT-images since it potentially can masque or mimic lung pathology leading to misdiagnosis. The objective of this prospective analytic study was to investigate the prevalence of lung atelectasis and changes in lung attenuation over time in dogs that receive intravenous sedation and positioned in sternal recumbency. Results 20 dogs without known lung pathology underwent three consecutive CT-scans of the lung; the first scan was initiated as soon as the dog was sufficiently sedated, the second scan approximately 5 min after the first one and the last scan after the dog’s orthopaedic scan was completed. The dogs received intravenous sedation in a combination of dexmedetomidine and butorphanol and were kept positioned in a strict sternal recumbency during sedation and exam. Each lung lobe was individually examined in an axial plane and measurements of dorsal, ventral, and mean lung attenuation were made. Atelectasis or areas with poorly aerated lung tissue were not detected as all parts of the lobes were normally aerated at all three scans. A statistically significant increase in lung attenuation between the first and the second scan (P = 0.03) and between the first and the third scan (P = 0.0004) was seen in the ventral part of the lobes. Conclusions This study indicates that CT-examination of the lungs can be performed on sedated dogs that are kept in a sternal recumbency without development of atelectasis. It also suggests that there is an early correlation between time and increase in lung attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Reimegård
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Evidensia Södra Djursjukhuset, Månskärsvägen 13, Kungens Kurva, 141 75, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Helena T Nyman Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Evidensia Södra Djursjukhuset, Månskärsvägen 13, Kungens Kurva, 141 75, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Frida Westgren
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Evidensia Södra Djursjukhuset, Månskärsvägen 13, Kungens Kurva, 141 75, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Falerno I, Paolini A, Tamburro R, Aste G, De Bonis A, Terragni R, Vignoli M. Imaging and endoscopic diagnosis of lung diseases in small animals. A review. Top Companion Anim Med 2022; 51:100701. [PMID: 36041659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic imaging plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. Radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and endoscopy are important tools for achieving a diagnosis. The choice of diagnostic procedure varies according to the patient, the suspected diagnosis and the risk/benefit ratio. Culture, cytology and histology are nearly always necessary to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Several biopsy sampling techniques are described. Surgical biopsies are the gold standard for the diagnosis of bronchiolitis or interstitial lung diseases but often not performed due to the high risk. In humans, the introduction of transbronchial cryobiopsies has led to excellent results in the study of interstitial lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Falerno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Paolini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tamburro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Aste
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Andrea De Bonis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | | | - Massimo Vignoli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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7
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Behrens KN, Turley KA, Mouser PJ, Casale SA. Tracheal resection and anastomosis in a dog with an osteochondroma. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sue A. Casale
- Angell Animal Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA
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8
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Luu AK, Cadieux M, Wong M, Macdonald R, Jones R, Choi D, Oblak M, Brisson B, Sauer S, Chafitz J, Warshawsky D, Wood GA, Viloria-Petit AM. Proteomic Assessment of Extracellular Vesicles from Canine Tissue Explants as a Pipeline to Identify Molecular Targets in Osteosarcoma: PSMD14/Rpn11 as a Proof of Principle. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063256. [PMID: 35328679 PMCID: PMC8953151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly malignant bone tumour that has seen little improvement in treatment modalities in the past 30 years. Understanding what molecules contribute to OS biology could aid in the discovery of novel therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as a mode of cell-to-cell communication and have the potential to uncover novel protein signatures. In our research, we developed a novel pipeline to isolate, characterize, and profile EVs from normal bone and osteosarcoma tissue explants from canine OS patients. Proteomic analysis of vesicle preparations revealed a protein signature related to protein metabolism. One molecule of interest, PSMD14/Rpn11, was explored further given its prognostic potential in human and canine OS, and its targetability with the drug capzimin. In vitro experiments demonstrated that capzimin induces apoptosis and reduces clonogenic survival, proliferation, and migration in two metastatic canine OS cell lines. Capzimin also reduces the viability of metastatic human OS cells cultured under 3D conditions that mimic the growth of OS cells at secondary sites. This unique pipeline can improve our understanding of OS biology and identify new prognostic markers and molecular targets for both canine and human OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K. Luu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.K.L.); (M.C.); (M.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Mia Cadieux
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.K.L.); (M.C.); (M.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Mackenzie Wong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.K.L.); (M.C.); (M.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Rachel Macdonald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.K.L.); (M.C.); (M.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Robert Jones
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Dongsic Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Michelle Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigitte Brisson
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Scott Sauer
- Vuja De Sciences, Inc., Natick, MA 01760, USA; (S.S.); (D.W.)
| | | | | | - Geoffrey A. Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Alicia M. Viloria-Petit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.K.L.); (M.C.); (M.W.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Bertran J, Thomson AC. Current Concepts in Head and Neck Surgery. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:489-512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Suspected Primary Spontaneous Asymptomatic Pneumothorax in a Cat. Case Rep Vet Med 2022; 2022:2827118. [PMID: 35198260 PMCID: PMC8860558 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2827118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous pneumothorax (SPT) is a documented emergency of the respiratory tract condition classified as either primary or secondary based on the presence of underlying pulmonary conditions. All reported SPT in the feline literature are evaluated for respiratory clinical signs. Primary SPT without underlying pathology or without clinical signs is not reported in cats. This case report describes a 10-year-old domestic longhair cat that was referred for evaluation of chronic lethargy with severe azotemia and placement of a subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) system. Prior to presentation, the cat was diagnosed with renal insufficiency and treated medically with no resolution. Clinical examination under sedation revealed right-sided renomegaly. Thoracic radiographs revealed gas in the caudodorsal pleural space and concurrent pulmonary atelectasis. No respiratory clinical signs were present. Thoracic CT showed two pulmonary bullae, one located in the right caudal lung lobe and one in the cranial segment of the left cranial lung lobe. Abdominal ultrasound showed a right-sided ureteral obstruction. Medical management was elected for the spontaneous pneumothorax. A SUB was placed to address the ureteral obstruction; no complications were noted during recovery. The cat was free of clinical signs of respiratory disease after a follow-up time of nine months. This is the first reported case of a cat diagnosed with a nonclinical suspected primary spontaneous pneumothorax with no concurrent predisposing pulmonary pathology.
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11
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Castejón-González AC, Reiter AM. Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor Management - From Biopsy to Surgical Removal. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 52:235-270. [PMID: 34838252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of oral and maxillofacial (OMF) tumor resection is to get local control of the disease. Many OMF tumors can be cured with wide or radical surgery, whereas others might only achieve temporary local control of the disease by removing infection and the source of pain, thereby improving the quality of life of the patient while keeping masticatory function. The standard of care on managing OMF tumors includes the diagnosis and identification of the local and distant extension of the disease to establish an appropriate treatment plan tailored for each patient. In this article, we provide a practical review of the current information related to staging, biopsy, and main surgical techniques for OMF tumor removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Castejón-González
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander M Reiter
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Wright LV, Renwick M, Soh RWY, Fan NR, Tebb AJ, Indrawirawan YH. Outcomes and Blood Product Use in 89 Surgically Managed and 79 Medically Managed Cases of Acute Spontaneous Hemoperitoneum in the Dog. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:736329. [PMID: 34692810 PMCID: PMC8531209 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.736329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe a population of dogs with acute spontaneous hemoperitoneum (ASH) that were treated with either surgical or medical management in the first 12 h after presentation, and to perform a preliminary investigation into whether there were differences in achieving cardiovascular stabilization or patterns of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion between patients treated with early (<12 h) surgery vs.medical management. Design: A retrospective multicenter preliminary study performed on 168 dogs presenting with ASH between January 2015 and May 2019. Patients were excluded if they were euthanized or discharged from hospital within the first 12 h, or if clinical records were incomplete. All patients received appropriate medical stabilization efforts. Statistical analysis was performed comparing patients that underwent early (<12 h) surgery and those that did not. Results: Eighty-nine patients were in the early surgical group and 79 patients in the medical group. A significantly higher proportion of medical cases were euthanized (p < 0.001). A significantly higher proportion of early surgical cases were discharged from hospital (p = 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in achieving cardiovascular stabilization (OR 1.07 p = 0.82). A higher proportion of patients with body-weight over 20 kg achieved stabilization within 12 h than those with body-weight of 20 kg or less (62.7 vs. 41.4%, p < 0.01). A higher proportion of patients with splenic conditions achieved stabilization than patients with non-splenic conditions (56.5 vs. 28.6%, p = 0.05). The odds of receiving an RBC transfusion were higher in the early surgical group than the medical group [OR 3.81 (p < 0.001)]. Conclusions: This preliminary study did not identify a significant difference in the ability to achieve cardiovascular stabilization in the first 12 h in dogs with ASH that underwent early surgical intervention vs. those managed medically. Patients in the early surgical group were more likely to receive a RBC transfusion than those in the medical group. At this time the decision on whether to pursue medical or early surgical management should be made on a case by case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Veronica Wright
- Emergency and Critical Care Department, Veterinary Referral Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Renwick
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel W. Y. Soh
- Emergency and Critical Care Department, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole R. Fan
- Emergency and Critical Care Department, Sydney Veterinary Emergency and Specialists, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna J. Tebb
- Small Animal Medicine Department, Western Australian Veterinary Emergency and Specialty, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yenny H. Indrawirawan
- Emergency and Critical Care Department, Veterinary Referral Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Treggiari E, Pellin MA, Valenti P, Curran KM, Borrego JF, Romanelli G, Mason SL, Taylor A. Tolerability and outcome of palliative treatment for metastatic pulmonary carcinoma in cats. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:992-1000. [PMID: 34608648 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary carcinoma is uncommon in cats and reporting of outcomes following medical treatment is limited, especially in presence of metastases. The aim of this study was to describe the outcome of cats affected by metastatic primary pulmonary carcinoma and to evaluate the tolerability of palliative treatment in this patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records were searched for cats with a cytological or histopathological diagnosis of primary pulmonary carcinoma and evidence of metastatic disease. Cats were treated with antineoplastic agents, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or received no systemic treatment. Cases in which thoracic CT was not performed, and those lacking definitive diagnosis by cytology or histopathology or receiving curative-intent surgery were excluded. RESULTS Thirty-four cats were identified: 18 were treated with antineoplastic agents and 16 received corticosteroids, NSAIDs or no treatment. Presenting clinical signs included coughing (53%), tachypnoea (26%), gastrointestinal signs (35%) and lethargy (18%). CT scan identified metastases to the lung parenchyma in all cases and additional metastatic lesions in 10 of 34 (59%) cases; pleural effusion was detected in 11 cases (32%). The overall median survival time for all cats was 64 days [range 1-1352 days; 95% confidence interval (CI) 48-164]. Presence of respiratory signs at presentation was the only factor influencing survival in the multivariable analysis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Medical treatment was well tolerated and appeared to palliate clinical signs in cats with metastatic pulmonary carcinoma, albeit with a modest duration and short overall survival. The role and benefit of chemotherapy/antineoplastic agents versus conventional palliative drugs in this setting remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Treggiari
- Oncology Service, Centro Specialistico Veterinario, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - M A Pellin
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - P Valenti
- Oncology Service, Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa, 21017, Samarate, Italy
| | - K M Curran
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - J F Borrego
- Oncology Service, Hospital Auna Especialidades Veterinarias, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - G Romanelli
- Oncology Service, Centro Specialistico Veterinario, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - S L Mason
- Department of Oncology, The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, Cambridgeshire, UK.,S.L. Mason's current address is Southfield's Veterinary Specialists, Oncology Service, Basildon, UK
| | - A Taylor
- Oncology Service, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Hertfordshire, UK
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14
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Siddle MR, Desprez I, Dickinson RM, MacDonald V, Parker DL. Forelimb amputation for the treatment of distal radius osteosarcoma in an African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Pacholec C, Lisciandro GR, Masseau I, Donnelly L, DeClue A, Reinero CR. Lung ultrasound nodule sign for detection of pulmonary nodule lesions in dogs: Comparison to thoracic radiography using computed tomography as the criterion standard. Vet J 2021; 275:105727. [PMID: 34343710 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic radiography (TR), the most common screening test for pulmonary metastases in dogs, can fail to detect small lesions <3 mm. Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is a widely available imaging modality capable of detecting peripheral nodules but is underutilized for this purpose. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) is the criterion standard for diagnosis of lung metastases and nodular disease but is less practical for a variety of reasons. We hypothesized that LUS would be more sensitive but less specific at detecting nodules consistent with metastatic pulmonary disease in dogs compared to TR, using CT as the criterion standard. This was a masked, single-center prospective study of 62 client-owned dogs evaluated for respiratory signs or pulmonary metastatic neoplasia screening using TR, LUS and CT. Dogs were included if metastatic pulmonary disease was a differential. All imaging modalities were scored as having nodules (yes/no) and other types of pathologic lesions were recorded. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and positive (LR+) and negative likelihood ratios (LR-) were determined for TR and LUS. For TR, Se and Sp were 64% and 73%, and LR+ and LR- were 2.37 and 0.49, respectively. For LUS, Se and Sp were 60% and 65% and LR+ and LR- were 1.71 and 0.62, respectively. The results of the study indicate that LUS had a similar Se to TR, with both modalities missing nodules when used for screening. The low Sp and LR- suggests caution should be used when assuming TR and LUS rule out the presence of nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pacholec
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - G R Lisciandro
- Hill Country Veterinary Specialists, Spicewood, TX, 78669, USA
| | - I Masseau
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - L Donnelly
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - A DeClue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - C R Reinero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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16
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Raue K, Raue J, Hauck D, Söbbeler F, Morelli S, Traversa D, Schnyder M, Volk H, Strube C. Do All Roads Lead to Rome? The Potential of Different Approaches to Diagnose Aelurostrongylus abstrusus Infection in Cats. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050602. [PMID: 34069100 PMCID: PMC8157210 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An infection with the cat lungworm, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, can be subclinical, but it can also cause severe respiratory clinical signs. Larvae excretion, antibody levels, clinical assessment findings of the respiratory system and diagnostic imaging findings were recorded and compared for six cats with experimental aelurostrongylosis. In five cats, patency started 33-47 days post infection (pi), but two cats excreted larvae only in long intervals and low numbers. Positive ELISA results were observed in four cats with patent aelurostrongylosis, starting between five days before and 85 days after onset of patency. One seropositive cat remained copromicroscopically negative. Mild respiratory signs were observed in all cats examined. A computed tomographic (CT) examination of the lungs displayed distinct alterations, even in absence of evident clinical signs or when larvae excretion was low or negative. The thoracic radiograph evaluation correlated with the CT results, but CT was more distinctive. After anthelmintic treatment in the 25th week post infection, pulmonary imaging findings improved back to normal within 6-24 weeks. This study shows that a multifaceted approach, including diagnostic imaging, can provide a clearer diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Furthermore, a CT examination provides an alternative to post mortem examination and worm counts in anthelmintic efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Raue
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.R.); (D.H.)
| | - Jonathan Raue
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.R.); (F.S.); (H.V.)
| | - Daniela Hauck
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.R.); (D.H.)
| | - Franz Söbbeler
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.R.); (F.S.); (H.V.)
| | - Simone Morelli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (S.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Donato Traversa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (S.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Manuela Schnyder
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Holger Volk
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.R.); (F.S.); (H.V.)
| | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.R.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Piroth AC, Urbanschitz T, Lederer KA, Lipnik K, Degasperi B. [Intrapelvic leiomyoma causing concurrent colonic and urethral obstruction in a dog]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:134-141. [PMID: 33902122 DOI: 10.1055/a-1385-5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year-old female spayed dog was presented due to simultaneous inability to defecate and urinate. During digital rectal examination a smooth, rounded, firm-elastic mass was detected. Laboratory results showed a 6-fold elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase activity. Ultrasonographic, radiographic and computed tomography findings raised the suspicion of a leiomyoma. An ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed under mild sedation but cytologic evaluation was inconclusive. During laparotomy the mass was located at the colorectal transition. It was completely removed while keeping the intestinal wall intact. The results of the histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed the initial tentative diagnosis of a leiomyoma. Postoperatively the patient was able to pass urine and feces spontaneously. Six months later the dog presented clinically unremarkable. Abdominal ultrasound and rectal examination exhibited no signs of recurrence. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was only marginally increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Piroth
- Klinische Abteilung für Kleintierchirurgie, Universitätsklinik für Kleintiere, Department für Kleintiere und Pferde, Vetmeduni Wien
| | - Tobias Urbanschitz
- Klinische Abteilung für Interne Medizin Kleintiere, Universitätsklinik für Kleintiere, Department für Kleintiere und Pferde, Vetmeduni Wien
| | - Kristina A Lederer
- Klinische Abteilung für Bildgebende Diagnostik, Universitätsklinik für Kleintiere, Department für Kleintiere und Pferde, Vetmeduni Wien
| | - Karoline Lipnik
- Institut für Pathologie, Department für Pathobiologie, Vetmeduni Wien
| | - Brigitte Degasperi
- Klinische Abteilung für Kleintierchirurgie, Universitätsklinik für Kleintiere, Department für Kleintiere und Pferde, Vetmeduni Wien
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18
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Villedieu EJ, Petite AF, Godolphin JD, Bacon NJ. Prevalence of pulmonary nodules suggestive of metastasis at presentation in dogs with cutaneous or subcutaneous soft tissue sarcoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:179-185. [PMID: 33405989 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of pulmonary nodules suggestive of metastasis at the time of initial presentation in dogs with cutaneous or subcutaneous soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) and no previous related thoracic diagnostic imaging. ANIMALS 146 client-owned dogs with a cutaneous or subcutaneous STS. PROCEDURES Medical records were retrospectively searched to identify dogs with STSs that underwent initial thoracic diagnostic imaging when presented for referral examination between September 2014 and March 2018. Data collected included patient and tumor characteristics. Results were evaluated for dogs grouped on the basis of variables of interest (eg, STS grade, duration, or history). RESULTS Initial thoracic imaging was performed with CT (131/146 [89.7%]) or radiography (15 [10.3%]). Although the presence or absence of pulmonary nodules suggestive of metastasis on thoracic imaging was uncertain in 9 dogs, it was certain in the remaining 137 dogs, with nodules present in 16 (11.7%) dogs (5/77 [6%] with grade 1 STSs, 2/36 [6%] with grade 2 STSs, and 9/24 [38%] with grade 3 STSs). The odds of such pulmonary nodules being present on initial examination were higher (OR, 10.8 and 3.14, respectively) for dogs with grade 3 STSs (vs grade 1 or 2 STSs) and for dogs with an STS duration > 3 months (versus ≤ 3 months). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that pulmonary staging was a low-yield diagnostic procedure for dogs with grade 1 or 2 cutaneous or subcutaneous STSs, especially when tumors had been present for ≤ 3 months.
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19
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Dittmer KE, Pemberton S. A Holistic Approach to Bone Tumors in Dogs and Cats: Radiographic and Histologic Correlation. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:841-857. [PMID: 33779406 DOI: 10.1177/0300985821999832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal system is a common site for neoplasia in dogs and cats, and primary bone tumors may develop from any of the mesenchymal tissues present in bone. Imaging and histopathology are routinely used in the diagnosis of bone tumors, and the 2 techniques are highly complementary. While imaging may be highly suggestive of a specific diagnosis and treatment may be instituted based on this, definitive diagnosis requires histopathology of either incisional or excisional biopsies or an amputation specimen. However, there are a number of diagnostic dilemmas when the pathologist interprets bone biopsy samples, such as distinguishing reactive bone and tumor bone, fracture callus and tumor bone, different benign fibro-osseous lesions, and different types of bone sarcoma. This review outlines the characteristic radiographic and histologic changes associated with these diagnostic problems to aid in resolving them. When a holistic approach is taken to evaluation of the signalment, history, and clinical, radiologic, and microscopic features, a diagnosis may be possible. The pathologist is greatly assisted in the interpretation of bone samples by having access to imaging and should routinely request either the images or the imaging reports if they are not received from submitting veterinarians.
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20
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Giannasi C, Rushton S, Rook A, Steen NVD, Venier F, Ward PT, Bell R, Trevail T, Lamb V, Eiras A, Ellis J, Roberts E. Canine thyroid carcinoma prognosis following the utilisation of computed tomography assisted staging. Vet Rec 2021; 189:e55. [PMID: 34241838 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic disease is frequently present at the time of diagnosis of canine thyroid carcinoma; however, utilisation of computed tomography (CT) alone for staging pre-treatment has been rarely reported in the veterinary literature. METHODS The aims of this retrospective study were to stage affected dogs using CT findings of the cervical and thoracic regions, combined with histopathology/cytology results, in order to assess whether metastatic disease/WHO staging was of prognostic significance. RESULTS Fifty-eight dogs were included in the study. Classification of cases into WHO stages I, II, III and IV were 10%, 50%, 9% and 31%, respectively. No statistically significant effect of WHO stage classification on overall survival/follow-up time was found (P = .576). Surgery resulted in a statistically significant increase in overall survival/follow-up time (P < .01). There was no statistically significant effect on overall survival/follow-up time in dogs that received medical therapy, either as sole therapy or as an adjunctive post-surgery (P = .198). CONCLUSION In summary, this study documents the metastatic rate of canine thyroid carcinoma using CT for staging pre-treatment. Staging utilising CT revealed a higher distant metastatic rate in dogs with thyroid carcinoma when compared to historical studies using different imaging techniques. As long-term outcomes are possible for cases with advanced disease, surgical intervention could still be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giannasi
- Internal Medicine Department, Cave Veterinary Specialists, West Buckland, UK.,Internal Medicine Department, Wear Referrals, Veterinary Hospital, Bradbury, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Steven Rushton
- Biological Modelling, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alice Rook
- Internal Medicine Department, Cave Veterinary Specialists, West Buckland, UK
| | - Nele Van Den Steen
- Internal Medicine Department, Cave Veterinary Specialists, West Buckland, UK
| | - Francesca Venier
- Internal Medicine Department, Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Internal Medicine Department, NorthWest Veterinary Specialists, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn, UK
| | - Patricia Trish Ward
- Internal Medicine Department, Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rory Bell
- Internal Medicine Department, Wear Referrals, Veterinary Hospital, Bradbury, Stockton-on-Tees, UK.,Internal Medicine Department, Swift Referrals, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Tim Trevail
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department, Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Ringwood, Hampshire, UK
| | - Valerie Lamb
- Internal Medicine Department, Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Ringwood, Hampshire, UK
| | - Aldara Eiras
- Internal Medicine Department, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Jenny Ellis
- Internal Medicine Department, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, UK.,Internal Medicine Department, Western Australian Veterinary Emergency & Speciality, Success, UK
| | - Emma Roberts
- Internal Medicine Department, Cave Veterinary Specialists, West Buckland, UK.,Internal Medicine Department, Highcroft Veterinary Referrals, Whitchurch, Bristol, UK
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21
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Browning GR, Carpenter JW, Tucker-Mohl K, Biller DS, Sago J, Schneider SM. Skeletal metastasis and spinal cord compression due to uterine adenocarcinoma in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Elhamiani Khatat S, Vallefuoco R, El Mrini M, Canonne-Guibert M, Rosenberg D. Renal adenocarcinoma associated with hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2020; 6:2055116920962433. [PMID: 33282332 PMCID: PMC7686623 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920962433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 10-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was diagnosed
with renal adenocarcinoma associated with hypertrophic
osteopathy. The cat was referred for chronic ambulation
difficulties. The physical examination showed a painful
thickening of all four limbs, a right cranial abdominal mass and
a conjunctival hyperaemia. Radiographic findings were consistent
with extensive periosteal new bone formation involving not only
the diaphyses of the fore- and hindlimbs, but also of the
pelvis, tarsus and carpus. Abdominal ultrasonography and CT
revealed a mass within the right kidney and a primary neoplasm
was suspected. A ureteronephrectomy of the right kidney was
performed and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of renal
adenocarcinoma. Although clinical improvement of the lameness
occurred after surgery, no radiographic changes of hypertrophic
osteopathy lesions were observed at the 9-month follow-up. Relevance and novel information Feline cases of hypertrophic osteopathy are rarely reported in the
literature and only a few of them were associated with abdominal
neoplastic diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first case of
renal adenocarcinoma associated with hypertrophic osteopathy in
a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elhamiani Khatat
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Meryem El Mrini
- Department of Animal Production, National Office of Sanitary Safety of Food Products, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Morgane Canonne-Guibert
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center, National Veterinary Schooll of Maisons-Alfort, University of Paris-Est Créteil, Val-de-Marne, France
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23
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Goto S, Iwasaki R, Sakai H, Mori T. A retrospective analysis on the outcome of 18 dogs with malignant ovarian tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:442-450. [PMID: 32700381 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Little evidence is available regarding the prognosis of dogs with malignant ovarian tumours. The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the outcomes and determine the prognostic factors for dogs with malignant ovarian tumours following treatment, including surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. Eighteen dogs were studied, their median age was 12 years (range: 7-15 years), and their median body weight was 6.9 kg (range: 2.3-17.8 kg). Following histopathologic diagnoses revealed that granulosa cell tumour was the most common type (n = 9), followed by dysgerminoma (n = 5), and adenocarcinoma (n = 4). Eleven dogs had surgery alone. Seven dogs had surgery with adjuvant therapy, including chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The median survival time (ST) was 1009 days when only deaths owing to the ovarian tumours were considered, and predictors of median ST were T-category (≥ T3, 443 days vs ≤ T2, 1474 days; P = .002), presence of metastatic disease (present, 391 days vs absent, 1474 days; P < .001) and lymphovascular space invasion (present, 428 days vs absent, 1474 days; P = .003) in a univariate analysis. Median ST in dogs with granulosa cell tumour seemed longer than in dogs with dysgerminoma and adenocarcinoma, although the difference was statistically insignificant (1474 days vs 458 days, respectively; P = .10). Considering the good prognosis, aggressive treatment can be recommended for dogs with malignant ovarian tumours, especially early-stage cases. Despite metastasis being present at diagnosis, half of the dogs with metastasis survived for more than 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Goto
- Animal Medical Centre, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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24
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Ward JL, Lisciandro GR, Ware WA, Miles KG, Viall AK, DeFrancesco TC. Lung ultrasonography findings in dogs with various underlying causes of cough. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:574-583. [PMID: 31429645 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.5.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize lung ultrasonography (LUS) findings in dogs with a primary clinical complaint of cough. ANIMALS 100 client-owned coughing dogs. PROCEDURES A standardized LUS examination was performed for all dogs to quantify the number of B lines and identify subpleural abnormalities at 4 sites on each hemithorax. The final clinical diagnosis (reference standard) was determined by medical record review, and sensitivity and specificity of LUS for the diagnosis of selected causes of cough was determined. RESULTS Common underlying causes of cough included dynamic airway collapse (n = 37), cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE; 12), and bronchitis (10). Compared with dogs with other causes of cough, dogs with bacterial pneumonia (n = 7) were more likely to have subpleural shred signs, whereas dogs with pulmonary neoplasia (4) were more likely to have subpleural nodule signs. Dogs with CPE had higher total B-line scores and higher numbers of LUS sites strongly positive for B lines (> 3 B lines/site) than other dogs. The LUS criteria of total B-line score ≥ 10 and presence of ≥ 2 sites strongly positive for B lines were each 92% sensitive and 94% specific for CPE diagnosis. Notably, 18% (16/88) of dogs with noncardiac causes of cough had been treated previously with diuretics because of prior CPE misdiagnosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE LUS profiles in dogs with cough differed by the underlying cause. In dogs with a clinical history of cough, this imaging modality could be diagnostically useful, particularly to help exclude the possibility of underlying CPE.
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25
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Story AL, Wavreille V, Abrams B, Egan A, Cray M, Selmic LE. Outcomes of 43 small breed dogs treated for splenic hemangiosarcoma. Vet Surg 2020; 49:1154-1163. [PMID: 32562436 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine outcome and prognostic factors in small breed dogs in which hemangiosarcoma was diagnosed and whether outcomes differed between small and large breed dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma. STUDY DESIGN Bi-institutional retrospective study. ANIMALS Forty-three small breed (<20 kg) and 94 large breed client-owned dogs. METHODS Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs treated with splenectomy for splenic hemangiosarcoma. Data acquired included signalment, preoperative staging, bloodwork results, surgical findings, histopathologic findings, administration of chemotherapy, presence/absence of metastatic disease, and survival time (ST). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to assess prognostic factors associated with survival. RESULTS The overall median ST was 116 days and 97 days for small and large breed dogs, respectively. The ST for dogs treated with surgery and chemotherapy was 207 and 139 days for small and large breed dogs, respectively. The disease-free interval (DFI) was 446 and 80 days for small and large breed dogs, respectively. Dog size was associated with DFI (P = .02) but not with ST (P = .09). The presence of metastasis at diagnosis was associated with decreased ST in small (P = .03) and large (P = .0009) breed dogs. Administration of chemotherapy (P = .02) was associated with increased ST (P = .02) in small breed dogs. CONCLUSION The ST was not different in small and large breed dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated with splenectomy and chemotherapy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Prognosis remains poor despite aggressive therapies in small and large breed dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton L Story
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vincent Wavreille
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brittany Abrams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Angela Egan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Megan Cray
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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26
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Abstract
Cough is one of the most common complaints in human medicine. In veterinary medicine cough is equally frequent and plays a significant role in an owner's perception of their pet's quality of life. In human and veterinary medicine, therapy for chronic cough is often ineffective. The complexity of the cough pathway and species differences have made it difficult to develop an effective antitussive agent for veterinary patients. The few effective antitussive agents currently available are associated with significant adverse effects. Fortunately, several promising drugs currently being studied in human clinical trials may offer options for use of novel antitussive therapies in small animal patients. This article reviews current understanding about cough pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies used to uncover underlying etiology of cough, and examines available options for controlling cough, including novel antitussive therapies used in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa M Hsieh
- Internal Medicine, Southern Arizona Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Alicia K Beets
- Internal Medicine, MedVet Medical and Cancer Centers for Pets, Metairie, LA, United States
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27
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Pérez-Accino J, Liuti T, Pecceu E, Cazzini P. Endogenous lipoid pneumonia associated with pulmonary neoplasia in three dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:223-228. [PMID: 31943233 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous lipoid pneumonia is a poorly characterised condition in veterinary medicine, particularly in dogs, but it is well recognised in association with lung neoplasia in humans. This case series describes three unique cases of endogenous lipoid pneumonia associated with lung neoplasia, including clinical, imaging, cytological findings and outcome. Clinical presentation and imaging lesions can appear non-specific and may be obscured by neoplastic infiltrate and so diagnosis requires cytology or histopathology. Awareness of endogenous lipoid pneumonia in dogs with pulmonary neoplasia has an impact on staging and monitoring, treatment of clinical signs and quality of life and also aids appropriate use of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pérez-Accino
- Hospital for Small animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - T Liuti
- Hospital for Small animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - E Pecceu
- Hospital for Small animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - P Cazzini
- Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
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28
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Dobson JM. Significant advances in veterinary oncology - 60 years on. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:711-722. [PMID: 31742711 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The first edition of the Journal of Small Animal Practice published in February 1960, contained a paper entitled "Recent Treatments of Malignant Neoplasia" by Dr Larry Owen. Now we have reached the 60th anniversary of JSAP, that article provides a baseline from which to review subsequent advances in veterinary oncology, which now includes worldwide networks that have resulted in veterinary oncology becoming the multidisciplinary speciality that it is today. There certainly have been many advances in understanding of the pathology and epidemiology of animal cancers and in methods of diagnosis and treatment. However, the subject has become so large and diverse that not all aspects can be covered in detail here. It should also be acknowledged that there are still many gaps in knowledge in this field and that, because of a lack of randomised clinical trials, the evidence base for what is often regarded as "standard of care" is weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
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Pöhlmann G, Lüpke M, Seiler C, Wefstaedt P, Bach JP, Nolte I, Seifert H. Development of a zoomorphic test specimen for constancy testing on digital X-ray systems in veterinary radiology. Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:40. [PMID: 31429771 PMCID: PMC6701019 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Technical failures and incorrect usage of digital X-ray systems may lead to a decreasing image quality, artefacts and a higher dose exposure of staff and patients. Although there are no regulations regarding constancy testing in veterinary radiology all operators are required to avoid unnecessary exposure. The aim of this study was to develop a reasonably inexpensive zoomorphic 3D-printed test specimen for constancy testing that allows the detection of changing image quality by visual analysis. Primarily, a calibration curve of the attenuation factor of the 3D-printing material (ZP150) was determined. MATLAB converted every pixel value of a thorax X-ray image of a Beagle dog into an equivalent thickness of printing material. The thickness distribution was printed using a 3D-printer. This printed test specimen was additionally provided with five thin aluminium discs to simulate lung nodules. To evaluate the usability for constancy testing 12 X-ray images of the test specimen were made. Two images (reference and control) were taken with the minimum dose in order to obtain images suitable for diagnosis purposes. Eight images were taken with a dose differing 30–140% from the reference dose by varying current–time product (mAs) or tube voltage (kVp). Two images were taken with the same parameters as the reference image but edited with different image processing. Six veterinarians (general practitioners) evaluated ten chosen structures in the X-ray images in a Visual Grading Analysis and scored the image quality of these structures for every image in comparison to the reference image. A Visual Grading Analysis Score was calculated and statistically analysed. Results A higher current–time product led to a negligibly better evaluation of the X-ray image. The lower the current–time product the worse the X-ray images were scored. Likewise, both increasing and decreasing of the tube voltage led to lower scores. Conclusions A zoomorphic test specimen can be used for constancy testing of digital X-ray systems in veterinary medicine. Especially a lower dose can be recognised due to deviation in the image quality when compared to the reference image. The 3D-printed test specimen is less expensive than test equipment used in human medicine.
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Iwasaki R, Shimosato Y, Yoshikawa R, Goto S, Yoshida K, Murakami M, Kawabe M, Sakai H, Mori T. Survival analysis in dogs with urinary transitional cell carcinoma that underwent whole-body computed tomography at diagnosis. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:385-393. [PMID: 31012230 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate factors associated with survival and to compare characteristics between tumour localizations in dogs with urinary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) that underwent whole-body computed tomography (CT) at diagnosis. Dogs with histologically confirmed TCC that received medical therapy between 2010 and 2017 were included; dogs that underwent surgery or radiotherapy for the primary tumour were excluded. According to the CT findings, primary tumour localization (classified into the Bladder, Urethra and Bladder and Urethra groups), prostate involvement, iliosacral lymphadenomegaly, sternal lymphadenomegaly and metastasis to the bone and lung were evaluated for survival analysis. CT at diagnosis revealed iliosacral lymphadenomegaly, sternal lymphadenomegaly, bone metastasis and lung metastasis in 47.7%, 18.5%, 24.6% and 35.4% of the 65 included dogs, respectively. The overall median survival time was 196 days. On multivariable analysis, TCC localization (hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; P = .037), bone metastasis (HR, 2.76; P = .013) and sternal lymphadenomegaly (HR, 3.56; P = .004) were significantly associated with survival. Compared to the Bladder group (n = 16), the Urethra group (n = 26) had higher metastasis rates to the bone (6.3% vs 42.3%; P = .045) and lung (6.3% vs 46.2%; P = .022). The survival time was shorter in the Urethra group than in the Bladder group (121.5 vs 420 days; P < .001), and it was similar only in female dogs (247 vs 420 days; P = .031). These findings suggest that whole-body CT could be valuable for predicting the prognosis in urinary TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Iwasaki
- Animal Medical Centre, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuka Shimosato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sho Goto
- Animal Medical Centre, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mami Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mifumi Kawabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and hemangiosarcoma (HSA) are uncommon and aggressive neoplasms that develop much more frequently in dogs than in cats. Breed-specific predispositions have been identified for both cancers. The development of novel diagnostics is underway and may aid in earlier diagnosis. Therapeutic approaches to HS and HSA depend on the stage of disease and may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Such interventions improve outcome; however, aside from a small number of clinical circumstances, both diseases are considered largely incurable. Continued efforts toward the identification of driver mutations and subsequent druggable targets may lead to improvements in long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mullin
- Hope Veterinary Specialists, 40 Three Tun Road, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | - Craig A Clifford
- Hope Veterinary Specialists, 40 Three Tun Road, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
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Hansen KS, Kent MS. Imaging in Non-neurologic Oncologic Treatment Planning of the Head and Neck. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:90. [PMID: 30984771 PMCID: PMC6448413 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging is critical for the diagnosis and staging of veterinary oncology patients. Although cytology or biopsy is generally required for diagnosis, imaging characteristics inform the likelihood of a cancer diagnosis, can result in a prioritized list of differentials that guide further staging tests, and assist in the planning of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy options. Advanced imaging, such as CT and MRI, can better define the extent of disease for surgical and radiation planning for head and neck cancer cases in particular. Additionally, new imaging technologies are continually being translated into veterinary fields, and they may provide more options for cancer patients as they become more widely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Hansen
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
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Carloni A, Terragni R, Morselli-Labate AM, Paninarova M, Graham J, Valenti P, Alberti M, Albarello G, Millanta F, Vignoli M. Prevalence, distribution, and clinical characteristics of hemangiosarcoma-associated skeletal muscle metastases in 61 dogs: A whole body computed tomographic study. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:812-819. [PMID: 30793807 PMCID: PMC6430957 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle metastases (SMMs) have been described sporadically in canine oncology. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, localization, and clinical signs of SMMs associated with hemangiosarcoma (HSA) in a population of dogs presented for whole body computed tomography (CT). ANIMALS Dogs with a histologically confirmed HSA and a tissue core specimen or fine needle aspirate of suspected metastatic lesions were included in the study. METHODS Retrospective study. Dogs with a final diagnosis of visceral or muscular HSA that underwent whole body CT scan were enrolled in the study. Final diagnosis of primary tumor and SMMs was reached by histology, cytology, or both. Signalment, clinical signs, localization of the primary lesion, and metastases characteristics were reviewed. RESULTS Sixty-one dogs met the inclusion criteria. Skeletal muscle metastases were detected in 15 dogs (24.6%) and all of these dogs had also metastases in ≥1 sites. Presence of SMMs was significantly higher in males but was not significantly related to age, neuter status, breed, localization, and dimensions of the primary tumor. Nine of 15 (60.0%) dogs with SMMs showed lameness or reluctance to move whereas these signs were not recorded in any of the 42 dogs without SMMs (P < .001). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Prevalence of SMMs in our population of dogs with HSA was higher in comparison to previous studies in the human and veterinary medical literature. Whole body CT is recommended for staging of dogs with HSA, because SMMs could be missed by clinical examination and traditional diagnostic imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carloni
- Service of Diagnostic Imaging, I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Michaela Paninarova
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - John Graham
- Canada West Veterinary Specialists, Vancouver, Canada and Idexx Teleradiology, Portland, Oregon
| | - Paola Valenti
- Service of Diagnostic Imaging, I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Alberti
- Service of Diagnostic Imaging, I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Vignoli
- Service of Diagnostic Imaging, I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Lamb CR, Whitlock J, Foster‐Yeow ATL. Prevalence of pulmonary nodules in dogs with malignant neoplasia as determined by CT. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:300-305. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Lamb
- Department of Clinical Sciences and ServicesThe Royal Veterinary College Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - James Whitlock
- Department of Clinical Sciences and ServicesThe Royal Veterinary College Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T. L. Foster‐Yeow
- Department of Clinical Sciences and ServicesThe Royal Veterinary College Hertfordshire United Kingdom
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Dickerson VM, Grimes JA, Vetter CA, Colopy SA, Duval JM, Northrup NC, Schmiedt CW. Outcome following cosmetic rostral nasal reconstruction after planectomy in 26 dogs. Vet Surg 2018; 48:64-69. [PMID: 30412285 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the outcome and owner satisfaction after planectomy for nasal planum neoplasia with cosmetic reconstruction with bilateral labial mucocutaneous rotation flaps in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Multi-institutional, retrospective case series. ANIMALS Twenty-six client-owned dogs. METHODS Medical records were searched for dogs that had undergone the procedure. Signalment, diagnosis, surgery, complications, requirement for revision surgery, recurrence, and survival information were recorded. Owners were contacted by telephone about their dog's quality of life after the procedure and their satisfaction with their dog's outcome. RESULTS Twenty-five dogs underwent radical planectomy, and 1 dog underwent resection of the nasal planum. Twenty-four dogs had a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, 1 had a diagnosis of atypical adenocarcinoma, and 1 had a diagnosis of a mast cell tumor. Complications occurred in 19 (73%) dogs, with 9 dogs requiring revision surgery; 1 dog not surviving to discharge. Median survival time was 1542 days (range, 3-2010). Recurrence of the primary tumor was suspected in 2 (7.7%) dogs, both with narrow or incomplete excision. Among 11 owners interviewed, 10 were satisfied with their dog's appearance, and 8 reported they would consent to the procedure again. CONCLUSION Dehiscence was common after this procedure, but local tumor control and survival times were excellent. Owner satisfaction was high, although preoperative client education is vital. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This technique should be considered as a viable option for dogs with nasal planum neoplasia given the high rate of recurrence with less aggressive treatment. Complications common following surgery, but do not persist long term and survival times were excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanna M Dickerson
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Janet A Grimes
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Catherine A Vetter
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sara A Colopy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Julie M Duval
- Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners, Sandy Springs, Georgia
| | - Nicole C Northrup
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Chad W Schmiedt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Hans EC, Pinard C, van Nimwegen SA, Kirpensteijn J, Singh A, MacEachern S, Naber S, Dudley RM. Effect of surgical site infection on survival after limb amputation in the curative‐intent treatment of canine appendicular osteosarcoma: a Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology retrospective study. Vet Surg 2018; 47:E88-E96. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Hans
- MedVet Medical and Cancer Center for Pets Worthington Ohio
| | - Chris Pinard
- Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - S. A. van Nimwegen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jolle Kirpensteijn
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ameet Singh
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | | | - Steven Naber
- Department of StatisticsThe Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
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37
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Piirainen KJ, Viitanen SJ, Lappalainen AK, Mölsä SH. Intraluminal tracheal lipoma as a rare cause of dyspnoea in a dog. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:59. [PMID: 30261909 PMCID: PMC6161456 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tracheal tumors are rarely diagnosed in veterinary medicine and the majority of tracheal neoplasia reported in adult dogs are malignant. Intratracheal lipoma has not been previously reported in the veterinary literature. Case presentation A 7-year-old Briard dog was evaluated for inspiratory dyspnoea and an inspiratory wheeze. Cervical radiographs and tracheoscopic examination revealed an intratracheal mass that was surgically removed. The dog has been asymptomatic after the surgery. Conclusions Based on histopathology, the mass was diagnosed as lipoma. To the authors‘ knowledge, this is the first published report of an intratracheal lipoma in the veterinary literature.
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Perez Lopez P, Rasotto R, Caine A, Cherubini GB. Malignant melanoma with central nervous system involvement in a dog treated with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Perez Lopez
- Roberta Rasotto Diagnostic PathologyDick White ReferralsCambridgeshireUK
| | | | - Abby Caine
- Diagnostic ImagingDick White ReferralsCambridgeshireUK
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Ward JL, Lisciandro GR, DeFrancesco TC. Distribution of alveolar-interstitial syndrome in dogs and cats with respiratory distress as assessed by lung ultrasound versus thoracic radiographs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2018; 28:415-428. [PMID: 30075063 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess distribution of alveolar-interstitial syndrome (AIS) detected by lung ultrasound (LUS) compared to thoracic radiographs (TXR). DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Seventy-six dogs and 24 cats with acute respiratory distress or tachypnea. INTERVENTIONS Patients underwent LUS and TXR within 6 hours. Lung ultrasound images were scored for presence and quantity of B-lines in 4 lung quadrants (right cranial, right caudal, left cranial, left caudal). An individual LUS quadrant was scored positive if > 3 B-lines were observed within a single intercostal space. Dorsoventral TXR were scored for presence of AIS in the same 4 quadrants. An individual TXR quadrant was scored positive if infiltrate was present in ≥ 25% of the quadrant. Medical records were evaluated for final diagnosis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Quadrant-by-quadrant spatial agreement in assigning AIS using LUS versus TXR was fair (K = 0.24 - 0.56). Lung ultrasound scored a higher number of quadrants positive per patient (2.65 ± 1.59 vs. 2.13 ± 1.48; P = 0.012). Patterns of distribution of AIS differed significantly based on final diagnosis. Patients with left-sided congestive heart failure were more likely to have diffuse AIS on LUS (P < 0.001) or bilateral caudal AIS on TXR (P = 0.04) while patients with noncardiac disease were more likely to have absence of AIS in all quadrants using either modality (P < 0.001). Differences in spatial distribution of AIS were also noted among disease subcategories. CONCLUSIONS Lung ultrasound and TXR were both useful to detect and categorize distribution of alveolar or interstitial pulmonary pathology. Spatial agreement between modalities was only fair. Overall, LUS detected a higher incidence of AIS compared to TXR. Both modalities detected differences in distribution of AIS based on final diagnosis, suggesting that a regional pattern-based approach to thoracic imaging may prove diagnostically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ward
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | - Teresa C DeFrancesco
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Turner H, Séguin B, Worley DR, Ehrhart NP, Lafferty MH, Withrow SJ, Selmic LE. Prognosis for dogs with stage III osteosarcoma following treatment with amputation and chemotherapy with and without metastasectomy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 251:1293-1305. [PMID: 29154712 DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.11.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine survival times of selected dogs with metastatic (stage III) osteosarcoma, whether disease-free interval (DFI) was associated with survival time after diagnosis of stage III disease (ie, stage III survival time), and whether a survival benefit of metastasectomy existed. DESIGN Retrospective case series with nested cohort study. ANIMALS 194 client-owned dogs treated for histologically confirmed appendicular osteosarcoma from 1997 through 2009. PROCEDURES Dogs were included if they had stage I or II osteosarcoma at the time of initial evaluation, had amputation of the affected appendage and ≥ 1 dose of chemotherapy afterward, and developed metastasis within the follow-up period or prior to death. Data collected from the medical records included signalment, primary tumor location, clinical and laboratory findings, whether metastasectomy was performed, and outcome. Various factors were examined for associations with outcome. RESULTS Dogs that received no treatment for the metastasis had a median survival time between 49 and 57 days after diagnosis of stage III osteosarcoma. Duration of the preceding DFI had no association with this period. Metastasectomy alone was associated with a longer median stage III survival time (232 days) than no metastasectomy (49 days). Among all dogs identified as qualifying for pulmonary metastasectomy on the basis of < 3 pulmonary nodules visible on thoracic radiographs and a DFI > 275 days (n = 21), a survival advantage was also identified for those that actually received pulmonary metastasectomy (6). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Preceding DFI had no influence on survival time of dogs with stage III osteosarcoma. Metastasectomy was associated with an increase in survival time for selected dogs.
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Allison A, Huizing X, Jolliffe C, Schaafsma I. Effect of fixed value positive end expiratory pressure valves on canine thoracic volume and atelectasis. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:645-651. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Allison
- Anaesthesia Department; Animal Health Trust; Newmarket Suffolk CB8 7UU UK
| | - X. Huizing
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science; University Utrecht; Utrecht 3584 The Netherlands
| | - C. Jolliffe
- Anaesthesia Department; Animal Health Trust; Newmarket Suffolk CB8 7UU UK
| | - I. Schaafsma
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Animal Heath Trust; Newmarket Suffolk CB8 7UU UK
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Park JS, Withers SS, Modiano JF, Kent MS, Chen M, Luna JI, Culp WTN, Sparger EE, Rebhun RB, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ, Canter RJ. Canine cancer immunotherapy studies: linking mouse and human. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:97. [PMID: 28031824 PMCID: PMC5171656 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent major clinical breakthroughs in human cancer immunotherapy including the use of checkpoint inhibitors and engineered T cells, important challenges remain, including determining the sub-populations of patients who will respond and who will experience at times significant toxicities. Although advances in cancer immunotherapy depend on preclinical testing, the majority of in-vivo testing currently relies on genetically identical inbred mouse models which, while offering critical insights regarding efficacy and mechanism of action, also vastly underrepresent the heterogeneity and complex interplay of human immune cells and cancers. Additionally, laboratory mice uncommonly develop spontaneous tumors, are housed under specific-pathogen free conditions which markedly impacts immune development, and incompletely model key aspects of the tumor/immune microenvironment. The canine model represents a powerful tool in cancer immunotherapy research as an important link between murine models and human clinical studies. Dogs represent an attractive outbred combination of companion animals that experience spontaneous cancer development in the setting of an intact immune system. This allows for study of complex immune interactions during the course of treatment while also directly addressing long-term efficacy and toxicity of cancer immunotherapies. However, immune dissection requires access to robust and validated immune assays and reagents as well as appropriate numbers for statistical evaluation. Canine studies will need further optimization of these important mechanistic tools for this model to fulfill its promise as a model for immunotherapy. This review aims to discuss the canine model in the context of existing preclinical cancer immunotherapy models to evaluate both its advantages and limitations, as well as highlighting its growth as a powerful tool in the burgeoning field of both human and veterinary immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon S Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Sita S Withers
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, and Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Michael S Kent
- The Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Jesus I Luna
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - William T N Culp
- The Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ellen E Sparger
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- The Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Dermatology and Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA.,Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
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43
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Talbott JL, Boston SE, Milner RJ, Lejeune A, Souza CHDM, Kow K, Bacon NJ, Hernandez JA. Retrospective Evaluation of Whole Body Computed Tomography for Tumor Staging in Dogs with Primary Appendicular Osteosarcoma. Vet Surg 2016; 46:75-80. [PMID: 27906470 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whole body computed tomography (CT) for staging canine appendicular osteosarcoma. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma (n=39). METHODS Medical records for client-owned dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma from August 2008 to July 2014 were reviewed. Dogs were included if they had a confirmed diagnosis of appendicular osteosarcoma and were staged using whole body CT. Data collected included signalment, body weight, primary tumor location, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, findings on 3-view thoracic radiographs, cytologic or histologic results, and findings on CT. RESULTS Thirty-nine dogs (median age 8.5 years; median body weight 37 kg) had osteosarcoma of the distal radius (n=17), proximal humerus (11) and other sites. Serum ALP activity was elevated in 14 dogs. Bone metastasis was not detected in any dog on whole body CT. Pulmonary metastasis was considered definitive on CT based on board certified radiologist assessment in 2/39 dogs (5%). Two additional dogs (2/39, 5%) had soft tissue masses diagnosed on CT, consistent with concurrent, non-metastatic malignancies. CONCLUSION Bone metastases were not identified in any dog with whole body CT. Thoracic and abdominal CT detected lung lesions and concurrent neoplasia in dogs with primary appendicular osteosarcoma. Whole body CT may be a useful adjunct to other screening tests for disseminated malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Talbott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sarah E Boston
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rowan J Milner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amandine Lejeune
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Carlos H de M Souza
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kelvin Kow
- University of Surrey School of Veterinary Medicine, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Bacon
- University of Surrey School of Veterinary Medicine, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge A Hernandez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Lascola KM, Clark-Price SC, Joslyn SK, Mitchell MA, O'Brien RT, Hartman SK, Kline KH. Use of manual alveolar recruitment maneuvers to eliminate atelectasis artifacts identified during thoracic computed tomography of healthy neonatal foals. Am J Vet Res 2016; 77:1276-1287. [PMID: 27805443 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.11.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate use of single manual alveolar recruitment maneuvers (ARMs) to eliminate atelectasis during CT of anesthetized foals. ANIMALS 6 neonatal Standardbred foals. PROCEDURES Thoracic CT was performed on spontaneously breathing anesthetized foals positioned in sternal (n = 3) or dorsal (3) recumbency when foals were 24 to 36 hours old (time 1), 4 days old (time 2), 7 days old (time 3), and 10 days old (time 4). The CT images were collected without ARMs (all times) and during ARMs with an internal airway pressure of 10, 20, and 30 cm H2O (times 2 and 3). Quantitative analysis of CT images measured whole lung and regional changes in attenuation or volume with ARMs. RESULTS Increased attenuation and an alveolar pattern were most prominent in the dependent portion of the lungs. Subjectively, ARMs did not eliminate atelectasis; however, they did incrementally reduce attenuation, particularly in the nondependent portion of the lungs. Quantitative differences in lung attenuation attributable to position of foal were not identified. Lung attenuation decreased significantly (times 2 and 3) and lung volume increased significantly (times 2 and 3) after ARMs. Changes in attenuation and volume were most pronounced in the nondependent portion of the lungs and at ARMs of 20 and 30 cm H2O. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Manual ARMs did not eliminate atelectasis but reduced attenuation in nondependent portions of the lungs. Positioning of foals in dorsal recumbency for CT may be appropriate when pathological changes in the ventral portion of the lungs are suspected.
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Carvalho S, Stoll AL, Priestnall SL, Suarez-Bonnet A, Rassnick K, Lynch S, Schoepper I, Romanelli G, Buracco P, Atherton M, de Merlo EM, Lara-Garcia A. Retrospective evaluation of COX-2 expression, histological and clinical factors as prognostic indicators in dogs with renal cell carcinomas undergoing nephrectomy. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1280-1294. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Carvalho
- Oncology Service, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hertfordshire UK
| | - A. L. Stoll
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology; Royal Veterinary College; Hertfordshire UK
| | - S. L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology; Royal Veterinary College; Hertfordshire UK
| | - A. Suarez-Bonnet
- Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Arucas Spain
| | - K. Rassnick
- Veterinary Medical Centre of Central New York; New York USA
| | - S. Lynch
- Davies Veterinary Specialists; Hitchin UK
| | | | | | - P. Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Science; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - M. Atherton
- University of Glasgow School of Veterinary Medicine Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - E. M. de Merlo
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Veterinaria Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - A. Lara-Garcia
- Oncology Service, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hertfordshire UK
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Guarracino A, Lacitignola L, Auriemma E, De Monte V, Grasso S, Crovace A, Staffieri F. WHICH AIRWAY PRESSURE SHOULD BE APPLIED DURING BREATH-HOLD IN DOGS UNDERGOING THORACIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY? Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:475-81. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Guarracino
- Dipartimento delle Emergenze e Trapianti di Organo; Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro," sezione Cliniche Veterinarie e P.A; Valenzano
| | - Luca Lacitignola
- Dipartimento delle Emergenze e Trapianti di Organo; Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro," sezione Cliniche Veterinarie e P.A; Valenzano
| | | | | | - Salvatore Grasso
- Dipartimento dell'Emergenza e dei Trapianti d'Organo; Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Sezione di Anestesia e Rianimazione
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Dipartimento delle Emergenze e Trapianti di Organo; Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro," sezione Cliniche Veterinarie e P.A; Valenzano
| | - Francesco Staffieri
- Dipartimento delle Emergenze e Trapianti di Organo; Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro," sezione Cliniche Veterinarie e P.A; Valenzano
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Magestro LM, Gieger TL. Detection of synchronous primary tumours and previously undetected metastases in 736 dogs with neoplasia undergoing CT scans for diagnostic, staging and/or radiation treatment planning purposes. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:576-581. [PMID: 27135757 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to describe synchronous primary tumours and previously undetected metastases in 736 dogs with confirmed neoplasia in which computed tomography (CT) scans were performed for diagnostic, staging and/or radiation treatment planning purposes. All CTs were reviewed by a radiologist. Tumour-associated CT abnormalities were detected in 38/736 (5%), including confirmed or suspected synchronous primary neoplasms (n = 24), metastases of the primary tumour (n = 9) or both (n = 3). In lymph nodes (LN) that were considered abnormal on CT scan and were aspirated, 23% contained metastasis, and 6% of 'normal' appearing LN that were aspirated contained metastasis. Thorough evaluation of CTs and routine aspiration of regional LN are critical because results affect recommendations to perform additional staging tests and treatment for the primary and secondary tumour(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Magestro
- Department of Clinical Sciences (College of Veterinary Medicine) and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina, State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - T L Gieger
- Department of Clinical Sciences (College of Veterinary Medicine) and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina, State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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Niesterok C, Piesnack S, Köhler C, Ludewig E, Alef M, Kiefer I. [Computed tomography with computer-assisted detection of pulmonary nodules in dogs and cats]. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2015; 43:381-388. [PMID: 26582331 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-150048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the potential benefit of computer-assisted detection (CAD) of pulmonary nodules in veterinary medicine. Therefore, the CAD rate was compared to the detection rates of two individual examiners in terms of its sensitivity and false-positive findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 51 dogs and 16 cats with pulmonary nodules previously diagnosed by computed tomography. First, the number of nodules ≥ 3 mm was recorded for each patient by two independent examiners. Subsequently, each examiner used the CAD software for automated nodule detection. With the knowledge of the CAD results, a final consensus decision on the number of nodules was achieved. The software used was a commercially available CAD program. RESULTS The sensitivity of examiner 1 was 89.2%, while that of examiner 2 reached 87.4%. CAD had a sensitivity of 69.4%. With CAD, the sensitivity of examiner 1 increased to 94.7% and that of examiner 2 to 90.8%. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The CAD-system, which we used in our study, had a moderate sensitivity of 69.4%. Despite its severe limitations, with a high level of false-positive and false-negative results, CAD increased the examiners' sensitivity. Therefore, its supportive role in diagnostics appears to be evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Niesterok
- Christian Niesterok, Klinik für Kleintiere, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 23, 04103 Leipzig, E-Mail:
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Drees R, Johnson RA, Stepien RL, Munoz Del Rio A, Saunders JH, François CJ. QUANTITATIVE PLANAR AND VOLUMETRIC CARDIAC MEASUREMENTS USING 64 MDCT AND 3T MRI VS. STANDARD 2D AND M-MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: DOES ANESTHETIC PROTOCOL MATTER? Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 56:638-57. [PMID: 26082285 PMCID: PMC5006684 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional imaging of the heart utilizing computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to be superior for the evaluation of cardiac morphology and systolic function in humans compared to echocardiography. The purpose of this prospective study was to test the effects of two different anesthetic protocols on cardiac measurements in 10 healthy beagle dogs using 64-multidetector row computed tomographic angiography (64-MDCTA), 3T magnetic resonance (MRI) and standard awake echocardiography. Both anesthetic protocols used propofol for induction and isoflourane for anesthetic maintenance. In addition, protocol A used midazolam/fentanyl and protocol B used dexmedetomedine as premedication and constant rate infusion during the procedure. Significant elevations in systolic and mean blood pressure were present when using protocol B. There was overall good agreement between the variables of cardiac size and systolic function generated from the MDCTA and MRI exams and no significant difference was found when comparing the variables acquired using either anesthetic protocol within each modality. Systolic function variables generated using 64-MDCTA and 3T MRI were only able to predict the left ventricular end diastolic volume as measured during awake echocardiogram when using protocol B and 64-MDCTA. For all other systolic function variables, prediction of awake echocardiographic results was not possible (P = 1). Planar variables acquired using MDCTA or MRI did not allow prediction of the corresponding measurements generated using echocardiography in the awake patients (P = 1). Future studies are needed to validate this approach in a more varied population and clinically affected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jimmy H Saunders
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UGent, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christopher J François
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, UW-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792
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