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Dias IE, Dias IR, Franchi-Mendes T, Viegas CA, Carvalho PP. A Comprehensive Exploration of Therapeutic Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Insights from Human and Animal Studies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:735. [PMID: 38672091 PMCID: PMC11048724 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for a group of chronic inflammatory enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation and persistent or frequent gastrointestinal signs. This disease affects more than 3.5 million humans worldwide and presents some similarities between animal species, in particular, dogs and cats. Although the underlying mechanism that triggers the disease is not yet well understood, the evidence suggests a multifactorial etiology implicating genetic causes, environmental factors, microbiota imbalance, and mucosa immune defects, both in humans and in dogs and cats. Conventional immunomodulatory drug therapies, such as glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants, are related with numerous adverse effects that limit its long-term use, creating the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) emerge as a promising alternative that attenuates intestinal inflammation by modulating inflammatory cytokines in inflamed tissues, and also due to their pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, regenerative, anti-tumor, and anti-microbial potential. However, this therapeutic approach may have important limitations regarding the lack of studies, namely in veterinary medicine, lack of standardized protocols, and high economic cost. This review summarizes the main differences and similarities between human, canine, and feline IBD, as well as the potential treatment and future prospects of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Esteves Dias
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.E.D.); (I.R.D.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Ribeiro Dias
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (I.E.D.); (I.R.D.)
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Teresa Franchi-Mendes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences at Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Antunes Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Campus Universitário, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, Lordemão, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Pires Carvalho
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Campus Universitário, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, Lordemão, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Vetherapy—Research and Development in Biotechnology, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
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Dupouy-Manescau N, Méric T, Sénécat O, Drut A, Valentin S, Leal RO, Hernandez J. Updating the Classification of Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathies in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:681. [PMID: 38473066 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIEs) in dogs are currently classified based on response to sequential treatment trials into food-responsive (FREs); antibiotic-responsive (AREs); immunosuppressant-responsive (IREs); and non-responsive enteropathies (NREs). Recent studies have reported that a proportion of NRE dogs ultimately respond to further dietary trials and are subsequently misclassified. The FRE subset among CIEs is therefore probably underestimated. Moreover, alterations in the gut microbiota composition and function (dysbiosis) have been shown to be involved in CIE pathogenesis in recent research on dogs. Metronidazole and other antibiotics that have been used for decades for dogs with AREs have been demonstrated to result in increased antimicrobial resistance and deleterious effects on the gut microbiota. As a consequence, the clinical approach to CIEs has evolved in recent years toward the gradual abandonment of the use of antibiotics and their replacement by other treatments with the aim of restoring a diverse and functional gut microbiota. We propose here to refine the classification of canine CIEs by replacing the AREs category with a microbiota-related modulation-responsive enteropathies (MrMREs) category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Dupouy-Manescau
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Tristan Méric
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Odile Sénécat
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Amandine Drut
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgrosParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Suzy Valentin
- Hopia, Bozon Veterinary Clinic, 78280 Guyancourt, France
| | - Rodolfo Oliveira Leal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juan Hernandez
- Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, 44300 Nantes, France
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgrosParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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3
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Rojas CA, Entrolezo Z, Jarett JK, Jospin G, Martin A, Ganz HH. Microbiome Responses to Oral Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Cohort of Domestic Dogs. Vet Sci 2024; 11:42. [PMID: 38275924 PMCID: PMC10821121 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) have been successful at treating digestive and skin conditions in dogs. The degree to which the microbiome is impacted by FMT in a cohort of dogs has not been thoroughly investigated. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we document the changes in the microbiome of fifty-four dogs that took capsules of lyophilized fecal material for their chronic diarrhea, vomiting, or constipation. We found that the relative abundances of five bacterial genera (Butyricicoccus, Faecalibacterium, Fusobacterium, Megamonas, and Sutterella) were higher after FMT than before FMT. Fecal microbiome alpha- and beta-diversity were correlated with kibble and raw food consumption, and prior antibiotic use. On average, 18% of the stool donor's bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) engrafted in the FMT recipient, with certain bacterial taxa like Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., and Lachnoclostridium spp. engrafting more frequently than others. Lastly, analyses indicated that the degree of overlap between the donor bacteria and the community of microbes already established in the FMT recipient likely impacts engraftment. Collectively, our work provides further insight into the microbiome and engraftment dynamics of dogs before and after taking oral FMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Holly H. Ganz
- AnimalBiome, Oakland, CA 94609, USA; (C.A.R.); (Z.E.); (J.K.J.); (G.J.); (A.M.)
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Jergens AE, Heilmann RM. Canine chronic enteropathy—Current state-of-the-art and emerging concepts. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:923013. [PMID: 36213409 PMCID: PMC9534534 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.923013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs have received great attention in the basic and clinical research arena. The 2010 ACVIM Consensus Statement, including guidelines for the diagnostic criteria for canine and feline CIE, was an important milestone to a more standardized approach to patients suspected of a CIE diagnosis. Great strides have been made since understanding the pathogenesis and classification of CIE in dogs, and novel diagnostic and treatment options have evolved. New concepts in the microbiome-host-interaction, metabolic pathways, crosstalk within the mucosal immune system, and extension to the gut-brain axis have emerged. Novel diagnostics have been developed, the clinical utility of which remains to be critically evaluated in the next coming years. New directions are also expected to lead to a larger spectrum of treatment options tailored to the individual patient. This review offers insights into emerging concepts and future directions proposed for further CIE research in dogs for the next decade to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Albert E. Jergens
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, SN, Germany
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Physicochemical Study of Albumin Nanoparticles with Chlorambucil. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, nanotechnology is considered a promising strategy to enhance drug solubility and other physicochemical properties. Albumin is a biopolymer that can be used in drug delivery systems due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize albumin nanoparticles with chlorambucil as a controlled drug delivery system. Different concentrations of chlorambucil were incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in order to prepare nanoparticles using the desolvation method. As a result, nanoparticles in sizes ranging from 199.6 to 382.6 nm exhibiting high encapsulation efficiency of chlorambucil were obtained. A spectroscopic study revealed concentration-dependent changes in secondary structure of the albumin chain and in the hydrophobicity of chlorambucil. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the investigated structures may be used in the development of a drug delivery system.
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deLaforcade A, Bacek L, Blais M, Boyd C, Brainard BM, Chan DL, Cortellini S, Goggs R, Hoareau GL, Koenigshof A, Li R, Lynch A, Ralph A, Rozanski E, Sharp CR. 2022 Update of the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) Domain 1- Defining populations at risk. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2022; 32:289-314. [PMID: 35499966 PMCID: PMC9322658 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To expand the number of conditions and interventions explored for their associations with thrombosis in the veterinary literature and to provide the basis for prescribing recommendations. DESIGN A population exposure comparison outcome format was used to represent patient, exposure, comparison, and outcome. Population Exposure Comparison Outcome questions were distributed to worksheet authors who performed comprehensive searches, summarized the evidence, and created guideline recommendations that were reviewed by domain chairs. The revised guidelines then underwent the Delphi survey process to reach consensus on the final guidelines. Diseases evaluated in this iteration included heartworm disease (dogs and cats), immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (cats), protein-losing nephropathy (cats), protein-losing enteropathy (dogs and cats), sepsis (cats), hyperadrenocorticism (cats), liver disease (dogs), congenital portosystemic shunts (dogs and cats) and the following interventions: IV catheters (dogs and cats), arterial catheters (dogs and cats), vascular access ports (dogs and cats), extracorporeal circuits (dogs and cats) and transvenous pacemakers (dogs and cats). RESULTS Of the diseases evaluated in this iteration, a high risk for thrombosis was defined as heartworm disease or protein-losing enteropathy. Low risk for thrombosis was defined as dogs with liver disease, cats with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, protein-losing nephropathy, sepsis, or hyperadrenocorticism. CONCLUSIONS Associations with thrombosis are outlined for various conditions and interventions and provide the basis for management recommendations. Numerous knowledge gaps were identified that represent opportunities for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle deLaforcade
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary MedicineTufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lenore Bacek
- Bluepearl Specialty and Emergency Pet HospitalTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Marie‐Claude Blais
- Department of Clinical SciencesUniversity of MontrealSaint‐HyacintheQCCanada
| | - Corrin Boyd
- School of Veterinary MedicineMurdoch UniversityMurdochAustralia
| | - Benjamin M Brainard
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Clinical SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Daniel L. Chan
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Stefano Cortellini
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical SciencesCornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Amy Koenigshof
- Department of Emergency CareTwo by Two Animal HospitalBerrien SpringsMichiganUSA
| | - Ron Li
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological SciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alex Lynch
- Department of Clinical SciencesNC State College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Elizabeth Rozanski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary MedicineTufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Claire R Sharp
- School of Veterinary MedicineMurdoch UniversityMurdochAustralia
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7
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Glucocorticoids, Cyclosporine, Azathioprine, Chlorambucil, and Mycophenolate in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:797-817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Walker J, McMahon L. Investigating and treating chronic diarrhoea in dogs. Part 2: specific disorders of the small and large intestines. IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/inpr.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nagahara T, Ohno K, Nagao I, Nakagawa T, Yokoyama N, Ohmi A, Goto-Koshino Y, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Tomiyasu H, Tsujimoto H. Changes in the coagulation parameters in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy between before and after treatment. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1295-1302. [PMID: 34176824 PMCID: PMC8437731 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is known to induce hypercoagulability and resultant
thromboembolism in dogs. We hypothesized that hypercoagulability would improve if
remission was obtained in dogs with PLE after treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the
changes in the coagulation parameters after treatment in dogs diagnosed with PLE. As
coagulation parameters, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time
(aPTT), fibrinogen, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), D-dimer, and antithrombin (AT)
were measured. In addition to these parameters, rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM),
which evaluates the comprehensive coagulation and fibrinolysis reactions of whole blood,
was conducted and the data of clotting time (CT), clot formation time (CFT), α angle (α),
maximum clot firmness (MCF) and lysis index at 60 min (LI60) were obtained. Eleven of the
14 dogs diagnosed with PLE were classified as responders to the treatment based on the
changes in their plasma albumin (ALB) concentration after treatment. Significant increase
in CFT and decrease of α and MCF indicating the resolution of hypercoagulability were
found after treatment in responder dogs; however, there was no significant change in the
coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters other than those measured by ROTEM. This study
demonstrated that the hypercoagulability detected by ROTEM was significantly improved
after treatment in dogs with PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Nagahara
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Itsuma Nagao
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakagawa
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Aki Ohmi
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Economu L, Chang YM, Priestnall SL, Kathrani A. The effect of assisted enteral feeding on treatment outcome in dogs with inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1297-1305. [PMID: 33931908 PMCID: PMC8163126 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of assisted enteral feeding on treatment outcome in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine if dogs with inflammatory PLE that had an enteral feeding tube placed had better outcome vs dogs with inflammatory PLE without a feeding tube. ANIMALS Fifty-seven dogs with inflammatory PLE. METHODS A retrospective study at a UK referral hospital identified dogs with inflammatory PLE using a standard diagnostic criterion. Positive outcome was defined as survival greater than 6 months or death unrelated to PLE and negative outcome as death related to PLE within 6 months of diagnosis. Several variables were assessed to identify factors for positive outcome using logistic regression. RESULTS Thirty-five (61%) and 22 (39%) dogs had a positive and negative outcome at 6 months, respectively. Of the 21 dogs that had a feeding tube placed within 5 days of gastrointestinal biopsy, 16 (76%) had a positive outcome and 5 (24%) had a negative outcome. Dogs treated with dietary treatment alone (P = .002) and dogs with an enteral feeding tube (P = .006) were significantly associated with a positive outcome. When stratified by treatment, assisted enteral feeding was significantly associated with a positive outcome in dogs treated with concurrent immunosuppressive treatment (P = .006), but there was insufficient data to evaluate dogs treated with dietary treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Assisted enteral feeding in dogs with inflammatory PLE could be associated with improved treatment outcome, especially in those receiving immunosuppressive treatment, and should be considered in the treatment plan of these dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Aarti Kathrani
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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Treese JS, Nolte I, Bach JP. Chronic enteropathy in dogs - retrospective case analysis and results of an owner survey. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:94-103. [PMID: 33902118 DOI: 10.1055/a-1354-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic gastrointestinal diseases in dogs are common and often require intensive diagnostic work-up and lifelong therapy. In this study, a survey of owners of affected dogs was conducted in parallel with a retrospective case analysis from the clinic's documentation system. MATERIAL AND METHODS The records of dogs with gastrointestinal symptomatology and exclusion of an extraintestinal cause, presented from January 2011 to October 2018, were acquired from the clinic's case system and analysed. Patient owners were interviewed using a questionnaire regarding diagnosis, treatment, course of the disease and improvement in the dog's quality of life as a result of treatment. To gain a better understanding of influencing factors for the different subtypes of chronic enteropathy, differentiation was made into feed-responsive (FRE), antibiotic-responsive (ARE), immunosuppressant-responsive (IRE), and nonresponsive enteropathy (NRE) according to the success of different therapeutic approaches. RESULTS Of 125 patient owners contacted, 81 participated in the study. The majority of the 81 dogs had FRE (45; 55.6 %), 11 (13.6 %) dogs had ARE, 23 (28.4 %) had IRE and 2 (2.5 %) had NRE. At the disease onset, dogs in the FRE and ARE groups were significantly younger than those in the IRE group. Interviews with dog owners showed that veterinary recommendations had not been consistently implemented, particularly in dogs in the FRE group. Successful treatment resulted in significant improvement in the quality of life in patients in all 3 groups according to owner assessment, with no differences between the groups. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The majority of the contacted dog owners agreed to participate in the survey. A retrospective case analysis in combination with an owner survey is helpful to elicit the owners' assessment of their dog's treatment and disease course and to reveal starting points for improved owner compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Treese
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary University Hannover, Foundation
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary University Hannover, Foundation
| | - Jan-Peter Bach
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary University Hannover, Foundation
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12
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Ohta H, Nagata N, Yokoyama N, Osuga T, Sasaki N, Morishita K, Takiguchi M. Prognostic value of small intestinal dilatation in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:378-384. [PMID: 33431757 PMCID: PMC8025421 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, little is known about the prognostic significance of ultrasonographic findings in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). The aim of this
retrospective study was to examine the prognostic value of ultrasonographic findings in dogs with PLE. A total of 26 dogs with PLE were included: 20 dogs with
chronic enteropathy and 6 dogs with gastrointestinal lymphoma. The presence of small intestinal dilatation was associated with shorter survival time in dogs
with PLE (P=0.003). The presence of hyperechoic intestinal mucosal striations was associated with longer survival time in dogs with PLE
(P=0.0085). The results of the current study indicate that the presence of small intestinal dilatation might be associated with poor
prognosis in dogs with PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Present address: Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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13
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Allenspach K, Iennarella-Servantez C. Canine Protein Losing Enteropathies and Systemic Complications. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2020; 51:111-122. [PMID: 33131913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Canine protein-losing enteropathies occur commonly in small animal practice, and their management is often challenging with a long-term survival rate of only about 50%. Recent studies have investigated prognostic factors that may determine outcome in individual cases. In particular, systemic complications such as hypercoagulability, vitamin D3 deficiency, and tryptophan deficiency may play an important role and should be investigated in severely affected cases in order to maximize outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Allenspach
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1809 South Riverside Drive, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Chelsea Iennarella-Servantez
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1809 South Riverside Drive, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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Nagata N, Ohta H, Yokoyama N, Teoh YB, Nisa K, Sasaki N, Osuga T, Morishita K, Takiguchi M. Clinical characteristics of dogs with food-responsive protein-losing enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:659-668. [PMID: 32060974 PMCID: PMC7096654 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In dogs with protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE), data on the clinical characteristics of food‐responsive PLE (FR‐PLE) remain scarce. Objective To determine the clinical characteristics of FR‐PLE in dogs responsive to ultralow‐fat diet (ULFD) management. Animals Thirty‐three dogs diagnosed with PLE based on standard diagnostic criteria. Methods Retrospective review of medical records. Clinical findings were compared between dogs with FR‐PLE (FR‐PLE group) and those with immunosuppressant‐responsive PLE (IR‐PLE) or nonresponsive PLE (NR‐PLE) (IR/NR‐PLE group). The area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the ability of factors to differentiate the FR‐PLE and IR/NR‐PLE groups. Survival time was compared between the FR‐PLE and IR/NR‐PLE groups. Results Twenty‐three dogs responded to ULFD management and were diagnosed with FR‐PLE. The canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) was significantly lower in the FR‐PLE group than in the IR/NR‐PLE group (P < .001). The AUC of CCECAI for differentiating the FR‐PLE group was 0.935 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.845‐1.000) with an optimal cutoff value of 8 (sensitivity, 0.826; specificity, 0.889). Survival times were significantly longer in the FR‐PLE group (median, not reached) than in the IR/NR‐PLE group (median, 432 days; P < .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dogs that respond to ULFD management and are diagnosed with FR‐PLE are expected to have a favorable prognosis. Clinical scores, specifically the CCECAI, could be useful for differentiating FR‐PLE from IR‐PLE or NR‐PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Nagata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yong Bin Teoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Khoirun Nisa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Seim-Wikse T, Skancke E, Nødtvedt A, Jörundsson E, Grotmol T, Kristensen AT, Bjørnvad CR. Comparison of body condition score and other minimally invasive biomarkers between dogs with gastric carcinoma and dogs with chronic gastritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 254:226-235. [PMID: 30605380 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.2.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify minimally invasive biomarkers to help differentiate dogs with gastric carcinoma from those with chronic gastritis. DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS 15 dogs with gastric carcinoma, 29 dogs with chronic gastritis, and 7 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES Dogs with clinical signs of upper gastrointestinal tract disease for > 14 days that underwent gastroscopy or necropsy for collection of gastric biopsy specimens for histologic evaluation were prospectively enrolled. Gastric carcinoma and chronic gastritis were diagnosed on the basis of histologic findings. Additionally, gastric biopsy specimens were collected endoscopically from 7 healthy (control) dogs while they were anesthetized for a routine neutering procedure. Prior to being anesthetized for gastroscopy or euthanized, all dogs underwent a physical examination, and a blood sample was collected for quantification of select serum biomarker concentrations. Histologic findings, body condition score (BCS), and serum biomarker concentrations were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS Dogs with gastric carcinoma were significantly older and had a significantly lower BCS, lower serum folate concentration, and greater serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, compared with dogs with chronic gastritis and control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that age > 8 years, BCS < 4, serum CRP concentration > 25 mg/L, and an abnormally low serum folate concentration might be useful noninvasive biomarkers for identification of dogs with gastric carcinoma. For underweight older dogs with signs of upper gastrointestinal tract disease and high serum CRP and low serum folate concentrations, gastric biopsy specimens should be obtained and evaluated so that a prompt definitive diagnosis can be made and appropriate treatment initiated.
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16
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Salavati Schmitz S, Gow A, Bommer N, Morrison L, Mellanby R. Diagnostic features, treatment, and outcome of dogs with inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2005-2013. [PMID: 31381203 PMCID: PMC6766500 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) because of chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) in dogs is often treated with a combination of glucocorticoids and second‐line immunosuppressant (SLI). This combined approach might not be necessary in all dogs. Hypothesis/objectives To describe diagnostic features and outcomes of dogs with PLE treated with glucocorticoids alone (group P) or with glucocorticoids and SLI (group S). Animals Thirty‐one dogs with PLE. Material and methods Retrospective analysis of signalment data from diagnostic procedures, treatment, and outcome of dogs with CIE/PLE (from 2015 to 2017), using the hospital's digital case database. Dogs with hypoalbuminemia and CIE were included. Because of a stepwise treatment algorithm, dogs were allocated to group P or S. Time to serum albumin concentrations ≥20 g/L and survival data were collected. Dogs were additionally categorized by their albumin and cobalamin serum concentrations. Multivariate and univariate analysis as well as Pearson's correlation and Kaplan‐Maier survival analysis were performed. Results Seventeen dogs were included in group P and 14 in group S. World Small Animal Veterinary Association score of the duodenum was different between groups (P = .05), but none of the other examined data. Median time until serum albumin reached >20 g/L was 13 days. Median survival time after start of treatment was 85 days (range, 13‐463 days) in group P and 166 days (range, 8‐390 days) in group S. Conclusion and Clinical Importance No routine diagnostic test was predictive of clinical response, treatment group, or outcome. Glucocorticoid treatment alone can be appropriate in dogs with PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Salavati Schmitz
- University of Edinburgh, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Gow
- University of Edinburgh, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Bommer
- University of Edinburgh, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Morrison
- University of Edinburgh, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Pathology, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mellanby
- University of Edinburgh, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Craven MD, Washabau RJ. Comparative pathophysiology and management of protein-losing enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:383-402. [PMID: 30762910 PMCID: PMC6430879 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein‐losing enteropathy, or PLE, is not a disease but a syndrome that develops in numerous disease states of differing etiologies and often involving the lymphatic system, such as lymphangiectasia and lymphangitis in dogs. The pathophysiology of lymphatic disease is incompletely understood, and the disease is challenging to manage. Understanding of PLE mechanisms requires knowledge of lymphatic system structure and function, which are reviewed here. The mechanisms of enteric protein loss in PLE are identical in dogs and people, irrespective of the underlying cause. In people, PLE is usually associated with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, suspected to arise from genetic susceptibility, or “idiopathic” lymphatic vascular obstruction. In dogs, PLE is most often a feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and less frequently intestinal lymphangiectasia, although it is not proven which process is the true driving defect. In cats, PLE is relatively rare. Review of the veterinary literature (1977‐2018) reveals that PLE was life‐ending in 54.2% of dogs compared to published disease‐associated deaths in IBD of <20%, implying that PLE is not merely a continuum of IBD spectrum pathophysiology. In people, diet is the cornerstone of management, whereas dogs are often treated with immunosuppression for causes of PLE including lymphangiectasia, lymphangitis, and crypt disease. Currently, however, there is no scientific, extrapolated, or evidence‐based support for an autoimmune or immune‐mediated mechanism. Moreover, people with PLE have disease‐associated loss of immune function, including lymphopenia, severe CD4+ T‐cell depletion, and negative vaccinal titers. Comparison of PLE in people and dogs is undertaken here, and theories in treatment of PLE are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Craven
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Robert J Washabau
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
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Makielski K, Cullen J, O'Connor A, Jergens AE. Narrative review of therapies for chronic enteropathies in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:11-22. [PMID: 30523666 PMCID: PMC6335544 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal medical treatment for chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs and cats is controversial. Sequential treatment using diet, antimicrobials, and immunosuppressive drugs is the most common strategy used by clinicians. OBJECTIVES To review the evidence for the effectiveness of dietary, drug, and alternative health interventions for inducing clinical remission in dogs and cats with CE. ANIMALS Retrospective study of dogs and cats with a diagnosis of chronic enteropathy. METHODS MEDLINE and Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI) databases (1950 to March 2017) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and case series. The primary outcome was induction of clinical remission. All studies were evaluated using the quality of evidence grading guidelines (I-IV), which assign a score defining the strength and quality of the evidence. RESULTS Twenty-two studies (11 RCTs in dogs and 2 in cats and 9 cohort studies or case series) met the inclusion criteria for inducing remission of gastrointestinal (GI) signs. Of the 13 RCTs achieving grade I scores, 10 studies (totaling 218 dogs and 65 cats) compared single treatment: diet (n = 3), immunosuppressives (n = 3), antimicrobials (n = 2), anti-inflammatory drugs (n = 1), and probiotics (n = 1). Three case series (grade III) reported clinical remission using an elimination diet fed to 55 cats and use of enrofloxacin to induce remission in dogs with granulomatous colitis (2 studies totaling 16 dogs). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The current evidence for treatment of CE is much greater in dogs than in cats. There is sufficient strong evidence to recommend the use of therapeutic GI diets, glucocorticoids, enrofloxacin, or some combination of these in dogs with CE. Therapeutic GI diets and glucocorticoids are most useful in cats with CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Makielski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa
| | - Jonah Cullen
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa
| | - Annette O'Connor
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa
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Murakami A, Shibahashi A, Iwasaki R, Kawabe M, Murakami M, Sakai H, Mori T. Combination Chlorambucil/Firocoxib or Chlorambucil/Prednisolone Treatment for Inflammatory Colorectal Polyps in Miniature Dachshunds. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018; 54:161-166. [PMID: 29558217 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRP), which are more commonly recognized in miniature dachshunds, are thought to represent an immune-mediated disease. This retrospective case series describes six miniature dachshunds with refractory ICRP, who were treated with chlorambucil (CLB) combined with firocoxib or prednisolone. Improvement in clinical manifestations was seen in five of the six dogs by the end of the study period; four were treated with CLB/firocoxib and one with CLB/prednisolone. One dog had nonregenerative anemia after 23 mo of treatment with CLB, but whether there was a causative relationship was unclear. No severe adverse events were observed during treatment in the remaining five dogs. CLB in combination with firocoxib or prednisolone appears to be an effective alternative treatment for ICRP in dogs. Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness and long-term complications of CLB treatment for ICRP in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayami Shibahashi
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryota Iwasaki
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mifumi Kawabe
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mami Murakami
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology (A.M., A.S., R.I., M.K., M.M., T.M.) and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (H.S.), Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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20
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Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii
in dogs with chronic enteropathies: double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Vet Rec 2018; 182:258. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Lane J, Price J, Moore A, Dandrieux JRS, Clifford C, Curran K, Choy K, Cannon C. Low-grade gastrointestinal lymphoma in dogs: 20 cases (2010 to 2016). J Small Anim Pract 2017; 59:147-153. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lane
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center; Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - J. Price
- Office of Information and Technology, University of Tennessee; Knoville TN 37996, USA
| | - A. Moore
- Veterinary Oncology Consultants; Lake Innes NSW 2446 Australia
| | - J. R. S. Dandrieux
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee; VIC 3010 Australia
| | - C. Clifford
- Hope Veterinary Specialists; Malvern PA 19355 USA
| | - K. Curran
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Oregon State University; Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - K. Choy
- Seattle Veterinary Specialists; Kirkland WA 98034 USA
| | - C. Cannon
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department; University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine; St. Paul MN 55108 USA
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Rudinsky AJ, Howard JP, Bishop MA, Sherding RG, Parker VJ, Gilor C. Dietary management of presumptive protein-losing enteropathy in Yorkshire terriers. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:103-108. [PMID: 28160309 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical outcome of dietary management of Yorkshire terriers with protein-losing enteropathy without immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory medications. METHODS Records were searched for Yorkshire terriers with hypoalbuminaemia and a clinical diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy that were managed with diet and without immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory medications. Serum albumin changes were compared using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index scores were compared using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Eleven cases were identified. Clinical signs were variable including: diarrhoea, respiratory signs, vomiting, lethargy and weight loss. Diets fed included home cooked (n=5); Royal Canin Gastrointestinal Low Fat (n=4); Hill's Prescription Diet i/d Low Fat (n=1); or Purina HA Hypoallergenic (n=1). Clinical signs resolved completely in eight dogs, partially resolved in two dogs and failed to respond in one dog. In dogs that responded, albumin significantly improved from baseline (mean 14·9 g/L, sd ±3·7), at 2 to 4 weeks (mean 24·2 g/L, sd ±5·5, P=0·01), and at 3 to 4 months (mean 27·0 g/dL, sd ±5·9, P=0·01). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that dietary management of protein-losing enteropathy is a potential management strategy in Yorkshire terriers. Randomised clinical trials in Yorkshire terriers with protein-losing enteropathy are necessary to compare success rate, survival and quality of life with dietary management versus combined dietary and immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Rudinsky
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - J P Howard
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M A Bishop
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - R G Sherding
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - V J Parker
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C Gilor
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Allenspach K, Rizzo J, Jergens AE, Chang YM. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with negative outcome in dogs with protein losing enteropathy: a retrospective study of 43 cases. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:96. [PMID: 28390394 PMCID: PMC5385077 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypovitaminosis D has previously been shown to be prevalent amongst dogs with protein losing enteropathy (PLE). The hypothesis of this study was that Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) serum concentrations could be a risk factor for negative outcome in dogs with PLE. Forty-three dogs diagnosed with PLE (2005–2014) and which serum Vitamin D serum concentrations were collected and archived at −80 Degrees C were analyzed. Post-diagnostic communication with referring veterinarians was made to determine outcome of PLE dogss: Dogs which died due to PLE within 4 months after diagnosis (negative outcome group, n = 22) and dogs alive or which died due to another disease at the end point of the study (1 year after diagnosis, good outcome group, n = 21). Serum samples taken at the time of diagnosis were analysed for ionized calcium (iCa) concentrations and serum 25(OH) D concentration. Results Clinical (CCECAI) scores, age at PLE diagnosis, and iCa concentrations were not significantly different between dog groups. A significantly greater (p < 0.001) number of PLE dogs treated with hydrolyzed or elimination diet alone showed good outcome as compared to the PLE negative outcome group. Median serum 25(OH) D concentration was significantly (p = 0.017) lower in dogs with negative outcome versus PLE dogs with good outcome. Using logistic regression analysis, 25(OH) D serum concentration was shown to be a statistically significant factor for outcome determination. Cox regression analysis yielded a hazard ratio of 0.974 (95% CI 0.949, 0.999) per each one nmol/l increase in serum 25(OH) D concentration. Conclusions Low serum 25(OH) D concentration in PLE dogs was significantly associated with poor outcome. Further studies are required to investigate the clinical efficacy of Vitamin D (cholecalciferol) as a potential therapeutic agent for dogs with PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Allenspach
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - J Rizzo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - A E Jergens
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Y M Chang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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24
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Dandrieux JRS. Inflammatory bowel disease versus
chronic enteropathy in dogs: are they one and the same? J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:589-599. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. R. S. Dandrieux
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Study (TRACTS) Group; The University of Melbourne; Werribee 3030 Victoria Australia
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25
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Prognostic factors in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy. Vet J 2015; 205:28-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Okanishi H, Yoshioka R, Kagawa Y, Watari T. The clinical efficacy of dietary fat restriction in treatment of dogs with intestinal lymphangiectasia. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:809-17. [PMID: 24673630 PMCID: PMC4238835 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL), a type of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), is a dilatation of lymphatic vessels within the gastrointestinal tract. Dietary fat restriction previously has been proposed as an effective treatment for dogs with PLE, but limited objective clinical data are available on the efficacy of this treatment. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical efficacy of dietary fat restriction in dogs with IL that were unresponsive to prednisolone treatment or showed relapse of clinical signs and hypoalbuminemia when the prednisolone dosage was decreased. ANIMALS Twenty-four dogs with IL. METHODS Retrospective study. Body weight, clinical activity score, and hematologic and biochemical variables were compared before and 1 and 2 months after treatment. Furthermore, the data were compared between the group fed only an ultra low-fat (ULF) diet and the group fed ULF and a low-fat (LF) diet. RESULTS Nineteen of 24 (79%) dogs responded satisfactorily to dietary fat restriction, and the prednisolone dosage could be decreased. Clinical activity score was significantly decreased after dietary treatment compared with before treatment. In addition, albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration were significantly increased after dietary fat restriction. At 2 months posttreatment, the ALB concentrations in the ULF group were significantly higher than that of the ULF + LF group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Dietary fat restriction appears to be an effective treatment in dogs with IL that are unresponsive to prednisolone treatment or that have recurrent clinical signs and hypoalbuminemia when the dosage of prednisolone is decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Okanishi
- Laboratory of Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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