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Staniszewski M, Tkaczyk J, Kęska A, Zybko P, Mróz A. Effect of rest duration between sets on fatigue and recovery after short intense plyometric exercise. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15080. [PMID: 38956280 PMCID: PMC11219752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Plyometric training is characterized by high-intensity exercise which is performed in short term efforts divided into sets. The purpose of the present study was twofold: first, to investigate the effects of three distinct plyometric exercise protocols, each with varying work-to-rest ratios, on muscle fatigue and recovery using an incline-plane training machine; and second, to assess the relationship between changes in lower limb muscle strength and power and the biochemical response to the three exercise variants employed. Forty-five adult males were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 15) performing an exercise of 60 rebounds on an incline-plane training machine. The G0 group performed continuous exercise, while the G45 and G90 groups completed 4 sets of 15 repetitions, each set lasting 45 s with 45 s rest in G45 (work-to-rest ratio of 1:1) and 90 s rest in G90 (1:2 ratio). Changes in muscle torques of knee extensors and flexors, as well as blood lactate (LA) and ammonia levels, were assessed before and every 5 min for 30 min after completing the workout. The results showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) average power across all jumps generated during intermittent compared to continuous exercise. The greatest decrease in knee extensor strength immediately post-exercise was recorded in group G0 and the least in G90. The post-exercise time course of LA changes followed a similar pattern in all groups, while the longer the interval between sets, the faster LA returned to baseline. Intermittent exercise had a more favourable effect on muscle energy metabolism and recovery than continuous exercise, and the work-to-rest ratio of 1:2 in plyometric exercises was sufficient rest time to allow the continuation of exercise in subsequent sets at similar intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Staniszewski
- Department of Water and Winter Sports, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Tkaczyk
- Department of Human Biology, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kęska
- Department of Human Biology, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Zybko
- Department of Water and Winter Sports, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Mróz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Teles GDO, Gentil P, Silva LRBE, Sousa WDM, Seguro CS, Rebelo ACS. HIIE Protocols Promote Better Acute Effects on Blood Glucose and Pressure Control in People with Type 2 Diabetes than Continuous Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052601. [PMID: 35270295 PMCID: PMC8909767 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the acute effects of a session of different high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocols and a session of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on blood glucose, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2). The trial included 44 participants (age: 55.91 ± 1.25 years; BMI: 28.95 ± 0.67 kg/m2; Hb1Ac: 9.1 ± 2.3%; 76 mmol/mol) randomized into three exercise protocols based on the velocity at which maximum oxygen consumption was obtained (vVO2 max): long HIIE (2 min at 100% vV̇o2peak + 2 min of passive rest); short HIIE (30 s at 100% vV̇o2peak + 30 s of passive rest); or MICE (14 min at 70% vV̇o2peak) on a treadmill. Capillary blood glucose, BP, and HR measurements were taken at rest, during peak exercise, immediately after the end of exercise, and 10 min after exercise. Long and short HIIE protocols reduced capillary blood glucose by 32.14 mg/dL and 31.40 mg/dL, respectively, and reduced systolic BP by 12.43 mmHg and 8.73 mmHg, respectively. No significant changes were observed for MICE. HIIE was found to promote more acute effects than MICE on glycemia and BP in people with DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Oliveira Teles
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goias, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (G.d.O.T.); (P.G.)
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goias, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (G.d.O.T.); (P.G.)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Cristina Silva Rebelo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil;
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Vlahoyiannis A, Aphamis G, Eddin DA, Giannaki CD. The effect of evening cycling at different intensities on sleep in healthy young adults with intermediate chronobiological phenotype: A randomized, cross-over trial. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:192-199. [PMID: 32844703 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1812194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of various cycling intensities on sleep-related parameters in healthy young adults with intermediate chronobiological phenotype. Ten recreationally trained male volunteers underwent an evening i) moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 45 min at 70% Wmax), ii) high-intensity interval training (HIIT; 10 × 1 min at 90% Wmax), iii) sprint interval training (SIT; 6 × 20 sec at 140% Wmax) or iv) a non-exercise (CON) trial in randomized, counter-balanced and crossover order. At baseline, somatometric data, maximum oxygen uptake and chronotype were evaluated. Sleep-related indices and daily activity were recorded by a multi-sensor activity monitor. Total sleep time was longer after SIT compared to CON and MICT (p < 0.05). Sleep efficiency was higher in SIT than in CON (p < 0.05). Sleep onset latency did not differ among trials. Wake after sleep onset was decreased after SIT compared to CON (p= 0.049). No differences were found for bedtime among trials. Wake time was earlier in the MICT trial compared to CON (p = 0.026). Evening cycling exercise -independently of intensity- did not impair sleep of individuals with intermediate chronobiological phenotype. Furthermore, a single SIT session improved sleep quantity and continuation of individuals with this specific chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Aphamis
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia , Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Daniel Ala Eddin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia , Nicosia, Cyprus
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Marques M, Alves E, Henrique N, Franchini E. Positive Affective and Enjoyment Responses to Four High-Intensity Interval Exercise Protocols. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 127:742-765. [PMID: 32323607 DOI: 10.1177/0031512520918748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several variables can be manipulated to compose high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocols, and these different combinations may evoke different psychological responses (affect, enjoyment, mood, and perceived exertion). This study investigated psychological responses during four HIIE protocols. Following anthropometric measurements and two maximal exercise tests, 23 physically inactive adults (11 males [Mage = 25.6, SD = 4.8 years; Mbody mass = 68.5, SD = 12.2 kg; Mheight = 1.72, SD = 0.08 m] and 12 females [Mage = 25.0, SD = 3.5 years; Mbody mass = 57.2, SD = 8.7 kg; Mheight = 1.59, SD = 0.06 m]) performed four different types of HIIE on different days: (a) Long-interval HIIE (HIIEL-10 × 60 seconds:60 seconds), (b) Short-interval HIIE (HIIES-2 blocks of 10 × 30 seconds:30 seconds with 120 seconds between blocks), (c) Repeated Sprint Training (19 × 6 seconds all out:40 seconds), and (d) Sprint Interval Training (4 × 30 seconds all-out efforts: 240 seconds). We used a final session to assess participants' HIIE preference. We recorded participant reports of affect, mood, and perceived exertion throughout protocols, and we recorded enjoyment after exercise session. Perceived exertion significantly increased across all HIIE protocols (p < .001), with higher values in the first quartile during Sprint Interval Training versus HIIEL (p = .033). Affective response presented higher values pre-exercise and at the first quartile compared with all other moments (p < .001). Tension (p < .001) and depression (p = .013) decreased from pre- to post-exercise in all experimental conditions. At pre-exercise, female participants were tenser than males (p = .018), though males presented higher pre-exercise vigor scores than females (p = .023). Vigor increased over time for females (p = .022). Enjoyment did not vary between sexes or protocols. Participants expressed a higher preference for Repeated Sprint Training. HIIE protocols promoted positive psychological responses for physically inactive young adults, and exercise designs may modulate psychological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Marques
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
| | - Elaine Alves
- Department of Human Movement Pedagogy, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
| | - Nayana Henrique
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
| | - Emerson Franchini
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
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Alicea SK, Parrott AD, Manos TM, Kwon YS. Comparison of the Affective Responses to Continuous Training and High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 35:3069-3075. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kellogg E, Cantacessi C, McNamer O, Holmes H, von Bargen R, Ramirez R, Gallagher D, Vargas S, Santia B, Rodriguez K, Astorino TA. Comparison of Psychological and Physiological Responses to Imposed vs. Self-selected High-Intensity Interval Training. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2945-2952. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Silva LRB, Gentil PRV, Beltrame T, Basso Filho MA, Alves FM, Silva MS, Pedrino GR, Ramirez-Campillo R, Coswig V, Rebelo ACS. Exponential model for analysis of heart rate responses and autonomic cardiac modulation during different intensities of physical exercise. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190639. [PMID: 31824695 PMCID: PMC6837225 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the heart rate (HR) dynamics and variability before and after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) protocols with workloads based on treadmill workload at which maximal oxygen uptake was achieved ( WL V ˙ O 2 max ) . Ten participants performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to obtain oxygen uptake ( WL V ˙ O 2 max ) . All training protocols were performed on a treadmill, with 0% grade, and had similar total distance. The MICT was composed by 21 min at 70% of WL V ˙ O 2 max . The first HIIT protocol (HIIT-30 : 30) was composed by 29 repetitions of 30 s at 100% of s V ˙ O 2 max and the second HIIT protocol (HIIT-4 : 3) was composed by three repetitions of 4 min at 90% of WL V ˙ O 2 max . Before, during and after each training protocol, HR dynamics and variability (HRV) were analysed by standard kinetics and linear (time and frequency domains). The repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that the HR dynamics, which characterizes the speed of HR during the rest to exercise transition, was statistically (p < 0.05) slower during MICT in comparison to both HIIT protocols. The HRV analysis, which characterizes the cardiac autonomic modulation during the exercise recovery, was statistically higher in HIIT-4 : 3 in comparison to MICT and HIIT-30 : 30 protocols (p < 0.005 and p = 0.012, respectively), suggesting that the HIIT-4 : 3 induced higher sympathetic and lower parasympathetic modulation during exercise in comparison to the other training protocols. In conclusion, HIIT-4 : 3 demonstrated post-exercise sympathetic hyperactivity and a higher HRpeak, while the HIIT-30 : 30 and MICT resulted in better HRV and HR in the exercise-recovery transition. The cardiac autonomic balance increased in HIIT-30 : 30 while HIIT-4 : 3 induced sympathetic hyperactivity and cardiac overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Raphael Bento Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty Araguaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Viana Gentil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Thomas Beltrame
- Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Ibirapuera, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Basso Filho
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Social Sciences and Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fagner Medeiros Alves
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Maria Sebastiana Silva
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino
- Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Laboratory of Human Performance, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, GIAP in Quality of Life and Human Well-Being, Department of Physical Activity Science, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Victor Coswig
- College of Physical Education, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Silva Rebelo
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Charlot K, Chapelot D. Comparison of energy-matched high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise sessions on latency to eat, energy intake, and appetite. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:665-673. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval exercises (HIIex) have gained popularity but their effects on eating behavior are poorly known. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the effects of HIIex on the 3 main components of eating behavior (appetite, intake, and latency to eat) differ from those of moderate-intensity continuous exercises (MICex) for the same energy expenditure. Fifteen young normal-weight males completed 3 sessions in a counterbalanced order: HIIex (30-s bouts at 90% of maximal oxygen uptake interceded with 60-s bouts at 35% of maximal oxygen uptake for 20 min), MICex (42% of maximal oxygen uptake for 40 min), and a resting session (REST). Trials were scheduled 80 and 100 min after a standard breakfast for MICex and HIIex, respectively. At 120 min, participants were isolated until they asked for lunch. Appetite was rated on 4 visual analog scales (hunger, desire to eat, fullness, and prospective consumption) every 15 min until meal request. Results showed that the mean latency of requesting lunch was significantly longer after HIIex than after REST (+17.3 ± 4.3 min, P = 0.004), but not after MICex (P = 0.686). Energy intake was not different between conditions, leading to a negative energy balance in the 2 exercise sessions. Thus, the effects of HIIex on eating behavior are likely primarily mediated through the latency of meal initiation. However, inter-individual variability was large and further studies are needed to identify the predictive factors of this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyne Charlot
- Université Paris 13, Laboratoire Réponses Cellulaires et Fonctionnelles à l’Hypoxie, UFR Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Didier Chapelot
- Université Paris 13, Laboratoire Réponses Cellulaires et Fonctionnelles à l’Hypoxie, UFR Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, Université Paris 13, UFR Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France
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Astorino TA, Clark A, De La Rosa A, De Revere JL. Enjoyment and affective responses to two regimes of high intensity interval training in inactive women with obesity. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:1377-1385. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1619840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Clark
- Department of Kinesiology, CSU—San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
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Naves JPA, Rebelo ACS, Silva LRBE, Silva MS, Ramirez-Campillo R, Ramírez-Vélez R, Gentil P. Cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses of two interval training and a continuous training protocol in healthy young men. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 19:653-660. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1548650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucas Raphael Bento E Silva
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Araguaia College, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Laboratory of Human Performance. Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport. GIAP in Quality of Life and Human Well-Being. Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Center of Studies for the Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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da Silva Machado DG, Costa EC, Ray H, Beale L, Chatzisarantis NLD, de Farias-Junior LF, Hardcastle SJ. Short-Term Psychological and Physiological Effects of Varying the Volume of High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Men. Percept Mot Skills 2018; 126:119-142. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512518809734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the short-term effects of varying the volume of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on psychological and physiological responses of 23 healthy adult males ( M = 21 years; M peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak] = 47.2 ml·kg−1·min−1). Participants were randomly assigned to low- and very-low-volume HIIT groups and engaged in nine supervised exercise sessions over three weeks. The low-volume HIIT group performed 8-12 60-second work bouts on a cycle ergometer at the peak power output achieved during the incremental test, interspersed by 75 seconds of low-intensity active recovery. The very-low-volume HIIT performed 4-6 work bouts with the same intensity, duration, and rest intervals. During training, participants’ ratings of perceived exertion (Borg Category Ratio-10 scale) and their affective responses (Feeling Scale −5/+5) during the last 15 seconds of each work bout were recorded. Physiological data were VO2peak, endurance, and anaerobic performance before and after the intervention. Throughout training, participants in the very-low-volume group (relative to the low-volume group) reported lower ratings of perceived exertion in Week 1 ( M = 4.1 vs. M = 6.3; p < .01) and Week 3 ( M = 4.0 vs. M = 6.2; p < .01), and higher affective response in these same two weeks (Week 1: M = 1.9 vs. M = 0.3; p = .04; Week 3: M = 2.1 vs. M = 0.9; p = .06). Regarding physical fitness, Wingate peak power increased significantly after training in the very-low-volume HIIT group ( M = 1,049 W vs. M = 1,222 W; p < .05), but not in the low-volume HIIT group ( M = 1,050 W vs. M = 1,076 W). No significant change was found after training in physiological variables of peak power output, VO2peak, and endurance performance. In summary, in this short-term training period, the very-low-volume HIIT enhanced anaerobic capacity and was perceived as less strenuous and more pleasurable than low-volume HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo C. Costa
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Hannah Ray
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Louisa Beale
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Nikos L. D. Chatzisarantis
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Luiz F de Farias-Junior
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Sarah J. Hardcastle
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Olney N, Wertz T, LaPorta Z, Mora A, Serbas J, Astorino TA. Comparison of Acute Physiological and Psychological Responses Between Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise and Three Regimes of High-Intensity Interval Training. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2130-2138. [PMID: 28737586 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Olney, N, Wertz, T, LaPorta, Z, Mora, A, Serbas, J, and Astorino, TA. Comparison of acute physiological and psychological responses between moderate-intensity continuous exercise and three regimes of high intensity interval training. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2130-2138, 2018-High-intensity interval training (HIIT) elicits similar physiological adaptations as moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) despite less time commitment. However, there is debate whether HIIT is more aversive than MICT. This study compared physiological and perceptual responses between MICT and 3 regimes of HIIT. Nineteen active adults (age = 24.0 ± 3.3 years) unfamiliar with HIIT initially performed ramp exercise to exhaustion to measure maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max) and determine workload for subsequent sessions, whose order was randomized. Sprint interval training (SIT) consisted of six 20-second bouts of "all-out" cycling at 140% of maximum watts (Wmax). Low-volume HIIT (HIITLV) and high-volume HIIT (HIITHV) consisted of eight 60-second bouts at 85% Wmax and six 2-minute bouts at 70% Wmax, respectively. Moderate-intensity continuous training consisted of 25 minutes at 40% Wmax. Across regimes, work was not matched. Heart rate (HR), V[Combining Dot Above]O2, blood lactate concentration (BLa), affect, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed during exercise. Ten minutes postexercise, Physical Activity Enjoyment (PACES) was measured via a survey. Results revealed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) V[Combining Dot Above]O2, HR, BLa, and RPE in SIT, HIITLV, and HIITHV vs. MICT. Despite a decline in affect during exercise (p < 0.01) and significantly lower affect (p ≤ 0.05) during all HIIT regimes vs. MICT at 50, 75, and 100% of session duration, PACES was similar across regimes (p = 0.65), although it was higher in women (p = 0.03). Findings from healthy adults unaccustomed to interval training demonstrate that HIIT and SIT are perceived as enjoyable as MICT despite being more aversive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Olney
- Department of Kinesiology, CSU-San Marcos, San Marcos, California
| | - Timothy Wertz
- Department of Kinesiology, CSU-San Marcos, San Marcos, California
| | - Zachary LaPorta
- Department of Kinesiology, CSU-San Marcos, San Marcos, California
| | - Adam Mora
- Department of Kinesiology, CSU-San Marcos, San Marcos, California
| | - Jasmine Serbas
- Department of Kinesiology, CSU-San Marcos, San Marcos, California.,Department of Physical Therapy, Rocky Mountain University, Provo, Utah
| | - Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, CSU-San Marcos, San Marcos, California
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Astorino TA, Vella CA. Predictors of change in affect in response to high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and sprint interval exercise (SIE). Physiol Behav 2018; 196:211-217. [PMID: 30170171 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Affect is typically positive at intensities below the lactate or ventilatory threshold, yet more aversive responses occur at supra-threshold intensities which may reduce positive perceptions of exercise. Completion of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) typically elicits a reduction in affect, yet greater post-exercise enjoyment has been reported in response to HIIE versus moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE). This study examined affectual responses to HIIE and sprint interval exercise (SIE) in 71 active men and women (age = 24.0 ± 4.8 year). Participants performed various HIIE and SIE regimes on the cycle ergometer during which affect (+5 - -5 scale), rating of perceived exertion (RPE, Borg 1-10 scale), and blood lactate concentration (BLa) were determined. Enjoyment was measured post-exercise using the PACES scale. Predictors of change in these variables in response to exercise were identified using multiple regression. Results showed a significant reduction in affect (p = .001) which was greater (p = .03) with SIE (-5.7 ± 2.7) compared to HIIE (-4.3 ± 2.4). Nevertheless, there was marked variability in the affect response across participants, as its change ranged from -1 to -7 units from pre- to post-exercise in 85% of all sessions. Sixty two percent of the change in affect seen across regimes was explained by baseline affect, BLa, and enjoyment. Significant associations were shown between the change in affect and baseline affect (r = -0.46, p < .001) and change in RPE (r = -0.59, p < .001). In addition, RPE significantly increased in response to HIIE (6.1 ± 1.7) and SIE (6.9 ± 2.0) but was not different (p = .050) between regimes. Our findings document an intensity-dependent relationship between affect and intensity during interval training, as supramaximal intensities elicit a larger decline in affect compared to submaximal intensities. In addition, pre-exercise affect is associated with the magnitude of change in affect reported in response to interval exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA.
| | - Chantal A Vella
- Department of Movement Sciences and WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
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Feasibility, Safety, and Preliminary Effectiveness of a Home-Based Self-Managed High-Intensity Interval Training Program Offered to Long-Term Manual Wheelchair Users. Rehabil Res Pract 2018; 2018:8209360. [PMID: 29888007 PMCID: PMC5985105 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8209360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate and compare the feasibility, safety, and preliminary effectiveness of home-based self-managed manual wheelchair high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) programs. Methods Eleven manual wheelchair users were randomly assigned to the HIIT (n = 6) or the MICT group (n = 5). Both six-week programs consisted of three 40-minute propulsion training sessions per week. The HIIT group alternated between 30 s high-intensity intervals and 60 s low-intensity intervals, whereas the MICT group maintained a constant moderate intensity. Cardiorespiratory fitness, upper limb strength, and shoulder pain were measured before and after the programs. Participants completed a questionnaire on the programs that explored general areas of feasibility. Results The answers to the questionnaire demonstrated that both training programs were feasible in the community. No severe adverse events occurred, although some participants experienced increased shoulder pain during HIIT. Neither program yielded a significant change in cardiorespiratory fitness or upper limb strength. However, both groups reported moderate to significant subjective improvement. Conclusion Home-based wheelchair HIIT appears feasible and safe although potential development of shoulder pain remains a concern and should be addressed with a future preventive shoulder exercise program. Some recommendations have been proposed for a larger study aiming to strengthen evidence regarding the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of HIIT.
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15
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Follador L, Alves RC, Ferreira SDS, Buzzachera CF, Andrade VFDS, Garcia EDSDA, Osiecki R, Barbosa SC, de Oliveira LM, da Silva SG. Physiological, Perceptual, and Affective Responses to Six High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols. Percept Mot Skills 2018; 125:329-350. [PMID: 29368530 DOI: 10.1177/0031512518754584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the extent to which different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) protocols could influence psychophysiological responses in moderately active young men. Fourteen participants completed, in a randomized order, three cycling protocols (SIT: 4 × 30-second all-out sprints; Tabata: 7 × 20 seconds at 170% ⋮O2max; and HIIT: 10 × 60 seconds at 90% HRmax) and three running HIIT protocols (4 × 4 minutes at 90%-95% HRmax, 5 × at v⋮O2max, and 4 × 1,000 meters at a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 8, from the OMNI-Walk/Run scale). Oxygen uptake (⋮O2), heart rate, and RPE were recorded during each interval. Affective responses were assessed before and after each trial. The Tabata protocol elicited the highest ⋮O2 and RPE responses, and the least pleasant session-affect among the cycling trials. The v⋮O2max elicited the highest ⋮O2 and RPE responses and the lowest mean session-affect among the running trials. Findings highlight the limited application of SIT and some HIIT protocols to individuals with low fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Follador
- 1 Department of Physical Education, 28122 Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ragami C Alves
- 1 Department of Physical Education, 28122 Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandro Dos S Ferreira
- 1 Department of Physical Education, 28122 Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cosme F Buzzachera
- 2 Department of Physical Education, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F Dos S Andrade
- 1 Department of Physical Education, 28122 Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erick D S de A Garcia
- 1 Department of Physical Education, 28122 Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raul Osiecki
- 1 Department of Physical Education, 28122 Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sara C Barbosa
- 1 Department of Physical Education, 28122 Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Letícia M de Oliveira
- 1 Department of Physical Education, 28122 Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sergio G da Silva
- 1 Department of Physical Education, 28122 Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Greer BK, Young PR, Thompson B, Rickert BJ, Moran MF. Impact of Direction of Unloading Influence on Template Rate of Perceived Exertion. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 32:3398-3404. [PMID: 28346316 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Greer, BK, Young, PR, Thompson, B, Rickert, BJ, and Moran, MF. Impact of direction of unloading influence on template rate of perceived exertion. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3407-3413, 2018-It is suggested that exercisers engage in a process of teleoanticipation and create an exercise template based on previous experience with the exercise task that guides their perceptions of the amount of effort required for task completion. This study examined how altering workload intensity during a positive-pressure treadmill task may impact Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). In a counterbalanced design, 15 collegiate cross-country runners (7 men and 8 women) performed 2 25-minute runs at a constant velocity, while body mass (BM) was either increased from 60 to 100% (low-to-high progression trial [INC]) or decreased from 100 to 60% (high-to-low progression trial) in 5-minutes increments. Oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2), heart rate (HR), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were collected. RPE was recorded at the end of each stage, and energy expenditure (EE) was calculated with V[Combining Dot Above]O2 and RER data. There were no significant differences between direction of loading conditions for V[Combining Dot Above]O2, EE, HR, and RER (p > 0.05). Between-trial differences in RPE at 100, 90, and 80% BM were statistically significant (p < 0.001), with higher RPEs observed during the INC. Differences in RPE observed between conditions cannot be explained by physiological mechanisms. These findings suggest that RPE is a multifaceted construct that can be impacted by subjectively based anticipatory factors such as exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau Kjerulf Greer
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut
| | - Patrick R Young
- Department of Psychology, Wingate University, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Brooke Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Gardner-Webb University, Boiling Springs, North Carolina
| | - Brendan J Rickert
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut
| | - Matthew F Moran
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut
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Astorino TA, Schubert MM, Palumbo E, Stirling D, McMillan DW, Gallant R, Dewoskin R. Perceptual Changes in Response to Two Regimens of Interval Training in Sedentary Women. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:1067-76. [PMID: 26340468 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined acute and chronic changes in perceptual measures (rating of perceived exertion [RPE], affect, and arousal) in response to 2 regimens of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Twenty-three healthy sedentary women (mean ± SD age and V[Combining Dot Above]O2max = 23.0 ± 5.7 years and 30.1 ± 4.4 ml·kg·min, respectively) were randomized to complete 12 weeks of one of 2 HIIT regimes, whereas an additional 7 women served as sedentary controls. Training was performed 3 days per week on a cycle ergometer and consisted of up to ten 1-minute bouts at moderate (60-80%Wmax = moderate intensity [MOD]) or more intense (80-90%Wmax = HI) workloads separated by active recovery. At baseline and every 3 weeks, RPE, affect, and arousal were measured during training using validated scales. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine acute and chronic changes in these variables to HIIT. Data revealed significant (p < 0.001) increases in RPE and arousal and decreases (p < 0.001) in affect during acute HIIT, with RPE responses differing (p ≤ 0.05) between HI and MOD. However, acute changes in affect and arousal were similar in HI and MOD. Training led to a significant reduction in RPE, whereas both affect and arousal were unchanged (p > 0.05) after HIIT. Completion of moderate or more intense interval training reduces perceptions of RPE during training yet does not alter arousal or affect. RPE was reduced via training, yet large dependence on anaerobic metabolism during HIIT may minimize training-induced changes in affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Astorino
- 1Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, California; 2University of Kansas Medical Center, Lawrence, Kansas; 3Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and 4Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
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18
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Townsend LK, Islam H, Dunn E, Eys M, Robertson-Wilson J, Hazell TJ. Modified sprint interval training protocols. Part II. Psychological responses. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:347-353. [PMID: 28177741 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sprint-interval training (SIT) is a viable method to improve health and fitness. However, researchers have questioned the utility of SIT because of its strenuous nature. The current study aimed to determine if manipulating the sprint and recovery duration, while maintaining the 1:8 work to rest ratio, could uncover a more favourable SIT protocol. Nine healthy active males (age, 23.3 ± 3.0 years; body mass index, 22.4 ± 2.2 kg·m-2; maximal oxygen consumption, 48.9 ± 5.3 mL·kg-1·min-1) participated in 3 experimental running SIT sessions: (i) 30:240 (4 × 30-s efforts, 240-s recovery), (ii) 15:120 (8 × 15-s efforts, 120-s recovery), (iii) 5:40 (24 × 5-s efforts, 40-s recovery), and (iv) a final behavioural choice follow-up session. Affect, intentions, task self-efficacy, enjoyment, and preference were evaluated. Midway through exercise, affect became more positive for 5:40 compared with 30:240 (p < 0.05) and postexercise affect was greater for both 5:40 (p = 0.014) and 15:120 (p = 0.015) compared with 30:240. Participants expressed greater intentions to perform 5:40 3 and 5 times/week compared with 15:120 and 30:240 (p < 0.05). Participants felt more confident in their ability to perform 5:40 (p = 0.001) and 15:120 (p = 0.008) compared with 30:240. The 5:40 session was also rated as more enjoyable than 15:120 (p = 0.025) and 30:240 (p = 0.026). All participants preferred the 5:40 protocol. These data suggest that shorter sprints with more repetitions are perceived as more enjoyable and lead to greater intentions to engage in SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan K Townsend
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Hashim Islam
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Emily Dunn
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Mark Eys
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Jennifer Robertson-Wilson
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
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Potential Universal Application of High-intensity Interval Training from Athletes and Sports Lovers to Patients. Keio J Med 2016; 66:19-24. [PMID: 27498746 DOI: 10.2302/kjm.2016-0006-ir] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has received much attention as a promising exercise option not only to improve aerobic fitness, but also to prevent and improve lifestyle-related diseases. Epidemiological studies have shown that the exercise volume, as determined by the product of exercise intensity, duration, and frequency, has been shown to be important for improvements in muscle mitochondrial activity and subsequent improvements in aerobic fitness, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic variables. Therefore, continuous moderate-intensity training has been widely recommended. On the other hand, the main contributor of HIIT to improvements in aerobic fitness and metabolic variables is its high-intensity nature, and many recent studies have shown results favoring HIIT when compared with conventional continuous training, despite its shorter exercise duration and smaller exercise volume. In this review, we aim to show the possible universal application of HIIT in a hospital setting, where athletes, sports lovers, and patients have sought medical advice and have the opportunity to undergo detailed evaluations, including an exercise stress test. For athletes, HIIT is mandatory to achieve further improvements in aerobic fitness. For patients, though higher levels of motivation and careful evaluation are required, the time constraints of HIIT are smaller and both aerobic and resistance training can be expected to yield favorable results because of the high-intensity nature of HIIT.
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Wood KM, Olive B, LaValle K, Thompson H, Greer K, Astorino TA. Dissimilar Physiological and Perceptual Responses Between Sprint Interval Training and High-Intensity Interval Training. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:244-50. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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