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Kumar M, Kumar S, Kumar R, Jha MK, Tiwari SN, Gupta P. Serious Concern of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in India: A Narrative Review. J Pregnancy 2024; 2024:1758662. [PMID: 38961858 PMCID: PMC11221965 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1758662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a major concern in India and highlights the multifaceted challenges posed by the Zika virus (ZIKV). The alarming increase in CZS cases in India, a condition that has serious effects on both public health and newborns, has raised concerns. This review highlights the importance of raising concern and awareness and taking preventive measures by studying the epidemiology, clinical symptoms, and potential long-term consequences of CZS. The review also contributes to worldwide research and information sharing to improve the understanding and prevention of CZS. As India deals with the changing nature of CZS, this thorough review is an important tool for policymakers, health workers, and researchers to understand what is happening now, plan for what to do in the future, and work together as a team, using medical knowledge, community involvement, and study projects to protect newborns' health and reduce the public health impact of these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Kumar
- State-Viral Research and Diagnositic LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, Jharkhand, India
| | - Suman Kumar
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ratnesh Kumar
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, Jharkhand, India
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shashank Nand Tiwari
- State-Viral Research and Diagnositic LaboratoryDepartment of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of MicrobiologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, Jharkhand, India
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Perera DJ, Koger-Pease C, Paulini K, Daoudi M, Ndao M. Beyond schistosomiasis: unraveling co-infections and altered immunity. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0009823. [PMID: 38319102 PMCID: PMC10938899 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00098-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the helminth Schistosoma spp. and has the second highest global impact of all parasites. Schistosoma are transmitted through contact with contaminated fresh water predominantly in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Due to the widespread prevalence of Schistosoma, co-infection with other infectious agents is common but often poorly described. Herein, we review recent literature describing the impact of Schistosoma co-infection between species and Schistosoma co-infection with blood-borne protozoa, soil-transmitted helminths, various intestinal protozoa, Mycobacterium, Salmonella, various urinary tract infection-causing agents, and viral pathogens. In each case, disease severity and, of particular interest, the immune landscape, are altered as a consequence of co-infection. Understanding the impact of schistosomiasis co-infections will be important when considering treatment strategies and vaccine development moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilhan J. Perera
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cal Koger-Pease
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kayla Paulini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mohamed Daoudi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Momar Ndao
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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Overgaard HJ, Linn NYY, Kyaw AMM, Braack L, Win Tin M, Bastien S, Vande Velde F, Echaubard P, Zaw W, Mukaka M, Maude R. School and community driven dengue vector control and monitoring in Myanmar: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 7:206. [PMID: 38313099 PMCID: PMC10837613 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18027.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is the most common and widespread mosquito-borne arboviral disease globally estimated to cause >390 million infections and >20,000 deaths annually. There are no effective preventive drugs and the newly introduced vaccines are not yet available. Control of dengue transmission still relies primarily on mosquito vector control. Although most vector control methods currently used by national dengue control programs may temporarily reduce mosquito populations, there is little evidence that they affect transmission. There is an urgent need for innovative, participatory, effective, and locally adapted approaches for sustainable vector control and monitoring in which students can be particularly relevant contributors and to demonstrate a clear link between vector reduction and dengue transmission reduction, using tools that are inexpensive and easy to use by local communities in a sustainable manner. Methods Here we describe a cluster randomized controlled trial to be conducted in 46 school catchment areas in two townships in Yangon, Myanmar. The outcome measures are dengue cases confirmed by rapid diagnostic test in the townships, dengue incidence in schools, entomological indices, knowledge, attitudes and practice, behavior, and engagement. Conclusions The trial involves middle school students that positions them to become actors in dengue knowledge transfer to their communities and take a leadership role in the delivery of vector control interventions and monitoring methods. Following this rationale, we believe that students can become change agents of decentralized vector surveillance and sustainable disease control in line with recent new paradigms in integrated and participatory vector surveillance and control. This provides an opportunity to operationalize transdisciplinary research towards sustainable health development. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and political instability in Myanmar the project has been terminated by the donor, but the protocol will be helpful for potential future implementation of the project in Myanmar and/or elsewhere.Registration: This trial was registered in the ISRCTN Registry on 31 May 2022 ( https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN78254298).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Overgaard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, 1432, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, KHON KAEN, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nay Yi Yi Linn
- Central Vector Borne Disease Control Unit, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Aye Mon Mon Kyaw
- Yangon Regional Health Department, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Leo Braack
- Malaria Consortium, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | | | - Sheri Bastien
- Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Fiona Vande Velde
- Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Pierre Echaubard
- School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, London, WC1H 0XG, UK
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Salaya, 73170, Thailand
| | - Win Zaw
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Mavuto Mukaka
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Richard Maude
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LG, UK
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Klafke F, Barros VG, Henning E. Solid waste management and Aedes aegypti infestation interconnections: A regression tree application. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:1684-1696. [PMID: 37013436 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231164318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Public health is at the core of all environmental and anthropic impacts. Urban and territorial planners should include public health concerns in their plans. Basic sanitation infrastructure is essential to maintaining public health and social and economic development. This infrastructure deficiency causes diseases, death and economic losses in developing countries. Framing interconnections among health, sanitation, urbanization and circular economy will assist sustainable development goal achievements. This study aims to identify the relationships between solid waste management indicators in Brazil and the Aedes aegypti mosquito infestation index. Regression trees were employed for modelling due to the complexity and characteristics of the data. The analyses were performed separately from data collected from 3501 municipalities and 42 indicators from the country's five regions. Results show that expenses and personnel indicators were the most critical indicators (in the mid-western, southeastern and southern regions), operational (northeastern (NE) region) and management (northern region). The mean absolute errors ranged from 0.803 (southern region) to 2.507 (NE region). Regional analyses indicate that the municipalities with better SWM results display lower infestation rates in buildings and residences. This research is innovative as it analyses infestation rates rather than dengue prevalence, using a machine learning method, in a multidisciplinary research field that needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Klafke
- Department of Civil Engineering, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Grace Barros
- Risk and Disaster Management Coordinated Group (CEPED), Department of Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Hydrology, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Elisa Henning
- Department of Mathematics, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Joinville, SC, Brazil
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Sarmiento-Senior D, Matiz MI, Vargas-Cruz S, Jaramillo JF, Olano VA, Lenhart A, Stenström TA, Alexander N, Overgaard HJ. Improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices on dengue and diarrhea in rural primary school students, their parents, and teachers in Colombia: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010985. [PMID: 36574453 PMCID: PMC9829171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved education on water-related diseases in schools could help to reduce disease burden. This paper presents specific results on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of a cluster-randomized controlled trial to reduce diarrheal disease and dengue entomological risk factors in rural primary schools in Colombia. The aim was to investigate whether enhanced educational interventions on dengue and diarrheal disease in schools could improve KAP scores related to these diseases in students and teachers in rural primary schools, as well as the students' parents. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A factorial cluster-randomized controlled trial was carried out in 35 rural primary schools in two municipalities in Cundinamarca, central Colombia. Schools were randomized into four arms: interventions related to diarrheal disease (DIA), dengue (DEN), both (DIADEN), or no interventions (control, CON). Both educational and physical interventions to reduce risk factors of dengue and diarrhea were implemented. Comprehensive teachers' manuals were developed and deployed to guide the learning activities. The intervention was carried out over two school years. The knowledge scores of students receiving dengue interventions (DEN, DIADEN) increased by 1.16 point score (0.75-1.56, p<0.001) and those receiving diarrhea interventions (DIA, DIADEN) increased by 1.15 point score (0.67-1.63, p<0.001). The attitude and practice scores of students receiving the diarrhea interventions increased (Attitudes: 0.41 [0.11-0.71, p = 0.01]; Practices: 0.33 [0.01-0.65, p = 0.042]), but not for those receiving the dengue interventions (p = 0.31 and p = 0.08, respectively). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE There were increases in knowledge scores among students, their teachers and their parents for both diseases. However, the attitudes and practices components were not affected to the same extent. The hypothesis that the students would disseminate knowledge acquired from the educational interventions to their parents was confirmed for dengue, but not for diarrhea. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN40195031 The trial is registered in the Current Controlled Trials under Infections and Infestations category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sarmiento-Senior
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail: (DSS); (NA); (HJO)
| | - Maria Ines Matiz
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Audrey Lenhart
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thor Axel Stenström
- Institute for Water and Waste Water Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Neal Alexander
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (DSS); (NA); (HJO)
| | - Hans J. Overgaard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Department of Microbiology & Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail: (DSS); (NA); (HJO)
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Overgaard HJ, Linn NYY, Kyaw AMM, Braack L, Win Tin M, Bastien S, Vande Velde F, Echaubard P, Zaw W, Mukaka M, Maude R. School and community driven dengue vector control and monitoring in Myanmar: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Wellcome Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18027.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Dengue is the most common and widespread mosquito-borne arboviral disease globally estimated to cause >390 million infections and >20,000 deaths annually. There are no effective vaccines or preventive drugs. Control of dengue transmission relies primarily on mosquito vector control. Although most vector control methods currently used by national dengue control programs may temporarily reduce mosquito populations, there is little evidence that they affect transmission. There is an urgent need for innovative, participatory, effective, and locally adapted approaches for sustainable vector control and monitoring in which students can be particularly relevant contributors and to demonstrate a clear link between vector reduction and dengue transmission reduction, using tools that are inexpensive and easy to use by local communities in a sustainable manner. Methods. Here we describe a cluster randomized controlled trial to be conducted in 46 school catchment areas in two townships in Yangon, Myanmar. The outcome measures are dengue cases confirmed by rapid diagnostic test in the townships, dengue incidence in schools, entomological indices, knowledge, attitudes and practice, behavior, and engagement. Conclusions. The trial involves middle school students that positions them to become actors in dengue knowledge transfer to their communities and take a leadership role in the delivery of vector control interventions and monitoring methods. Following this rationale, we believe that students can become change agents of decentralized vector surveillance and sustainable disease control in line with recent new paradigms in integrated and participatory vector surveillance and control. This provides an opportunity to operationalize transdisciplinary research towards sustainable health development. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and political instability in Myanmar the project has been terminated by the donor, but the protocol will be helpful for potential future implementation of the project in Myanmar and/or elsewhere. Registration: This trial was registered in the ISRCTN Registry on 31 May 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN78254298).
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Omran B, Baek KH. Graphene-derived antibacterial nanocomposites for water disinfection: Current and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118836. [PMID: 35032599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial nanomaterials provide numerous opportunities for the synthesis of next-generation sustainable water disinfectants. Using the keywords graphene and water disinfection and graphene antibacterial activity, a detailed search of the Scopus database yielded 198 and 1433 studies on using graphene for water disinfection applications and graphene antibacterial activity in the last ten years, respectively. Graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) have emerged as effective antibacterial agents. The current innovations in graphene-, graphene oxide (GO)-, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-, and graphene quantum dot (GQD)-based nanocomposites for water disinfection, including their functionalization with semiconductor photocatalysts and metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, have been thoroughly discussed in this review. Furthermore, their novel application in the fabrication of 3D porous hydrogels, thin films, and membranes has been emphasized. The physicochemical and structural properties affecting their antibacterial efficiency, such as sheet size, layer number, shape, edges, smoothness/roughness, arrangement mode, aggregation, dispersibility, and surface functionalization have been highlighted. The various mechanisms involved in GFN antibacterial action have been reviewed, including the mechanisms of membrane stress, ROS-dependent and -independent oxidative stress, cell wrapping/trapping, charge transfer, and interaction with cellular components. For safe applications, the potential biosafety and biocompatibility of GFNs in aquatic environments are emphasized. Finally, the current limitations and future perspectives are discussed. This review may provide ideas for developing efficient and practical solutions using graphene-, GO-, rGO-, and GQD-based nanocomposites in water disinfection by rationally employing their unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Omran
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Processes Design & Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo PO, 11727, Egypt
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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McKnight U. Replacement feeding and the HIV Diaspora: A case of ontological multiplicity and fluid technologies. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2022; 44:169-187. [PMID: 34821393 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Breastmilk is a transmission source of HIV. Therefore, mothers living with HIV are able to avoid exposing their infants to HIV-contaminated breastmilk if they replacement feed them. This article draws on an ethnographic study of an acute National Health Service HIV specialist antenatal clinic in London and explores the ontological multiple HIVs that the practice of replacement feeding takes part in enacting within the fluid space of the HIV diaspora. The term articulates the circumstances of racialised people affected by HIV who are originally from countries where access to life sustaining medication, care and resources-that enable a decoupling of the illness from death-are not readily accessible, and who have (temporarily) relocated themselves to geographical places where these resources are on offer. Arguing that Black African and Caribbean migrant women's ability to benefit from the technologies and care that have turned HIV into a chronic illness in England is delimited by race and their diasporic positionality. In so doing, the article contributes to Sociology by showing how race is part of practice-ethnographic research and medical care even when it is seemingly absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla McKnight
- School of Law, Politics and Sociology, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK
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