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Ponce-Bordón JC, Polo-Tejada J, Sanabria-Pino B, Rubio-Morales A, García-Calvo T, Lobo-Triviño D. The Influence of the Playing Surface on Workload Response in Spanish Professional Male Soccer Players. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4506. [PMID: 39065903 PMCID: PMC11281269 DOI: 10.3390/s24144506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the influence of the playing surface on workload-related variables (i.e., external load, Rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and mental load) in training sessions with a Spanish professional soccer team. Twenty professional male players from the same soccer team were involved. A total of thirty training sessions related to the preseason period were included. All the players completed training sessions on three playing surfaces: natural turf of poor quality, natural turf of high quality, and third-generation artificial turf. Monitoring during sessions involved assessing internal load (i.e., RPE and mental load) via self-reported questionnaires, and external load using Global Positioning System devices. Linear mixed models showed that RPE was significantly higher on natural turf of high quality than on natural turf of poor quality (p < 0.001). Total distance, relative total distance, the number of accelerations, decelerations, and high metabolic load distance were significantly lower on third-generation artificial turf compared to natural turf of poor quality (p < 0.001) and high quality (p < 0.001). In addition, high-speed running, sprint running distances, and the number of sprints reached higher values on third-generation artificial turf compared to the other two playing surfaces. These findings highlight the need for coaches to consider the type of training surface in soccer to optimize training load planning and prevent injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomás García-Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. De la Universidad, S/N, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.P.-B.); (J.P.-T.); (B.S.-P.); (A.R.-M.); (D.L.-T.)
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2
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Sousa H, Clemente FM, Gouveia ÉR, Field A, Sarmento HB. Effects of changing the head coach on soccer team's performance: A systematic review. Biol Sport 2024; 41:83-94. [PMID: 38524815 PMCID: PMC10955743 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.131816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to identify and synthesise the most significant literature addressing the effects of changing the HC on soccer team's performance, identifying the most frequently researched outcomes and characterizing their methodologies. A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA, 2020) guidelines. The following keywords and synonyms were entered in various combinations in the title, abstract or keywords: "football*" OR soccer AND "coach*" OR "manager*" AND "replacement" OR "turnover" OR "substitution*" OR "change". Solely original articles written in English that contained data about the effects of the change in the HC on performance in professional male soccer were included. A total of 94 titles were identified, of which 24 met the eligibility criteria. The quality of the studies was considered excellent. The most common topic of analysis was the effects of the HC on match outcomes (i.e., win, draw, loss, points won, goals average). Some studies suggest that the HCs dismissal has small but positive impacts on a team's short-term performance, while other findings suggest that little-to-no impact is observed following HC departure. The dismissal of the HC does not guarantee increase success of an underperforming team. Some studies suggest that hiring an appropriate coach could positively affect match performance in the short-term. Due to limited variations in study designs, further research is needed before robust conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorato Sousa
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity. Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Élvio R. Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- LARSyS, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Adam Field
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Hugo Borges Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity. Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
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Guimarães RDS, García-Calvo T, Raya-González J, Ponce-Bordón JC, Fatela P, Lobo-Triviño D. Effects of Contextual Variables on Match Load in a Professional Soccer Team Attending to the Different Season Periods. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:679. [PMID: 38276372 PMCID: PMC10820192 DOI: 10.3390/s24020679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of contextual variables (i.e., match location and match outcome) and season periods on match load (i.e., internal and external load) in professional Brazilian soccer players. Thirty-six professional players from the same soccer team participated in this study. The season was split into four phases: matches 1-16 (i.e., Phase 1 = P1); matches 17-32 (i.e., Phase 2 = P2); matches 33-48, (i.e., Phase 3 = P3); matches 49-65 (i.e., Phase 4 = P4). Considering match outcome, when the team wins, Cognitive load, Emotional load, and Affective load were significantly higher in away vs. home matches (p < 0.05). Considering season phases, in P3, Mental Fatigue was significantly higher in drawing than in losing matches (p < 0.05). Additionally, considering the match outcome, when the team lost, Total Distance (TD)/min and TD > 19 km·h-1/min were significantly lower in P1 than P2 (p < 0.001), P3 (p < 0.001), and P4 (p < 0.001). These results suggest to strength and conditioning coaches the need to consider the outcome and location of the previous game when planning the week, as well as the phase of the season they are in to reduce fatigue and injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo dos Santos Guimarães
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (R.d.S.G.); (J.R.-G.); (J.C.P.-B.); (D.L.-T.)
| | - Tomás García-Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (R.d.S.G.); (J.R.-G.); (J.C.P.-B.); (D.L.-T.)
| | - Javier Raya-González
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (R.d.S.G.); (J.R.-G.); (J.C.P.-B.); (D.L.-T.)
| | - José C. Ponce-Bordón
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (R.d.S.G.); (J.R.-G.); (J.C.P.-B.); (D.L.-T.)
| | - Pedro Fatela
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Estr. da Costa, 1495-751 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;
| | - David Lobo-Triviño
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (R.d.S.G.); (J.R.-G.); (J.C.P.-B.); (D.L.-T.)
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4
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Park I, So WY, Lee EJ. Differences in Effort, Reward, Grit, Burnout, and Continuous Exercise Intention: Assessing the Effort-Reward Imbalance among Korean Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2023; 89:327-340. [PMID: 38053951 PMCID: PMC10694726 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/173018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although studies have shown that an imbalance between effort and reward in the workplace negatively affects an individual's physiological and mental health, few have looked at how this imbalance may affect the mental state of athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the importance of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) in athletes by examining whether psychological variables would differ depending on the ERI. To accomplish this, 795 registered collegiate athletes were recruited. Of them, 227 and 230 responses with the ERI in the bottom and in the top 30% of the ERI scale were selected to compare groups with a high and a low ERI. Athletes completed a self-reported 64-item questionnaire (general characteristics: 5; effort: 14; rewards: 14; grit: 12; burnout: 15; and continuous exercise intention: 4 items). Data analysis included reliability and validity using the Jamovi and SPSS/AMOS software. The results showed no significant differences in effort, reward, grit, burnout, and intention to continue to exercise based on gender, weekly training frequency, and hours of training per day. There were differences in effort, reward, grit, burnout, and intention to continue exercising based on the presence of a professional league. Additionally, differences were found in effort, reward, grit, burnout, and intention to continue exercising between the low and high ERI groups. There was a clear difference between the mental state of those who were satisfied with their effort and reward, and those who were not. However, given that the two groups spent approximately the same amount of time exercising each week, the difference may have been more a function of the psychology of athletes than an actual difference in effort and reward. As our findings confirmed that the level of the ERI in athletes is related to their mental state, further research is necessary to identify and control factors that affect the ERI in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyoung Park
- Department of Sport Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi-Young So
- Sports Medicine Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jae Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Graduate School of Education, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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González-Hernández J, Gómez-López M, Manzano-Sánchez D, Valero-Valenzuela A. Motivated and without Fear of Failure: The Strength of Basic Psychological Needs in Youth Spanish Athletes in Team Sports. J Hum Kinet 2023; 87:235-245. [PMID: 37229412 PMCID: PMC10203827 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/162449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Connecting desires for achievement, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and the perception of fear of failure is one of the most relevant questions in the understanding of negative mental responses in youth athletes. How to act with less fear is what every athlete seeks to feel to enhance their performance actions. This paper aims to shed light on a sample of 681 members of sports teams belonging to different Spanish clubs (391 boys and 290 girls), with a mean age of 16.2 years, and a high sports dedication (75.5% > 5 years of experience; 96.3% > two training sessions/week; 90.3% > 3 hours of training/week). The collected data used self-reports based on the tenets of achievement motivation, Self-Determination Theory, and fear of failure. Those aspects linked to task involvement were positively close to Basic Psychological Needs (BPNs), while those related to ego involvement moved away from task involvement and BPNs. Fear was associated positively and significantly only with ego, and negatively with the rest of the constructs. In the standardized direct effect, positive and significant associations were observed among all constructs except between an ego-involving climate and basic psychological needs satisfaction. The association between a task-involving climate and BPNs was significant in fostering relationships among group members, as well as in improving interpersonal cohesion, empathic understanding processes, and reducing fear of failure in youth athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan González-Hernández
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-López
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Manzano-Sánchez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Díaz-García J, Ponce-Bordón JC, Moreno-Gil A, Rubio-Morales A, López-Gajardo MÁ, García-Calvo T. Influence of Scoring Systems on Mental Fatigue, Physical Demands, and Tactical Behavior during Soccer Large-Sided Games. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032087. [PMID: 36767454 PMCID: PMC9915233 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Constraints are common in soccer training to develop physical, technical-tactical, and mental training concurrently. This study examined how different scoring systems influence physical, tactical, and mental demands during large-sided games in soccer. Eighteen youth-elite male (17.39 ± 1.04 y) soccer players completed three 8 vs. 8 large-sided games where the different score systems were i) official score system (OSS; i.e., 1 goal = 1 goal), ii) double the value of the goal-4 min (DVx4; i.e., 1 goal = 1 goal from 0.00 to 7.59 min, and 1 goal = 2 goals from 8.00 to 12.00 min), and iii) double the value of the goal-8 min (DVx8; i.e., 1 goal = 1 goal from 0.00 to 3.59 min, and 1 goal = 2 goals from 4.00 to 12.00 min). Physical demands and tactical behaviors were recorded during tasks using a global positioning system and video camera. Mental fatigue was recorded pre- and post-task using a visual analogue scale. Also, the ratio of perceived exertion and mental load were recorded after tasks were finished. Results reported the highest values of mental and physical demands in DVx4. Mental fatigue increased during all three large-sided games, although this increase was significantly higher in DVx4 compared with OSS (p = 0.006) and DVx8 (p = 0.027). Tactical behavior showed a trend towards more direct play during DVx4, which was less observed during DVx8, and not at all during OSS. In conclusion, changing the scoring system affects physical, tactical, and mental demands.
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Tassi JM, Díaz-García J, López-Gajardo MÁ, Rubio-Morales A, García-Calvo T. Effect of a Four-Week Soccer Training Program Using Stressful Constraints on Team Resilience and Precompetitive Anxiety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1620. [PMID: 36674376 PMCID: PMC9863658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of stressful constraints during soccer trainings on psychological skill development and internal load when compared with control (nonstressful) trainings. A total of 51 elite male youth soccer players (27 in the experimental group, M = 16.54 years; 24 in the control group, M = 15.44 years) participated in the study. In a 12-week longitudinal survey, team resilience, using the Spanish version of the Characteristics of Resilience in Sports Teams Inventory, and anxiety, using the Sport Anxiety Scale, were measured at baseline (after 4 weeks of regular trainings), postprotocol (after 4 weeks of control or experimental trainings), and follow-up (after 4 weeks of regular trainings). Results show that, when compared with the control group, a program with stressful constraints helped young soccer players to develop better psychological skills: specifically, increased ability to cope with impairments in resilience (both resilience characteristics and team vulnerability under pressure; p < 0.001). Increases in anxiety (p = 0.06) and decreases in preoccupation (p < 0.001) and lack of concentration (p < 0.001) were also observed. The adaptation of human behavior to specific trainings may explain these results. In conclusion, the regular exposure of young soccer players to stressful situations during trainings shows benefits for their psychological skill development in soccer. Then, benefits on internal load were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Díaz-García
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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8
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Díaz-García J, Filipas L, La Torre A, Gómez-Rivera J, Rubio-Morales A, García-Calvo T. Mental fatigue changes from regular season to play-offs in semiprofessional soccer: A comparison by training days. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:712-724. [PMID: 36601789 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose was to compare by each training the mental load and fatigue reported by semiprofessional soccer players comparing between regular season phase and the play-offs. Fifty-three players (Mage = 24.59 years) for two teams participated during the 2020/21 season. Mental load was measured with a Likert questionnaire. Mental fatigue was quantified with a Visual Analogue Scale. Four trainings were recorded each week (Monday = MD+1, Wednesday = MD-4, Thursday = MD-3 and Saturday = MD-1), with a competitive match on Sunday across 10 weeks (five dates of regular season - five dates of play-offs). A Linear Mixed Model was performed with R-studio, using the training days and the competitive phase as independent variables. The influence of time played as co-variable was also checked. Results showed MD+1 as the more mentally fatiguing day in both phases, although MD-4 were the training with higher mental load reported (p = 0.001). Comparing phases, mental fatigue was significantly higher during the play-offs (p = 0.037). With regard time played, players that did not usually play showed a decrease in mental load during the play-offs. Then, we recommend coaches to use recovery strategies for mental fatigue, avoid mentally fatiguing tasks close to competition and considerer the time played as a factor which may contribute to individual differences in player mental fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Díaz-García
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Luca Filipas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio La Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ana Rubio-Morales
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Sahli F, Hammami R, Sahli H, Jebabli N, Selmi W, Zghibi M, van den Tillaar R. The Effects of Combined Verbal Encouragement and Technical Instruction on Technical Skills and Psychophysiological Responses During Small-Sided Handball Games Exercise in Physical Education. Front Psychol 2022; 13:902088. [PMID: 35756207 PMCID: PMC9226905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.902088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the effects of combined positive verbal encouragement and general technical guidelines on technical and psychophysiological parameters in pupils during a small-sided handball passing game. Twenty secondary school pupils (age, 16 ± 1 years; body mass, 55.3 ± 6.6 kg; body height, 1.77 ± 0.13 m; BMI, 22.6 ± 2.2 kg m−1) performed small-sided games (2 × 10 min) with three conditions: small-sided game (1) with combined verbal encouragement and technical instruction; (2) with technical instruction; (3) without any instruction (control) in which the passes for each pupil in each set was measured together with the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and feeling mood after the first and second set. Results: A two-way analysis of variance demonstrated that the combined condition resulted in more passes compared to the technical instruction and control conditions, while the number of passes increased in set 2 for all conditions. RPE and the feeling mood were also differently between the conditions. Combined verbal encouragement and technical instruction during handball exercise were more beneficial for optimal passing numbers, positive mood with less perception of physical effort compared to only technical instruction and a control condition. The results evidenced positive acute effects of combined verbal encouragement and technical instruction during handball, indicating the usefulness of these training methods for optimal passing numbers, positive mood with less perception of physical effort in physical education pupils. Future studies should evaluate the applicability combined verbal encouragement and technical skills in the training of other conditioning capacities and the individual responsiveness of players toward verbal encouragement tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Sahli
- Research Unit (Code de l'unité) "Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation", Higher Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Hammami
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory (EM2S, UR15JS01) "Education, Motor Skills, Sports and Health", Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Sahli
- Research Unit (Code de l'unité) "Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation", Higher Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Nidhal Jebabli
- Research Unit (Code de l'unité) "Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation", Higher Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Walid Selmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Unit (UR17JS01) "Sport Performance, Health & Society", Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Makrem Zghibi
- Research Unit (Code de l'unité) "Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation", Higher Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
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Radzimiński Ł, Padrón-Cabo A, Modric T, Andrzejewski M, Versic S, Chmura P, Sekulic D, Konefał M. The effect of mid-season coach turnover on running match performance and match outcome in professional soccer players. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10680. [PMID: 35739176 PMCID: PMC9226040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the physical match performance and match outcome before and after coach turnover in professional soccer teams compared with a control group containing coaches working continuously for 3 consecutive seasons. Analysed data included 325 performances of teams led by dismissed coaches (DC), 313 of teams led by new coaches (NC), and 580 of teams led by unchanged coaches (UnC). Variables, such as average number of collected points, total distance (TD), total distance per minute (TD/min), high-speed running (HSR), sprinting and number of high-intensity runs (NHIR), were analysed in the last 15 games of DC and 15 matches of NC. These periods were divided into 3 blocks out of 5 matches (5-match blocks). NC collected a significantly higher number of points than DC (p = 0.015), whereas average points collected by UNC were significantly greater than DC (p < 0.001 and NC (p = 0.012). TD and TD/min for DC were significantly lower (p < 0.001) compared with both NC and UnC, whereas significant differences in HSR (p = 0.003) and NHIR (p = 0.03) were identified between DC and NC. The current study reported that mid-season coach turnover may result in short-term improvement in team results and physical match performance. However, this effect disappears after a period of approximately 5 games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Radzimiński
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, K. Górskiego 1, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Alexis Padrón-Cabo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Toni Modric
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Marcin Andrzejewski
- Department of Recreation, University School of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sime Versic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Paweł Chmura
- Department of Team Games, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Marek Konefał
- Department of Biological and Motor Sport Bases, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
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11
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Sahli H, Haddad M, Jebabli N, Sahli F, Ouergui I, Ouerghi N, Bragazzi NL, Zghibi M. The Effects of Verbal Encouragement and Compliments on Physical Performance and Psychophysiological Responses During the Repeated Change of Direction Sprint Test. Front Psychol 2022; 12:698673. [PMID: 35250684 PMCID: PMC8896045 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.698673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The general and sports psychology research is limited regarding the difference between the effects of verbal encouragement (VE) or compliment methods during high-intensity functional exercise testing. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of VE and compliments on the performance of the repeated change-of-direction (RCOD) sprint test. A total of 36 male students in secondary school participated voluntarily in the study. They were divided equally into three homogeneous groups [VE group, compliment group (CG), and control group) and performed a standardized one repetition RCOD. The RCOD (6 × 20 m with 25-s active recovery) test consisted of a 100°change in the direction at every 4 m. Outcomes included performance indices (fast time, average time, and total time), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and feeling scale scores. VE and the compliment increased the performance indices and RPE compared with the control group. In conclusion, VE during the exercise testing would be more beneficial for optimal performance and RPE compared with the compliment and control groups. However, the moods, during RCOD, reproduce more positively during compliment conditions than the VE and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Sahli
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Monoem Haddad
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nidhal Jebabli
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Faten Sahli
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Ibrahim Ouergui
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Nejmeddine Ouerghi
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Makrem Zghibi
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
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Mental Fatigue-Associated Decrease in Table Tennis Performance: Is There an Electrophysiological Signature? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412906. [PMID: 34948514 PMCID: PMC8700914 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mental fatigue (MF) is a psychobiological state negatively impacting both cognitive and physical performance. Although recent research implies that some table tennis (TT) performance outcomes are impaired by MF, open skill sports such as TT require a more detailed overview of MF-related performance decrements. Moreover, research into MF and sport-specific psychomotor performance lacks the inclusion of brain-related measurements to identify MF mechanisms. Eleven experienced TT players participated in this randomized counterbalanced crossover trial. Participants were either required to perform an individualized Stroop task (MF condition) or watch a documentary (control condition). The primary outcomes were reaction time on a sport-specific visuomotor task and EEG activity throughout the trial. The subjective feeling of MF was significantly different between both conditions and confirmed that the MF condition induced the mentally fatigue state of participants (p < 0.001), though no behavioral indicators (i.e., decrease in performance on Stroop and flanker task) of MF. MF worsened reaction time on the visuomotor task, while other secondary measurements remained largely ambiguous. Spectral power (i.e., decreases in upper α band and θ band) was influenced by MF, while ERPs measured during the visuomotor task remained unaltered. The present study confirms that MF negatively impacts table tennis performance, specifically inhibitory stimuli during the visuomotor task. These findings also further augment our understanding of the effects of MF on human performance.
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