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Díaz-García J, Ponce-Bordón JC, Moreno-Gil A, Rubio-Morales A, López-Gajardo MÁ, García-Calvo T. Influence of Scoring Systems on Mental Fatigue, Physical Demands, and Tactical Behavior during Soccer Large-Sided Games. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20032087. [PMID: 36767454 PMCID: PMC9915233 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Constraints are common in soccer training to develop physical, technical-tactical, and mental training concurrently. This study examined how different scoring systems influence physical, tactical, and mental demands during large-sided games in soccer. Eighteen youth-elite male (17.39 ± 1.04 y) soccer players completed three 8 vs. 8 large-sided games where the different score systems were i) official score system (OSS; i.e., 1 goal = 1 goal), ii) double the value of the goal-4 min (DVx4; i.e., 1 goal = 1 goal from 0.00 to 7.59 min, and 1 goal = 2 goals from 8.00 to 12.00 min), and iii) double the value of the goal-8 min (DVx8; i.e., 1 goal = 1 goal from 0.00 to 3.59 min, and 1 goal = 2 goals from 4.00 to 12.00 min). Physical demands and tactical behaviors were recorded during tasks using a global positioning system and video camera. Mental fatigue was recorded pre- and post-task using a visual analogue scale. Also, the ratio of perceived exertion and mental load were recorded after tasks were finished. Results reported the highest values of mental and physical demands in DVx4. Mental fatigue increased during all three large-sided games, although this increase was significantly higher in DVx4 compared with OSS (p = 0.006) and DVx8 (p = 0.027). Tactical behavior showed a trend towards more direct play during DVx4, which was less observed during DVx8, and not at all during OSS. In conclusion, changing the scoring system affects physical, tactical, and mental demands.
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Machado JC, Góes A, Aquino R, Bedo BLS, Viana R, Rossato M, Scaglia A, Ibáñez SJ. Applying Different Strategies of Task Constraint Manipulation in Small-Sided and Conditioned Games: How Do They Impact Physical and Tactical Demands? Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22. [PMID: 35746216 DOI: 10.3390/s22124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how different strategies of task constraint manipulation impact physical and tactical demands in small-sided and conditioned games (SSCG). Ten recreational U-17 soccer players participated in this study (16.89 ± 0.11 years). We used different strategies of task manipulation to design two 4 vs. 4 SSCG: Structural SSCG and Functional SSCG. In Structural SSCG, pitch format and goal sizes were manipulated, while in Functional SSCG, players were allowed to kick the ball twice and at least 5 passes to shoot at the opponent’s goal. Players participated in four Structural and Functional SSCG, of five minutes duration with a two-minute interval in between. Players’ physical performance and tactical behavior were assessed using the WIMU PROTM inertial device. Structural SSCG stimulated players to cover more distance in sprinting (p = 0.003) and high-speed running (p < 0.001). Regarding tactical behavior, Structural SSCG stimulated players to explore game space better (p < 0.001). Moreover, Functional SSCG stimulated players to be closer to the ball, decreasing the effective playing space (p = 0.008). We conclude that these strategies of task constraint manipulation impact physical and tactical demands of the game.
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Abstract
This study examined the relationship between maturation and signal detection skills, as well as the effect of signal detection on the tactical behavior efficiency of young soccer players. Fifty-four male soccer players participated in the study (U-11, U-13, and U-15). Maturation was evaluated by the Khamis-Roche method, and peak height velocity was estimated. A computer-based test in the Vienna Test System® was used to assess signal detection skills, whereas tactical behavior efficiency was assessed using the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer. Descriptive analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Spearman bivariate correlation and the univariate analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) were performed. Effect sizes were reported as Cohen's d, and the significance level was set at p < .05. Relationships were observed between the percentage of predicted adult height and signal detection performance. Also, signal detection skills were found to affect the tactical behavior efficiency of young soccer players. It is concluded that the players, as seen more mature, can perceive the game faster and more effectively, and are able to provide quicker responses in the game context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Gonçalves
- Centre of Research and Studies in Soccer (NUPEF), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil.,Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Franco Noce
- Sports Psychology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - António José Figueiredo
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Israel Teoldo
- Centre of Research and Studies in Soccer (NUPEF), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
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Cordón-Carmona A, García-Aliaga A, Marquina M, Calvo JL, Mon-López D, Refoyo Roman I. What Is the Relevance in the Passing Action between the Passer and the Receiver in Soccer? Study of Elite Soccer in La Liga. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17249396. [PMID: 33333901 PMCID: PMC7765303 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Soccer is a high-complexity sport in which 22 players interact simultaneously in a common space. The ball-holder interacts with their teammates by passing actions, establishing a unique communication among them in the development of the game in its offensive phase. The main aim of the present study was to analyze the pass action according to the trajectory of the ball receiver and the space for receiving the ball in terms of success at the end of play. Twenty La Liga 2018/2019 matches of two elite teams were analyzed. A system of notational analysis was used to create 11 categories based on context, timing and pass analysis. The data were analyzed using chi-squared analysis. The results showed that the main performance indicators were the efficiency of the pass, the zone of the field, the trajectory of the receiver and the reception space of the ball, which presented a moderate association with the end of play (p < 0.001). We concluded that receiving the ball on approach and in separation increased the probability of success by 5% and 7%, respectively, and a diagonal run increased the probability by 7%. Moreover, the combined analysis of these variables would improve the team performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Mon-López
- Correspondence: (J.L.C.); (D.M.L.); Tel.: +34-910678023 (J.L.C. & D.M.L.)
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Ferraz R, Gonçalves B, Coutinho D, Oliveira R, Travassos B, Sampaio J, C. Marques M. Effects of Knowing the Task's Duration on Soccer Players' Positioning and Pacing Behaviour During Small-Sided Games. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17113843. [PMID: 32481705 PMCID: PMC7312572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to identify how the manipulation of knowledge regarding a training task duration constrains the pacing and tactical behaviour of soccer players when playing small-sided games (SSG). Twenty professional and experienced soccer players participated in a cross-sectional field study using three conditions: not informed on the duration of the SSG, which ended after 20 min (Unknown Condition); briefed about playing the SSG for 10 min, but after they completed the 10-min game, they were requested to complete another 10 min (Partial Condition) and informed before that they would play for 20 min (Known Condition). A global positioning system was used to measure the total distance covered and distances of different exercise training zones (walking to sprinting) and to access the dynamic players positioning through the distance from each player to all the teammates and opponents. Additionally, approximate entropy was measured to identify the regularity pattern of each gathered individual variable. The results indicate that the first 10 min of each scenario presented a higher physical impact independently of the initial information. During this time, the tactical behaviour also revealed higher variability. An increase in the distance of the teammates during the second period of 10-min for the Known scenario was also found, which may result from a lower pacing strategy. This study showed that the prior knowledge of the task duration led to different physical and tactical behaviours of the players. Furthermore, the relationship between the physical impact and the regularity of team game patterns should be well analysed by the coach, because the physical impact may be harmful to the development of the collective organization of the team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ferraz
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.T.); (M.C.M.)
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD; 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.C.); (J.S.)
- Castelo Branco Football Association, Research Department, 6000-050 Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Bruno Gonçalves
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7000-645 Évora, Portugal;
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7000-645 Évora, Portugal
- Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal Football School, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diogo Coutinho
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD; 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior—Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal;
- Life Quality Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.T.); (M.C.M.)
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD; 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.C.); (J.S.)
- Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal Football School, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jaime Sampaio
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD; 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Mário C. Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.T.); (M.C.M.)
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD; 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.C.); (J.S.)
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Canton A, Torrents C, Ric A, Gonçalves B, Sampaio J, Hristovski R. Effects of Temporary Numerical Imbalances on Collective Exploratory Behavior of Young and Professional Football Players. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1968. [PMID: 31507502 PMCID: PMC6718725 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore how the use of temporary numerical imbalances during small-sided Game SSGs affects team’s exploratory behaviors (i.e., variety and quantity of responses given in an ever-changing game context and its rate of change) in different age groups. Two different age groups (under−15 and under−23) of football players participated in the study. For each age group, three teams of five players played six small-sided games of 5 min duration in different conditions: (i) numerical balance (GK + 4 vs. 4 + GK); (ii) temporary numerical imbalance, which consisted of a numerical change of teammates and opponents every one minute. Latitude and longitude GPS coordinates were used to determine the positioning-derived variables. The dynamic overlap (i.e. the measure of average similarity of the game patterns that take place in increasingly larger time intervals) was used to provide information of the rate and breadth of exploratory behavior. The results revealed that the long-term exploratory breadth increased for the under−23 age group. Non-clear effects were found for the short-term rate of exploration, but with an increasing trend. In the under−15 group, the exploratory behavior was more likely to increase in the long term. The increase for the short-term rate of exploration was unclear, but it follows an increasing trend. These results suggest that the use of temporary numerical imbalances could offer coaches more dynamic training situations and different adaptive training environments similar to matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Canton
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Carlota Torrents
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Angel Ric
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Bruno Gonçalves
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jaime Sampaio
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Robert Hristovski
- Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
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Machado JC, Barreira D, Teoldo I, Travassos B, Júnior JB, Santos JOLD, Scaglia AJ. How Does the Adjustment of Training Task Difficulty Level Influence Tactical Behavior in Soccer? Res Q Exerc Sport 2019; 90:403-416. [PMID: 31157599 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1612511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate if player tactical skill level and age category influence team performance and player exploratory behavior in tasks with different difficulty levels. Method: In total, 48 youth male soccer players participated in the study (U15, n = 24, mean age = 13.06 ± 1.53 years; U17, n = 24, mean age = 16.89 ± 0.11 years). Player tactical skills were evaluated through the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT), allowing them to be organized into three groups according to tactical efficiency: Higher tactical skill level (Group 01), Intermediate tactical skill level (Group 02), and Lower tactical skill level (Group 03). Next, Group 01 and Group 03 of both categories performed six Small-Sided and Conditioned Games (SSCG) each, namely three High difficulty SSCGs and three Low difficulty SSCGs. Team performance and players' exploratory behavior were analyzed through the Offensive Sequences Characterization System and Lag Sequential Analysis, respectively. Results: We found that team performance and players' exploratory behavior were influenced both by the age and tactical skill level of the players, as well as by task difficulty level. Conclusion: Therefore, in an attempt to improve player performance, practitioners must carefully manipulate key task constraints to adapt training task difficulty levels to player age and tactical skill level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Travassos
- e Universidade da Beira Interior
- f Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD)
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Machado JC, Ribeiro J, Palheta CE, Alcântara C, Barreira D, Guilherme J, Garganta J, Scaglia AJ. Changing Rules and Configurations During Soccer Small-Sided and Conditioned Games. How Does It Impact Teams' Tactical Behavior? Front Psychol 2019; 10:1554. [PMID: 31338051 PMCID: PMC6629901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate how team’s tactical behavior varies within and between age categories in different Small-Sided and Conditioned Games’ configurations and conditions. Twenty non-elite youth male soccer players (U15, n = 10, mean age = 13.5 ± 1.2 years; U17, n = 10, mean age = 16.3 ± 0.5 years) were selected. Thirty-six Small-Sided and Conditioned Games (SSCG) were played in both categories, namely three Representative SSCG (R-SSCG), three Maintaining Ball Possession Games (MBPG) and three Progression to Target Games (PTG) performed for each configuration (Gk+3vs3+Gk and Gk+4vs4+Gk). Teams’ tactical behavior was analyzed based on simple and composite performance indicators, as well as through Lag Sequential Analysis. Rules manipulation and SSCG configurations influenced teams’ tactical behavior on both categories, but in different ways. Teams composed by younger players presented greater difficulties in MBPG played in smaller games configuration, while Gk+4vs4+Gk configuration can be used to enhance teams’ tactical performance of younger players in R-SSCG and MBPG conditions. Moreover, increasing rules manipulations appeared to negatively impact on teams’ exploratory behavior. Therefore, practitioners should carefully manipulate key constraints to adapt task demands to players’ age category and training session’s goals in order to enhance tactical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cláudio Machado
- Human Performance Laboratory (LEDEHU), Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - João Ribeiro
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Ewerton Palheta
- Sports Pedagogy Research Center (NuPPE/LAPE), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Chellsea Alcântara
- Research Group for Development of Football and Futsal, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barreira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Guilherme
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alcides José Scaglia
- Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Laboratory of Sport Pedagogy (LEPE), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
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Praça GM, Sousa RBE, Greco PJ. Influence of Aerobic Power on Youth Players' Tactical Behavior and Network Properties during Football Small-Sided Games. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7030073. [PMID: 30934657 PMCID: PMC6473423 DOI: 10.3390/sports7030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to compare the incidence of tactical principles, the percentage of successful tactical principles, and the network properties between higher and lower aerobic power in young football players during small-sided games. (2) Methods: Eighteen Under-17 Brazilian players were recruited. Firstly, they performed the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2, which was used to split them into two groups with higher and lower aerobic power. In the sequence, they played three vs three small-sided games within each group. The System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer was used to analyze the tactical behavior demonstrated by measuring the incidence of tactical principles and the percentage of successful principles, while the macro variables, density and clustering coefficient from social network analysis for team sports was used to analyze players' interactions. (3) Results: No differences were reported for the incidence of tactical principles (p > 0.05, small or small-to-moderate effect sizes), the percentage of successful offensive principles (p = 0.122, small-to-moderate effect size), or the network variables (p > 0.05; small effect sizes). The lower aerobic power group demonstrated a higher percentage of successful defensive tactical principles (p = 0.043; small-to-moderate effect size). (4) Conclusions: We concluded that aerobic power has a limited impact on player behavior, indicating that players' actions within a small-sided game are mostly constrained by other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibson Moreira Praça
- Sports Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Raphael Brito E Sousa
- Sports Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Juan Greco
- Sports Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
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Bredt SGT, Morales JCP, Andrade AGP, Torres JO, Peixoto GH, Greco PJ, Praça GM, Chagas MH. Space Creation Dynamics in Basketball Small-Sided Games. Percept Mot Skills 2017; 125:162-176. [PMID: 28799865 DOI: 10.1177/0031512517725445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Space creation dynamics (SCDs) describe actions players perform to create a scoring opportunity. This study compared SCDs and types of offense during three different three versus three (3vs.3) basketball small-sided games (SSGs) played in half court: 3vs.3 with man-to-man defense in half playing area (3vs.3HALF), 3vs.3 with man-to-man defense in full playing area (3vs.3FULL), and 3vs.3 with reduced shot clock (3vs.3RT). We also investigated the efficacy of SCDs in all SSGs and the reliability of SCDs in 3vs.3HALF. While the efficacy of SCDs did not differ among these SSGs, 3vs.3RT presented significantly more "space creation with ball dribbled" and "shot clock violations," and less "on ball screens." 3vs.3FULL presented no differences in the SCDs and types of offense compared with 3vs.3HALF. Reliability within 3vs.3HALF was higher for "space creation with ball dribbled," "space creation without the ball," "set offenses," "fast breaks," and "loss of ball during passing or dribbling." We concluded that 3vs.3 basketball SSGs with different rules can be used for training different tactical behaviors important to formal games, especially since the 3vs.3HALF presented good reliability for many variables related to tactical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G T Bredt
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Juan C P Morales
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - André G P Andrade
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Juliana O Torres
- 2 Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 98729 Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Peixoto
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Pablo J Greco
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Gibson M Praça
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Mauro H Chagas
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
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