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Mihajlovic K, Bukvic MA, Dragic M, Scortichini M, Jacobson KA, Nedeljkovic N. Anti-inflammatory potency of novel ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 inhibitors in astrocyte culture model of neuroinflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175943. [PMID: 37541364 PMCID: PMC10527948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Three novel cytosine-derived α,β-methylene diphosphonates designated MRS4598, MRS4552, and MRS4602 were tested in the range of 1 × 10-9 to 1 × 10-3 M for their efficacy and potency in inhibiting membrane-bound ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 activity in primary astrocytes in vitro. The compounds were also tested for their ability to attenuate the reactive astrocyte phenotype induced by proinflammatory cytokines. The main findings are as follows: A) The tested compounds induced concentration-dependent inhibition of CD73 activity, with maximal inhibition achieved at ∼1 × 10-3M; B) All compounds showed high inhibitory potency, as reflected by IC50 values in the submicromolar range; C) All compounds showed high binding capacity, as reflected by Ki values in the low nanomolar range; D) Among the tested compounds, MRS4598 showed the highest inhibitory efficacy and potency, as reflected by IC50 and Ki values of 0.11 μM and 18.2 nM; E) Neither compound affected astrocyte proliferation and cell metabolic activity at concentrations near to IC50; E) MRS4598 was able to inhibit CD73 activity in reactive astrocytes stimulated with TNF-α and to induce concentration-dependent inhibition of CD73 in reactive astrocytes stimulated with IL-1β, with an order of magnitude higher IC50 value; F) MRS4598 was the only compound tested that was able to induce shedding of the CD73 from astrocyte membranes and to enhance astrocyte migration in the scratch wound migration assay, albeit at concentration well above its IC50 value. Given the role of CD73 in neurodegenerative diseases, MRS4598, MRS4552, and MRS4602 are promising pharmacological tools for the treatment of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Mihajlovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Adzic Bukvic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirko Scortichini
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Strogulski NR, Stefani MA, Böhmer AE, Hansel G, Rodolphi MS, Kopczynski A, de Oliveira VG, Stefani ET, Portela JV, Schmidt AP, Oses JP, Smith DH, Portela LV. Cerebrospinal fluid purinomics as a biomarker approach to predict outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2022; 161:173-186. [PMID: 35157328 PMCID: PMC9035090 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high rates of mortality and long-term disability linked to neurochemical abnormalities. Although purine-derivatives play important roles in TBI pathogenesis in preclinical models, little is known about potential changes in purine levels and their implications in human TBI. We assessed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of purines in severe TBI patients as potential biomarkers that predict mortality and long-term dysfunction. This was a cross-sectional study performed in 17 severe TBI patients (Glasgow Coma Scale < 8) and 51 controls. Two to four hours after admission to ICU, patients were submitted to ventricular drainage and CSF collection for quantification of adenine and guanine purine-derivatives by HPLC. TBI patients survival was followed up to 3 days from admission. A neurofunctional assessment was performed through the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) two years after ICU admission. Purine levels were compared between control and TBI patients, and between surviving and non-surviving patients. Relative to controls, TBI patients presented increased CSF levels of GDP, guanosine, adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. Further, GTP, GDP, IMP, and xanthine levels were different between surviving and non-surviving patients. Among the purines, guanosine was associated with improved mRS (p=0.042; r= -0.506). Remarkably, GTP displayed predictive value (AUC=0.841, p=0.024) for discriminating survival vs. non-survival patients up to three days from admission. These results support TBI-specific purine signatures, suggesting GTP as a promising biomarker of mortality, and guanosine as an indicator of long-term functional disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Strogulski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Stefani
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Böhmer
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gisele Hansel
- Neuroinflammation and Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Rodolphi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitória G de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduarda T Stefani
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana V Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André P Schmidt
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Department of Anesthesia, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair and Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Luis V Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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3
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Vike NL, Bari S, Stetsiv K, Walter A, Newman S, Kawata K, Bazarian JJ, Martinovich Z, Nauman EA, Talavage TM, Papa L, Slobounov SM, Breiter HC. A preliminary model of football-related neural stress that integrates metabolomics with transcriptomics and virtual reality. iScience 2022; 25:103483. [PMID: 35106455 PMCID: PMC8786649 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests contact sports affect neurological health. This study used permutation-based mediation statistics to integrate measures of metabolomics, neuroinflammatory miRNAs, and virtual reality (VR)-based motor control to investigate multi-scale relationships across a season of collegiate American football. Fourteen significant mediations (six pre-season, eight across-season) were observed where metabolites always mediated the statistical relationship between miRNAs and VR-based motor control (pSobelperm≤ 0.05; total effect > 50%), suggesting a hypothesis that metabolites sit in the statistical pathway between transcriptome and behavior. Three results further supported a model of chronic neuroinflammation, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction: (1) Mediating metabolites were consistently medium-to-long chain fatty acids, (2) tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites decreased across-season, and (3) accumulated head acceleration events statistically moderated pre-season metabolite levels to directionally model post-season metabolite levels. These preliminary findings implicate potential mitochondrial dysfunction and highlight probable peripheral blood biomarkers underlying repetitive head impacts in otherwise healthy collegiate football athletes. Permutation-based mediation statistics can be applied to multi-scale biology problems Fatty acids were a critical link between elevated miRNAs and motor control HAEs interacted with pre-season metabolite levels to model post-season levels Together, our observations point to brain-related mitochondrial dysfunction
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Vike
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sumra Bari
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Khrystyna Stetsiv
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alexa Walter
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Sharlene Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Keisuke Kawata
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Bazarian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Zoran Martinovich
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eric A Nauman
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Thomas M Talavage
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Linda Papa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
| | - Semyon M Slobounov
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Simões JLB, de Araújo JB, Bagatini MD. Anti-inflammatory Therapy by Cholinergic and Purinergic Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5090-5111. [PMID: 34247339 PMCID: PMC8272687 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The virus "acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), initially responsible for an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, which, due to the high level of contagion and dissemination, has become a pandemic. The clinical picture varies from mild to critical cases; however, all of these signs already show neurological problems, from sensory loss to neurological diseases. Thus, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) infected with the new coronavirus are more likely to develop severe conditions; in addition to worsening the disease, this is due to the high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is closely associated with increased mortality both in COVID-19 and MS. This increase is uncontrolled and exaggerated, characterizing the cytokine storm, so a possible therapy for this neuronal inflammation is the modulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, since acetylcholine (ACh) acts to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and acts directly on the brain for being released by cholinergic neurons, as well as acting on other cells such as immune and blood cells. In addition, due to tissue damage, there is an exacerbated release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), potentiating the inflammatory process and activating purinergic receptors which act directly on neuroinflammation and positively modulate the inflammatory cycle. Associated with this, in neurological pathologies, there is greater expression of P2X7 in the cells of the microglia, which positively activates the immune inflammatory response. Thus, the administration of blockers of this receptor can act in conjunction with the action of ACh in the anticholinergic inflammatory pathway. Finally, there will be a reduction in the cytokine storm and triggered hyperinflammation, as well as the level of mortality in patients with multiple sclerosis infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the development of possible neurological damage.
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Chaurasia SN, Kushwaha G, Pandey A, Dash D. Human platelets express functional ectonucleotidases that restrict platelet activation signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:104-109. [PMID: 32446352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Platelets play central role in thrombosis and haemostasis. Platelets store adenine nucleotides in their dense granules, which are released upon agonist-stimulation. Level of these nucleotides in extracellular fluid is regulated by activities of ectonucleotidases such as ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) expressed on platelet surface. Here we demonstrate that, expression of surface-bound ectonucleotidases rose significantly in platelets, concomitant with upregulation of their enzymatic activities, when cells were stimulated with thrombin. Interestingly, inhibition of CD73 in thrombin-treated platelets led to enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins and rise in intracellular free calcium, [Ca2+]i, thus signifying the inhibitory role of the ectonucleotidase on agonist-mediated platelet signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheel N Chaurasia
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Geeta Kushwaha
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Abhishek Pandey
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Debabrata Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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6
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Nedeljkovic N. Complex regulation of ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 and A 2AR-mediated adenosine signaling at neurovascular unit: A link between acute and chronic neuroinflammation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:99-115. [PMID: 30954629 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes available data regarding the complex regulation of CD73 at the neurovascular unit (NVU) during neuroinflammation. Based on available data we propose the biphasic pattern of CD73 regulation at NVU, with an early attenuation and a postponed up-regulation of CD73 activity. Transient attenuation of CD73 activity on leukocyte/vascular endothelium and leukocyte/astrocyte surface, required for the initiation of a neuroinflammatory response, may be effectuated either by catalytic inhibition of CD73 and/or by shedding of the CD73 molecule from the cell surface, while postponed induction of CD73 is effectuated by transcriptional up-regulation of Nt5e and posttranslational modifications. Neuroinflammatory conditions are also associated with significant enhancement and gain-of-function of A2AR-mediated adenosine signaling. However, in contrast to the temporary prevalence of A2AR over A1R signaling during an acute inflammatory response, prolonged induction of A2AR and resulting perpetual CD73/A2AR coupling may be a contributing factors in the transition between acute and chronic neuroinflammation. Thus, pharmacological targeting of the CD73/A2AR axis may attenuate inflammatory response and ameliorate neurological deficits in chronic neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
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7
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Polachini CRN, Spanevello RM, Schetinger MRC, Morsch VM. Cholinergic and purinergic systems: A key to multiple sclerosis? J Neurol Sci 2018; 392:8-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Adzic M, Nedeljkovic N. Unveiling the Role of Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase/CD73 in Astrocyte Migration by Using Pharmacological Tools. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:153. [PMID: 29545748 PMCID: PMC5837971 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73 is a bifunctional glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein which functions as ecto-5′-nucleotidase and a membrane receptor for extracellular matrix protein (ECM). A large body of evidence demonstrates a critical involvement of altered purine metabolism and particularly, increased expression of CD73 in a number of human disorders, including cancer and immunodeficiency. Massive up-regulation of CD73 was also found in reactive astrocytes in several experimental models of human neuropathologies. In all the pathological contexts studied so far, the increased expression of CD73 has been associated with the altered ability of cells to adhere and/or migrate. Thus, we hypothesized that increased expression of CD73 in reactive astrocytes has a role in the process of astrocyte adhesion and migration. In the present study, the involvement of CD73 in astrocyte migration was investigated in the scratch wound assay (SW), using primary astrocyte culture prepared from neonatal rat cortex. The cultures were treated with one of the following pharmacological inhibitors which preferentially target individual functions of CD73: (a) α,β-methylene ADP (APCP), which inhibits the catalytic activity of CD73 (b) polyclonal anti-CD73 antibodies, which bind to the internal epitope of CD73 molecule and mask their surface exposure and (c) small interfering CD73-RNA (siCD73), which silences the expression of CD73 gene. It was concluded that approaches that reduce surface expression of CD73 increase migration velocity and promote wound closure in the scratch wound assay, while inhibition of the enzyme activity by APCP induces redistribution of CD73 molecules at the cell surface, thus indirectly affecting cell adhesion and migration. Application of anti-CD73 antibodies induces a decrease in CD73 activity and membrane expression, through CD73 molecules shedding and their release to the culture media. In addition, all applied pharmacological inhibitors differentially affect other aspects of astrocyte function in vitro, including reduced cell proliferation, altered expression of adenosine receptors and increased expression of ERK1/2. Altogether these data imply that CD73 participates in cell adhesion/migration and transmits extracellular signals through interactions with ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Adzic
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Centre for Laser Microscopy, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Stefanović B, Đurić O, Stanković S, Mijatović S, Doklestić K, Stefanović B, Jovanović B, Marjanović N, Kalezić N. Elevated Serum Protein S100B and Neuron Specific Enolase Values as Predictors of Early Neurological Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury. J Med Biochem 2017; 36:314-321. [PMID: 30581328 PMCID: PMC6294083 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of our study was to determine the serum concentrations of protein S100B and neuron specific enolase (NSE) as well as their ability and accuracy in the prediction of early neurological outcome after a traumatic brain injury. METHODS A total of 130 polytraumatized patients with the associated traumatic brain injuries were included in this prospective cohort study. Serum protein S100B and NSE levels were measured at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the injury. Early neurological outcome was scored by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) on day 14 after the brain injury. RESULTS The protein S100B concentrations were maximal at 6 hours after the injury, which was followed by an abrupt fall, and subsequently slower release in the following two days with continual and significantly increased values (p<0.0001) in patients with poor outcome. Secondary increase in protein S100B at 72 hours was recorded in patients with lethal outcome (GOS 1). Dynamics of NSE changes was characterized by a secondary increase in concentrations at 72 hours after the injury in patients with poor outcome. CONCLUSION Both markers have good predictive ability for poor neurological outcome, although NSE provides better discriminative potential at 72 hours after the brain injury, while protein S100B has better discriminative potential for mortality prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislava Stefanović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Đurić
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stanković
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srđan Mijatović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Krstina Doklestić
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Stefanović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Jovanović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Marjanović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kalezić
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinic for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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10
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Burnstock G. Purinergic Signalling: Therapeutic Developments. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:661. [PMID: 28993732 PMCID: PMC5622197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling, i.e., the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines were cloned and characterised, which includes four subtypes of the P1 (adenosine) receptor, seven subtypes of P2X ion channel receptors and 8 subtypes of the P2Y G protein-coupled receptor. Early studies were largely concerned with the physiology, pharmacology and biochemistry of purinergic signalling. More recently, the focus has been on the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. There was early recognition of the use of P1 receptor agonists for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and A2A receptor antagonists are promising for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clopidogrel, a P2Y12 antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of thrombosis and stroke, blocking P2Y12 receptor-mediated platelet aggregation. Diquafosol, a long acting P2Y2 receptor agonist, is being used for the treatment of dry eye. P2X3 receptor antagonists have been developed that are orally bioavailable and stable in vivo and are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic cough, bladder incontinence, visceral pain and hypertension. Antagonists to P2X7 receptors are being investigated for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Other investigations are in progress for the use of purinergic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, irritable bowel syndrome, epilepsy, atherosclerosis, depression, autism, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical SchoolLondon, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, MelbourneVIC, Australia
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