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Abril AG, Calo-Mata P, Villa TG, Böhme K, Barros-Velázquez J, Sánchez-Pérez Á, Pazos M, Carrera M. Comprehensive shotgun proteomic characterization and virulence factors of seafood spoilage bacteria. Food Chem 2024; 448:139045. [PMID: 38537549 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
This article summarizes the characterization, by shotgun proteomics, of 11 bacterial strains identified as responsible for seafood spoilage. A total of 4455 peptide spectrum matches, corresponding to 4299 peptides and 3817 proteins were identified. Analyses of data determined the functional pathways they are involved in. The proteins identified were integrated into a protein-protein network that involves 371 nodes and 3016 edges. Those proteins are implicated in energy pathways, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, spermidine/putrescine metabolism. An additional 773 peptides were characterized as virulence factors, that participates in bacterial pathogenesis; while 14 peptides were defined as biomarkers, as they can be used to differentiate the bacterial species present. This report represents the most extensive proteomic repository available in the field of seafood spoilage bacteria; the data substantially advances the understanding of seafood decay, as well as provides fundamental bases for the recognition of the bacteria existent in seafood that cause spoilage during food processing/storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Abril
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Department of Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, 15898 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Pilar Calo-Mata
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Lugo, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Food Technology Division, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Tomás G Villa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, 15898 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Karola Böhme
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Lugo, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Food Technology Division, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Jorge Barros-Velázquez
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Lugo, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Food Technology Division, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Sánchez-Pérez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Manuel Pazos
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Department of Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Department of Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain.
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2
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Pękala-Safińska A, Nadolna-Ałtyn K, Różycki M, Paździor E, Cencek T, Podolska M. Microbiological analysis of skin lesions of cod (Gadus morhua) from the southern part of the Baltic Sea. J Vet Res 2024; 68:79-92. [PMID: 38525229 PMCID: PMC10960334 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the middle of the 1980s, severe skin disorders have been observed in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) each year. Available data on the spectrum of bacteria isolated from the clinical cases being limited, and evaluation of the microbial background of fish skin lesions being useful, a bacteriological examination has been undertaken. Material and Methods A total of 1,381 cod were caught during two voyages of the Baltica research vessel in the Polish exclusive economic zone of the southern Baltic Sea. After an examination which found lesions in 164 of the fish, a microbiological analysis was performed to isolate bacteria from them. The collected strains were phenotyped and genotyped, and their antimicrobial resistance was analysed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) techniques. Results Bacteriological examinations provided 850 isolates. The dominant microorganisms were mesophilic Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Shewanella baltica. Opportunistic bacteria potentially hazardous to human health were also isolated, e.g. Alcaligenes faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Vibrio sp. The MIC analysis determined the highest number of bacteria to resist sulphamethoxazole and amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Conclusion Most of the collected bacteria were opportunistic pathogens for fish, widespread in the aquatic environment, and potentially threatening to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pękala-Safińska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nadolna-Ałtyn
- Department of Fisheries Resources, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 81-332Gdynia, Poland
| | - Mirosław Różycki
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Paździor
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Puławy, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cencek
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Disease, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Puławy, Poland
| | - Magdalena Podolska
- Department of Fisheries Resources, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 81-332Gdynia, Poland
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3
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Işık S, Çiçek S. Impacts of high-dose riboflavin on cytotoxicity, antioxidant, growth, reproductive gene expressions, and genotoxicity in the rainbow trout gonadal cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 94:105730. [PMID: 37944868 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2 found in food) is a precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which study as coenzymes for a variety of cellular processes including biosynthesis, homocysteine metabolism, detoxification, and various oxidation and reduction reactions. Although studies on the symptoms resulting from riboflavin deficiency are intense, studies on the effects of high doses of riboflavin are almost absent. This report aimed to examine the actions of riboflavin on cell viability, the transcriptional expressions of antioxidant enzyme (gsr and gpx1a), growth (gh1, igf1, and igf2), the reproductive (bol) genes and DNA damage in the rainbow trout gonad cells (RTG-2) for 48 h. All concentrations of riboflavin (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM) significantly reduced the RTG-2 cell viability. Riboflavin (LD50: 12.5 μM) significantly downregulated the transcriptional expressions of gpx1a, igf1, and bol genes, while it non-significantly upregulated or downregulated the transcriptional expression of gsr, igf2, and gh1 genes in the RTG-2 cells in comparison to the control group for 48 h. The comet assay demonstrated that riboflavin significantly raised tail DNA% >10% DMSO (positive control). Based on the outcomes, high doses of riboflavin exhibit the potential to have a role in cellular mechanisms, including especially reproduction, DNA damage, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Işık
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25400, Turkey
| | - Semra Çiçek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25400, Turkey.
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4
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García-Márquez J, Rico RM, Acién FG, Mancera JM, Figueroa FL, Vizcaíno AJ, Alarcón FJ, Moriñigo MÁ, Abdala-Díaz RT. Dietary Effects of a Short-Term Administration of Microalgae Blend on Growth Performance, Tissue Fatty Acids, and Predominant Intestinal Microbiota in Sparus aurata. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020463. [PMID: 36838428 PMCID: PMC9959988 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the potential of microalgae as new aquafeed ingredients, this study focuses on using a blend of microalgae, Tisochrysis lutea, Nannochloropsis gaditana, and Scenedesmus almeriensis, as a dietary ingredient for feeding Sparus aurata juveniles. The growth performance, carcass composition, tissue fatty acid profile, and intestinal microbiota were evaluated after a 30 day-feeding period. A microalgae-free diet was used as control, and three experimental diets were formulated containing 5%, 15%, and 25% of the microalgae blend (MB-5%, MB-15%, and MB-25%, respectively). After 7, 15, and 30 days of feeding experimental diets, biological samples were taken. Growth performance and nutrient utilization were not significantly modified at the end of the experiment. Microalgae inclusion tended to decrease body lipids and affected the fatty acid profile, especially MB-25 diet increased DHA levels. Diet MB-25 promoted appropriate microbial diversity, favoring the presence of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, and significantly influencing the fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in fish. In conclusion, using a short pulse of dietary administration of 25% microalgal blend in S. aurata modulates the intestinal microbiota and lipid composition while maintaining growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Márquez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa María Rico
- Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Gabriel Acién
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Almería, Ceimar-Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Ceimar-Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Félix L. Figueroa
- Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Vizcaíno
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, Ceimar-Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, Ceimar-Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberto Teófilo Abdala-Díaz
- Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Topić Popović N, Kazazić S, Bilić B, Babić S, Bojanić K, Bujak M, Tartaro Bujak I, Jadan M, Strunjak-Perović I, Kepec S, Čož-Rakovac R. Shewanella spp. from wastewater treatment plant-affected environment: isolation and characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:82986-83003. [PMID: 35761132 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria from the genus Shewanella are inhabitants of marine and freshwater ecosystems, recognized fish spoilage bacteria, but less known as fish disease agents. Shewanella spp. isolated from fish living in waters close to effluents of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were not previously characterized. We have tested Shewanella isolates from WWTP-affected waters and related fish. Genotypic characterization identified most strains as S. baltica and S. oneidensis. In order to investigate the sensibility and accuracy of their MALDI-TOF MS identification, they were grown on two culture media enriched by various NaCl concentrations, incubated at different temperatures and duration. We analyzed their antimicrobial susceptibility on a panel of antimicrobial drugs and capacity for biofilm production. With a view to demonstrate their capacity to produce fatty acids, we assessed the impact of different culture media on their lipid profile. We performed zebrafish embryotoxicity tests to simulate the environmental infection of the earliest life stages in S. baltica-contaminated waters. The best MALDI-TOF MS identification scores were for strains cultivated on TSA for 24 h at 22 °C and with supplementation of 1.5% NaCl. Less than 17% of isolates demonstrated antimicrobial resistance. Most isolates were weak biofilm producers. Strain-to-strain variation of MIC and MBC was low. The major fatty acids were C15:0, C16:0, C16:1, C17:1, and iC15:0. Exposure of Danio rerio to different S. baltica concentrations induced severe effects on zebrafish development: decreased heartbeat rate, locomotor activity, and melanin pigmentation. S. baltica passed through chorionic pores of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Topić Popović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Kazazić
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Functional Proteomics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Branka Bilić
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Functional Proteomics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Babić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Bojanić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maro Bujak
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tartaro Bujak
- Radiation Chemistry and Dosimetry Laboratory, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Margita Jadan
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivančica Strunjak-Perović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slavko Kepec
- Virkom d.o.o., Public Water Supply and Wastewater Services, 33 000, Virovitica, Croatia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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6
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Domínguez-Maqueda M, Pérez-Gómez O, Grande-Pérez A, Esteve C, Seoane P, Tapia-Paniagua ST, Balebona MC, Moriñigo MA. Pathogenic strains of Shewanella putrefaciens contain plasmids that are absent in the probiotic strain Pdp11. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14248. [PMID: 36312754 PMCID: PMC9610664 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 is a strain described as a probiotic for use in aquaculture. However, S. putrefaciens includes strains reported to be pathogenic or saprophytic to fish. Although the probiotic trait has been related to the presence of a group of genes in its genome, the existence of plasmids that could determine the probiotic or pathogenic character of this bacterium is unknown. In the present work, we searched for plasmids in several strains of S. putrefaciens that differ in their pathogenic and probiotic character. Under the different conditions tested, plasmids were only found in two of the five pathogenic strains, but not in the probiotic strain nor in the two saprophytic strains tested. Using a workflow integrating Sanger and Illumina reads, the complete consensus sequences of the plasmids were obtained. Plasmids differed in one ORF and encoded a putative replication initiator protein of the repB family, as well as proteins related to plasmid stability and a toxin-antitoxin system. Phylogenetic analysis showed some similarity to functional repB proteins of other Shewanella species. The implication of these plasmids in the probiotic or pathogenic nature of S. putrefaciens is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Grande-Pérez
- Área de Genética, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain,Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Consuelo Esteve
- Departmento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Seoane
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain,Departmento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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7
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Perry EK, Meirelles LA, Newman DK. From the soil to the clinic: the impact of microbial secondary metabolites on antibiotic tolerance and resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:129-142. [PMID: 34531577 PMCID: PMC8857043 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00620-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites profoundly affect microbial physiology, metabolism and stress responses. Increasing evidence suggests that these molecules can modulate microbial susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics; however, secondary metabolites are typically excluded from standard antimicrobial susceptibility assays. This may in part account for why infections by diverse opportunistic bacteria that produce secondary metabolites often exhibit discrepancies between clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing results and clinical treatment outcomes. In this Review, we explore which types of secondary metabolite alter antimicrobial susceptibility, as well as how and why this phenomenon occurs. We discuss examples of molecules that opportunistic and enteric pathogens either generate themselves or are exposed to from their neighbours, and the nuanced impacts these molecules can have on tolerance and resistance to certain antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Perry
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lucas A Meirelles
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dianne K Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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8
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Qasim MS, Lampi M, Heinonen MMK, Garrido-Zabala B, Bamford DH, Käkelä R, Roine E, Sarin LP. Cold-Active Shewanella glacialimarina TZS-4 T nov. Features a Temperature-Dependent Fatty Acid Profile and Putative Sialic Acid Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:737641. [PMID: 34659168 PMCID: PMC8519357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.737641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of genus Shewanella are among the most frequently identified psychrotrophic bacteria. Here, we have studied the cellular properties, growth dynamics, and stress conditions of cold-active Shewanella strain #4, which was previously isolated from Baltic Sea ice. The cells are rod-shaped of ~2μm in length and 0.5μm in diameter, and they grow between 0 and 25°C, with an optimum at 15°C. The bacterium grows at a wide range of conditions, including 0.5–5.5% w/v NaCl (optimum 0.5–2% w/v NaCl), pH 5.5–10 (optimum pH 7.0), and up to 1mM hydrogen peroxide. In keeping with its adaptation to cold habitats, some polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as stearidonic acid (18:4n-3), eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4n-3), and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), are produced at a higher level at low temperature. The genome is 4,456kb in size and has a GC content of 41.12%. Uniquely, strain #4 possesses genes for sialic acid metabolism and utilizes N-acetyl neuraminic acid as a carbon source. Interestingly, it also encodes for cytochrome c3 genes, which are known to facilitate environmental adaptation, including elevated temperatures and exposure to UV radiation. Phylogenetic analysis based on a consensus sequence of the seven 16S rRNA genes indicated that strain #4 belongs to genus Shewanella, closely associated with Shewanella aestuarii with a ~97% similarity, but with a low DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) level of ~21%. However, average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis defines strain #4 as a separate Shewanella species (ANI score=76). Further phylogenetic analysis based on the 92 most conserved genes places Shewanella strain #4 into a distinct phylogenetic clade with other cold-active marine Shewanella species. Considering the phylogenetic, phenotypic, and molecular characterization, we conclude that Shewanella strain #4 is a novel species and name it Shewanella glacialimarina sp. nov. TZS-4T, where glacialimarina means sea ice. Consequently, S. glacialimarina TZS-4T constitutes a promising model for studying transcriptional and translational regulation of cold-active metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman Qasim
- RNAcious Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Doctoral Programme in Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirka Lampi
- RNAcious Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna-Maria K Heinonen
- RNAcious Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Berta Garrido-Zabala
- RNAcious Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dennis H Bamford
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit HiLIPID, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Roine
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,The Laboratory of Structural Biology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif Peter Sarin
- RNAcious Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Abstract
<abstract>
<p>Digital holographic microscopy provides the ability to observe throughout a large volume without refocusing. This capability enables simultaneous observations of large numbers of microorganisms swimming in an essentially unconstrained fashion. However, computational tools for tracking large 4D datasets remain lacking. In this paper, we examine the errors introduced by tracking bacterial motion as 2D projections vs. 3D volumes under different circumstances: bacteria free in liquid media and bacteria near a glass surface. We find that while XYZ speeds are generally equal to or larger than XY speeds, they are still within empirical uncertainties. Additionally, when studying dynamic surface behavior, the Z coordinate cannot be neglected.</p>
</abstract>
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10
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Sirri R, Mandrioli L, Zamparo S, Errani F, Volpe E, Tura G, Barbé T, Ciulli S. Swim Bladder Disorders in Koi Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111974. [PMID: 33126455 PMCID: PMC7692175 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Physostomous fish like cyprinids possess a swim bladder with a pneumatic duct in connection with the foregut, permitting the gas to enter into or be released through the alimentary canal. Due to this peculiar anatomic structure, bacteria and mycetes can potentially ascend the duct and colonize the swim-bladder. Besides inflammatory reactions, other swim bladder disorders include fluid accumulation, collapse, overinflation, and herniation. These swim bladder disorders and consequent buoyancy problems can be encountered in ornamental fish. Nonetheless, details about comprehensive disease management are poorly represented in the koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) literature. A clinical–pathological and microbiological investigation was performed in nine koi carp presenting abdominal swelling and abnormal swimming behavior. Swim bladder deformation, accumulation of clear fluid within the swim bladder, chronic aerocystitis, and bacteria identified as Aeromonas hydrophila/caviae group and Shewanella xiamenensis were the main findings. A wide range of sensitivity was shown to antimicrobials for isolated S. xiamemensis strains. Accordingly, antibiotic treatment succeeded in the full recovery of three cases in which S. xiamemensis infection was detected. Along with these results, the contribution of this study to the scientific field is to document a multidisciplinary clinical–pathological and microbiological investigation of these animals, which are rightly considered pets and should be similarly approached. Abstract Swim bladder disorders and consequent buoyancy problems are encountered in ornamental fish, including koi carp. Nevertheless, beyond clinical and pharmacological management, they are largely underdiagnosed. In this study, nine koi carp showing abdominal swelling and abnormal swimming behavior were investigated. Clinical approach, varying from case to case, included ultrasonographic and X-ray investigations, bacteriological analysis of the collected fluid, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and possibly histological analysis. Diagnostic imaging, corroborating gross examination, documented swim bladder deformation/dislocation and serous fluid within the swim bladder chambers of most animals. Bacteria belonging to the Aeromonas hydrophila/caviae group and Shewanella xiamenensis were identified. S. xiamenensis strains showed a sensibility to all tested molecules except for one strain, which was resistant to tetracycline and cyprofloxacin. Antibiotic treatment succeeded in the full recovery of three cases in which S. xiamemensis infection was detected. Chronic aerocystitis was histologically documented where tissue was available. The swim bladder histopathological findings highlighted a chronic process that had compromised the quality of life of the animals. A multidisciplinary clinical–pathological and microbiological approach is highly suggested to recognize swim bladder conditions as early as possible, aiming to drive medical intervention and raising the chances of fish survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Sirri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Luciana Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Samuele Zamparo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Errani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Enrico Volpe
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Giorgia Tura
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Tim Barbé
- DAP Tim Barbe and an der Steenstraat 45, 1750 Lennik (Vlaams-Brabant), Belgium;
| | - Sara Ciulli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences—Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (R.S.); (S.Z.); (F.E.); (E.V.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
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