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Zhao M, Wang X, He J, Zhou K, Xie M, Ding H. Serovar and sequence type distribution and phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella originating from pet animals in Chongqing, China. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0354223. [PMID: 38757951 PMCID: PMC11218468 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03542-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A total of 334 Salmonella isolates were recovered from 6,223 pet rectal samples collected at 50 pet clinics, 42 pet shops, 7 residential areas, and 4 plazas. Forty serovars were identified that included all strains except for one isolate that did not cluster via self-agglutination, with Salmonella Typhimurium monophasic variant, Salmonella Kentucky, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Pomona, and Salmonella Give being the predominant serovars. Fifty-one sequence types were identified among the isolates, and ST198, ST11, ST19, ST451, ST34, and ST155 were the most common. The top four dominant antimicrobials to which isolates were resistant were sulfisoxazole, ampicillin, doxycycline, and tetracycline, and 217 isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The prevalence of β-lactamase genes in Salmonella isolates was 59.6%, and among these isolates, 185 harbored blaTEM, followed by blaCTX-M (66) and blaOXA (10). Moreover, six PMQR genes, namely, including qnrA (4.8%), qnrB (4.2%), qnrD (0.9%), qnrS (18.9%), aac(6')-Ib-cr (16.5%), and oqxB (1.5%), were detected. QRDR mutations (76.6%) were very common in Salmonella isolates, with the most frequent mutation in parC (T57S) (47.3%). Furthermore, we detected six tetracycline resistance genes in 176 isolates, namely, tet(A) (39.5%), tet(B) (8.1%), tet(M) (7.7%), tet(D) (5.4%), tet(J) (3.3%), and tet(C) (1.8%), and three sulfonamide resistance genes in 303 isolates, namely, sul1 (84.4%), sul2 (31.1%), and sul3 (4.2%). Finally, we found 86 isolates simultaneously harboring four types of resistance genes that cotransferred 2-7 resistance genes to recipient bacteria. The frequent occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, particularly in dogs and cats, suggests that antibiotic misuse may be driving multidrug-resistant Salmonella among pets.IMPORTANCEPet-associated human salmonellosis has been reported for many years, and antimicrobial resistance in pet-associated Salmonella has become a serious public health problem and has attracted increasing attention. There are no reports of Salmonella from pets and their antimicrobial resistance in Chongqing, China. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, serovar diversity, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella strains isolated from pet fecal samples in Chongqing. In addition, β-lactamase, QRDR, PMQR, tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes, and mutations in QRDRs in Salmonella isolates were examined. Our findings demonstrated the diversity of serovars and sequence types of Salmonella isolates. The isolates were widely resistant to antimicrobials, notably with a high proportion of multidrug-resistant strains, which highlights the potential direct or indirect transmission of multidrug-resistant Salmonella from pets to humans. Furthermore, resistance genes were widely prevalent in the isolates, and most of the resistance genes were spread horizontally between strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiawei He
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kexin Zhou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengqi Xie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Honglei Ding
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Karodia AB, Shaik T, Qekwana DN. Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in animal patients and the hospital environment at a veterinary academic hospital in South Africa. Vet World 2024; 17:922-932. [PMID: 38798288 PMCID: PMC11111710 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.922-932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Nosocomial infections caused by Salmonella spp. are common in veterinary facilities. The early identification of high-risk patients and sources of infection is important for mitigating the spread of infections to animal patients and humans. This study investigated the occurrence of Salmonella spp. among patients at a veterinary academic hospital in South Africa. In addition, this study describes the environmental factors that contribute to the spread of Salmonella spp. in the veterinary facility. Materials and Methods This study used a dataset of Salmonella-positive animals and environmental samples submitted to the bacteriology laboratory between 2012 and 2019. The occurrence of Salmonella isolates at the veterinary hospital was described based on source, month, season, year, and location. Proportions and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each variable. Results A total of 715 Salmonella isolates were recorded, of which 67.6% (483/715) came from animals and the remainder (32.4%, 232/715) came from environmental samples. The highest proportion (29.2%) of Salmonella isolates was recorded in 2016 and most isolates were reported in November (17.4%). The winter season had the lowest (14.6%) proportion of isolates reported compared to spring (31.3%), summer (27.8%), and autumn (26.4%). Salmonella Typhimurium (20.0%) was the most frequently reported serotype among the samples tested, followed by Salmonella Anatum (11.2%). Among the positive animal cases, most (86.3%) came from equine clinics. Most reported isolates differed based on animal species with S. Typhimurium being common in equines and S. Anatum in bovines. Conclusion In this study, S. Typhimurium emerged as the predominant strain in animal and environmental samples. Equines were the most affected animals; however, Salmonella serotypes were also detected in the production animals. Environmental contamination was also a major source of Salmonella species in this study. To reduce the risk of transmission, strict infection prevention and control measures (biosecurity) must be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Bibi Karodia
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Veterinary Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Tahiyya Shaik
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Veterinary Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Daniel Nenene Qekwana
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Veterinary Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
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Joachim A, Auersperg V, Drüe J, Wiedermann S, Hinney B, Spergser J. Parasites and zoonotic bacteria in the feces of cats and dogs from animal shelters in Carinthia, Austria. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:105022. [PMID: 37741041 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to their close associations with humans, dogs and cats can be important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens. In the current study 200 fecal samples of dogs (n = 70 samples) and cats (n = 130 samples) from animal shelters in Carinthia, southern Austria, were examined for the presence of parasites (fecal flotation and larval migration assay) and selected bacteria. Overall, 17.1% of the canine and 38.5% of the feline samples were positive for parasites (p < 0.001), most commonly Giardia duodenalis (dogs and cats), including potentially zoonotic genotypes revealed by multilocus genotyping, and Toxocara cati (cats). Cryptosporidium (C. felis), Cystoisospora spp. (dogs and cats), hookworms (dog), Trichuris (dog) Capillaria hepatica (cats), taeniids (cat), and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (cat) were also found. Zoonotic bacteria were detected in 10.5% of the samples, Salmonella enterica (dogs), Campylobacter jejuni (dogs and cats) and Yersinia enterocolitica (cat) and were significantly associated with parasite infections in cats but not in dogs. Samples that were positive for several pathogens were common; especially G. duodenalis and T. cati were frequently found in association with each other, other parasites or bacteria. The spectrum of detected pathogens is comparable to that of other dog and cat populations in central Europe. However, since animals from shelters are frequently rehomed, diagnostic measures, appropriate hygiene and therapy as well as training of shelter staff are recommended to prevent zoonotic transmission of enteropathogens to staff or new owners. The presence of heteroxenic parasites, i.e. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Taenia taeniaeformis, and spurious excretion of Ca. hepatica in cats, indicates that these animals preyed on intermediate hosts, and that biosafety measures in pet shelters need to be evaluated for their efficacy in the prevention of pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Joachim
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Valerie Auersperg
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Joel Drüe
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sandra Wiedermann
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Barbara Hinney
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Marin C, Cerdà-Cuéllar M, Rosario I, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Vega S, Manzanares A, Padilla D, Real F, Rodríguez-Ponce E, Acosta-Hernández B. Impact of genetic diversity and antibiotic-resistance of Salmonella isolated from feral cats: One Health approach. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 101:102043. [PMID: 37690182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Free-living cats usually live in colonies in urban areas, especially close to parks and neighbourhoods where people feed them without any sanitary control. This can pose a human, animal and environmental health concern due to the close contact between uncontrolled colonies, the population and other domestic and/or wild animals. Thus, this study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from feral cats in a previous epidemiological study in the Gran Canaria island (Spain). A total of nineteen Salmonella isolates were obtained from November 2018 to January 2019 in a Salmonella epidemiological study in feral cats. All isolates obtained were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PGFE) and were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, in accordance with Decision 2013/652/EU. PFGE analysis revealed isolates clustering by serovar, with identical clones for serovars Bredeney and Grancanaria, while differing pulsotypes were observed for serovars Florida (88.89 % similarity) and Nima (83.23 % similarity). All but two isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. The results obtained demonstrate that feral cats in the region investigated are a reservoir of Salmonella strains resistant to gentamicin (94.1 %) and of the critically important antimicrobial tigecycline (23.5 %). Hence, they could excrete AMR strains through their faeces and contaminate the environment, favoring the spread of such bacteria to cohabiting pets. Moreover, this widespread presence of AMR Salmonella clones across various serovars highlights the urgent need to implement efficient antimicrobial stewardship and control programs by the local governments due to the ongoing need to protect human and animal health under a One Health concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marin
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
| | - M Cerdà-Cuéllar
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - I Rosario
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - L Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Spain
| | - S Vega
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Spain
| | - A Manzanares
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - D Padilla
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - F Real
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - E Rodríguez-Ponce
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - B Acosta-Hernández
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
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Ting NI, Dang-Xuan S, Gilbert J, Nguyen NTT, Lam S, Nguyen-Viet H. A glance into traditional pig slaughtering practices in Vietnam and opportunities for zoonotic disease prevention. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAfrican swine fever in Vietnam is contributing to existing concerns over zoonotic disease transmission from sick pigs to humans. While slaughterhouses are key sites of occupational hazards to workers and contamination of meat, the specific slaughtering practices contributing to zoonotic occupational and foodborne disease risks remain under-researched. Our objective is to identify and characterize aspects of pig slaughtering processes that contribute to such risks.MethodsWe draw on qualitative observations, photos, and videos from three mobile slaughterhouses and seven abattoirs in Hung Yen, Vietnam.ResultsBased on our analysis, areas likely leading to zoonotic disease risks include slaughtering procedures, personal hygiene of workers, equipment sanitation, and facility sanitation. Within the small-scale swine industry, slaughtering practices are long-standing and difficult to change.ConclusionOur study underscores the importance of hygiene training of workers, improvements to equipment and facilities, and awareness-building activities targeting consumers to reduce the burden of zoonotic disease risks in small-scale pig slaughter settings.
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Mazzotta E, Foiani G, De Benedictis GM, Fiore E, Natale A, Spagnolo E, Vascellari M, Cento G, Corrò M. Salmonella Enteritidis Fatal Septicemia with Meningoencephalitis in a Tiger (Panthera tigris) Cub. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192490. [PMID: 36230231 PMCID: PMC9558993 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 15-day-old, female, captive Panthera tigris cub was hospitalized after developing severe hyperthermia, depression, and lack of appetite. The clinical condition rapidly worsened, and the tiger cub died in 72 h after the onset of neurological symptoms, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The postmortem main gross findings consisted of a severe and diffuse bilateral fibrino-suppurative meningoencephalitis and ventriculitis, mild fibrinous and sero-hemorrhagic polyserositis and cystitis, severe pulmonary edema, and hemorrhages. Microscopically, the meninges, ependyma, and choroid plexuses were diffusely expanded by abundant infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, with multifocal fibrinous exudation. Histiocytic interstitial pneumonia, fibrinous and neutrophilic polyserositis, and pyelocystitis were also observed. Vascular thrombosis with multifocal vasculitis and vascular necrosis were frequently observed. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures performed on the brain, lungs, intestine, kidneys, and in pericardial effusion reported the presence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis. Environmental and nutritional contamination were identified as putative sources of infections. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of Salmonella Enteritidis septicemia with meningoencephalitis in a tiger cub, which highlights the need to further investigate the cause of acute perinatal death to reduce the risk of infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mazzotta
- Diagnostics in Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Greta Foiani
- Specialist Diagnostics, Histopathology and Parasitology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Maria De Benedictis
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 12, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 12, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alda Natale
- Diagnostics in Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Elena Spagnolo
- Diagnostics in Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Specialist Diagnostics, Histopathology and Parasitology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Cento
- WOAH and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Michela Corrò
- Diagnostics in Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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Li L, Olsen RH, Xiao J, Meng H, Peng S, Shi L. Genetic context of blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1 genes in a foodborne Salmonella enterica serotype Saintpaul isolate from China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:899062. [PMID: 36016792 PMCID: PMC9396133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.899062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica resistant to fluoroquinolones (FQs) and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) has been deemed a high-priority pathogen by the WHO. Salmonella enterica serovar Saintpaul (S. Saintpaul) co-resistant to ESCs and FQs and harboring corresponding resistance genes (blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1) have been previously reported. However, they have not been reported in China. Moreover, the genetic context and transferability of ESCs and FQs resistance genes in S. Saintpaul remain obscure. This study is the first study to characterize a multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Saintpaul isolate (16Sal016) harboring plasmid-mediated blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1 genes recovered from weever fish in China. The whole genome short- and long-read sequencing results identified the presence of 15 acquired antibiotic resistance genes encoding resistance to nine classes of antibiotics, as well as abundant mobile genetic elements residing on a 259,529 bp IncHI2 plasmid. The blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1 genes were located in a 12,865 bp region, IS26-orf-orf-ISKpn19-qnrS1-IS3-Tn3-orf-blaCTX–M–55-ISEc9-orf-IS26. Similar structures have been identified in various bacterial species, indicating a high transferability of blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1 genes within this gene cluster. The plasmid was found to be transferable to Escherichia coli (E. coli) J53 by conjugation and resulted in the acquisition of multiple resistances by the transconjugants. Genome sequence comparisons by core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) based on global 2,947 S. Saintpaul isolates indicated that strain 16Sal016 was epidemiologically linked with an isolate from the United Kingdom (UK). Our findings suggest that plasmids and IS26-mediated mobile genetic elements are carriers of blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1 genes in S. Saintpaul, and highlight their potential transmission, which needs continuous investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rikke Heidemann Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jian Xiao
- Guangzhou Food Inspection Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hecheng Meng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hecheng Meng,
| | - Shifu Peng
- Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Shifu Peng,
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Rosario I, Calcines MI, Rodríguez-Ponce E, Déniz S, Real F, Vega S, Marin C, Padilla D, Martín JL, Acosta-Hernández B. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes isolated for the first time in feral cats: the impact on public health. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 84:101792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dégi J, Imre K, Herman V, Bucur I, Radulov I, Petrec OC, Cristina RT. Antimicrobial Drug-Resistant Salmonella in Urban Cats: Is There an Actual Risk to Public Health? Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111404. [PMID: 34827342 PMCID: PMC8615022 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in the faeces of client-owned cats in urban areas and to evaluate the risk that is posed to public health. Fresh faecal samples were collected directly from the rectums from 53 diarrhoeic and 32 non-diarrhoeic cats. The samples were individually screened for the presence of Salmonella spp. using standard methods and, in the case of positive findings, the resulting typical colonies were then biochemically confirmed using the VITEK®2 automated system. Subsequently, all of the Salmonella spp. isolates were molecularly tested for the presence of the invA gene. All of the isolates were serotyped using the slide agglutination technique according to the White–Kauffmann–Le Minor scheme. The phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolated strains was obtained from the VITEK®2 system using specific cards from the Gram-negative bacteria. A total of 16 of the samples (18.82%) tested positive for Salmonella spp. according to conventional and molecular testing methods. Serotyping of the Salmonella isolates showed the presence of three serotypes, namely S. enteritidis (n = 9; 56.3%), S. typhimurium (n = 4; 25%), and S. kentucky (n = 3; 18.8%). All of the tested strains showed strong resistance towards cefazolin, cefepime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone. Additionally, resistance (listed in descending order of strength) was observed to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (11/16; 68.8%), ampicillin (10/16; 62.5%), ampicillin/sulbactam (9/16; 56.3%), gentamicin (9/16; 56.3%), nitrofurantoin (8/16; 50.0%), and amikacin (5/16; 31.3%). No resistance was expressed against ciprofloxacin, ertapenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and tobramycin. The results of this study highlight a substantial public health issue and medical concern, especially in vulnerable people, such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Dégi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timișoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (V.H.); (I.B.); (O.-C.P.); (R.T.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (K.I.); Tel.: +40-767-089-041 (J.D.); +40-742-502-626 (K.I.)
| | - Kálmán Imre
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timișoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (V.H.); (I.B.); (O.-C.P.); (R.T.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (K.I.); Tel.: +40-767-089-041 (J.D.); +40-742-502-626 (K.I.)
| | - Viorel Herman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timișoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (V.H.); (I.B.); (O.-C.P.); (R.T.C.)
| | - Iulia Bucur
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timișoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (V.H.); (I.B.); (O.-C.P.); (R.T.C.)
| | - Isidora Radulov
- Faculty of Agriculture, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timișoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Oana-Cătălina Petrec
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timișoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (V.H.); (I.B.); (O.-C.P.); (R.T.C.)
| | - Romeo Teodor Cristina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timișoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timișoara, Romania; (V.H.); (I.B.); (O.-C.P.); (R.T.C.)
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Molecular characterisation of antimicrobial resistance determinants and class 1 integrons of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Enteritidis strains from retail food in China. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dróżdż M, Małaszczuk M, Paluch E, Pawlak A. Zoonotic potential and prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from pets. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2021; 11:1975530. [PMID: 34531964 PMCID: PMC8439213 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2021.1975530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a global health problem, affecting approximately 1.3 billion people annually. Most of these cases are related to food contamination. However, although the majority of Salmonella serovars are pathogenic to humans, animals can be asymptomatic carriers of these bacteria. Nowadays, a wide range of animals is present in human households as pets, including reptiles, amphibians, dogs, cats, ornamental birds, and rodents. Pets contaminate the environment of their owners by shedding the bacteria intermittently in their feaces. In consequence, theyare thought to cause salmonellosis through pet-to-human transmission. Each Salmonella serovar has a different zoonotic potential, which is strongly regulated by stress factors such as transportation, crowding, food deprivation, or temperature. In this review, we summarize the latest reports concerning Salmonella-prevalence and distribution in pets as well as the risk factors and means of prevention of human salmonellosis caused by contact with their pets. Our literature analysis (based on PubMed and Google Scholar databases) is limited to the distribution of Salmonella serovars found in commonly owned pet species. We collected the recent results of studies concerning testing for Salmonella spp. in biological samples, indicating their prevalence in pets, with regard to clinical cases of human salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dróżdż
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Rna Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Emil Paluch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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