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Larrán B, Loste A, Borobia M, Miranda M, López-Alonso M, Herrero-Latorre C, Marca MC, Orjales I. Trace element status in canine endocrine diseases. Res Vet Sci 2024; 174:105309. [PMID: 38781816 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A balanced trace element status is essential for the optimal functioning of all organisms. However, their concentrations are often altered in diverse medical conditions. This study investigated the trace element profiles in plasma samples of dogs with endocrine diseases and used chemometric techniques to explore their associations with biochemical data. Thirteen elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) were measured in 40 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), 29 dogs with diabetes mellitus (DM), 11 dogs with hypothyroidism (HT) and 30 control dogs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistically significant differences were observed for As, Cu, Mo, Se and Zn. In comparison with the control group, the HT patients had higher As and lower Se levels, while the HAC group had higher concentrations of Mo. All three disease groups had higher Cu and Zn concentrations than the control group, with the DM group having higher Cu concentrations and the HAC group higher Zn concentrations than the other endocrinopathy groups. The chemometric analysis revealed distinctive association patterns for discriminating each pathology group and the control group. Moreover, the analysis revealed the following associations: Mo with glucose levels and Cu with fructosamine levels in the DM group, As with cortisol levels in the HAC group, and Se with TT4 levels and As with TSH levels in the HT group. The study findings provide valuable insights into the complex relationships between trace elements and endocrinopathies, elucidating the associations with biochemical markers in these diseases. Larger-scale studies are necessary to fully understand the observed relationships and explore the potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Larrán
- Departamento de Patoloxía animal, Facultade de Veterinaria, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina, Facultade de Veterinaria, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Araceli Loste
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Borobia
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Miranda
- Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina, Facultade de Veterinaria, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultade de Veterinaria, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Marta López-Alonso
- Departamento de Patoloxía animal, Facultade de Veterinaria, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Herrero-Latorre
- Instituto de Investigación en Análises Químicas e Biolóxicas, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición e Bromatoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - M Carmen Marca
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Orjales
- Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina, Facultade de Veterinaria, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultade de Veterinaria, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Razavi SM, Soltan MS, Abbasian K, Karami A, Nazifi S. Host oxidative stress in piroplasmosis: A review in domestic animals. Vet Parasitol 2023; 322:110011. [PMID: 37643565 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Piroplasmida is an order of economically important blood parasites, including Babesia, Theileria, and Cytauxzoon, transmitted to mammals by ticks. Oxidative stress is a state in which the balance between oxidants and antioxidants is disturbed so that antioxidants cannot compensate for the harmful effects of oxidants. Due to the high concentration of oxygen and hemoglobin in red blood cells (RBCs), these are among the first cells exposed to oxidative damage. When RBCs are exposed to oxidative stress, their hemoglobin is oxidized, and lipid peroxidation leads to membrane instability, deformation, hemolysis, and anemia. Oxidative stress has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of these parasites. In the present review article, we collected studies on the oxidative stress caused by Piroplasmida in domestic animals. What is obtained from the total review of studies conducted on piroplasmosis revealed that in these infections, the host faces oxidative stress, and the resultant oxidative injury plays a fundamental role in their pathogenicity. Further studies are needed to be carried out on the more precise role of oxidative stress, the use of more sensitive diagnostic biomarkers, and the possible therapeutic role of antioxidant agents in piroplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Razavi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sajjad Soltan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kiarash Abbasian
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Karami
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Pathogenesis of Anemia in Canine Babesiosis: Possible Contribution of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines-A Review. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020166. [PMID: 36839438 PMCID: PMC9962459 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne protozoan disease caused by intraerythrocytic parasites of the genus Babesia. The infection may lead to anemia in infected dogs. However, anemia is not directly caused by the pathogen. The parasite's developmental stages only have a marginal role in contributing to a decreased red blood cell (RBC) count. The main cause of anemia in affected dogs is the immune response to the infection. This response includes antibody production, erythrophagocytosis, oxidative damage of RBCs, complement activation, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Moreover, both infected and uninfected erythrocytes are retained in the spleen and sequestered in micro-vessels. All these actions are driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, especially IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Additionally, imbalance between the actions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines plays a role in patho-mechanisms leading to anemia in canine babesiosis. This article is a review of the studies on the pathogenesis of anemia in canine babesiosis and related diseases, such as bovine or murine babesiosis and human or murine malaria, and the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the mechanisms leading to anemia in infected dogs.
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Weingart C, Helm CS, Müller E, Schäfer I, Skrodzki M, von Samson‐Himmelstjerna G, Krücken J, Kohn B. Autochthonous Babesia canis infections in 49 dogs in Germany. Vet Med (Auckl) 2023; 37:140-149. [PMID: 36629833 PMCID: PMC9889677 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector-borne diseases are of increasing importance in Germany. Since 2015, autochthonous cases have been increasingly documented in Berlin/Brandenburg. OBJECTIVES Describe autochthonous Babesia canis infection in the Berlin/Brandenburg region. ANIMALS Forty-nine dogs with autochthonous B. canis infection. METHODS Evaluation of history, clinical signs, laboratory abnormalities, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS Dogs were presented between March and August (9) and September and January (40) in the years 2015-2021. Historical and clinical findings were lethargy (100%), pale mucous membranes (63%), fever (50%), and pigmenturia (52%). Common clinicopathological findings were thrombocytopenia (100%), anemia (85%), intravascular hemolysis (52%), pancytopenia (41%), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS; 37%). Babesia detection was based on blood smear evaluation (n = 40) and PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene of piroplasms (n = 49). Sequencing indicated 99.47% to 100% identity to B. canis sequences from GenBank. All dogs were treated with imidocarb (2.4-6.3 mg/kg; median, 5 mg/kg); 8 dogs received 1, 35 received 2, and 1 dog each received 3, 4, or 5 injections, respectively. Continued PCR-positive results were detected in 7 dogs after the 1st, in 5 after the 2nd, in 2 after the 3rd, and in 1 28 days after the 4th injection. Four dogs were euthanized and 3 dogs died. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Autochthonous B. canis infections in Berlin/Brandenburg were associated with severe clinicopathological changes, SIRS, and multiorgan involvement. Testing by PCR during and after treatment is advisable to monitor treatment success. Screening of blood donors in high-risk areas and year-round tick protection is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Weingart
- Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Christina S. Helm
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary MedicineFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Marianne Skrodzki
- Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary MedicineFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Barbara Kohn
- Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
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Groth M, Skrzydlewska E, Dobrzyńska M, Pancewicz S, Moniuszko-Malinowska A. Redox Imbalance and Its Metabolic Consequences in Tick-Borne Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:870398. [PMID: 35937690 PMCID: PMC9353526 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.870398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the growing global health problems are vector-borne diseases, including tick-borne diseases. The most common tick-borne diseases include Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis. Taking into account the metabolic effects in the patient’s body, tick-borne diseases are a significant problem from an epidemiological and clinical point of view. Inflammation and oxidative stress are key elements in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, including tick-borne diseases. In consequence, this leads to oxidative modifications of the structure and function of phospholipids and proteins and results in qualitative and quantitative changes at the level of lipid mediators arising in both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS enzyme–dependent reactions. These types of metabolic modifications affect the functioning of the cells and the host organism. Therefore, links between the severity of the disease state and redox imbalance and the level of phospholipid metabolites are being searched, hoping to find unambiguous diagnostic biomarkers. Assessment of molecular effects of oxidative stress may also enable the monitoring of the disease process and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Groth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Monika Groth,
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Dobrzyńska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Pancewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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González-Arostegui LG, Muñoz-Prieto A, Tvarijonaviciute A, Cerón JJ, Rubio CP. Measurement of Redox Biomarkers in the Whole Blood and Red Blood Cell Lysates of Dogs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020424. [PMID: 35204305 PMCID: PMC8869394 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the biomarkers of oxidative status is usually performed in serum, however, other samples, such as red blood cells (RBCs) lysates or whole blood (WB), can be used. The objective of this study was to evaluate if a comprehensive panel of redox biomarkers can be measured in the WB and RBCs of dogs, and their possible changes “in vitro” after the addition of different concentrations of ascorbic acid. The panel was integrated by biomarkers of the antioxidant status, such as cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiol and paraoxonase type 1 (PON-1), and of the oxidant status, such as total oxidant status (TOS), peroxide-activity (POX-Act), reactive oxygen-derived compounds (d-ROMs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). All the assays were precise and accurate in WB and RBCs lysates. In addition, they showed changes after ascorbic acid addition that are in line with previously published results, being WB more sensitive to detect these changes in our experimental conditions. In conclusion, the panel of assays used in this study can be measured in the WB and RBCs of the dog. In particular, the higher sensitivity to detect changes in our experimental conditions and its easier sample preparation makes WB a promising sample for the evaluation of redox status in dogs, with also potential applications to other animal species and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G. González-Arostegui
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Correspondence:
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