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Ivanov A, Shamagsumova R, Larina M, Evtugyn G. Electrochemical Acetylcholinesterase Sensors for Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Drug Determination. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:93. [PMID: 38392012 PMCID: PMC10886970 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as one of the most common causes of dementia, result in progressive losses of cholinergic neurons and a reduction in the presynaptic markers of the cholinergic system. These consequences can be compensated by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) followed by a decrease in the rate of acetylcholine hydrolysis. For this reason, anticholinesterase drugs with reversible inhibition effects are applied for the administration of neurodegenerative diseases. Their overdosage, variation in efficiency and recommendation of an individual daily dose require simple and reliable measurement devices capable of the assessment of the drug concentration in biological fluids and medications. In this review, the performance of electrochemical biosensors utilizing immobilized cholinesterases is considered to show their advantages and drawbacks in the determination of anticholinesterase drugs. In addition, common drugs applied in treating neurodegenerative diseases are briefly characterized. The immobilization of enzymes, nature of the signal recorded and its dependence on the transducer modification are considered and the analytical characteristics of appropriate biosensors are summarized for donepezil, huperzine A, rivastigmine, eserine and galantamine as common anti-dementia drugs. Finally, the prospects for the application of AChE-based biosensors in clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ivanov
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Rezeda Shamagsumova
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Marina Larina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Gennady Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (R.S.); (G.E.)
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Shoukat S, Zia MA, Uzair M, Attia KA, Abushady AM, Fiaz S, Ali S, Yang SH, Ali GM. Bacopa monnieri: A promising herbal approach for neurodegenerative disease treatment supported by in silico and in vitro research. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21161. [PMID: 37954293 PMCID: PMC10637926 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, caused by progressive neuron loss, are a global health issue. Among the various factors implicated in their pathogenesis, dysregulation of acetylcholinesterase activity has been recognized as a key contributor. Acetylcholinesterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, important for neural transmission. Evaluating phyto-compounds from Bacopa monnieri Linn. through in vitro and in silico analysis may expand their role as alternative therapeutic agents by modulating the function of acetylcholinesterase and complementing existing treatments. To accomplish this objective, chemical structures of phyto-compounds were retrieved from PubChem database and subjected to in silico and in vitro approaches. Virtual screening was performed through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation resulting in four top hit compounds including quercetin, apigenin, wogonin, and bacopaside X (novel lead compound for acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) with least binding score. Further, dose dependent acetylcholinesterase inhibition biochemical assay depicted that bacopaside X, apigenin, quercetin, and wogonin exhibited strong potential against acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 12.78 μM, 13.83 μM, 12.73 μM and 15.48 μM respectively, in comparison with the donepezil (IC50: 0.0204 μM). The in silico and in vitro research suggests that B. monnieri phyto-compounds have the potential to modulate molecular targets associated with neurodegenerative diseases and have a role in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Shoukat
- Department of Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, PARC Institute of Advance Studies in Agriculture Research, Affiliated with Quaid-e-Azam University, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amir Zia
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kotb A. Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M. Abushady
- Biotechnology School, Nile University, 26th of July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, 12588, Egypt
- Department of Genetics, Agriculture College, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Haripur, 22620 Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
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Al-Badry SH, Ibrahim NG, AlMashhadani HA, Kadhim MM. THE ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:951-955. [PMID: 37326075 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202305110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To study the role of oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: By evaluating MDA and GSH in the serum, we tried to find out how oxidative stress affects CKD patients with end-stage renal dysfunction (ESRD). The study included 90 patients with ESRD disease whom were under hemodialysis treatment, and 30 healthy control people. RESULTS Results: Urea, creatinine, and MDA levels were noticeably greater in ESRD patients compared to controls, but GSH levels were noticeably lower. In conclusion, oxidative stress can cause more problems to these patients by its involvement in the appearance of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Furthermore, GSH was reduced significantly in ESRD patients and associated negatively with the level of MDA. This indicates the strong involve¬ment of antioxidants, especially GSH, in the development of oxidative stress in ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad H Al-Badry
- MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION THI-QAR, NASIRIYAH, THI-QAR 64001, IRAQ; COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY, AL-AYEN UNIVERSITY, NASIRIYAH, THI-QAR 64001, IRAQ
| | | | | | - Mustafa M Kadhim
- DEPARTMENT OF DENTISTRY, KUT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, KUT, WASIT, 52001, IRAQ
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Ivanov A, Stoikov D, Shafigullina I, Shurpik D, Stoikov I, Evtugyn G. Flow-Through Acetylcholinesterase Sensor with Replaceable Enzyme Reactor. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090676. [PMID: 36140061 PMCID: PMC9496324 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fast and reliable determination of enzyme inhibitors are of great importance in environmental monitoring and biomedicine because of the high biological activity and toxicity of such species and the necessity of their reliable assessment in many media. In this work, a flow-through biosensor has been developed and produced by 3D printing from poly(lactic acid). Acetylcholinesterase from an electric eel was immobilized on the inner walls of the reactor cell. The concentration of thiocholine formed in enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate was monitored amperometrically with a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with carbon black particles, pillar[5]arene, electropolymerized Methylene blue and thionine. In the presence of thiocholine, the cathodic current at −0.25 V decreased because of an alternative chemical reaction of the macrocycle. The conditions of enzyme immobilization and signal measurements were optimized and the performance of the biosensor was assessed in the determination of reversible (donepezil, berberine) and irreversible (carbofuran) inhibitors. In the optimal conditions, the flow-through biosensor made it possible to determine 1.0 nM–1.0 μM donepezil, 1.0 μM–1.0 mM berberine and 10 nM to 0.1 μM carbofuran. The AChE biosensor was tested on spiked samples of artificial urine for drugs and peanuts for carbofuran. Possible interference of the sample components was eliminated by dilution of the samples with phosphate buffer. Easy mounting, low cost of replaceable parts of the cell and satisfactory analytical and metrological characteristics made the biosensor a promising future application as a point-of-care or point-of-demand device outside of a chemical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ivanov
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(843)-233-74-91
| | - Dmitry Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Insiya Shafigullina
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dmitry Shurpik
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Gennady Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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de Sousa NF, Scotti L, de Moura ÉP, dos Santos Maia M, Soares Rodrigues GC, de Medeiros HIR, Lopes SM, Scotti MT. Computer Aided Drug Design Methodologies with Natural Products in the Drug Research Against Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:857-885. [PMID: 34636299 PMCID: PMC9881095 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211005145952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are compounds isolated from plants that provide a variety of lead structures for the development of new drugs by the pharmaceutical industry. The interest in these substances increases because of their beneficial effects on human health. Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects occur in about 80% of individuals aged 65 years. AD, the most common cause of dementia in elderly people, is characterized by progressive neurodegenerative alterations, as decrease of cholinergic impulse, increased toxic effects caused by reactive oxygen species and the inflammatory process that the amyloid plaque participates. In silico studies is relevant in the process of drug discovery; through technological advances in the areas of structural characterization of molecules, computational science and molecular biology have contributed to the planning of new drugs used against neurodegenerative diseases. Considering the social impairment caused by an increased incidence of disease and that there is no chemotherapy treatment effective against AD; several compounds are studied. In the researches for effective neuroprotectants as potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease, natural products have been extensively studied in various AD models. This study aims to carry out a literature review with articles that address the in silico studies of natural products aimed at potential drugs against Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the period from 2015 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Ferreira de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil;,Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil,Address correspondence to this author at the Health Sciences Center, Chemioinformatic Laboratory, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil; E-mail:
| | - Érika Paiva de Moura
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Mayara dos Santos Maia
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristina Soares Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Herbert Igor Rodrigues de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Simone Mendes Lopes
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
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Iyer M, Shreshtha I, Baradia H, Chattopadhyay S. Challenges and opportunities of using immobilized lipase as biosensor. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:87-110. [PMID: 35285414 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2050499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, the science of biosensors has evolved significantly. The first or earliest generation of biosensors only detected either the decrease or increase of product or reactant-based natural mediators as the pathway for electron transfer. The subsequent second-generation biosensors were biomolecule based and used artificial redox mediators, such as organic dyes to detect and to increase the reproducibility and sensitivity of the result. However, the recent generation of biosensors work mostly on the principle of electron mobility, with different criteria, such as selectivity, precision, sensitivity, etc., can be used to quantify, efficiently. This review deals with exploring the scope and applications of Immobilized lipase biosensors. Generally, Triglycerides or TG molecules are either detected using Gas Chromatography or, using a chemical or an enzymatic assay. Immobilization of lipase on solid supports has led to increased stability and reusability of the enzyme in non-aqueous solvents. With better enzyme performance, efficient product recovery, and separation from the reaction, immobilized lipase biosensors are garnering increasing interest worldwide. Along with so many advantages including but not limiting to ones mentioned earlier, immobilized lipase-based biosensors come with their own set of challenges, such as the partitioning of the analyte with aqueous medium, slower reaction rate, etc., they have been discussed in the following review. Alongside, we also review the development of a new generation of biosensors and bioelectronic devices based on nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevan Iyer
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Ishita Shreshtha
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Hrithik Baradia
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Soham Chattopadhyay
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, India
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Pohanka M. Pharmacological Influencing of The Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway in Infectious Diseases and Inflammatory Pathologies. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:660-669. [PMID: 33208075 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201117111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a part of the parasympathetic nervous system and it can also be entitled as an anti-inflammatory reflex. It consists of terminations of the vagal nerve into blood, acetylcholine released from the terminations, macrophages and other cells having α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR), calcium ions crossing through the receptor and interacting with nuclear factors, and erythrocytes with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) terminating the neurotransmission. Stopping of inflammatory cytokines production is the major task for the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can be stimulated or suppressed by agonizing or antagonizing α7 nAChR or by inhibition of AChE. This review is focused on cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway regulation by drugs. Compounds that inhibit cholinesterases (for instance, huperzine, rivastigmine, galantamine), and their impact on the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway are discussed here and a survey of actual literature is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove CZ-50001, Czech Republic
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Pohanka M. Biosensors and Bioanalytical Devices based on Magnetic Particles: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2828-2841. [PMID: 32744958 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200730213721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particles play an important role in current technology, and this field of technology extends to a broader progression. The term magnetic particles typically cover the paramagnetic particles and super-paramagnetic particles. Various materials like iron oxide are common, but other materials are available as well; a survey of such materials has been included in this work. They can serve for technological purposes like separation and isolation of chemical products or toxic waste, their use in the diagnosis of pathologies, drug delivery and other similar applications. In this review, biosensors, bioanalytical devices and bioassays, have been discussed. Materials for magnetic particles preparation, methods of assay, biosensors and bioassays working in stationary as well as flow-through arrangements are described here. A survey of actual literature has been provided as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove CZ-50001, Czech Republic
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Edwards C, Duanghathaipornsuk S, Goltz M, Kanel S, Kim DS. Peptide Nanotube Encapsulated Enzyme Biosensor for Vapor Phase Detection of Malathion, an Organophosphorus Compound. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19183856. [PMID: 31500124 PMCID: PMC6767285 DOI: 10.3390/s19183856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the use of a butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)-based, reversible reaction biosensor using screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) having a smaller working surface area than the single-use electrodes previously studied. Previous research demonstrated the prospective application of a single-use biosensor fabricated with an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme encapsulated in peptide nanotubes (PNTs) and enhanced with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to detect organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) in aqueous and gas phases. In the current study, potential improvements to the biosensor are investigated. BChE-based biosensors were fabricated using PNTs, HRP, and Nafion in combination to increase the reactive surface area, enhance sensitivity, and maintain enzyme stability. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used along with the new modified sensor to measure malathion concentration in the gas phase. The results show that a BChE-based biosensor could reliably measure gas phase malathion concentrations between 6–25 ppbv by CV with the extent of inhibition linearly proportional to the malathion concentration (R2 = 0.941). This research demonstrated that fabricated BChE-based biosensors could be stored without cold storage requirement for up to six weeks with minimal performance degradation. Moreover, the sensor electrodes were each reused several times, and were still useable at the conclusion of the research. This research demonstrates the potential of fabricating a reusable, inexpensive biosensor that is capable of OPC detection with high sensitivity and a low detection limit without a long-term cold storage requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Edwards
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), WPAFB, OH 45433, USA.
| | | | - Mark Goltz
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), WPAFB, OH 45433, USA.
| | - Sushil Kanel
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), WPAFB, OH 45433, USA.
| | - Dong-Shik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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Pohanka M. Current Trends in the Biosensors for Biological Warfare Agents Assay. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2303. [PMID: 31323857 PMCID: PMC6678440 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are analytical devices combining a physical sensor with a part of biological origin providing sensitivity and selectivity toward analyte. Biological warfare agents are infectious microorganisms or toxins with the capability to harm or kill humans. They can be produced and spread by a military or misused by a terrorist group. For example, Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Brucella sp., Yersinia pestis, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, botulinum toxin and orthopoxviruses are typical biological warfare agents. Biosensors for biological warfare agents serve as simple but reliable analytical tools for the both field and laboratory assay. There are examples of commercially available biosensors, but research and development of new types continue and their application in praxis can be expected in the future. This review summarizes the facts and role of biosensors in the biological warfare agents' assay, and shows current commercially available devices and trends in research of the news. Survey of actual literature is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, CZ-50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Biosensors and Bioassays Based on Lipases, Principles and Applications, a Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030616. [PMID: 30744203 PMCID: PMC6384989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are enzymes responsible for the conversion of triglycerides and other esterified substrates, they are involved in the basic metabolism of a wide number of organisms, from a simple microorganism and to mammals. They also have broad applicability in many fields from which industrial biotechnology, the production of cleaning agents, and pharmacy are the most important. The use of lipases in analytical chemistry where it can serve as a part of biosensors or bioassays is an application of growing interest and has become another important use. This review is focused on the description of lipases chemistry, their current applications and the methods for their assay measurement. Examples of bioassays and biosensors, including their physical and chemical principles, performance for specific substrates, and discussion of their relevance, are given in this work.
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Shamagsumova RV, Yu. Efimova O, Gorbatchuk VV, Evtugyn VG, Stoikov II, Evtugyn GA. Electrochemical Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor Based on Polylactide–Nanosilver Composite for the Determination of Anti-dementia Drugs. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1557202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rezeda V. Shamagsumova
- Chemistry Institute named after A.M. Butlerov of Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Yu. Efimova
- Chemistry Institute named after A.M. Butlerov of Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | | | - Vladimir G. Evtugyn
- Interdisciplinary Center of Analytical Microscopy, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan I. Stoikov
- Chemistry Institute named after A.M. Butlerov of Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady A. Evtugyn
- Chemistry Institute named after A.M. Butlerov of Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
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Shamgsumova RV, Shurpik DN, Evtugyn VG, Stoikov II, Evtugyn GA. Electrochemical Determination of Malathion on an Acetylcholinesterase-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1396338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rezeda V. Shamgsumova
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry N. Shurpik
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G. Evtugyn
- Interdisciplinary Center of Analytical Microscopy, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan I. Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady A. Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
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Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase by a Plant Secondary Metabolite Boldine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9634349. [PMID: 29850593 PMCID: PMC5907398 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9634349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are two enzymes sensitive to various chemical compounds having ability to bind to crucial parts of these enzymes. Boldine is a natural alkaloid and it was mentioned in some older works that it can inhibit some kinds of AChE. We reinvestigated this effect on AChE and also on BChE using acetyl (butyryl) thiocholine and Ellman's reagents as standard substances for spectrophotometric assay. We found out IC50 of AChE equal to 372 μmol/l and a similar level to BChE, 321 μmol/l. We conclude our experiment by a finding that boldine is cholinesterase inhibitor; however we report significantly weaker inhibition than that suggested in literature. Likewise, we tried to investigate the mechanism of inhibition and completed it with in silico study. Potential toxic effect on cholinesterases in real conditions is also discussed.
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15
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In Silico Studies Applied to Natural Products with Potential Activity Against Alzheimer’s Disease. NEUROMETHODS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7404-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Anti-Parkinson Drug Biperiden Inhibits Enzyme Acetylcholinesterase. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2532764. [PMID: 28785576 PMCID: PMC5530453 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2532764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biperiden is a drug used in Parkinson disease treatment and it serves also as an antiseizures compound in organophosphates poisoning. It acts as antagonist of muscarinic receptor activated by acetylcholine while the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) cleaves acetylcholine in synaptic junction into choline and acetic acid. This enzyme is inhibited by various compounds; however there has not been proposed evidence about interaction with biperiden molecule. We investigated this interaction using standard Ellman's assay and experimental findings were critically completed with an in silico prediction by SwissDock docking software. Uncompetitive mechanism of action was revealed from Dixon plot and inhibition constant (Ki) was calculated to be 1.11 mmol/l. The lowest predicted binding energy was −7.84 kcal/mol corresponding to H-bond between biperiden molecule and Tyr 341 residuum in protein structure of AChE. This interaction seems to be further stabilized by π-π interaction with Tyr 72, Trp 286, and Tyr 341. In conclusion, biperiden appears as a very weak inhibitor but it can serve as a lead structure in a pharmacological research.
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Construction of an Acetylcholinesterase Sensor Based on Synthesized Paramagnetic Nanoparticles, a Simple Tool for Neurotoxic Compounds Assay. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17040676. [PMID: 28338634 PMCID: PMC5419789 DOI: 10.3390/s17040676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particles (MPs) have been widely used in biological applications in recent years as a carrier for various molecules. Their big advantage is in repeated use of immobilized molecules including enzymes. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme playing crucial role in neurotransmission and the enzyme is targeted by various molecules like Alzheimer's drugs, pesticides and warfare agents. In this work, an electrochemical biosensor having AChE immobilized onto MPs and stabilized through glutaraldehyde (GA) molecule was proposed for assay of the neurotoxic compounds. The prepared nanoparticles were modified by pure AChE and they were used for the measurement anti-Alzheimer's drug galantamine and carbamate pesticide carbofuran with limit of detection 1.5 µM and 20 nM, respectively. All measurements were carried out using screen-printed sensor with carbon working, silver reference, and carbon auxiliary electrode. Standard Ellman's assay was used for validation measurement of both inhibitors. Part of this work was the elimination of reversible inhibitors represented by galantamine from the active site of AChE. For this purpose, we used a lower pH to get the original activity of AChE after inhibition by galantamine. We also observed decarbamylation of the AChE-carbofuran adduct. Influence of organic solvents to AChE as well as repeatability of measurement with MPs with AChE was also established.
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Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Assay Using Colorimetric pH Sensitive Strips and Image Analysis by a Smartphone. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:3712384. [PMID: 28286520 PMCID: PMC5327770 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3712384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Smartphones are widely spread and their usage does not require any trained personnel. Recently, smartphones were successfully used in analytical chemistry as a simple detection tool in some applications. This paper focuses on immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) onto commercially available pH strips with stabilization in the gelatin membrane. AChE degrades acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid which causes color change of acid-base indicator. Smartphone served as a tool for measurement of indicator color change from red to orange while inhibitors blocked this process. AChE inhibitors were measured with limits of detection, 149 nM and 22.3 nM for galanthamine and donepezil, respectively. Organic solvents were measured for method interferences. Measurement procedure was performed on 3D printed holder and digital photography was evaluated using red-green-blue (RGB) channels. The invented assay was validated to the standard Ellman's test and verified on murine plasma samples spiked with inhibitors. We consider that the assay is fully suitable for practical performance.
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Kostelnik A, Cegan A, Pohanka M. Color Change of Phenol Red by Integrated Smart Phone Camera as a Tool for the Determination of Neurotoxic Compounds. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16091212. [PMID: 27618041 PMCID: PMC5038618 DOI: 10.3390/s16091212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The use of a cell phone as a detection system is easy, simple and does not require trained personnel, which is in contrast to standard laboratory instruments. This paper deals with immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in a gelatin matrix, and phenol red, as an indicator of AChE activity, is used in order to establish a method that is easily compatible with a camera device. AChE splits acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid, which changes the pH of a medium, resulting in a phenol red color change. The coloration changed in presence of an AChE inhibitor. Measurements were performed on 3D-printed, tube-shaped holder, and digital photography, with subsequent analysis of red-green-blue (RGB), served for assay purposes. Calibration of AChE inhibitors, tacrine and galantamine, was performed, with limit of detection equal to 1.1 nM and 1.28 µM, respectively. Interferences were also measured, resulting in a proof-of-method stability. The method was further successfully validated for the standard Ellman’s assay, and verified on murine plasma samples spiked with inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kostelnik
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, Pardubice CZ-53210, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexander Cegan
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, Pardubice CZ-53210, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove CZ-50001, Czech Republic.
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Shukla S, Govender P, Tiwari A. Polymeric Micellar Structures for Biosensor Technology. ADVANCES IN BIOMEMBRANES AND LIPID SELF-ASSEMBLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.abl.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Martinkova P, Pohanka M. Biosensors for Blood Glucose and Diabetes Diagnosis: Evolution, Construction, and Current Status. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1043661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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