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Ladeira C, Møller P, Giovannelli L, Gajski G, Haveric A, Bankoglu EE, Azqueta A, Gerić M, Stopper H, Cabêda J, Tonin FS, Collins A. The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals-A Systematic Scoping Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:270. [PMID: 38668493 PMCID: PMC11054096 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - José Cabêda
- Guarda Nacional Republicana, Destacamento Territorial de Vila Franca de Xira, Núcleo de Proteção Ambiental, 1500-124 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
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Cetintepe SP, Hazar M, Bilinmiş I, Aydin Dilsiz S, Basaran N. Evaluation of genotoxicity, oxidative stress and immune parameters of auto-paint workers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116970. [PMID: 37625540 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The automotive industry is a very wide area from the manufacturing of the pieces of the engine, the body, plastics to the assembly of the car. There is a chemical risk at different stages of production because of the requirement of the use of many corrosive and irritant chemicals such as paints, adhesives, acids, and bases. The aim of the study was to determine the genotoxicity, oxidative stress and immune parameters of automotive paint workers in Ankara, Türkiye. DNA damage of workers mainly responsible from the painting of the automotives were evaluated using the alkaline comet assay and the levels of some oxidative stress and immune biomarkers were also investigated. Increased lymphocyte DNA damage and also higher 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed while decreased glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) levels were found in the workers compared to their controls There were no significant differences between the study groups in the levels of interleukin (IL)- 1beta, IL-17, IL-23, Clara cell secretory protein (CC16), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results show that occupational exposure to chemicals in automotive industry may cause DNA damage in workers due to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Pınar Cetintepe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Merve Hazar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, 04100, Turkiye
| | - Izem Bilinmiş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Başkent University, Ankara, 06790, Turkiye
| | - Sevtap Aydin Dilsiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkiye
| | - Nursen Basaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Başkent University, Ankara, 06790, Turkiye.
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Nagaraju R, Kalahasthi R, Balachandar R, Bagepally BS. Cadmium exposure and DNA damage (genotoxicity): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 52:786-798. [PMID: 36802997 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2173557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Existing literature suggests an association between chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure and the induction of DNA damage and genotoxicity. However, observations from individual studies are inconsistent and conflicting. Therefore current systematic review aimed to pool evidence from existing literature to synthesize quantitative and qualitative corroboration on the association between markers of genotoxicity and occupational Cd exposed population. Studies that evaluated markers of DNA damage among occupationally Cd-exposed and unexposed workers were selected after a systematic literature search. The DNA damage markers included were chromosomal aberrations (chromosomal, chromatid, sister chromatid exchange), Micronucleus (MN) frequency in mono and binucleated cells (MN with condensed chromatin, lobed nucleus, nuclear buds, mitotic index, nucleoplasmatic bridges, pyknosis, and karyorrhexis), comet assay (tail intensity, tail length, tail moment, and olive tail moment), and oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine). Mean differences or standardized mean differences were pooled using a random-effects model. The Cochran-Q test and I2 statistic were used to monitor heterogeneity among included studies. Twenty-nine studies with 3080 occupationally Cd-exposed and 1807 unexposed workers were included in the review. Cd among the exposed group was higher in blood [4.77 μg/L (-4.94-14.48)] and urine samples [standardized mean difference 0.47 (0.10-0.85)] than in the exposed group. The Cd exposure is positively associated with higher levels of DNA damage characterized by increased frequency of MN [7.35 (-0.32-15.02)], sister chromatid exchange [20.30 (4.34-36.26)], chromosomal aberrations, and oxidative DNA damage (comet assay and 8OHdG [0.41 (0.20-0.63)]) compared to the unexposed. However, with considerable between-study heterogeneity. Chronic Cd exposure is associated with augmented DNA damage. However, more extensive longitudinal studies with adequate sample sizes are necessary to assist the current observations and promote comprehension of the Cd's role in inducing DNA damage.Prospero Registration ID: CRD42022348874.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Nagaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravibabu Kalahasthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rakesh Balachandar
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, India
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Identification of Hippuric Acid and Phenols in the Urine of Workers with Occupational Exposure. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3348398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted on workers in the printing industry in Addis Ababa, the capital and largest city of Ethiopia, which has grown significantly in recent years, providing work for a large number of people whose health motivates us to carry out this work. Because these workers handle substances that appear innocuous but are toxic to human health, such as paint products like VOCs, inhaling these volatile and organic solvents is involuntary. If chronic, it manifests in various symptomatic forms in humans, such as changes in psychomotor function or organ damage, highlighting the need to investigate and evaluate their toxicity depending on the degree of aversion and repercussions experienced by those exposed to this type of solvent. The study was conducted on 40 workers who work in randomly selected locations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. For the quantification of total hippuric acid and phenols in urine, two different methods were used. Finally, a survey was carried out to obtain information on the level of knowledge of the toxicity of the chemical substances that use the degree of protection; once the results of the quantitative analyses were obtained and supplemented with the data made by the personal interview, it allowed us to obtain the necessary information to carry out the statistical evaluation and thus to interpret the real substance of the occupational exposure of contamination to which these workers are exposed. The total phenols found averaged
, and hippuric acid is
. These values indicate benzene and toluene exposure because they exceed WHO reference values in urine.
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Verma N, Pandit S, Gupta PK, Kumar S, Kumar A, Giri SK, Yadav G, Priya K. Occupational health hazards and wide spectrum of genetic damage by the organic solvent fumes at the workplace: A critical appraisal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:30954-30966. [PMID: 35102507 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to organic solvents is known to affect human health posing serious occupational hazards. Organic solvents are genotoxic, and they can cause genetic changes in the exposed employees' somatic or germ cells. Chemicals such as benzene, toluene, and gasoline induce an excessive amount of genotoxicity results either in genetic polymorphism or culminates in deleterious mutations when concentration crosses the threshold limits. The impact of genotoxicity is directly related to the time of exposure, types, and quantum of solvent. Genotoxicity affects almost all the physiological systems, but the most vulnerable ones are the nervous system, reproductive system, and blood circulatory system. Based on the available literature report, we propose to evaluate the outcomes of such chemicals on the exposed humans at the workplace. Attempts would be made to ascertain if the long-term exposure makes a person resistant to such chemicals. This may seem to be a far-fetched idea but has not been studied. The health prospect of this study is envisaged to complement the already existing data facilitating a deeper understanding of the genotoxicity across the population. This would also demonstrate if it correlates with the demographic profile of the population and contributes to comorbidity and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Verma
- Deptt. of Life Sciences, SBSR, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Deptt. of Life Sciences, SBSR, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Deptt. of Life Sciences, SBSR, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Deptt. of Life Sciences, SBSR, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak Haryana, HR, 124001, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Giri
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, HP, India
| | - Gulab Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, HP, India
| | - Kanu Priya
- Deptt. of Life Sciences, SBSR, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India.
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Özakıncı OG, Gündüzöz M, Buyuksekerci M, Karataş M, Balik AR, Neselioglu S, Erel Ö. Dynamic thiol disulfide homeostasis in painters as indices of oxidative stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1067-1075. [PMID: 32990027 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1827227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine thiol-disulfide homeostasis as indices of oxidative stress in painters by using a novel and automated colorimetric measurement method. Male painters (n = 117) were separated into three groups according to duration of work; group 1 (<5 years), group 2 (5-14 years) and group 3 (≥15 years). Hippuric acid, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and phenol in urine was determined. Catalase activity and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels were also assessed. Disulfide/Native Thiol and Disulfide/Total Thiol of group 2 and group 3 were significantly higher than those of group 1 (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between urinary phenol and disulfide/native thiol (r = 0.214, p = 0.035), IMA (r = 0.305, p = 0.002), disulfide (r = 0.209, p = 0.040), and duration of work (r = 0.341, p < 0.001). The newly developed automated colorimetric method used in our study proposes a promising, practical and daily applicable test for evaluating oxidative status of painters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Gökhan Özakıncı
- Public Health, Ankara Occupatinal and Environmental Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meside Gündüzöz
- Occupational Diseases Service, Occupational Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Buyuksekerci
- Public Health, Ankara Occupatinal and Environmental Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mevlüt Karataş
- Public Health, Ankara Occupatinal and Environmental Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Rifat Balik
- Biochemistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neselioglu
- Biochemistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Biochemistry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Ankara, Turkey
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Oginawati K, Anka AAH, Susetyo SH, Febriana SA, Tanziha I, Prakoeswa CRS. Urinary hippuric acid level as a biological indicator of toluene exposure on batik workers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07775. [PMID: 34430750 PMCID: PMC8371212 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary hippuric acid (uHA) is one of the biomonitoring parameters of toxic organic exposure, such as toluene. Repeated exposure to a low concentration of toluene may lead to chronic effects such as central nervous system damage. In the preliminary study, toluene was found in the batik industry's working area in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study aims to assess the health condition of batik workers to toluene exposure based on the concentration of uHA. There were 52 respondents divided into 2 groups: the batik workers as the exposed group (30 respondents) and the non-batik workers as the control group (22 respondents). The urine sample was taken from batik workers at the end of the shift, and uHA was measured using spectrophotometry. The uHA value was corrected with urinary creatinine. The results showed that the average uHA concentration of batik workers was higher than that of the control group. The result also showed that workers with more than 2 years working period, writing workers, and stamping workers give an Odds Ratio (OR) of 6.43, 6.75, and 9.00 respectively on having a higher concentration of uHA. Workers with toluene exposure symptoms were also having a higher concentration of uHA than workers without any symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Oginawati
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Artsani Hanif Anka
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Septian Hadi Susetyo
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sri Awalia Febriana
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ikeu Tanziha
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia
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Ness SLR, Arbo MD, Ferreira CF. Difficulties in biomonitoration of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 27:1557-1558. [PMID: 34284664 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211026368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Luis Ribeiro Ness
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre/RS, Brasil.,Central de Misturas Intravenosas, Serviço de Farmácia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre/RS, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre/RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, Brasil
| | - Charles Francisco Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre/RS, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa: Climatério e Menopausa, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre/RS, Brasil
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9
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Bortolotto I, de Brum APS, Guecheva TN, de Souza LM, de Paula-Ramos ALL, Trindade C, Consiglio AR. DNA damage, salivary cortisol levels, and cognitive parameters in a nursing team. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 861-862:503300. [PMID: 33551101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In a cross-sectional study of women in a nursing team at a university hospital in southern Brazil, we studied DNA damage, salivary cortisol levels, and cognition. DNA damage was measured in blood leukocytes with the comet assay and the micronucleus test. Salivary cortisol levels were determined upon waking, 30 min later, and at bedtime. Cognition was evaluated according to the Stroop, Digit span and Word span tests. Cortisol levels on waking up were associated negatively with the number of years the employee worked at the institution and positively with the DNA damage in comet assay. Cognitive scores were lower when the cortisol levels were low at awakening and high at bedtime; and were associated positively with educational level. Cortisol status may influence overall health as well as essential work skills, such as attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iranez Bortolotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Scherer de Brum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), SC, Brazil
| | - Temenouga Nikolova Guecheva
- Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Milano de Souza
- Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Ligia Lia de Paula-Ramos
- Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Trindade
- Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil; Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Angelica Rosat Consiglio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
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The genotoxicity of an organic solvent mixture: A human biomonitoring study and translation of a real-scenario exposure to in vitro. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 116:104726. [PMID: 32659246 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate occupational exposure to a styrene and xylene mixture through environmental exposure assessment and identify the potential genotoxic effects through biological monitoring. Secondly, we also exposed human peripheral blood cells in vitro to both xylene and styrene either alone or in mixture at concentrations found in occupational settings in order to understand their mechanism of action. The results obtained by air monitoring were below the occupational exposure limits for both substances. All biomarkers of effect, except for nucleoplasmic bridges, had higher mean values in workers (N = 17) compared to the corresponding controls (N = 17). There were statistically significant associations between exposed individuals and the presence of nuclear buds and oxidative damage. As for in vitro results, there was no significant influence on primary DNA damage in blood cells as evaluated by the comet assay. On the contrary, we did observe a significant increase of micronuclei and nuclear buds, but not nucleoplasmic bridges upon in vitro exposure. Taken together, both styrene and xylene have the potential to induce genomic instability either alone or in combination, showing higher effects when combined. The obtained data suggested that thresholds for individual chemicals might be insufficient for ensuring the protection of human health.
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Büyükşekerci M, Gündüzöz M, Özakıncı OG, Karataş M, Şenat A, Neşelioğlu S, Erel Ö. Dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis as indicator of oxidative stress in automotive workers. Biomarkers 2020; 25:274-280. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1734862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Büyükşekerci
- Department of Pharmacology, Occupational and Environmental Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meşide Gündüzöz
- Department of Family Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Osman Gökhan Özakıncı
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mevlüt Karataş
- Department of Chest Diseases, Occupational and Environmental Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Almila Şenat
- Department of Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Soares MV, Charão MF, Jacques MT, Dos Santos ALA, Luchese C, Pinton S, Ávila DS. Airborne toluene exposure causes germline apoptosis and neuronal damage that promotes neurobehavioural changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113406. [PMID: 31662251 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Toluene is a highly volatile organic solvent present in gasoline. Exposure mainly occurs by absorption via the pulmonary tract and easily reaches the central nervous system, which causes toxic effects. Toluene toxicity has been described but not well established. The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of airborne exposure to toluene, the in vivo model Caenorhabditis elegans was assessed to determine whether nematode could be used to evaluate the effects of exposure to toluene and the possible mechanisms of toxicity of the solvent. Worms at the first or fourth larval stages were exposed to toluene for 48 or 24 h, respectively, in a laboratory-developed vapor chamber at concentrations of 450, 850, 1250 and 1800 ppm. We observed increases in worm mortality and significant developmental delays that occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. An increased incidence of apoptotic events in treated germline cells was shown, which was consistent with observed reductions in reproductive capacity. In addition, toluene promoted significant behavioural changes affecting swimming movements and radial locomotion, which were associated with changes in the fluorescence intensity and morphology of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons. We conclude that toluene exposure was toxic to C. elegans, with effects produced by the induction of apoptosis and neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Valandro Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Grupo de pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica, Universidade Feevale, Rua Rubem Berta, nº 200, Novo Hamburgo, CEP: 93525-090, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Tavares Jacques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Grupo de pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil; Laboratório de Experimentação em Neuropatologia - Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Bloco C, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Anibaletto Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica, Universidade Feevale, Rua Rubem Berta, nº 200, Novo Hamburgo, CEP: 93525-090, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Simone Pinton
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Grupo de pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Grupo de pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil.
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Londoño-Velasco E, Martínez-Perafán F, Carvajal S, García-Vallejo F, Hoyos-Giraldo LS. Evaluation of oxidative and methylating DNA damage in painters occupationally exposed to organic solvents and paints. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2019; 39:464-477. [PMID: 31584761 PMCID: PMC7357369 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The exposure to organic solvents and paints has been associated with genotoxicity and a greater risk of neoplasms. However, the type of DNA damage induced in humans by the exposure to these compounds, which would help explain the mechanisms of their genotoxicity, is still not fully characterized. Due to inadequate practices of occupational safety, car painters in the informal sector are a highly exposed group to organic solvents and paints. Objective: To identify the oxidative and methylating damage in the DNA of lymphocytes of car painters exposed to organic solvents and paints. Materials and methods: Isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes from 62 painters and 62 unexposed subjects were analyzed by the modified high-throughput comet assay with the Fpg and AlkA enzymes. The categories used for the evaluation of the DNA damage were basal damage (without enzymes), oxidative and methylating damage. The measurement parameter used to establish the damage was the percentage of DNA in the tail. Results: The percentage of DNA in the tail was higher in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group (p<0.05). In the exposed group, this percentage was higher in the oxidative damage category than the baseline (16.50 vs. 12.87; p<0.001), whereas methylating damage did not show significant differences (14.00 vs. 12.87; p>0.05). Conclusion: In this study, exposure to organic solvents and paints was associated with an increase in oxidative lesions in the DNA of car painters’ lymphocytes, such as the production of 8-oxodG and other formamidopyrimidine products which are considered highly mutagenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Londoño-Velasco
- Grupo de Investigación en Toxicología Genética y Citogenética, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Exactas y de la Educación, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia.
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Miglani K, Kumar S, Yadav A, Aggarwal N, Ahmad I, Gupta R. A multibiomarker approach to evaluate the effect of polyaromatic hydrocarbon exposure on oxidative and genotoxic damage in tandoor workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:486-496. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233719862728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a cohort study of tandoor workers to evaluate the relationship between the biomarkers of oxidative and genotoxic damage and exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons. A series of oxidative and genotoxic damage biomarkers, including urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and tail moment (TM) by comet assay, was studied. A total of 76 tandoor workers and 79 demographically matched healthy individuals as controls were included. Our results showed that the tandoor workers had significantly higher urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene, urinary 8-OHdG, MDA content, and TM compared with the control population. The concentration of all these biomarkers increased with age in the control population as well as tandoor workers. In tandoor workers, significant variation in MDA, 8-oxodG (8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine) and TM concentration was detected between smokers (5.08 ± 1.72 nmol/mL, 16.01 ± 4.94 ng/mg creatinine, and 5.87 ± 0.98 µm, respectively) and nonsmokers (3.84 ± 0.98 nmol/mL, 13.74 ± 3.60 ng/mg creatinine, and 5.32 ± 0.69 µm, respectively). A similar pattern was obtained for the control population. We did not obtain significant variations for alcoholics and tobacco chewers. A significant increase in all these three biomarkers was observed with the increase in the period of work exposure in tandoor workers. Multivariate regression analysis also revealed that urinary 8-oxodG, MDA, and TM were statistically significantly related to age and period of work exposure. Overall, the present study showed that the exposure to wood smoke in tandoor workers under occupational conditions led to increased DNA damage because of oxidative stress and genotoxicity. These biomarkers, therefore, are good indices to assess oxidative DNA damage in these workers exposed to occupational genotoxicants. It is also necessary to make preventive changes in work conditions and lifestyle, which will help these occupational workers to lead a healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Miglani
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Deprtment of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Deprtment of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Imteyaz Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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Hopf NB, Bolognesi C, Danuser B, Wild P. Biological monitoring of workers exposed to carcinogens using the buccal micronucleus approach: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:11-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Raza M, Mahjabeen I, Fahim M, Malik WA, Khan AU, Kayani MA, Khan A, Akram Z. Redox balance and DNA fragmentation in arsenic-exposed occupational workers from different industries of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33381-33390. [PMID: 30259327 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractOccupational exposure accounts for a contact between workers and different toxicants. Present study was designed to measure the arsenic-induced DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress in exposed workers. Blood, hair, and nail samples were collected from welding, brick kiln, furniture, pesticide, and paint industries (n = 50/industry) of Pakistan along with 200 controls. DNA damage was calculated using DNA fragmentation assay. Antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx) were measured using ELISA. Results revealed that arsenic exposure induced DNA fragmentation in brick kiln, furniture, and welding industries. Enzyme activity was reduced in five industries compared to control. In exposed group, significant depletion of enzymes was observed in furniture, welding, and brick kiln workers. Based on age and time of exposure, significant difference was observed in welding and brick kiln group. Smokers of exposed group showed significantly reduced levels of enzymes compared to controls. Arsenic deposition was observed higher in the hair, nail, and blood samples of exposed group (P < 0.001) compared to control. Likewise, lead and cadmium contents were higher in the blood samples of industrial workers compared to control. This study suggests increased trend of cellular damage and oxidative stress in occupational workers profoundly in welding, furniture, and brick kiln industries. Moreover, this study recognizes the contribution of age, exposure time, and smoking status toward arsenic-induced oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Raza
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fahim
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad Malik
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah Khan
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zertashia Akram
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Maksoud NA, Aal KA, Ghandour N, El-Baz M, Shaltout E. Assessment of Hematotoxicity and Genotoxicity among paint Workers in Assiut Governorate: a case control study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-017-0029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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18
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Ferrante M, Ledda C, Oliveri Conti G, Fiore M, Rapisarda V, Copat C, Sole G, Terzo N, Travali S. Lead exposure and plasma mRNA expression in ERBB2 gene. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3361-3365. [PMID: 28339023 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic data for carcinogenicity in those exposed to lead (Pb) suggests relations with cancers although the totality of the evidence is inconsistent. Alterations in the expression of ERBB receptors have been studied during the development and malignant transformation of different kinds of human tumors where they induce proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis generation. Relevant clinical data demonstrate the role of ERBB2 receptors in the development and malignancy of human cancers. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation is to give more information on the link between plasma mRNA expression in ERBB2 gene and lead blood levels in a healthy population. Blood samples, socio‑demographic, exposure and health data were obtained from 48 healthy men. Real‑time polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to detect ERBB2 gene transcripts, ΔΔCt method was used to quantify gene expression. Pb blood level was assayed using high‑resolution sector field inductively coupled mass spectrometry and is expressed in µg/dl. Plasma mRNA expression in ERBB2 gene was 6.44±3.07 ΔΔCt; Pb blood levels was 16.07±6.74 µg/dl. Regression analysis revealed a significant association (r2=0.5345; p<0.0001) between Pb levels and mRNA expression in ERBB2. So far, it has still not been established if the expression of ERBB2 receptors is influenced by Pb exposure. On the base of the above reported data, we believe an in vitro study might be useful, to understand the molecular mechanisms implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Fiore
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sole
- ISAB S.r.l. ‑ Lukoil, I‑96010 Priolo Gargallo, Italy
| | - Nivea Terzo
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Travali
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95124 Catania, Italy
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da Silva J. DNA damage induced by occupational and environmental exposure to miscellaneous chemicals. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:170-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Londoño-Velasco E, Martínez-Perafán F, Carvajal-Varona S, García-Vallejo F, Hoyos-Giraldo LS. Assessment of DNA damage in car spray painters exposed to organic solvents by the high-throughput comet assay. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:238-42. [PMID: 26998723 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1158892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exposure as a painter is associated with DNA damage and development of cancer. Comet assay has been widely adopted as a sensitive and quantitative tool for DNA damage assessment at the individual cell level in populations exposed to genotoxics. The aim of this study was to assess the application of the high-throughput comet assay, to determine the DNA damage in car spray painters. The study population included 52 car spray painters and 52 unexposed subjects. A significant increase in the %TDNA median (p < 0.001) was observed in the exposed group in comparison to the unexposed group. Neither age (%TDNA: p = 0.913) nor time of exposure (%TDNA: p = 0.398) were significantly correlated with DNA damage. The car spray painters who consumed alcohol did not show a significant increase in DNA damage compared to nonalcohol consumers (p > 0.05). The results showed an increase in DNA breaks in car spray painters exposed to organic solvents and paints; furthermore, they demonstrated the application of high-throughput comet assay in an occupational exposure study to genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Londoño-Velasco
- a Department of Biology , Research Group Genetic Toxicology and Cytogenetics, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Education, Universidad del Cauca , Popayán, Cauca , Colombia .,b Department of Basic Sciences of Health , Faculty of Sciences of Health, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana seccional Cali , Cali, Valle del Cauca , Colombia , and
| | - Fabián Martínez-Perafán
- a Department of Biology , Research Group Genetic Toxicology and Cytogenetics, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Education, Universidad del Cauca , Popayán, Cauca , Colombia
| | - Silvio Carvajal-Varona
- a Department of Biology , Research Group Genetic Toxicology and Cytogenetics, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Education, Universidad del Cauca , Popayán, Cauca , Colombia
| | - Felipe García-Vallejo
- c Department of Physiologic Sciences , Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle , Cali, Valle del Cauca , Colombia
| | - Luz Stella Hoyos-Giraldo
- a Department of Biology , Research Group Genetic Toxicology and Cytogenetics, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Education, Universidad del Cauca , Popayán, Cauca , Colombia
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21
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AQUINO TATIANEDE, ZENKNER FERNANDAF, ELLWANGER JOELH, PRÁ DANIEL, RIEGER ALEXANDRE. DNA damage and cytotoxicity in pathology laboratory technicians exposed to organic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 88:227-36. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate potential DNA damage and cytotoxicity in pathology laboratory technicians exposed to organic solvents, mainly xylene. Peripheral blood and buccal cells samples were collected from 18 technicians occupationally exposed to organic solvents and 11 non-exposed individuals. The technicians were sampled at two moments: Monday and Friday. DNA damage and cytotoxicity were evaluated using the Comet Assay and the Buccal Micronucleus Cytome assay. Fifteen subjects (83.5%) of the exposed group to solvents complained about some symptom probably related to contact with vapours of organic solvents. DNA damage in the exposed group to solvents was nearly 2-fold higher on Friday than on Monday, and in both moments the individuals of this group showed higher levels of DNA damage in relation to controls. No statistical difference was detected in buccal cell micronucleus frequency between the laboratory technicians and the control group. However, in the analysis performed on Friday, technicians presented higher frequency (about 3-fold) of karyolytic and apoptotic-like cells (karyorrhectic and pyknotic) in relation to control group. Considering the damage frequency and the working time, a positive correlation was found in the exposed group to solvents (r=0.468; p=0.05). The results suggest that pathology laboratory workers inappropriately exposed to organic solvents have increased levels of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - JOEL H. ELLWANGER
- Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - DANIEL PRÁ
- Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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22
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CYP2E1 epigenetic regulation in chronic, low-level toluene exposure: Relationship with oxidative stress and smoking habit. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:207-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Schulte PA, Whittaker C, Curran CP. Considerations for Using Genetic and Epigenetic Information in Occupational Health Risk Assessment and Standard Setting. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S69-S81. [PMID: 26583908 PMCID: PMC4685594 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1060323#.xhlte1uzbx4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment forms the basis for both occupational health decision-making and the development of occupational exposure limits (OELs). Although genetic and epigenetic data have not been widely used in risk assessment and ultimately, standard setting, it is possible to envision such uses. A growing body of literature demonstrates that genetic and epigenetic factors condition biological responses to occupational and environmental hazards or serve as targets of them. This presentation addresses the considerations for using genetic and epigenetic information in risk assessments, provides guidance on using this information within the classic risk assessment paradigm, and describes a framework to organize thinking about such uses. The framework is a 4 × 4 matrix involving the risk assessment functions (hazard identification, dose-response modeling, exposure assessment, and risk characterization) on one axis and inherited and acquired genetic and epigenetic data on the other axis. The cells in the matrix identify how genetic and epigenetic data can be used for each risk assessment function. Generally, genetic and epigenetic data might be used as endpoints in hazard identification, as indicators of exposure, as effect modifiers in exposure assessment and dose-response modeling, as descriptors of mode of action, and to characterize toxicity pathways. Vast amounts of genetic and epigenetic data may be generated by high-throughput technologies. These data can be useful for assessing variability and reducing uncertainty in extrapolations, and they may serve as the foundation upon which identification of biological perturbations would lead to a new paradigm of toxicity pathway-based risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Schulte
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - C. Whittaker
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - C. P. Curran
- Northern Kentucky University, Department of Biological Sciences, Highland Heights, Kentucky
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Schulte PA, Whittaker C, Curran CP. Considerations for Using Genetic and Epigenetic Information in Occupational Health Risk Assessment and Standard Setting. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S69-81. [PMID: 26583908 PMCID: PMC4685594 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment forms the basis for both occupational health decision-making and the development of occupational exposure limits (OELs). Although genetic and epigenetic data have not been widely used in risk assessment and ultimately, standard setting, it is possible to envision such uses. A growing body of literature demonstrates that genetic and epigenetic factors condition biological responses to occupational and environmental hazards or serve as targets of them. This presentation addresses the considerations for using genetic and epigenetic information in risk assessments, provides guidance on using this information within the classic risk assessment paradigm, and describes a framework to organize thinking about such uses. The framework is a 4 × 4 matrix involving the risk assessment functions (hazard identification, dose-response modeling, exposure assessment, and risk characterization) on one axis and inherited and acquired genetic and epigenetic data on the other axis. The cells in the matrix identify how genetic and epigenetic data can be used for each risk assessment function. Generally, genetic and epigenetic data might be used as endpoints in hazard identification, as indicators of exposure, as effect modifiers in exposure assessment and dose-response modeling, as descriptors of mode of action, and to characterize toxicity pathways. Vast amounts of genetic and epigenetic data may be generated by high-throughput technologies. These data can be useful for assessing variability and reducing uncertainty in extrapolations, and they may serve as the foundation upon which identification of biological perturbations would lead to a new paradigm of toxicity pathway-based risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Schulte
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Address correspondence to Paul A. Schulte, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS-C14 Cincinnati, OH45226, . E-mail:
| | - C. Whittaker
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - C. P. Curran
- Northern Kentucky University, Department of Biological Sciences, Highland Heights, Kentucky
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Chinde S, Kumari M, Devi KR, Murty US, Rahman MF, Kumari SI, Mahboob M, Grover P. Assessment of genotoxic effects of lead in occupationally exposed workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:11469-11480. [PMID: 24906834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxicological effects in 200 lead acid storage battery recycling and manufacturing industry workers in Hyderabad along with matched 200 controls were studied. The genetic damage was determined by comet, micronucleus (MN), and chromosomal aberration (CA) test in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The MN test was also carried out in buccal epithelial cells (BECs). Pb in ambient air, blood Pb (B-Pb) concentrations, and hematological parameters were measured. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) formed were also studied. The results of the present study showed that there was a statistically significant (P < 0.01) increase in mean percent tail DNA, frequency of CA, and MN in PBL as well as in BEC as compared to controls. Pb in ambient air and B-Pb concentrations were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.01). The hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell values were significantly lowered in Pb-exposed workers in comparison to controls. SOD, GPx, and CAT levels were significantly decreased while GSH and MDA levels increased in exposed group when compared to control group. The present study suggests that environmental health standards should be enforced to control Pb contamination from battery industries to reduce human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Chinde
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500007, India
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Singh Z, Chadha P, Sharma S. Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in battery manufacturing workers occupationally exposed to lead. Toxicol Int 2013; 20:95-100. [PMID: 23833444 PMCID: PMC3702134 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.111550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Battery manufacturing workers are occupationally exposed to lead (Pb), which is a highly toxic heavy metal. The aim of this study was to investigate the blood lead levels (BLL) of 30 battery manufacturing workers and find the correlation between BLL, micronucleated cell (MNC) frequency, binucleated cell (BNC) frequency in buccal mucosal cells and malondialdehyde concentrations in serum. 30 subjects of the BMW group, exposed to lead, and 30 control subjects, matched with the exposed subjects with respect to age, socio-economic status, sex, diet, smoking and drinking habits, were monitored for this study. BLL was found to have highly significant difference between both the groups (P < 0.001). The serum MDA levels were observed at significantly higher levels (6.76 ± 3.26) for the exposed group as compared to the control group (2.10 ± 1.02; P < 0.001). Buccal micronucleus test showed that both MNC and BNC frequencies were higher among the workers, in comparison to the control subjects. A positive correlation has been found between BLL and all the parameters. Our results indicate an increased health associated risk for workers occupationally exposed to lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorawar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar Punjab, India
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Cytogenetic abnormality in exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa in head and neck cancer patients in the Tunisian population: impact of different exposure sources. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:905252. [PMID: 23957010 PMCID: PMC3727183 DOI: 10.1155/2013/905252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome/DNA instability could be one of the primary causes of malignant cell transformation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the spontaneous genetic damages in exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa of head and neck cancer (HNC) by counting micronucleus (MN) and binucleated (BN) cells frequencies. MN and BN frequencies were significantly increased in HNC patients compared with controls (5.53 ± 3.09/1000 cells, 5.63 ± 2.99/1000 cells versus 2.36 ± 2.11/1000 cells, 3.09 ± 1.82/1000 cells, P < 0.001). Regarding the gender and the age, the frequencies of the MN and BN were significantly higher than those of controls (P < 0.01). The evaluation of the MN and BN frequencies revealed a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the cases in relation to the control group after controlling the risk factors (tobacco smoking and chewing and occupational exposure) of HNC. Moreover, MN and BN frequencies were significantly increased in smokers and chewers compared with nonsmokers and nonchewers among patients (P < 0.05). MN frequency was significantly (P = 0.014) different between patients occupationally exposed (6.99 ± 3.40/1000 cells) and nonexposed (4.70 ± 2.48/1000 cells) among HNC group. The logistic regression model illustrated that HNC was significantly associated with frequencies of MN (OR = 8.63, P < 0.0001) and BN (OR = 5.62, P = 0.001). Our results suggest that increased chromosome/DNA instabilities may be associated with HNC.
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Deprez K, Robbens J, Nobels I, Vanparys C, Vanermen G, Tirez K, Michiels L, Weltens R. DISCRISET: a battery of tests for fast waste classification--application of tests on waste extracts. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:2218-2228. [PMID: 22770807 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Hazardous Waste Directive (HWD, Council Directive 91/689/EC, 1991) provides a framework for classification of hazardous waste, based on 15 Hazard (H)-criteria. For complex wastes the HWD foresees the application of toxicity tests on the waste material itself to assess its toxic properties. However, these proposed test methods often involve mammalian testing, which is not acceptable from an ethical point of view, nor is it feasible economically. The DISCRISET project was initiated to investigate the use of alternative chemical and biological fast screening tests for waste hazard classification. In the first part of the project, different methods were reviewed and a testing strategy was proposed to minimize time and cost of analysis by a tiered approach. This includes as a first tier chemical analysis followed by a general acute toxicity screen as a second tier and as a third tier mechanistic toxicity tests to assess chronic toxicity (genotoxicity, hormone disturbance, teratogenic effects, immunologic activity). In this phase of the project, selected methods were applied to 16 different waste samples from various sources and industries. The first tier chemical tests are recommended for the full characterization of the leachate fraction (inorganics) but not for the organic fraction of samples. Here the chemical characterization is only useful if toxic content is known or suspected. As second tier the fast bacterial test Microtox is validated as a general toxicity screen for the organic fraction (worst case organic extract). Samples that are not classified in tier 1 or 2 are then further investigated in the third tier by the mechanistic toxicity tests and tested for their potential chronic toxicity: immune activity (TNF-α upregulation) is indicative for corrosive, irritating or sensitising effects (H4/H8/H15), reproductive effects (H10) are indicated by hormone disturbance and early life stage abnormalities in fish larvae when exposed to the extracts and mutagenicity and carcinogenicity (H7, H11) are indicated by SOS response induction and increased mutation frequency in the Ames test when exposed to the extracts. Results indicate that the combination of chemical tests and bioassays allows important hazardous properties to be addressed and the tiered approach ensures that the tests are performed quickly and economically. The suggested strategy provides a solid and ethical alternative to the methods described in the HWD and is a vast improvement on the current, arbitrary classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deprez
- University of Hasselt - Biomedical Research Institute, University Hasselt, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan C, B3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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The best sampling time in buccal micronucleus cytome assay . Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2012; 25:310-3; author reply 314-5. [PMID: 22729490 DOI: 10.2478/s13382-012-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Pereira da Silva VH, Gomes de Moura CF, Spadari-Bratfisch RC, Araki Ribeiro D. Cytogenetic biomonitoring of peripheral blood and oral mucosa cells from car painters. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:497-501. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.680621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Moro AM, Brucker N, Charão M, Bulcão R, Freitas F, Baierle M, Nascimento S, Valentini J, Cassini C, Salvador M, Linden R, Thiesen F, Buffon A, Moresco R, Garcia SC. Evaluation of genotoxicity and oxidative damage in painters exposed to low levels of toluene. Mutat Res 2012; 746:42-8. [PMID: 22405974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Toluene is an organic solvent used in numerous processes and products, including industrial paints. Toluene neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity are well recognized; however, its genotoxicity is still under discussion, and toluene is not classified as a carcinogenic solvent. Using the comet assay and the micronucleus test for detection of possible genotoxic effects of toluene, we monitored industrial painters from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The putative involvement of oxidative stress in genetic damage and the influences of age, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exposure time were also assessed. Although all biomarkers of toluene exposure were below the biological exposure limits, painters presented significantly higher DNA damage (comet assay) than the control group; however, in the micronucleus assay, no significant difference was observed. Painters also showed alterations in hepatic enzymes and albumin levels, as well as oxidative damage, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress. According to multiple linear regression analysis, blood toluene levels may account for the increased DNA damage in painters. In summary, this study showed that low levels of toluene exposure can cause genetic damage, and this is related to oxidative stress, age, and time of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Moro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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