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Yu J, Xie J, Xie H, Hu Q, Wu Z, Cai X, Guo Z, Lin J, Han L, Zhang D. Strategies for Taste Masking of Orodispersible Dosage Forms: Time, Concentration, and Perception. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3007-3025. [PMID: 35848076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Orodispersible dosage forms, characterized as quick dissolving and swallowing without water, have recently gained great attention from the pharmaceutical industry, as these forms can satisfy the needs of children, the elderly, and patients suffering from mental illnesses. However, poor taste by thorough exposure of the drugs' dissolution in the oral cavity hinders the effectiveness of the orodispersible dosage forms. To bridge this gap, we put forward three taste-masking strategies with respect to the intensity of time, concentration, and perception. We further investigated the raw material processing, the composition of auxiliary material, formulation techniques, and process control in each strategy and drew conclusions about their effects on taste masking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Huijuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Qi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China
| | - Xinfu Cai
- Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou 611930, PR China
| | - Zhiping Guo
- Sichuan Houde Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
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Zhang TY, Du RF, Wang YJ, Hu JL, Wu F, Feng Y. Research Progress of Preparation Technology of Ion-Exchange Resin Complexes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:105. [PMID: 35381945 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As insoluble polymer materials, ion-exchange resins (IERs) can exchange their own ions with desirable charged ions in the solution. According to the affinity of active moieties for soluble counterions, IERs could be categorized into the following four types: strongly acidic cation, weakly acidic cation, strongly basic anion, and weakly basic anion exchange resins. Due to their relative safety and high drug-loading capacity, IERs have garnered extensive attention in the pharmaceutical field since the 1950s. As numerous investigations combine drugs with IERs, this article summarizes the technologies employed in these studies from four aspects: IER screening principles, combining technologies, characterization methods, and in vitro and in vivo release of drug-resinate complexes. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies and their scope are expounded. The article provides new insights on the preparation of ion-exchange resin complexes.
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Formulation of sustained-release orodispersible film containing drug–resin complexes of donepezil hydrochloride. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-022-00560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Study on the Complexation and Release Mechanism of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Ion Exchange Resin Complex. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244394. [PMID: 34960946 PMCID: PMC8708423 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of ion exchange resin, it has been widely used in many fields, including drug delivery systems. The drug binds to the resin through an exchange reaction to form a drug–resin complex, which can gradually release drugs through the exchange of physiological ions in the gastrointestinal tract, to realize functions such as taste masking and regulating release. In this study, the complexes of methylphenidate hydrochloride and Amberlite IRP69 were prepared and evaluated to explore the mechanism of complexation, influencing factors and release mechanism at a molecular level. Firstly, with the properties of the selected complexes, molecular dynamics simulation was innovatively used to find that the intermolecular interaction between drug molecules and ion exchange resin molecules is mainly caused by the stacking effect of π and salt bridges. Secondly, with the drug loading status as an indicator, the factors affecting the compounding process of the drug and resin were explored. Finally, the release mechanism of the drug–resin complex was studied by mathematical model fitting. In summary, a variety of methods were used to study the mechanism of complexation and release between drug and resin, providing a theoretical basis for promoting the marketing of ion−exchange resin−mediated oral preparations.
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Ahmad R, Omidian H. A cellulose-based therapeutic polymer to deter intravenous drug abuse. Int J Pharm 2020; 577:119042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Tang H, Ren W, Gao X, Sun Y, Zhao QX, Wang F, Liu J. Development and optimization of levodopa and benzylhydrazine orally disintegrating tablets by direct compression and response surface methodology. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 46:42-49. [PMID: 31794271 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1698597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The number of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with the advanced phase and motor fluctuations is increasing. The objective of this study is developing levodopa/benzylhydrazine orally disintegrating tablets (L/B ODTs), which would provide greater convenience and ease of use than conventional tablets for these patients. In the present study, the L/B ODTs were developed successfully with an optimized formulation using response surface methodology (RSM). The direct compression technology was employed for the preparation of L/B ODTs. Considerably shorter disintegration time and faster dissolution profile were obtained under the optimum formulation with microcrystalline cellulose 25.7%, cross-polyvinylpyrrolidone 6.22% and Sodium carboxymethyl starch 5.36%. The content uniformity (%) of levodopa and benzylhydrazine was 50 ± 1.4% and 14.25 ± 0.6%, respectively. Thickness, friability, hardness and wetting time were 2.8 ± 0.05 mm, 0.46 ± 0.21%, 5.42 ± 1.1 kp and 31.2 ± 2.1 s, respectively, and all of data well comply with the General Principles of the Chinese Pharmacopeia. Mannitol of 22% in formulation could bring a pleasant taste: sweet, cool and refreshing. Almost all the volunteers felt that the ODTs had good taste, no roughness, and no gritty feeling, indicating that the ODTs prepared had good palatability, so patients will have good compliance when taking medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zewen Li
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Tang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangjian Sun
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiu Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Fanye Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Junhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Ahmad R, Omidian H. Development and in vitro evaluation of an abuse-deterrent formulation based on a crosslinked starch derivative. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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8
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Han X, Zhang S, Chai Z, Dong Y, He W, Yin L, Yang L, Qin C. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the taste-masking efficiency of Amberlite IRP88 as drug carries in chewable tablets. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Developments in Taste-Masking Techniques for Traditional Chinese Medicines. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030157. [PMID: 30213035 PMCID: PMC6161181 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of pharmacologically active substances, including chemotherapeutic drugs and the substances from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), always exhibit potent bioactivities after oral administration. However, their unpleasant taste (such as bitterness) and/or odor always decrease patient compliance and thus compromise their curative efficacies in clinical application. Therefore, the developments of taste-masking techniques are of great significance in improving their organoleptic properties. However, though a variety of taste-masking techniques have been successfully used to mask the unpalatable taste of chemotherapeutic drugs, their suitability for TCM substances is relatively limited. This is mainly due to the fact that the bitter ingredients existing in multicomponent TCM systems (i.e., effective fractions, single Chinese herbs, and compound preparations) are always unclear, and thus, there is lack of tailor-made taste-masking techniques to be utilized to conceal their unpleasant taste. The relevant studies are also relatively limited. As a whole, three types of taste-masking techniques are generally applied to TCM, including (i) functional masking via sweeteners, bitter blockers, and taste modifiers; (ii) physical masking via polymer film-coating or lipid barrier systems; and (iii) biochemical masking via intermolecular interaction, β-cyclodextrin inclusion, or ion-exchange resins. This review fully summarizes the results reported in this field with the purpose of providing an informative reference for relevant readers.
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Tan DCT, Ong JJ, Gokhale R, Heng PWS. Hot melt extrusion of ion-exchange resin for taste masking. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:385-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Adhikari S, Daftardar S, Fratev F, Rivera M, Sirimulla S, Alexander K, Boddu SH. Elucidation of the orientation of selected drugs with 2-hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin using 2D-NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. Int J Pharm 2018; 545:357-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Manda P, Popescu C, Juluri A, Janga K, Kakulamarri PR, Narishetty S, Narasimha Murthy S, Repka MA. Micronized Zaleplon Delivery via Orodispersible Film and Orodispersible Tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1358-1366. [PMID: 29352403 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The following research study focuses on improving the solubility of zaleplon (BCS class II drug) via micronization technique in order to enhance its oral delivery in orodispersible formulations. Zaleplon along with a surfactant solution was micronized by ultrasonication. The micronization process reduced the particle size of the crystalline drug about six-fold from its original size of 155.5 μm. The micronized zalepon dispersion was lyophilized to allow for a change in the state of matter (to a powder). The superior dissolution parameters (Q5, Q30, IDR, MDR, MDT, DE, and RDR) of zaleplon in microcrystalline form over the original crystalline form in in vitro dissolution studies had unraveled that micronization technique is an efficient tool in enhancing drug solubility. The micronized zaleplon solid dispersion (after lyophilization) was loaded into orodispersible tablet (ODT) and orodispersible film (ODF) formulations. The positive quality of ODT with adequate hardness and smooth texture was attributing to the presence of Pearlitol Flash® as a ready to use ODT platform. On the other hand, the ODF loaded with micronized zaleplon and prepared with Lycoat® RS 720 (as a film former) ensured adequate tensile strength. The disintegration time of ODT and ODF was 30 ± 5 and 35 ± 5 s, respectively. Thus, the orodispersible formulations containing micronized zaleplon have a strong potential for rapid disintegration following superior absorption in solution state through oral cavity into the blood stream, envisaging better oral delivery.
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Liu Y, Li P, Qian R, Sun T, Fang F, Wang Z, Ke X, Xu B. A novel and discriminative method of in vitro disintegration time for preparation and optimization of taste-masked orally disintegrating tablets of carbinoxamine maleate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018. [PMID: 29521132 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1449854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to mask bitter taste and decrease the disintegration time of carbinoxamine maleate (CAM) orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). In order to screen the prescription of ODTs, a novel modified in vitro disintegration method (MIVDM) was developed to measure the in vitro disintegration time. In this method, different concentrations of ethanol served as disintegration medium in order to delay the in vitro water absorption and disintegration process of tablets. The MIVDM demonstrated good in vitro and in vivo correlation and proved more precise and discriminative than other reported methods. In this research, ion exchange resins (IERs) were used to mask bitter taste for improving mouthfeel. The drug-resin ratio and reaction temperature were investigated to obtain the optimum carbinoxamine resin complexes (CRCs). The characterization of CRCs revealed an amorphous state. ODTs were prepared by direct compression. Superdisintegrants and diluents of ODTs were screened first. Further optimization was carried out by using Box-Behnken design. The effect of (X1) mannitol/microcrystalline cellulose ratio, (X2) the amount of low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose and (X3) the hardness was investigated for achieving the lowest (Y) in vitro disintegration time. Technological characterization, wetting time, water absorption ratio, and roughness degree were evaluated. The CRCs and ODTs proved successful taste-masking efficiency. The end product improved patients' compliance. The developed MIVDM was practical for commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Peng Li
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Rong Qian
- c Department of Pharmaceutics , Xiangbei Welman Pharmaceutical Company , Nanjing , China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- c Department of Pharmaceutics , Xiangbei Welman Pharmaceutical Company , Nanjing , China
| | - Fangzhi Fang
- c Department of Pharmaceutics , Xiangbei Welman Pharmaceutical Company , Nanjing , China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- c Department of Pharmaceutics , Xiangbei Welman Pharmaceutical Company , Nanjing , China
| | - Xue Ke
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Bohui Xu
- b School of Pharmacy , Nantong University , Nantong , China
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Coupland JN, Hayes JE. Physical approaches to masking bitter taste: lessons from food and pharmaceuticals. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2921-39. [PMID: 25205460 PMCID: PMC4898047 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many drugs and desirable phytochemicals are bitter, and bitter tastes are aversive. Food and pharmaceutical manufacturers share a common need for bitterness-masking strategies that allow them to deliver useful quantities of the active compounds in an acceptable form and in this review we compare and contrast the challenges and approaches by researchers in both fields. We focus on physical approaches, i.e., micro- or nano-structures to bind bitter compounds in the mouth, yet break down to allow release after they are swallowed. In all of these methods, the assumption is the degree of bitterness suppression depends on the concentration of bitterant in the saliva and hence the proportion that is bound. Surprisingly, this hypothesis has only rarely been fully tested using a combination of adequate human sensory trials and measurements of binding. This is especially true in pharmaceutical systems, perhaps due to the greater experimental challenges in sensory analysis of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Coupland
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 337 Food Science Building, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA,
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15
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Dissolution methodology for taste masked oral dosage forms. J Control Release 2014; 173:32-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Velpula A, Jukanti R, Janga KY, Sunkavalli S, Bandari S, Kandadi P, Veerareddy PR. Proliposome powders for enhanced intestinal absorption and bioavailability of raloxifene hydrochloride: effect of surface charge. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 39:1895-906. [PMID: 22458264 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.670641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of the present study was to investigate the combined prospective of proliposomes and surface charge for the improved oral delivery of raloxifene hydrochloride (RXH). Keeping this objective, the present systematic study was focused to formulate proliposomes by varying the ratio of hydrogenated soyphosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Furthermore, to assess the role of surface charge on improved absorption of RXH, anionic and cationic vesicles were prepared using dicetyl phosphate and stearylamine, respectively. The formulations were characterized for size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. The improved dissolution characteristics assessed from dissolution efficiency, mean dissolution rate were higher for proliposome formulations. The solid state characterization studies indicate the transformation of native crystalline form of the drug to amorphous and/or molecular state. The higher effective permeability coefficient and fraction absorbed in humans extrapolated from in situ single-pass intestinal absorption study data in rats provide an insight on the potential of proliposomes and cationic surface charge for augment in absorption across gastro intestinal barrier. To draw the conclusions, in vivo pharmacokinetic study carried out in rats indicate a threefold enhancement in the rate and extent of absorption of RXH from cationic proliposome formulation which unfurl the potential of proliposomes and role of cationic charge for improved oral delivery of RXH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Velpula
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Warangal , India
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Janga KY, Jukanti R, Sunkavalli S, Velpula A, Bandari S, Kandadi P, Veerareddy PR. In situabsorption and relative bioavailability studies of zaleplon loaded self-nanoemulsifying powders. J Microencapsul 2012; 30:161-72. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.714408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Janga KY, Jukanti R, Velpula A, Sunkavalli S, Bandari S, Kandadi P, Veerareddy PR. Bioavailability enhancement of zaleplon via proliposomes: Role of surface charge. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 80:347-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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