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Abstract
Objectives: Traumatic brain injury continue to be a public health issue, mainly as a result of road accidents and falls. Current epidemiological studies appear to be necessary for a better understanding and monitoring of this problem. This paper analyzes the evolution of these cases in Portugal from the late 1990s to 2014. Methods: The number of hospital admissions and of total mortality in the country were analyzed regarding 2011 and 2014. The results were compared with values obtained previously, for 1997. Results: Incidence rate decreased, being 137/100 000 in 1997 and 65/100 000 in 2014. The mortality rate has also decreased from 17/100 000 to 10/100 000. However, between 2011 and 2014, there was a trend to increase the total number of cases. The incidence rate by age group also differs, with fewer cases in the young adult population in 2014 contrasting with a very high mortality among people aged 80 or older, of 57/100 000. Men continue to show a greater incidence, presenting more hospitalization cases (1.4:1), and higher mortality (2.3:1). Conclusions: The results are consistent with other studies, revealing a decrease in cases, but a high mortality in the elderly population, and the need of more preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Emilia Santos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa Ringgold standard institution, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Institute of Health Sciences , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Nicole Agrela
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa Ringgold standard institution, Institute of Health Sciences , Lisbon , Portugal
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Dewan MC, Rattani A, Gupta S, Baticulon RE, Hung YC, Punchak M, Agrawal A, Adeleye AO, Shrime MG, Rubiano AM, Rosenfeld JV, Park KB. Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2019; 130:1080-1097. [PMID: 29701556 DOI: 10.3171/2017.10.jns17352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1215] [Impact Index Per Article: 243.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-the "silent epidemic"-contributes to worldwide death and disability more than any other traumatic insult. Yet, TBI incidence and distribution across regions and socioeconomic divides remain unknown. In an effort to promote advocacy, understanding, and targeted intervention, the authors sought to quantify the case burden of TBI across World Health Organization (WHO) regions and World Bank (WB) income groups. METHODS Open-source epidemiological data on road traffic injuries (RTIs) were used to model the incidence of TBI using literature-derived ratios. First, a systematic review on the proportion of RTIs resulting in TBI was conducted, and a meta-analysis of study-derived proportions was performed. Next, a separate systematic review identified primary source studies describing mechanisms of injury contributing to TBI, and an additional meta-analysis yielded a proportion of TBI that is secondary to the mechanism of RTI. Then, the incidence of RTI as published by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 was applied to these two ratios to generate the incidence and estimated case volume of TBI for each WHO region and WB income group. RESULTS Relevant articles and registries were identified via systematic review; study quality was higher in the high-income countries (HICs) than in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Sixty-nine million (95% CI 64-74 million) individuals worldwide are estimated to sustain a TBI each year. The proportion of TBIs resulting from road traffic collisions was greatest in Africa and Southeast Asia (both 56%) and lowest in North America (25%). The incidence of RTI was similar in Southeast Asia (1.5% of the population per year) and Europe (1.2%). The overall incidence of TBI per 100,000 people was greatest in North America (1299 cases, 95% CI 650-1947) and Europe (1012 cases, 95% CI 911-1113) and least in Africa (801 cases, 95% CI 732-871) and the Eastern Mediterranean (897 cases, 95% CI 771-1023). The LMICs experience nearly 3 times more cases of TBI proportionally than HICs. CONCLUSIONS Sixty-nine million (95% CI 64-74 million) individuals are estimated to suffer TBI from all causes each year, with the Southeast Asian and Western Pacific regions experiencing the greatest overall burden of disease. Head injury following road traffic collision is more common in LMICs, and the proportion of TBIs secondary to road traffic collision is likewise greatest in these countries. Meanwhile, the estimated incidence of TBI is highest in regions with higher-quality data, specifically in North America and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Dewan
- 1Global Neurosurgery Initiative, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Abbas Rattani
- 1Global Neurosurgery Initiative, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine
- 3Meharry Medical College, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Ronnie E Baticulon
- 5University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ya-Ching Hung
- 1Global Neurosurgery Initiative, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine
| | - Maria Punchak
- 1Global Neurosurgery Initiative, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine
- 6David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amit Agrawal
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amos O Adeleye
- 8Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan
- 9Department of Neurological Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mark G Shrime
- 1Global Neurosurgery Initiative, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine
- 10Office of Global Surgery and Health, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrés M Rubiano
- 11Neurosciences Institute, Neurosurgery Service, El Bosque University, El Bosque Clinic, MEDITECH-INUB Research Group, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jeffrey V Rosenfeld
- 12Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred Hospital
- 13Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and
- 14Department of Surgery, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kee B Park
- 1Global Neurosurgery Initiative, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine
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Which vascular access technique should be chosen during hypovolemic shock? Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34:1886-7. [PMID: 27352985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Peeters W, van den Brande R, Polinder S, Brazinova A, Steyerberg EW, Lingsma HF, Maas AIR. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in Europe. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2015; 157:1683-96. [PMID: 26269030 PMCID: PMC4569652 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-015-2512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical public health and socio-economic problem throughout the world, making epidemiological monitoring of incidence, prevalence and outcome of TBI necessary. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in Europe and to evaluate the methodology of incidence studies. Method We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of articles describing the epidemiology of TBI in European countries. A search was conducted in the PubMed electronic database using the terms: epidemiology, incidence, brain injur*, head injur* and Europe. Only articles published in English and reporting on data collected in Europe between 1990 and 2014 were included. Results In total, 28 epidemiological studies on TBI from 16 European countries were identified in the literature. A great variation was found in case definitions and case ascertainment between studies. Falls and road traffic accidents (RTA) were the two most frequent causes of TBI, with falls being reported more frequently than RTA. In most of the studies a peak TBI incidence was seen in the oldest age groups. In the meta-analysis, an overall incidence rate of 262 per 100,000 for admitted TBI was derived. Conclusions Interpretation of published epidemiologic studies is confounded by differences in inclusion criteria and case ascertainment. Nevertheless, changes in epidemiological patterns are found: falls are now the most common cause of TBI, most notably in elderly patients. Improvement of the quality of standardised data collection for TBI is mandatory for reliable monitoring of epidemiological trends and to inform appropriate targeting of prevention campaigns. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00701-015-2512-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.
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A nationwide study on the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Denmark, with emphasis on the risk of the fellow eye. Retina 2014; 34:1658-65. [PMID: 24978666 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the risk of developing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in the fellow eye in patients with RRD in the first eye and to identify potential risk factors. METHODS We used the Danish National Patient Registry to identify all surgeries performed for RRD in Denmark in the period from January 2000 to July 2011. RESULTS In 11,451 cases of RRD in the study period, 8,553 cases in 8,081 patients were identified as primary RRD with an annual incidence of 13.7 per 100,000 citizens. There was a significant increase in the number of cases with RRD during the study period that was mainly explained by an increase of cataract surgeries. Four hundred and seventy-one of 7,941 patients with primary RRD on one eye and no other previous eye disease developed an additional RRD in the fellow eye with an overall incidence of 1% per year. Cox analysis revealed male gender, surgery on the lens, and young age as significant risk factors (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Patients with RRD on the first eye have a 100 times greater risk of developing RRD on the second eye, and the risk increases with male gender and surgery on the lens but decreases with age.
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