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Lu HF, Zhou YC, Yang LT, Zhou Q, Wang XJ, Qiu SQ, Cheng BH, Zeng XH. Involvement and repair of epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergic diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348272. [PMID: 38361946 PMCID: PMC10867171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial barrier serves as a critical defense mechanism separating the human body from the external environment, fulfilling both physical and immune functions. This barrier plays a pivotal role in shielding the body from environmental risk factors such as allergens, pathogens, and pollutants. However, since the 19th century, the escalating threats posed by environmental pollution, global warming, heightened usage of industrial chemical products, and alterations in biodiversity have contributed to a noteworthy surge in allergic disease incidences. Notably, allergic diseases frequently exhibit dysfunction in the epithelial barrier. The proposed epithelial barrier hypothesis introduces a novel avenue for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Despite increased attention to the role of barrier dysfunction in allergic disease development, numerous questions persist regarding the mechanisms underlying the disruption of normal barrier function. Consequently, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epithelial barrier's role in allergic diseases, encompassing influencing factors, assessment techniques, and repair methodologies. By doing so, it seeks to present innovative strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fei Lu
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi-Chi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Tao Yang
- Clinical Laboratory Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xi-Jia Wang
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu-Qi Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bao-Hui Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian-Hai Zeng
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Selvakumar B, Eladham MW, Hafezi S, Ramakrishnan R, Hachim IY, Bayram OS, Sharif-Askari NS, Sharif-Askari FS, Ibrahim SM, Halwani R. Allergic Airway Inflammation Emerges from Gut Inflammation and Leakage in Mouse Model of Asthma. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300350. [PMID: 37752729 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an allergic airway inflammatory disease characterized by type 2 immune responses. Growing evidence suggests an association between allergic airways and intestinal diseases. However, the primary site of disease origin and initial mechanisms involved in the development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) is not yet understood. Therefore, the initial contributing organs and mechanisms involved in the development of AAI are investigated using a mouse model of asthma. This study, without a local allergen challenge into the lungs, demonstrates a significant increase in intestinal inflammation with signature type-2 mediators including IL-4, IL-13, STAT6, eosinophils, and Th2 cells. In addition, gut leakage and mRNA expressions of gut leakage markers significantly increase in the intestine. Moreover, reduced mRNA expressions of tight junction proteins are observed in gut and interestingly, in lung tissues. Furthermore, in lung tissues, an increased pulmonary barrier permeability and IL-4 and IL-13 levels associated with significant increase of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP-gut leakage marker) and eosinophils are observed. However, with local allergen challenges into the lungs, these mechanisms are further enhanced in both gut and lungs. In conclusion, the primary gut originated inflammatory responses translocates into the lungs to orchestrate AAI in a mouse model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Selvakumar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Mariam Wed Eladham
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Shirin Hafezi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Rakhee Ramakrishnan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Ibrahim Yaseen Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Ola Salam Bayram
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Saleh Mohamed Ibrahim
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Deapartment of Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
- Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
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Guo J, Meng X, Zheng YM, Zhao SK, Qiang C, Zhou LB. Cigarette Smoke Mediates Nasal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction via TNF-α. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2023; 37:646-655. [PMID: 37424240 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231184741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive data suggest that exposure to cigarette smoke can induce pulmonary epithelial barrier dysfunction. However, the effects of cigarette smoke on the nasal epithelial barrier are still unclear. Here, we investigated the consequence and mechanism of cigarette smoke on the nasal epithelial barrier. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 3 or 6 months, and changes in inflammatory markers and nasal barrier function were evaluated. Moreover, underlying mechanisms were explored. Finally, normal human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured with or without tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in vitro, and the levels of continuity and tight junction-associated proteins were measured. RESULTS In vivo experiments showed that the nasal mucosal barrier function of rats exposed to cigarette smoke was disturbed. Indeed, proteins associated with tight junctions were decreased, and the levels of inflammatory factors, such as IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α, were dramatically increased in comparison to those of control animals. In vitro, TNF-α was shown to disrupt the continuity of proteins associated with tight junctions and to downregulate the expression of these proteins in bronchial epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS We found that cigarette smoke disrupted the nasal mucosal barrier, and the extent of the damage was correlated with the duration of cigarette smoke exposure. We showed that TNF-α can disrupt the continuity and attenuate the expression of tight junction proteins in human bronchial epithelial cells. Therefore, cigarette smoke may induce nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction through TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao-Ming Zheng
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Kun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Chen Qiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Bo Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Ding Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Dang B, Hu S, Zhao C, Huang Y, Zheng G, Ma T, Zhang T. Alpha-linolenic acid improves nasal mucosa epithelial barrier function in allergic rhinitis by arresting CD4 + T cell differentiation via IL-4Rα-JAK2-STAT3 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154825. [PMID: 37178572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) defined as inflammation and tissue remodeling of the nasal mucosa in atopic individuals after allergen exposure. Alpha-linolenic acid [cis-9, cis-12, cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid (18:3)] (ALA) as dietary supplementation can reduce inflammation and allergic symptoms. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential therapeutic effect and mechanism of ALA in AR mouse model. METHODS Ovalbumin sensitized AR mouse model were challenged with oral ALA administration. Nasal symptoms, tissue pathology, immune cell infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia were investigated. Levels of IgE, TNF-β, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, IL-13 and IL-25 were determined by ELISA in serum and nasal fluid. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence were performed for occludin and zonula occludens-1 expression. CD3+CD4+ T-cells from peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes were isolated and Th1/Th2 ratio were determined. Mouse naive CD4+ T cell were isolated and Th1/Th2 ratio, IL-4Rα expression, and IL5/IL13 secretion were determined. IL-4Rα-JAK2-STAT3 pathway change in AR mice were performed by western blot. RESULTS Ovalbumin induced AR, nasal symptoms, pathological performance, IgE, and cytokine production. ALA treated mice showed reduced nasal symptoms, nasal inflammation, nasal septum thickening, goblet cell hyperplasia, and eosinophil infiltration. In serum and nasal fluid of ovalbumin challenged mice, ALA decreased IgE, IL-4 levels, and the increase of Th2-cells. ALA prevented the disruption of the epithelial cell barrier in ovalbumin-challenged AR mice. Simultaneously, ALA prevents IL-4 induced barrier disruption. ALA treatment of AR by affecting the differentiation stage of CD4+T cells and block IL-4Rα-JAK2-STAT3 pathway. CONCLUSION This study suggests that ALA has the potential therapeutic effect to ovalbumin-induced AR. ALA can affect the differentiation stage of CD4+T cells and improve epithelial barrier functions through IL-4Rα-JAK2-STAT3 pathways. CLINICAL IMPLICATION ALA might be considered as drug candidate for improving epithelial barrier function through Th1/Th2 ratio recovery in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Baowen Dang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shiting Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chenrui Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yihan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tianyou Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Grimm D, Hwang PH, Lin YT. The link between allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 31:3-10. [PMID: 36729858 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are common disorders affecting millions of people worldwide. Although allergic rhinitis and CRS are distinct clinical entities, certain CRS endotypes share similar pathological mechanisms as those seen in patients with allergic rhinitis. This review assesses the literature behind the similarities and differences seen in patients with CRS and allergic rhinitis, and the role atopy might play in the pathophysiology of CRS. RECENT FINDINGS In examining the associations between allergic rhinitis and CRS, most studies have focused primarily on CRS with nasal polyps and type 2 inflammation in CRS. Recent studies have demonstrated the similarities and differences in pathologic mechanisms behind allergic rhinitis and CRS, with an emphasis on patient endotypes, genetics, and the nasoepithelial immunologic barrier. Related immunopathology shared by allergic rhinitis and type 2 inflammation in CRS has allowed for therapeutic overlap with biologic treatments. SUMMARY Allergic rhinitis and CRS often present as comorbid conditions, and understanding the relationship between allergic rhinitis and CRS is important when considering treatment options. Advances in understanding the genetics and immunology, as well as biologic and immunotherapeutic treatments have improved outcomes in patients with CRS, especially in the setting of atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter H Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yi-Tsen Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen Q, Shao L, Li Y, Dai M, Liu H, Xiang N, Chen H. Tanshinone IIA alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis symptoms by inhibiting Th2 cytokine production and mast cell histamine release in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:326-333. [PMID: 35167426 PMCID: PMC8856108 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2034894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Studies have shown that tanshinone IIA (TIIA) has an anti-inflammatory effect, but the effect on allergic rhinitis (AR) is unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, we explore the effect of TIIA on AR. MATERIALS AND METHODS AR mice model was established by the intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 50 μg ovalbumin (OVA). AR mice in the dose tested groups were treated with TIIA (10 mg/kg/d, ip) or dexamethasone (Dex) (2.5 mg/kg/d, oral). The number of nasal rubbing in mice was counted. Inflammatory, goblet and mast cells in nasal mucosal tissue were detected. The contents of histamine, OVA-immunoglobulin E (IgE), OVA-immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-12 in nasal lavage fluid (NALF) or serum were measured. Human mast cells (HMC-1) were treated with C48/80 to release histamine or TIIA for therapeutic effect, and the cell viability, histamine content and mast cell degranulation were examined. RESULTS OVA promoted the number of nasal rubbings in mice (78 times/10 min, p< 0.001), increased the inflammatory, goblet and mast cells in nasal mucosal tissue, and significantly (p< 0.001) elevated the levels of histamine (120 ng/mL), OVA-IgE (2 pg/mL), OVA-IgG1 (90 ng/mL), TNF-α (2.3 pg/mL), IL-4 (150 pg/mL) and IL-5 (65 pg/mL) in serum or NALF of OVA-induced AR mice. However, both TIIA and Dex inhibited the effect of OVA on AR mice. Besides, TIIA reversed the promotion of histamine release (30%) and mast cell degranulation induced by C48/80. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS TIIA alleviates OVA-induced AR symptoms in AR mice, and may be applied as a therapeutic drug for patients with Th2-, or mast cell-allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Shao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mian Dai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Siti Sarah CO, Nur Husna SM, Md. Shukri N, Wong KK, Mohd Ashari NS. Zonula occludens-1 expression is reduced in nasal epithelial cells of allergic rhinitis patients. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13314. [PMID: 35480562 PMCID: PMC9037125 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common allergic disease characterized by disruption of nasal epithelial barrier. In this study, we investigated the mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), ZO-2 and ZO-3 and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 in AR patients compared to healthy controls. RNA samples were extracted from nasal epithelial cells of house dust mites (HDMs)-sensitized AR patients and healthy controls (n = 28 in each group). The RNAs were reverse transcribed into cDNAs for measurement of ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression levels by quantitative PCR. The mRNA expression of ZO-1 was significantly decreased in AR patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.010). No significant difference was observed in the expression levels of ZO-2, ZO-3, HDAC1 and HDAC2 in AR patients compared to healthy controls. We found significant associations of higher HDAC2 levels in AR patients with lower frequency of changing bedsheet (p = 0.043) and with AR patients sensitized to Dermatophagoides farinae (p = 0.041). Higher expression of ZO-2 was observed in AR patients who had pets (p = 0.007). In conclusion, our data indicated that ZO-1 expression was lower in AR patients contributing to decreased integrity of nasal epithelial barrier integrity, and HDAC2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Othman Siti Sarah
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Muhamad Nur Husna
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norasnieda Md. Shukri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Suryani Mohd Ashari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Nur Husna SM, Md Shukri N, Tuan Sharif SE, Tan HTT, Mohd Ashari NS, Wong KK. IL-4/IL-13 Axis in Allergic Rhinitis: Elevated Serum Cytokines Levels and Inverse Association With Tight Junction Molecules Expression. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:819772. [PMID: 35372516 PMCID: PMC8969661 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.819772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-4/IL-13 axis is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR). In this study, we investigated the serum cytokines levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13 in AR patients, and the transcript expression levels of their receptors (i.e. IL4R, IL5RA, IL6R, and IL13RA1) in nasal epithelial cells of AR patients versus non-allergic controls. Nasal epithelial cells and blood samples of non-allergic controls (n = 30) and AR patients (n = 30) were collected to examine mRNA expression and serum cytokines levels, respectively. Bioinformatics analyses of IL-4/IL-13 receptor heterodimer association with tight junction (TJ) and JAK/STAT signaling genes were conducted in a gene expression profiling (GEP) dataset (GSE44037) of AR patients (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 6). Serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 or IL-13 levels, and IL13RA1 transcript expression were significantly higher in AR patients compared with non-allergic controls. IL-4 and IL-13 serum levels were positively correlated with IL13RA1 expression in AR patients but not in non-allergic controls. In the GEP dataset (GSE44037), six TJ (CLDN4, CLDN7, CLDN12, CLDN15, TJP1, and TJP2) genes’ expressions were negatively correlated, respectively, with IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 heterodimeric receptor expression in AR patients and not in control samples. These six TJ genes contributed to the significant enrichment of tight junction Gene Ontology (GO ID: 0070160). Lastly, STATs DNA binding motif analysis showed that each of these TJ genes contains STATs binding consensus sequence within intronic and intergenic regions. Our results suggest that increased IL-4/IL-13 serum cytokines levels may contribute to decreased TJs expression via IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 heterodimeric receptor in nasal epithelium of AR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Muhamad Nur Husna
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Norasnieda Md Shukri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | | | - Hern Tze Tina Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Noor Suryani Mohd Ashari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Kah Keng Wong,
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Stamataki S, Papadopoulos N, Lakoumentas J, Georgountzou A, Maggina P, Xepapadaki P, Andreakos E, Prokopakis E, Legaki E, Taka S. Nasal epithelium: new insights and differences of the cytokine profile between normal subjects and subjects with allergic rhinitis. RHINOLOGY ONLINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4193/rhinol/21.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of the nasal epithelium in the induction of a proper cytokine response in normal subjects and subjects with allergic rhinitis is still not completely elucidated. Methodology: We aimed to compare nasal epithelial immune responses in allergic rhinitis patients of different ages compared to healthy volunteers. Primary nasal epithelial cells from 47 subjects (33 normal and 17 with allergic rhinitis) were collected and cultured. Their unstimulated supernatants were analysed for 21 cytokines and chemokines. Statistical analysis was performed with the R statistical software and the RStudio interface. Results: Differences of the spontaneous release of epithelial cytokines and chemokines were noticed between the two study groups. The levels of GMCSF, MIP1A, MIP1B, IL28A, TNFA, CCL5 were significantly lower in the allergic rhinitis group compared to healthy volunteers’ group, independent of age. Most differences were noticed in the younger allergic rhinitis group (0-12 years old). Conclusions: Despite the cross-sectional nature of the study and the limited number of subjects, allergic rhinitis appears to be associated with dysfunction of cytokine and chemokine spontaneous release from nasal epithelial cells which may represent an abnormal innate immunity maturation pattern.
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Barrier Impairment and Type 2 Inflammation in Allergic Diseases: The Pediatric Perspective. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8121165. [PMID: 34943362 PMCID: PMC8700706 DOI: 10.3390/children8121165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases represent a global burden. Although the patho-physiological mechanisms are still poorly understood, epithelial barrier dysfunction and Th2 inflammatory response play a pivotal role. Barrier dysfunction, characterized by a loss of differentiation, reduced junctional integrity, and altered innate defence, underpins the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Epithelial barrier impairment may be a potential therapeutic target for new treatment strategies Up now, monoclonal antibodies and new molecules targeting specific pathways of the immune response have been developed, and others are under investigation, both for adult and paediatric populations, which are affected by atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), or eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). In children affected by severe asthma biologics targeting IgE, IL-5 and against IL-4 and IL-13 receptors are already available, and they have also been applied in CRSwNP. In severe AD Dupilumab, a biologic which inhibits both IL-4 and IL-13, the most important cytokines involved in inflammation response, has been approved for treatment of patients over 12 years. While a biological approach has already shown great efficacy on the treatment of severe atopic conditions, early intervention to restore epithelial barrier integrity, and function may prevent the inflammatory response and the development of the atopic march.
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Tung NT, Ho KF, Niu X, Sun J, Shen Z, Wu F, Cao J, Dung HB, Thuy TPC, Hsiao TC, Liu WT, Chuang HC. Loss of E-cadherin due to road dust PM 2.5 activates the EGFR in human pharyngeal epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53872-53887. [PMID: 34036507 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to road dust particulate matter (PM) causes adverse health impacts on the human airway. However, the effects of road dust on the upper airway epithelium in humans remain unclear. We investigated the involvement of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) after PM with an aerodynamic diameter of < 2.5 μm (PM2.5)-induced E-cadherin disruption of human pharyngeal epithelial cells. First, we collected road dust PM2.5 from 10 Chinese cities, including Wuhan, Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Beijing, Lanzhou, Tianjin, Harbin, and Xi'an. Human pharyngeal FaDu cells were exposed to road dust PM2.5 at 50 μg/mL for 24 h, cytotoxicity (cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) was assessed, and expressions of the proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-6 and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), occludin, E-cadherin, EGFR, and phosphorylated (p)-EGFR were determined. The E-cadherin gene was then knocked down to investigate EGFR activation in FaDu cells. Exposure to road dust PM2.5 resulted in a decrease in cell viability and increases in LDH and IL-6. Our data suggested that PM2.5 could decrease expressions of occludin and E-cadherin and increase expressions of EGFR and p-EGFR, which was confirmed by E-cadherin-knockdown. Our results showed a negative association between the alterations in E-cadherin and total elemental components in correlation analysis, especially S, Cl, K, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Exposure to metals in PM2.5 from road dust may lead to loss of the barrier function of the upper airway epithelium and activation of the EGFR. Our study showed the adverse effects of road dust PM2.5 on pharyngeal epithelial cells of the human upper airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Tung
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Hoang Ba Dung
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Phan Chung Thuy
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Te Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Kaymak T, Hruz P, Niess JH. Immune system and microbiome in the esophagus: implications for understanding inflammatory diseases. FEBS J 2021; 289:4758-4772. [PMID: 34213831 PMCID: PMC9542113 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the largest compartment of the body's immune system exposed to microorganisms, structural components and metabolites, antigens derived from the diet, and pathogens. Most studies have focused on immune responses in the stomach, the small intestine, and the colon, but the esophagus has remained an understudied anatomic immune segment. Here, we discuss the esophagus' anatomical and physiological distinctions that may account for inflammatory esophageal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanay Kaymak
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Hruz
- Clarunis - University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Clarunis - University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Epithelial dysfunction in chronic respiratory diseases, a shared endotype? Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021; 26:20-26. [PMID: 31688241 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epithelial barrier defects are being appreciated in various inflammatory disorders; however, causal underlying mechanisms are lacking. In this review, we describe the disruption of the airway epithelium with regard to upper and lower airway diseases, the role of epigenetic alterations underlying this process, and potential novel ways of interfering with dysfunctional epithelial barriers as a novel therapeutic approach. RECENT FINDINGS A defective epithelial barrier, impaired innate defence mechanisms or hampered epithelial cell renewal are found in upper and lower airway diseases. Barrier dysfunction might facilitate the entrance of foreign substances, initiating and facilitating the onset of disease. Latest data provided novel insights for possible involvement of epigenetic alterations induced by inflammation or other unknown mechanisms as a potential mechanism responsible for epithelial defects. Additionally, these mechanisms might precede disease development, and represent a novel therapeutic approach for restoring epithelial defects. SUMMARY A better understanding of the role of epigenetics in driving and maintaining epithelial defects in various inflammatory diseases, using state-of-the-art biology tools will be crucial in designing novel therapies to protect or reconstitute a defective airway epithelial barrier.
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14
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Lee K, Byun J, Kim B, Yeon J, Tai J, Lee SH, Kim TH. TRPV4-Mediated Epithelial Junction Disruption in Allergic Rhinitis Triggered by House Dust Mites. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2020; 35:432-440. [PMID: 33012175 DOI: 10.1177/1945892420964169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial barrier disruption is a crucial feature of allergic rhinitis (AR). Previous reports have indicated the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 4 in regulating the intercellular junctions in various cells. However, the role of TRPV4 and its regulation by T helper 2 cell cytokines in the epithelial cells of patients with AR remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate the expression of TRPV4 in nasal epithelial cells and its cytokine-induced regulation, and to reveal its role in house dust mite-induced junction disruption in AR. METHODS The expression of TRPV4 in nasal epithelial cells was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemical assays, and the expression levels were compared between the patients with AR and healthy controls. Altered expression of TRPV4 was induced in cultured nasal epithelial cells by stimulation of interleukin (IL) 4, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. In addition, expression of E-cadherin and zonula occludens 1 was induced in Der p 1-stimulated epithelial cells by treatment with either a TRPV4 agonist (GSK1016790A) or a TRPV4 antagonist (RN1734). RESULTS TRPV4 expression was increased in epithelial cells harvested from the affected turbinates compared to those from the normal turbinates. The stimulation of cultured epithelial cells with IL-4 and IL-13 resulted in TRPV4 upregulation. Additionally, E-cadherin and zonula occludens 1 expression levels decreased in the cultured epithelial cells treated with GSK1016790A after stimulation with Der p 1, whereas Der p 1 stimulation alone showed no effect on junctional protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Increased TRPV4 expression occurred in epithelial cells harvested from patients with AR and epithelial cells stimulated by Th2 cytokines. Decreased junctional protein expression in epithelial cells after the stimulation by house dust mite allergen with TRPV4 agonist indicates a possible role of TRPV4 in the pathogenesis of allergen-induced epithelial barrier disruption in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijeong Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junhyoung Byun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwoo Yeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junhu Tai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hag Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Huang ZQ, Liu J, Ong HH, Yuan T, Zhou XM, Wang J, Tan KS, Chow VT, Yang QT, Shi L, Ye J, Wang DY. Interleukin-13 Alters Tight Junction Proteins Expression Thereby Compromising Barrier Function and Dampens Rhinovirus Induced Immune Responses in Nasal Epithelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572749. [PMID: 33102478 PMCID: PMC7546404 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are intercellular structures which are essential for epithelial barrier function and play an important role in antimicrobial defense. Epithelium dysfunction and type-2-skewed inflammation are two main pathological phenomena of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the effect of pro-inflammatory type-2 cytokine IL-13 on TJs in CRSwNP is poorly understood. Nasal biopsies of CRSwNP patients and in vitro IL-13-matured human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) were used to analyze epithelial markers and TJ proteins. Epithelium permeability, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), expression of TJs were quantified for IL-13-matured hNECs and that with RV infection. The expression of occludin, claudin-3, and ZO-1 were significantly decreased in CRSwNP biopsies and in hNECs after IL-13 treatment. IL-13 treatment increased epithelium permeability, decreased TEER and altered hNECs composition resulting in lesser ciliated cells and mucus over-secretion. Interestingly, claudin-3 is selectively expressed on ciliated cells. While RV infection induced minimal changes to TJs, the IL-13-matured hNECs has reduced capacity for upregulation of IFN-λ1 and CXCL10 but further increased the expression of TSLP upon RV infection. These findings suggested that IL-13-mediated dysfunction of TJs and compromised epithelial barrier. IL-13-induced cilia loss conferred lowered viral replication and impaired antiviral responses of nasal epithelium against RV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tian Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Min Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Otolaryngology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent T Chow
- NUHS Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qin-Tai Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Siti Sarah CO, Md Shukri N, Mohd Ashari NS, Wong KK. Zonula occludens and nasal epithelial barrier integrity in allergic rhinitis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9834. [PMID: 32953271 PMCID: PMC7476493 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease affecting 400 million of the population worldwide. Nasal epithelial cells form a barrier against the invasion of environmental pathogens. These nasal epithelial cells are connected together by tight junction (TJ) proteins including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), ZO-2 and ZO-3. Impairment of ZO proteins are observed in AR patients whereby dysfunction of ZOs allows allergens to pass the nasal passage into the subepithelium causing AR development. In this review, we discuss ZO proteins and their impairment leading to AR, regulation of their expression by Th1 cytokines (i.e., IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ), Th2 cytokines (i.e., IL-4 and IL-13) and histone deacetylases (i.e., HDAC1 and HDAC2). These findings are pivotal for future development of targeted therapies by restoring ZO protein expression and improving nasal epithelial barrier integrity in AR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Othman Siti Sarah
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norasnieda Md Shukri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Suryani Mohd Ashari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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17
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Kortekaas Krohn I, Seys SF, Lund G, Jonckheere A, Dierckx de Casterlé I, Ceuppens JL, Steelant B, Hellings PW. Nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction increases sensitization and mast cell degranulation in the absence of allergic inflammation. Allergy 2020; 75:1155-1164. [PMID: 31769882 DOI: 10.1111/all.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased epithelial permeability has been reported in allergic rhinitis, with histamine and type-2 inflammation being responsible for tight junction dysfunction. The impact of an epithelial barrier defect on allergic sensitization and mast cell (MC) degranulation remains speculative. METHODS Transepithelial passage of allergens was evaluated on primary human nasal epithelial cell cultures. Active sensitization was attempted by repeated intranasal ovalbumin (OVA) applications in Naïve mice. In a passive sensitization model, mice were injected with IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (rDer p)2 and then exposed intranasally to the allergen. Chitosan was used to disrupt nasal epithelial integrity in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Chitosan strongly reduced transepithelial electrical resistance and facilitated transepithelial allergen passage in cultured primary nasal epithelial cells. In vivo, intranasal chitosan affected occludin expression and facilitated allergen passage. After epithelial barrier disruption, intranasal OVA application induced higher OVA-specific IgG1 and total IgE in serum, and increased eosinophilia and interleukin-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) compared to sham-OVA mice. Chitosan exposure, prior to rDer p2 allergen challenge in passively sensitized mice, resulted in increased β-hexosaminidase levels in serum and BAL compared to sham-rDer p2 mice. Intranasal treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid fluticasone propionate prevented chitosan-induced barrier dysfunction, allergic sensitization, and MC degranulation. CONCLUSION Epithelial barrier dysfunction facilitates transepithelial allergen passage, allergic sensitization, and allergen-induced MC degranulation even in the absence of inflammatory environment. These results emphasize the crucial role of an intact epithelial barrier in prevention of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Kortekaas Krohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research group KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Sven F. Seys
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research group KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases (EUFOREA) Brussels Belgium
| | | | - Anne‐Charlotte Jonckheere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research group KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Isabelle Dierckx de Casterlé
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research group KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Jan L. Ceuppens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research group KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Brecht Steelant
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research group KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Peter W. Hellings
- Clinical Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Clinical Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Ghent Ghent Belgium
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18
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Bergougnan C, Dittlein DC, Hümmer E, Riepl R, Eisenbart S, Böck D, Griesbaum L, Weigl A, Damialis A, Hartwig A, Neumann AU, Zenk J, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Gilles S. Physical and immunological barrier of human primary nasal epithelial cells from non-allergic and allergic donors. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100109. [PMID: 32180893 PMCID: PMC7063333 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell-derived cytokine milieu has been discussed as a “master switch” in the development of allergic disease. To understand the role of innate immune response in nasal epithelial cells during allergic inflammation, we created and established a fast and minimally invasive method to isolate and culture human nasal epithelial cells from clinically and immunologically well characterized patients. Human nasal epithelial cells from non-atopic volunteers and from allergic rhinitis patients were compared in respect to their growth, barrier integrity, pattern recognition, receptor expression, and immune responses to allergens and an array of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and inflammasome activators. Cells from nasal scrapings were clearly identified as nasal epithelial cells by staining of pan-Cytokeratin, Cytokeratin-14 and Tubulin. Additionally, Mucin 5AC staining revealed the presence of goblet cells, while staining of tight-junction protein Claudin-1, Occludin and ZO-1 showed the ability of the cells to form a tight barrier. Cells of atopic donors grew slower than cells of non-atopic donors. All nasal epithelial cells expressed TLR1-6 and 9, yet the expression of TLR-9 was lower in cells from allergic rhinitis (AR) donors. Additionally, epithelial cells from AR donors responded with a different TLR expression pattern to stimulation with TLR ligands. TLR-3 was the most potent modulator of cytokine and chemokine secretion in all human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). The secretion of IL-1β, CCL-5, IL-8, IL-18 and IL-33 was elevated in HNECs of AR donors as compared to cells of non-atopic donors. This was observed in the steady-state (IL-18, IL-33) as well as under stimulation with TLR ligands (IL-18, IL-33, CCL-5, IL-8), aqueous pollen extracts (IL-18, IL-33), or the inflammasome activator Nigericin (IL-1β). In conclusion, nasal epithelial cells of AR donors show altered physical barrier responses in steady-state and in response to allergen stimulation. Cells of AR donors show increased expression of pro-inflammatory and IL-1 family cytokines at baseline and under stimulation, which could contribute to a micromilieu which is favorable for Th2.
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Key Words
- ALI, Air liquid interphase
- APE, Aqueous pollen extract
- AR, Allergic rhinitis
- Allergic rhinitis
- HDM, House dust mite
- HNEC, Human nasal epithelial cell
- Inflammation
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide from E. Coli K12 (TLR-4 ligand)
- MyD88, Myeloid differentiation primary response 88
- Nasal epithelium
- PAMP, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- PRR, Pattern recognition receptor
- Pattern recognition receptor
- Pollen
- PolyIC, Polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (TLR-3 ligand)
- SAR, Seasonal allergic rhinitis
- SEM, Scanning electron microscopy
- TER, Transepithelial electrical resistance
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TRIF, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Bergougnan
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany.,Christine-Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-Care), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Daniela C Dittlein
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elke Hümmer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Augsburg University Medical School, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Rosalie Riepl
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Selina Eisenbart
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Böck
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Lena Griesbaum
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Anna Weigl
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Athanasios Damialis
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Avidan U Neumann
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Zenk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Augsburg University Medical School, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany.,Christine-Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-Care), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
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19
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Liu J, Cao Z. Protective Effect of Circular RNA (CircRNA) Ddx17 in Ovalbumin (OVA)-Induced Allergic Rhinitis (AR) Mice. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919083. [PMID: 31999672 PMCID: PMC7003661 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CircRNAs are involved in multiple biological processes, especially when they act as sponges of miRNA. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of circDdx17 on allergic rhinitis (AR) in an animal model, and determined the miRNA that was involved in this effect. Material/Methods The AR model was created by repetitive stimulation of ovalbumin (OVA). The levels of mRNAs in plasma were determined by qPCR. CircDdx17 stability was assessed using RNase R. The interaction between circDdx17 and miR-17-5p was predicted by bioinformatics and confirmed by dual luciferase assay. Moreover, the frequencies of rubbing and sneezing and pathological changes were recorded, and OVA-specific IgE, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-5 levels were detected by ELISA. Results Levels of circDdx17 were decreased in OVA-induced AR mice, and miR-17-5p interacted with circDdx17 in spleen cells derived from mice. Moreover, circDdx17 overexpression reduced the expression of miR-17-5p, OVA-specific IgE, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-5, as well as the frequencies of rubbing and sneezing, and alleviated pathological changes in OVA-induced AR mice. Conclusions CircDdx17 appears to have a protective effect on mice in the progression of AR. Specifically, overexpression of circDdx17 inhibited the expression of miR-17-5p and alleviated the condition of AR. Therefore, circDdx17 appears to be a good candidate for use in prevention of AR. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the circDdx17/miR-17-5p regulatory pathway requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongliao Hospital, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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20
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Gohy S, Hupin C, Ladjemi MZ, Hox V, Pilette C. Key role of the epithelium in chronic upper airways diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 50:135-146. [PMID: 31746062 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium of the upper airways is a first-line defence against inhaled irritants, pathogens and allergens. It ensures a physical barrier provided by apical junctions and mucociliary clearance to avoid excessive activation of the immune system. The epithelium also forms a chemical and immunological barrier, extensively equipped to protect the airways against external aggressions before the adaptive immune system is required. Under normal circumstances, the epithelium is capable of recovering rapidly after damage. This manuscript reviews these main properties of the upper airway epithelium as well as its reported impairments in chronic inflammatory diseases. The knowledge on normal epithelial functions and their dysregulation in upper airway diseases should help to design new epithelial-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gohy
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cloé Hupin
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maha Zohra Ladjemi
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Hox
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Byun J, Song B, Lee K, Kim B, Hwang HW, Ok MR, Jeon H, Lee K, Baek SK, Kim SH, Oh SJ, Kim TH. Identification of urban particulate matter-induced disruption of human respiratory mucosa integrity using whole transcriptome analysis and organ-on-a chip. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:88. [PMID: 31788025 PMCID: PMC6858671 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to air particulate matter (PM) is associated with various diseases in the human respiratory system. To date, most in vitro studies showing cellular responses to PM have been performed in cell culture using a single cell type. There are few studies considering how multicellular networks communicate in a tissue microenvironment when responding to the presence of PM. Here, an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) respiratory mucosa-on-a-chip, composed of human nasal epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, is used to recapitulate and better understand the effects of urban particulate matter (UPM) on human respiratory mucosa. Results We hypothesized that the first cells to contact with UPM, the nasal epithelial cells, would respond similar to the tissue microenvironment, and the 3D respiratory mucosa model would be a suitable platform to capture these events. First, whole transcriptome analysis revealed that UPM induced gene expression alterations in inflammatory and adhesion-related genes in human nasal epithelial cells. Next, we developed an in vitro 3D respiratory mucosa model composed of human nasal epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells and demonstrated that the model is structurally and functionally compatible with the respiratory mucosa. Finally, we used our model to expose human nasal epithelial cells to UPM, which led to a disruption in the integrity of the respiratory mucosa by decreasing the expression of zonula occludens-1 in both the epithelium and endothelium, while also reducing vascular endothelial cadherin expression in the endothelium. Conclusions We demonstrate the potential of the 3D respiratory mucosa model as a valuable tool for the simultaneous evaluation of multicellular responses caused by external stimuli in the human respiratory mucosa. We believe that the evaluation strategy proposed in the study will move us toward a better understanding of the detailed molecular mechanisms associated with pathological changes in the human respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Byun
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Boa Song
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwoo Lee
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungjae Kim
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea.,3Neuroscience Research institute, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Hwang
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ryul Ok
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Kijeong Lee
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Seung-Kuk Baek
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- 2Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Korea
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22
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Nešić A, Stam A, Čavić M, Ten Klooster JP, Pieters R, Smit J, Gavrović-Jankulović M. Activation of epithelial cells by the major kiwifruit allergen Act d 1 in human and mouse-derived intestinal model. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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23
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Peng Y, Guan WJ, Zhu ZC, Tan KS, Chen Z, Hong HY, Zi XX, Andiappan AK, Shi L, Yang QT, Wang DY, Qiu QH. Microarray Assay Reveals Ciliary Abnormalities of the Allergic Nasal Mucosa. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 34:50-58. [PMID: 31450948 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419871795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Gene expression patterns (particularly, cilia-associated genes) of nasal mucosa, the first-line defense system, in allergic rhinitis (AR) are not well understood. Objective We sought to screen for AR-associated genes in inferior turbinate (IT) from patients with AR, and to validate the expression of common cilia-related genes and ciliary shedding. Methods Prime View™ Human Gene Expression Array, which consisted of more than 530 000 probes covering more than 36 000 transcripts and variants, was employed to compare individual gene expression of ITs from control subjects (n = 11) and patients with AR (n = 19). Gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed with Cytoscape software. Eight of the common cilia-related genes were validated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We applied a semiquantitative scoring system for immunofluorescence assay to demonstrate ciliary shedding in 5 areas per paraffin section, with individual sections being scored between 0 (normal ciliary distribution) and 1 (ciliary shedding). Results Compared with control subjects, 160 (38 upregulated and 122 downregulated) genes were differentially expressed for at least 2 folds (all P < .05) in AR. Seven GO categories were significantly enriched, 4 of which were related to cilium assembly and motility. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction validated the predicted direction of change for common cilia-related gene expression. The ciliary distribution score was significantly higher (more prominent ciliary shedding) in AR than in controls ( P < .05). Conclusion The significant aberrant cilia-related gene expression, revealed by microarray assays, might be the critical driver of AR where ciliary shedding is prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Jie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen-Chao Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yu Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zi
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qin-Tai Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qian-Hui Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Zhou LB, Zheng YM, Liao WJ, Song LJ, Meng X, Gong X, Chen G, Liu WX, Wang YQ, Han DM, Zhong NS, Lu WJ, Yang PC, Zhang XW. MUC1 deficiency promotes nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction in subjects with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1716-1719.e5. [PMID: 31425778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Laboratory of ENT-HNS Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Ming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Laboratory of ENT-HNS Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Laboratory of ENT-HNS Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Laboratory of ENT-HNS Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Meng
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Laboratory of ENT-HNS Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Laboratory of ENT-HNS Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Laboratory of ENT-HNS Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Laboratory of ENT-HNS Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Min Han
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Laboratory of ENT-HNS Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan-Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Laboratory of ENT-HNS Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Laboratory of ENT-HNS Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Innovation and transformation platform of upper airway disease in Guangdong province, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Karimi S, Jonsson H, Lundh T, Roos S. Lactobacillus reuteri strains protect epithelial barrier integrity of IPEC-J2 monolayers from the detrimental effect of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Physiol Rep 2019; 6. [PMID: 29368445 PMCID: PMC5789714 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri is an inhabitant of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of mammals and birds and several strains of this species are known to be effective probiotics. The mechanisms by which L. reuteri confers its health‐promoting effects are far from being fully understood, but protection of the mucosal barrier is thought to be important. Leaky gut is a state of abnormal intestinal permeability with implications for the pathophysiology of various gastrointestinal disorders. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) can invade the intestinal mucosa and induce changes in barrier function by producing enterotoxin or by direct invasion of the intestinal epithelium. Our hypothesis was that L. reuteri can protect the mucosal barrier, and the goal of the study was to challenge this hypothesis by monitoring the protective effect of L. reuteri strains on epithelial dysfunction caused by ETEC. Using an infection model based on the porcine intestinal cell line IPEC‐J2, it was demonstrated that pretreatment of the cells with human‐derived L. reuteri strains (ATCC PTA 6475, DSM 17938 and 1563F) and a rat strain (R2LC) reduced the detrimental effect of ETEC in a dose‐dependent manner, as monitored by permeability of FITC‐dextran and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Moreover, the results revealed that ETEC upregulated proinflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and TNFα and decreased expression of the shorter isoform of ZO‐1 (187 kDa) and E‐cadherin. In contrast, pretreatment with L. reuteri DSM 17938 and 1563F downregulated expression of IL‐6 and TNFα, and led to an increase in production of the longer isoform of ZO‐1 (195 kDa) and maintained E‐cadherin expression. Interestingly, expression of ZO‐1 (187 kDa) was preserved only when the infected cells were pretreated with strain 1563F. These findings demonstrate that L. reuteri strains exert a protective effect against ETEC‐induced mucosal integrity disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Karimi
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Jonsson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Lundh
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Kim B, Kim TH. Fundamental role of dendritic cells in inducing Th2 responses. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:483-489. [PMID: 29502361 PMCID: PMC5943655 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A mysterious puzzle in immunology is how the immune system decides what types of immune response to initiate against various stimuli. Although much is known about control of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 responses, the mechanisms that initiate Th2 responses remain obscure. Antigen-presenting cells, particularly dendritic cells (DCs), are mandatory for the induction of a Th cell response. Numerous studies have documented the organizing role of DCs in this process. The present review summarizes the fundamental roles of DCs in inducing Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Allergy Immunology Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Abstract
The sinonasal epithelial barrier is comprised of tight and adherens junction proteins. Disruption of epithelial barrier function has been hypothesized to contribute to allergic disease such as allergic rhinitis through increased passage of antigens and exposure of underlying tissue to these stimuli. Several mechanisms of sinonasal epithelial barrier disruption include antigen proteolytic activity, inflammatory cytokine-mediated tight junction breakdown, or exacerbation from environmental stimuli. Mechanisms of sinonasal epithelial barrier stabilization include corticosteroids and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) cytoprotective pathway activation. Additional studies will aid in determining the contribution of epithelial barrier function in allergic rhinitis pathophysiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyall R London
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Murugappan Ramanathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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28
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Histamine and T helper cytokine-driven epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:951-963.e8. [PMID: 29074456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by mucosal inflammation, driven by activated immune cells. Mast cells and TH2 cells might decrease epithelial barrier integrity in AR, maintaining a leaky epithelial barrier. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of histamine and TH2 cells in driving epithelial barrier dysfunction in AR. METHODS Air-liquid interface cultures of primary nasal epithelial cells were used to measure transepithelial electrical resistance, paracellular flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4 kDa, and mRNA expression of tight junctions. Nasal secretions were collected from healthy control subjects, AR patients, and idiopathic rhinitis patients and were tested in vitro. In addition, the effect of activated TH1 and TH2 cells, mast cells, and neurons was tested in vitro. The effect of IL-4, IL-13, IFN-γ, and TNF-α on mucosal permeability was tested in vivo. RESULTS Histamine as well as nasal secretions of AR but not idiopathic rhinitis patients rapidly decreased epithelial barrier integrity in vitro. Pretreatment with histamine receptor-1 antagonist, azelastine prevented the early effect of nasal secretions of AR patients on epithelial integrity. Supernatant of activated TH1 and TH2 cells impaired epithelial integrity, while treatment with anti-TNF-α or anti-IL-4Rα monoclonal antibodies restored the TH1- and TH2-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, respectively. IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α enhanced mucosal permeability in mice. Antagonizing IL-4 prevented mucosal barrier disruption and tight junction downregulation in a mouse model of house dust mite allergic airway inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a key role for allergic inflammatory mediators in modulating nasal epithelial barrier integrity in the pathophysiology in AR.
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29
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Schleimer RP, Berdnikovs S. Etiology of epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with type 2 inflammatory diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1752-1761. [PMID: 28583447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial barriers of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and airway serve common critical functions, such as maintaining a physical barrier against environmental insults and allergens and providing a tissue interface balancing the communication between the internal and external environments. We now understand that in patients with allergic disease, regardless of tissue location, the homeostatic balance of the epithelial barrier is skewed toward loss of differentiation, reduced junctional integrity, and impaired innate defense. Importantly, epithelial dysfunction characterized by these traits appears to pre-date atopy and development of allergic disease. Despite our growing appreciation of the centrality of barrier dysfunction in initiation of allergic disease, many important questions remain to be answered regarding mechanisms disrupting normal barrier function. Although our external environment (proteases, allergens, and injury) is classically thought of as a principal contributor to barrier disruption associated with allergic sensitization, there is a need to better understand contributions of the internal environment (hormones, diet, and circadian clock). Systemic drivers of disease, such as alterations of the endocrine system, metabolism, and aberrant control of developmental signaling, are emerging as new players in driving epithelial dysfunction and allergic predisposition at various barrier sites. Identifying such central mediators of epithelial dysfunction using both systems biology tools and causality-driven laboratory experimentation will be essential in building new strategic interventions to prevent or reverse the process of barrier loss in allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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30
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Rowe RK, Gill MA. Effects of Allergic Sensitization on Antiviral Immunity: Allergen, Virus, and Host Cell Mechanisms. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 17:9. [PMID: 28233152 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-017-0677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple clinical and epidemiological studies demonstrate links between allergic sensitization and virus-induced atopic disease exacerbations. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding allergen, viral, and host cellular mechanisms relevant to these observations. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have focused on the molecular pathways and genetic influences involved in allergen-mediated inhibition of innate antiviral immune responses. Multiple tissue and cell types from atopic individuals across the atopy spectrum exhibit deficient interferon responses to a variety of virus infections. Impairment in barrier function, viral RNA and DNA recognition by intracellular sensing molecules, and dysregulation of signaling components are broadly affected by allergic sensitization. Finally, genetic predisposition by numerous nucleotide polymorphisms also impacts immune pathways and potentially contributes to virus-associated atopic disease pathogenesis. Allergen-virus interactions in the setting of atopy involve complex tissue and cellular mechanisms. Future studies defining the pathways underlying these interactions could uncover potential therapeutic targets. Available data suggest that therapies tailored to restore specific components of antiviral responses will likely lead to improved clinical outcomes in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina K Rowe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Michelle A Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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31
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Gon Y, Maruoka S, Kishi H, Kozu Y, Kazumichi K, Nomura Y, Takeshita I, Oshima T, Hashimoto S. NDRG1 is important to maintain the integrity of airway epithelial barrier through claudin-9 expression. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:716-725. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
- Division of Otolaryngology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Division of Otolaryngology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Yutaka Kozu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Kuroda Kazumichi
- Division of Microbiology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nomura
- Division of Otolaryngology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Ikuko Takeshita
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Takeshi Oshima
- Division of Otolaryngology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Shu Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
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London NR, Tharakan A, Lane AP, Biswal S, Ramanathan M. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation inhibits house dust mite-induced sinonasal epithelial cell barrier dysfunction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2017; 7:536-541. [PMID: 28151586 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated sinonasal epithelial cell (SNEC) barrier function has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of sinonasal inflammatory conditions such as allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Allergens such as house dust mite (HDM) have been reported to disrupt SNEC barrier integrity. We have recently identified nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation via sulforaphane (SFN) stimulation to stabilize SNEC barrier function. The purpose of this study was to explore whether Nrf2 activation could ameliorate HDM-induced SNEC barrier dysfunction. METHODS Human SNECs (HSNECs) were grown from patients at the air-liquid interface (ALI). HSNECs were stimulated with HDM with or without pharmacologic activation of Nrf2 with SFN. HSNECs were then stained for the epithelial cell junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and cell surface localization was evaluated by confocal microscopy. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and paracellular fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeability was measured in response to stimulation with HDM and SFN. RESULTS HDM stimulation caused a global disruption of the protein ZO-1 along with an associated decrease in TER (p < 0.001) and increased FITC-dextran paracellular permeability (p < 0.0001). Enhancing Nrf2 activation through treatment with SFN prior to stimulation with HDM was associated with increased localization of ZO-1 at the cell surface and statistically significant increases in TER (p < 0.05) and decrease in paracellular FITC-dextran permeability (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that HDM-induced SNEC barrier dysfunction may be preventable by Nrf2 activation. The Nrf2 antioxidant pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target for allergen-induced sinonasal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyall R London
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anuj Tharakan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Murugappan Ramanathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Sacks R. Immunorhinology and rhinosinusitis: Where are we heading? Am J Rhinol Allergy 2016; 30:159-60. [PMID: 27216344 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2016.30.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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