1
|
Bokharaeian M, Toghdory A, Ghoorchi T. Effects of dietary curcumin nano-micelles on performance, biological responses, and thermal stress resilience in heat-stressed fattening lambs across varying temperature-humidity index conditions: Implications for climate change. J Therm Biol 2024; 123:103905. [PMID: 38941825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress poses a significant challenge to sheep farming in arid and semi-arid regions, impacting growth performance, health, and physiological responses. While sheep have innate mechanisms to manage heat stress, prolonged exposure impairs their performance and health. This study evaluated the influence of varying doses of Curcumin Nano-Micelle (CNM) on heat-stressed fattening lambs in northeastern Iran over three months, examining the relationship between CNM doses and growth performance, feeding behavior, physiological responses, immune function, and antioxidant status. Thirty-two crossbred male lambs were included in a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replications. The experimental treatments were as follows: 1) CTRL: No dietary inclusion of CNM, (control group); 2) T20: Dietary inclusion of 20 mg of CNM per head per day; 3) T40: Dietary inclusion of 40 mg of CNM per head per day; and 4) T80: Dietary inclusion of 80 mg of CNM per head per day. The results revealed that dietary supplementation with 20 and 40 mg of CNM significantly improved live body weight, weight gain, average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control treatment. Regression analysis demonstrated quadratic models between growth performance parameters and the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI), indicating a correlation between CNM doses and the animals' responses to heat stress. Regarding eating behavior, CNM doses of 40 and 80 mg/day significantly reduced eating time while increasing ruminating time. Blood analysis indicated significant reductions in glucose levels across all treatments, with T40 significantly reducing both cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels. Additionally, CNM supplementation decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, indicating enhanced antioxidant status. Physiological responses were influenced by CNM, notably reducing rectal temperature (RT), skin temperature (ST), respiration rate (RR), while pulse rate (PR) increased across various time intervals, particularly in the T80 group. This study demonstrates that CNM supplementation can enhance performance, physiological responses, and antioxidant status in heat-stressed fattening lambs, highlighting its potential to mitigate heat stress effects in sheep farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bokharaeian
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Animal Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Abdolhakim Toghdory
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Animal Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Ghoorchi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Animal Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bokharaeian M, Toghdory A, Ghoorchi T. Effects of dietary curcumin nano-micelles on growth performance, blood metabolites, antioxidant status, immune and physiological responses of fattening lambs under heat-stress conditions. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103585. [PMID: 37344033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of dietary curcumin nano-micelles (C-NM) on the growth performance, blood metabolites, antioxidant status, and immune and physiological responses of fattening lambs under heat stress conditions. Thirty-two crossbred male lambs [Île-de-France × (Dalagh × Romanov)] with an average weight of 31.2 ± 1.55 kg and age of 4-5 months were assigned to experimental treatments in a completely randomized design including four treatments and eight replications. The treatments were T0, T20, T40, and T80, representing dietary supplementation of C-NM at 0, 20, 40, and 80 mg per head per day, respectively. The study lasted for 37 days including 7 days of adaptation period. Lambs were weighed on days 0 and 30 of the experiment before morning feeding to determine the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on day 30 of the experiment and physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (RT), skin temperature (ST), respiration rate (RR), and pulse rate (PR), were measured once a week on a certain day during the study. Lambs in the T40 group showed higher final live weight (FLW) and ADG, while exhibiting lower FCR (P < 0.01). Regression analysis predicted the optimum levels of dietary inclusion of C-NM to be 44.7, 38.3, and 42.0 mg/day for FLW, ADG, and FCR, respectively. Dietary supplementation of C-NM decreased RT, ST, and RR, while increasing PR (P < 0.01). The levels of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and A (IgA) increased linearly with the dietary inclusion of C-NM (P < 0.01), while levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) remained unaffected (P > 0.05). Dietary inclusion of C-NM had a quadratic reducing effect on the serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and a cubic increasing effect on the serum activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was linearly increased in T80, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) showed a linear increase in T40 and T80 groups (P < 0.01). Based on the results of this study, we recommend the administration of C-NM in the diet of fattening lambs during hot months in tropical and subtropical areas. However, further studies are needed to assess the long-term effects of C-NM during various physiological and production statuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bokharaeian
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolhakim Toghdory
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Taghi Ghoorchi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dias Junior PCG, dos Santos IJ, da Silva AL, de Assis RG, Vicente ACS, Carlis MS, Soares LC, Comelli JH, Biava JS, Araujo RC, Pires AV, Ferreira EM. Essential oil from Arnica montana on feedlot performance, ingestive behavior, carcass characteristics, rumen morphometrics characteristics and meat fatty acids profile of lambs. Small Rumin Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
4
|
Simões J, Abecia JA, Cannas A, Delgadillo JA, Lacasta D, Voigt K, Chemineau P. Review: Managing sheep and goats for sustainable high yield production. Animal 2021; 15 Suppl 1:100293. [PMID: 34294548 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the most relevant aspects of nutritional, reproductive and health management, the three pillars of flock efficiency, production and sustainability regarding the intensification of production in sheep and goats. In small ruminants, reproductive management is dependent on seasonality, which in turn depends on breed and latitude. Nutrition represents the major cost for flocks and greatly affects their health, the quality of their products and their environmental impact. High-yielding sheep and goats have very high requirements and dietary intake, requiring nutrient-dense diets and sophisticated nutritional management that should always consider the strong interrelationships among nutrition, immunity, health, reproduction, housing and farm management. The reproductive pattern is to a great extent assisted by out-of-season breeding, facilitating genetic improvement schemes, and more recently by advanced reproductive technologies. Heath management aims to control or eradicate economic and zoonotic diseases, ensuring animal health and welfare, food safety and low ecosystem and environmental impacts in relation to chemical residues and pathogen circulation. In highly producing systems, nutrition, genetic and hazard factors assume a complex interrelationship. Genomic and management improvement research and technological innovation are the keys to sustain sheep and goat production in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Simões
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - J A Abecia
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragon (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain
| | - A Cannas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, sezione di Scienze zootecniche, Università di Sassari, viale Italia 39, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - J A Delgadillo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Caprina (CIRCA), Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, 27054 Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - D Lacasta
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza - Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - K Voigt
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, LMU Munich, Sonnenstr. 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - P Chemineau
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Araujo RC, Pereira ML, Couto VR, Lemos BJ, Jorge da Cunha PH, Arnhold E, Silva JA, Fernandes JJ. Dose-response effect of encapsulated nitrate replacing soybean meal on growth performance, ingestive behavior, and blood metabolites of feedlot finishing bulls. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
|
7
|
Almeida AKD, Tedeschi LO, de Resende KT, Biagioli B, Cannas A, Teixeira IAMDA. Prediction of voluntary dry matter intake in stall fed growing goats. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
8
|
de Sousa SV, de Araújo MJ, E Silva TPD, Marques CAT, da Costa Torreão JN, Bezerra LR, de Sousa Lima IS, Gottardi FP. Dietary supplementation for Santa Inês hair ewes on pasture at pre- and postpartum periods: dry matter intake, digestibility, milk production, and mineral metabolism. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1903-1912. [PMID: 29931604 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different levels of dietary supplementation and reproductive stages on dry matter intake, digestibility, milk production, and mineral metabolism in Santa Inês hair ewes. Two dietary supplement levels of 0.5 and 1.5%, based on body weight, were used. A total of 12 hair ewes (six subjected to 0.5 and six subjected to 1.5% of concentrate supplementation based on body weight-BW) of the Santa Inês breed were evaluated in a completely randomized design with fixed effects of supplementation level, period, and its interactions. Dry matter intake, digestibility, milk production, and mineral metabolism (calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and osteocalcin (OC)) were assessed. Dry matter digestibility was affected by the supplementation level (during both pregnancy and lactation), with higher values in ewes fed at a level of 1.5% of BW. A significant interaction between treatment × reproductive stages was found for the Mg concentration. A period effect (P < 0.05) on serum concentrations of P, Ca/P, Mg, and IGF-I was observed. Serum P concentrations were influenced (P < 0.05) by treatments and reproductive stages. There were significant differences in the Ca/P ratio among the reproductive stages. The enzymatic activity of ALP and serum IGFI differed among reproductive stages. Ewes supplemented at a level of 1.5% of BW produced 18.5% more milk than ewes supplemented at a level of 0.5% of BW. The use of 0.5% of body weight in concentrate supplementation is recommended for the reduction of production costs, without having an effect on the mineral metabolism of Santa Inês hair ewes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Vilarindo de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - Marcos Jácome de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - Tairon Panunzio Dias E Silva
- Colégio Técnico de Bom Jesus, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil.
| | | | - Jacira Neves da Costa Torreão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Sergipe, Aracajú, SE, Brazil
| | - Isak Samir de Sousa Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Patrícia Gottardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muelas R, Monllor P, Romero G, Sayas-Barberá E, Navarro C, Díaz JR, Sendra E. Milk Technological Properties as Affected by Including Artichoke By-Products Silages in the Diet of Dairy Goats. Foods 2017; 6:foods6120112. [PMID: 29258226 PMCID: PMC5742780 DOI: 10.3390/foods6120112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional farming practices include the use of local agricultural by-products in the diet of ruminants. Artichoke harvesting and transformation yield high amounts of by-products that, if properly used, may reduce farming costs and the environmental impact of farming. The present study tests the inclusion of silages from artichoke by-products (plant and outer bracts) in the diet of dairy goats (0%, 12.5% and 25% inclusion) on the technological and sensory properties of milk during a five-month study. Milk composition, color, stability, coagulation and fermentation properties remained unaffected by diet changes. Panelists were not able to differentiate among yogurts obtained from those milks by discriminant triangular sensory tests. Silages of artichoke by-products can be included in isoproteic and isoenergetic diets for dairy goats, up to a 25% (feed dry matter), without negatively affecting milk technological and sensory properties whereas reducing feeding costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Muelas
- AgroFood Techonology Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ctra. Beniel km 3,2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain.
| | - Paula Monllor
- AgroFood Techonology Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ctra. Beniel km 3,2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain.
| | - Gema Romero
- AgroFood Techonology Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ctra. Beniel km 3,2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain.
| | - Estrella Sayas-Barberá
- AgroFood Techonology Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ctra. Beniel km 3,2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain.
| | - Casilda Navarro
- AgroFood Techonology Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ctra. Beniel km 3,2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain.
| | - José Ramón Díaz
- AgroFood Techonology Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ctra. Beniel km 3,2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain.
| | - Esther Sendra
- AgroFood Techonology Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ctra. Beniel km 3,2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Burgos-González C, Huerta-Aparicio M, Aguirre V, Vázquez R, Orihuela A, Pedernera M. Short communication: milk production and lamb development in Saint Croix and Katahdin hair sheep breeds (Ovis aries). Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:683-687. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Nielsen M, Nadeau E, Markussen B, Helander C, Eknæs M, Nørgaard P. The relation between energy intake and chewing index of diets fed to nursing ewes. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
12
|
Polizel DM, Susin I, Gentil RS, Ferreira EM, de Souza RA, Freire APA, Pires AV, Ferraz MVC, Rodrigues PHM, Eastridge ML. Crude glycerin decreases nonesterified fatty acid concentration in ewes during late gestation and early lactation. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:875-883. [PMID: 28380605 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude glycerin is a gluconeogenic substrate in ruminants and may help to decrease the occurrence of pregnancy toxemia. The objective in this trial was to determine the effects of feeding a diet containing crude glycerin on DMI, milk yield, milk composition, and blood metabolites in periparturient ewes and lamb performance. One hundred eighteen 90 (±1.1)-d pregnant Santa Inês ewes were used. After lambing, 32 ewes (62.8 ± 1.3 kg BW) were allotted in a randomized complete block design defined by prelambing diet, BW, BCS, lambing date, type of birth (single or twin), and sex of offspring. Diets were isonitrogenous (13.0 ± 0.3% CP, DM basis), composed of concentrate and raw sugarcane bagasse (70:30 ratio, DM basis), and fed ad libitum daily. Crude glycerin (83.6% glycerol) levels were 0 or 10% (DM basis), corresponding to the experimental diets G0 and G10, respectively. From 8 until 56 d of lactation, DMI was determined. In the same period, once a week at 1000 h, the ewes were separated from the lambs and mechanically milked after intravenous administration of 10 IU of synthetic oxytocin. Three hours after the first milking, ewes were milked again and milk yield and composition were determined. Glucose, NEFA, and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were determined at -14, -7, 0, 7, 14, 28, and 56 d relative to lambing and insulin was determined at -14, -7, 0, and 7 d. Crude glycerin did not affect DMI (2.2 kg/d for G0 vs. 2.2 kg/d for G10; = 0.93) or milk production (171 g/3 h for G0 vs. 164 g/3 h for G10; = 0.66). However, there was a decrease ( = 0.01) in milk fat percentage (8.1% for G0 vs. 7.0% for G10) for ewes fed glycerin. Ewes fed the G10 diet had decreased ( < 0.01) NEFA concentration (0.27 mmol/L for G0 vs. 0.18 mmol/L for G10). There was an interaction between diet × time for glucose ( = 0.04), insulin ( = 0.05), and BHBA ( = 0.01); feeding glycerin increased glucose (5.61 mmol/L for G0 vs. 7.42 mmol/L for G10; < 0.01) and insulin concentrations (10.5 μIU for G0 vs. 24.5 μIU for G10; < 0.01) at parturition compared with G0. The BHBA was less ( = 0.02) on the day of lambing (0.40 mmol/L for G0 vs. 0.29 mmol/L for G10) and it was greater ( < 0.01) on d 56 for ewes fed the G10 diet (0.46 mmol/L for G0 vs. 0.61 mmol/L for G10). There was no effect of diets fed to ewes on lamb growth from birth to weaning. Crude glycerin improved energy balance of periparturient ewes, suggesting a reduced risk of developing clinical metabolic-related disorders. Crude glycerin can be added at 10% of ewes' diets without affecting DMI and milk yield.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mirmohammadi D, Rouzbehan Y, Fazaeli H. The effect of the inclusion of recycled poultry bedding and the physical form of diet on the performance, ruminal fermentation, and plasma metabolites of fattening lambs1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:3843-53. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
14
|
Camilo FR, Vargas Junior FM, Ricardo HA, Fernandes ARM, Seno LO, Osório JCS, Souza MR, Mobiglia AM. The intake of thermally processed soybean reduces the feedlot period of lambs independently of roughage to concentrate ratio. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:3084-90. [PMID: 26115294 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient intake and performance of feedlot lambs using 2 roughage to concentrate ratios and 2 types of soybean, whole (WS) or thermally processed (PS). Twenty male noncastrated market lambs weighting 23.26 ± 2.18 kg were used. The design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement of 2 × 2. Diets were formulated with 50:50 and 20:80 of roughage to concentrate ratio on DM, and the thermal processing was realized in an autoclave at 120°C during 1 h. The end of the experimental period was determined by animal BCS, that is, the animals were slaughtered with a BCS between 3 and 3.5. The animals fed with 50% of roughage spent more time consuming feed (P < 0.01) and ruminating (P < 0.01). Thermally processed soybean provided more time consuming (P < 0.05) and less leisure time (P < 0.05) compared with WS. Diet with 20% of roughage provided increased ADG (P < 0.01) and better feed conversion (FC; P < 0.01). The utilization of PS resulted in decreased feedlot period (FP; P< 0.01), increased ADG (P < 0.05), decreased DMI (P < 0.01), and consequently better FC (P < 0.01). Diet with PS decreased the intake of ADF (P < 0.01). There was interaction between the roughage to concentrate ratio and soybean, wherein the diet with 50% of roughage and WS provided increased intake of NDF (P < 0.05). The use of thermally processed soybean provided better performance of lambs, and when this feed is associated with higher concentrate proportion, it reduces the intake of fibrous fraction of the diet.
Collapse
|
15
|
Silva TP, Marques CA, Torreão JN, Araújo MJ, Bezerra LR. Intake, Digestibility, Milk Yield and Indicators of the Metabolic Status of Native Ewes Fed Supplemented Diet Under Grazing System. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Ferreira EM, Pires AV, Susin I, Gentil RS, Gilaverte S, de Oliveira Maia Parente M, Biehl MV, Di Mambro Ribeiro CV. Lamb performance, milk production and composition from ewes supplemented with soybean oil partially replaced by fish oil blend. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Ascari IJ, Alves AC, Pérez JRO, Lima RR, Garcia IFF, Nogueira GP, Junqueira FB, Castro TR, Aziani WLB, Alves NG. Nursing regimens: effects on body condition, return to postpartum ovarian cyclicity in Santa Ines ewes, and performance of lambs. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 140:153-63. [PMID: 23827414 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of nursing regimens on the body condition, onset of ovarian cyclicity postpartum and weaning weight of lambs were assessed in Santa Ines ewes. Thirty-two ewes were blocked according to parity, number of lambs, and body weight at lambing and within each block randomly allocated to treatments: continuous nursing (CN), controlled nursing (CN2) with two daily feedings for an hour after the 10th day postpartum, or early weaning (EW) with total separation from the lambs after the 10th day. The animals were evaluated from the 12th day postpartum until the first estrus or until 60th day. The dry matter and nutrients intake did not differ among treatments (P>0.05) but did differ over time (P<0.01). The weight, body condition score, serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and prolactin, the percentages of ewes in estrus, of ewes that ovulated within 60th day and had ovulation silent, the period from lambing to estrus, ovulation and follicle with a diameter ≥5mm and the maximum follicular diameter did not differ (P>0.05) among the treatments. The percentage of ovulation until 30th day was greater (P<0.05) in the EW group. The percentage of short luteal phases was higher in the CN2 and EW groups (P=0.07) and normal luteal phases were higher in the CN group (P=0.01). Lamb weight weaning was lower in the EW group (P<0.05). It is possible to use CN to obtain lambing periods less than eight months in Santa Ines ewes, with the advantages of simpler management and higher lamb weaning weights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I J Ascari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Performance and digestibility of growing sheep fed with açai seed meal-based diets. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 44:1751-7. [PMID: 22576274 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of açai seeds in the diet of sheep, specifically, to evaluate the intake, digestibility, and weight gain in sheep that are fed with diets containing four different mixtures of açai seeds and coastcross hay. Sixteen noncastrated male sheep with an average initial body weight of 22 kg were randomly assigned to one of four diet treatments using initial body weight as a covariate. The diets used coastcross hay as the basal roughage in a 60:40 roughage/concentrate ratio. The concentrate was the same in all the treatments. The açai seed was added to the diet as a partial substitute for the coastcross hay to make up four diet treatments: 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 % açaí added to the diet on a dry matter basis. The daily weight gain, final body weight, and feed intake were found to linearly increase with the increase in added dietary açai seed meal (P < 0.05). Moreover, increasing the proportions of açai seed meal did not significantly alter the nutrient tract digestibility, except that the crude protein level declined in a linear manner. The inclusion of açai seed as a substitute for coastcross hay increases the intake and the daily weight gain in sheep that are fed with diets using coastcross hay as the basal roughage in a 60:40 roughage/concentrate ratio.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ferreira EM, Pires AV, Susin I, Mendes CQ, Gentil RS, Araujo RC, Amaral RC, Loerch SC. Growth, feed intake, carcass characteristics, and eating behavior of feedlot lambs fed high-concentrate diets containing soybean hulls. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:4120-6. [PMID: 21666006 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of replacing ground corn with soybean hulls (SH) in high-concentrate diets on the growth (56-d period), carcass characteristics, and eating behavior of feedlot lambs. Sixty-four Santa Inês ram lambs (18.3 ± 2.8 kg of BW and 69 ± 5 d of age) were assigned to a randomized complete block design experiment with 8 blocks and 4 diets. The control diet contained 10% coastcross (Cynodon sp.) hay, 70% corn, and no SH (SH0) in the dietary DM. In the remaining diets, SH replaced corn at the rate of 15 (SH15), 30 (SH30), or 45% (SH45) of the original corn concentration, resulting in 0, 10.5, 21.0, or 31.4% SH in the dietary DM. Dry matter intake increased linearly (P < 0.01) when SH replaced ground corn (1.0, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.1 kg/d for SH0, SH15, SH30, and SH45, respectively). There was no effect on ADG of lambs, with values of 276, 278, 282, and 287 g for SH0, SH15, SH30, and SH45, respectively. Feed efficiency decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with SH inclusion. Carcass measures were not affected by SH as a replacement for ground corn. Eating time, expressed as minutes per day and minutes per gram of NDF, showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.05), whereas no effect was observed when expressed as minutes per gram of DM. Rumination, in minutes per day, was not influenced by dietary SH inclusion, but a linear decrease (P < 0.01) was observed when this variable was expressed as minutes per gram of NDF. Soybean hulls can replace up to 45% of the ground corn (31.4% of SH in the dietary DM) in high-concentrate diets fed to feedlot lambs without negative effects on ADG and carcass measures. The linear decrease in feed efficiency (11.6% reduction from SH0 to SH45) suggests that optimal dietary SH inclusion rates should be dictated by the relative costs of SH and corn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Ferreira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ferreira EM, Pires AV, Susin I, Mendes CQ, Queiroz MAA, Araujo RC, Gentil RS, Loerch SC. Apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and ruminal constituents in ram lambs fed high-concentrate diets containing soybean hulls. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:4127-33. [PMID: 21764840 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn often constitutes the main portion of high-concentrate diets fed to feedlot lambs. However, soybean hulls (SH) may be used to replace corn, and may reduce feed costs and the risk of acidosis. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of SH inclusion rate in high-concentrate diets on DMI, apparent digestibility of nutrients, N balance, and some rumen constituents. Sixteen ruminally fistulated Santa Inês ram lambs (44.3 ± 5 kg of BW and 6 mo old) were housed in suspended metabolism crates. A randomized complete block design experiment with 4 diets and 4 blocks was used. Blocks were defined by BW, and diets were allotted randomly within block. The control diet contained 70% corn and 0% SH. In the remaining diets, SH replaced corn at the rate of 15, 30, or 45% of the original corn concentration, which resulted in 0, 10.5, 21.0, and 31.4% of SH in the dietary DM. The DMI (kg/d) increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary SH inclusion. A trend was observed for linear decreases (P = 0.10) in apparent DM, OM, and nonfiber carbohydrate digestibility, and a trend was observed for an increase (P = 0.08) in NDF digestibility with increasing dietary SH addition. Apparent digestibilities of CP and ether extract and ADF digestibility were not affected by SH inclusion rate. Total ruminal concentration of short-chain fatty acids was affected quadratically (P = 0.03) by diet; acetate concentration increased linearly (P < 0.01), whereas quadratic effects were observed on propionate concentration (P = 0.03) and acetate-to-propionate ratio (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary SH. Ruminal pH increased linearly (P < 0.01) as corn was replaced by SH. Nitrogen retention was not affected by the addition of SH, in spite of a linear increase in urinary N (P < 0.01). The replacement of corn grain with up to 45% SH (31.4% of SH in the dietary DM) resulted in a trend to decrease apparent digestibility of DM and to increase NDF digestibility, presenting a fermentation pattern that would reduce the risk of acidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Ferreira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Santos AOA, Batista AMV, Mustafa A, Amorim GL, Guim A, Moraes AC, de Lucena RB, de Andrade R. Effects of Bermudagrass hay and soybean hulls inclusion on performance of sheep fed cactus-based diets. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010; 42:487-94. [PMID: 19731062 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of replacing corn with soybean hulls (SH) or Bermudagrass tifton hay (TH) on performance of sheep fed cactus-based diets. Three ruminally fistulated sheep were used in a 3 x 3 Latin square experiment with 21-day periods. All diets contained 75% spineless cactus (dry matter basis, DM) and formulated to be isonitrogenous. Fiber source had no influence on nutrient intakes except for the intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) which was lower (p<0.05) for animals fed corn relative to those fed SH or TH. Time expended in rumination and total chewing time were higher (p<0.05) for animals fed TH than those fed SH or corn. In vivo nutrient digestibilities were similar for all dietary treatments and averaged 69.6%, 74.8%, 69.9%, and 61.8% for DM, organic matter, crude protein, and NDF, respectively. Feeding SH relative to TH and corn decreased ruminal pH (p<0.05) and increased concentration of total volatile fatty acids (p<0.05). However, ruminal NH3-N concentration was higher (p<0.05) for animal fed TH than for those fed SH or corn. Abdominal distension and ruminal biofilm production were greater (p<0.05) in animals fed corn or SH than in those fed TH. It was concluded that replacing corn with SH or TH up to 15% of the diet DM in a cactus-based diet had no effect on nutrient intakes or total tract nutrient utilization. Changes in ruminal fermentation parameters reflected differences in ruminal degradability between the two fiber sources. Bermudagrass tifton hay was more effective than SH in reducing the risk of bloat associated with feeding high levels of spineless cactus to ruminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A O A Santos
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, S/N, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Effects of restricted feeding of prepubertal ewe lambs on reproduction and lactation performances over two breeding seasons. Animal 2010; 4:1997-2003. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110001278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
23
|
Souza E, Guim A, Batista Â, Santos K, Silva J, Morais N, Mustafa A. Effects of soybean hulls inclusion on intake, total tract nutrient utilization and ruminal fermentation of goats fed spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) based diets. Small Rumin Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Postpartum ovarian activity of Santa Inês lactating ewes fed diets containing soybean hulls as a replacement for coastcross (Cynodon sp.) hay. Small Rumin Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|