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Chen Q, Le X, Li Q, Liu S, Chen Z. Exploration of inhibitors targeting KIF18A with ploidy-specific lethality. Drug Discov Today 2024:104142. [PMID: 39168405 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Currently, various antimitotic inhibitors applied in tumor therapy. However, these inhibitors exhibit targeted toxicity to some extent. As a motor protein, kinesin family member 18A (KIF18A) is crucial to spindle formation and is associated with tumors exhibiting characteristics such as chromosomal aneuploidy, whole-genome doubling, and chromosomal instability. Differing from traditional antimitotic targets, KIF18A exhibits tumor-specific selectivity. The functional loss or attenuation of KIF18A results in vulnerability of tumor cells with ploidy-specific characteristics, with lesser effects on diploid cells. Research on inhibitors targeting KIF18A with ploidy-specific lethality holds significant importance. This review provides a brief overview of the regulatory mechanisms of the ploidy-specific lethality target KIF18A and the research advancements in its inhibitors, aiming to facilitate the development of KIF18A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyang Le
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qianbin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Suyou Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
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Meißner L, Niese L, Diez S. Helical motion and torque generation by microtubule motors. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102367. [PMID: 38735207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Microtubule motors play key roles in cellular functions, such as transport, mitosis and cell motility. Fueled by ATP hydrolysis, they convert chemical energy into mechanical work, which enables their movement on microtubules. While their motion along the long axis of microtubules has been studied extensively, some motors display an off-axis component, which results in helical motion around microtubules and the generation of torque in addition to linear forces. Understanding these nuanced movements expands our comprehension of motor protein dynamics and their impact on cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Meißner
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Niese
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Diez
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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3
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Queen KA, Cario A, Berger CL, Stumpff J. Modification of the neck-linker of KIF18A alters Microtubule subpopulation preference. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar3. [PMID: 37903223 PMCID: PMC10881168 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesins support many diverse cellular processes, including facilitating cell division through mechanical regulation of the mitotic spindle. However, how kinesin activity is controlled to facilitate this process is not well understood. Interestingly, posttranslational modifications have been identified within the enzymatic region of all 45 mammalian kinesins, but the significance of these modifications has gone largely unexplored. Given the critical role of the enzymatic region in facilitating nucleotide and microtubule binding, it may serve as a primary site for kinesin regulation. Consistent with this idea, a phosphomimetic mutation at S357 in the neck-linker of KIF18A alters the localization of KIF18A within the spindle from kinetochore microtubules to nonkinetochore microtubules at the periphery of the spindle. Changes in localization of KIF18A-S357D are accompanied by defects in mitotic spindle positioning and the ability to promote mitotic progression. This altered localization pattern is mimicked by a shortened neck-linker mutant, suggesting that KIF18A-S357D may cause the motor to adopt a shortened neck-linker-like state that decreases KIF18A accumulation at the plus-ends of kinetochore microtubules. These findings demonstrate that posttranslational modifications in the enzymatic region of kinesins could be important for biasing their localization to particular microtubule subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn A. Queen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Alisa Cario
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Christopher L. Berger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
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4
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Liu Y, Sun M, Zhang B, Zhao W. KIF18A improves migration and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells through inhibiting PTEN signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9182-9192. [PMID: 37708299 PMCID: PMC10522371 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinesin family member 18A (KIF18A) is involved in the development of a variety of human malignancies. However, we have never known the influences of KIF18A on colorectal cancer (CRC). The study is designed to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of KIF18A on the progression of colorectal cancer. METHODS We have not only analyzed the database using GEO, but have examined the effect of KIF18A on the development of CRC by subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice. HE staining was used to observe tumor size. Besides, we make use of Western blotting to monitor the expression of related proteins. In addition, the scratch wound assay and Transwell assay were conducted to detect the effect of KIF18A on the migration and invasion of CRC cells. RESULTS The results of GEO database analysis suggested that KIF18A had a positive correlation with the growth of CRC. The results of subcutaneous tumorigenesis and HE staining in nude mice explained that KIF18A promoted the progression of CRC. Both scratch wound assay and Transwell indicated that the migration and invasion of CRC could be promoted by KIF18A. The results of Western blot illustrated that KIF18A could forward the migration and invasion of CRC cells, and inhibit PTEN, which promoted the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thus bringing about the expression of MMP2 and MMP9. CONCLUSION In conclusion, KIF18A can further the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by means of inhibiting PTEN transcription. Therefore, it is inferred that that KIF18A is a therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
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5
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Torvi JR, Wong J, Drubin DG, Barnes G. Interdependence of a microtubule polymerase and a motor protein in establishment of kinetochore end-on attachments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.08.544255. [PMID: 37333421 PMCID: PMC10274876 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.544255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Faithful segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells during mitosis requires formation of attachments between kinetochores and mitotic spindle microtubules. Chromosome alignment on the mitotic spindle, also referred to as congression, is facilitated by translocation of side-bound chromosomes along the microtubule surface, which allows the establishment of end-on attachment of kinetochores to microtubule plus ends. Spatial and temporal constraints hinder observation of these events in live cells. Therefore, we used our previously developed reconstitution assay to observe dynamics of kinetochores, the yeast kinesin-8, Kip3, and the microtubule polymerase, Stu2, in lysates prepared from metaphase-arrested budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to observe kinetochore translocation on the lateral microtubule surface toward the microtubule plus end, motility was shown to be dependent on both Kip3, as we reported previously, and Stu2. These proteins were shown to have distinct dynamics on the microtubule. Kip3 is highly processive and moves faster than the kinetochore. Stu2 tracks both growing and shrinking microtubule ends but also colocalizes with moving lattice-bound kinetochores. In cells, we observed that both Kip3 and Stu2 are important for establishing chromosome biorientation, Moreover, when both proteins are absent, biorientation is completely defective. All cells lacking both Kip3 and Stu2 had declustered kinetochores and about half also had at least one unattached kinetochore. Our evidence argues that despite differences in their dynamics, Kip3 and Stu2 share roles in chromosome congression to facilitate proper kinetochore-microtubule attachment.
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6
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Queen KA, Cario A, Berger CL, Stumpff J. Modification of the Neck Linker of KIF18A Alters Microtubule Subpopulation Preference. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539080. [PMID: 37205510 PMCID: PMC10187232 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Kinesins support many diverse cellular processes, including facilitating cell division through mechanical regulation of the mitotic spindle. However, how kinesin activity is controlled to facilitate this process is not well understood. Interestingly, post-translational modifications have been identified within the enzymatic region of all 45 mammalian kinesins, but the significance of these modifications has gone largely unexplored. Given the critical role of the enzymatic region in facilitating nucleotide and microtubule binding, it may serve as a primary site for kinesin regulation. Consistent with this idea, a phosphomimetic mutation at S357 in the neck-linker of KIF18A alters the localization of KIF18A within the spindle from kinetochore microtubules to peripheral microtubules. Changes in localization of KIF18A-S357D are accompanied by defects in mitotic spindle positioning and the ability to promote mitotic progression. This altered localization pattern is mimicked by a shortened neck-linker mutant, suggesting that KIF18A-S357D may cause the motor to adopt a shortened neck-linker like state that prevents KIF18A from accumulating at the plus-ends of kinetochore microtubules. These findings demonstrate that post-translational modifications in the enzymatic region of kinesins could be important for biasing their localization to particular microtubule subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn A. Queen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Alisa Cario
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
- Current Institution: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Christopher L. Berger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401
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7
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Yang J, Zhang Q, Yang Z, Shu J, Zhang L, Yao Y, Wang X, Liu X. KIF18A interacts with PPP1CA to promote the malignant development of glioblastoma. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:154. [PMID: 36911368 PMCID: PMC9996083 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), which has poor prognosis and low 5-year survival rate, is the most common primary central nervous system malignant tumour in adults. Kinesin family member 18A (KIF18A) plays an important role in multiple tumours and is potential therapeutic target for GBM. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of KIF18A in GBM. The expression level and survival prognosis of KIF18A and protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit α (PPP1CA) in GBM patients were analysed using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were applied to measure the expression of KIF18A and PPP1CA in normal and GBM cell lines. KIF18A expression was inhibited through cell transfection with a KIF18A-targeting short hairpin RNA. Cell proliferation was detected with the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle changes. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to measure cell invasion and migration. Western blotting was utilized for the detection of invasion- and migration-related proteins MMP9 and MMP2. Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets and GeneMANIA databases were used to analyse the interaction between KIF18A and PPP1CA. The correlation between PPP1CA and KIF18A was examined using data from the CGGA database. Immunoprecipitation was used to demonstrate the binding relationship between KIF18A and PPP1CA. PPP1CA was overexpressed using cell transfection technology and its mechanism was further examined. The results demonstrated that KIF18A was upregulated in GBM cells compared with normal microglia HMC3. Compared with that in sh-NC group, silencing of KIF18A reduced cell proliferation, induced G2/M cycle arrest and inhibited the migration and the invasion of A172 GBM cells by interacting with PPP1CA. In conclusion, KIF18A interacted with PPP1CA to promote the proliferation, cycle arrest, migration and invasion of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiaorong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Ziyuan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Medical Graduate School of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jiaming Shu
- Medical Graduate School of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Medical Graduate School of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Yao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolang Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xianxian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
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8
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Balabanian L, Lessard DV, Swaminathan K, Yaninska P, Sébastien M, Wang S, Stevens PW, Wiseman PW, Berger CL, Hendricks AG. Tau differentially regulates the transport of early endosomes and lysosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar128. [PMID: 36129768 PMCID: PMC9634973 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-01-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) modulate the motility of kinesin and dynein along microtubules to control the transport of vesicles and organelles. The neuronal MAP tau inhibits kinesin-dependent transport. Phosphorylation of tau at Tyr-18 by fyn kinase results in weakened inhibition of kinesin-1. We examined the motility of early endosomes and lysosomes in cells expressing wild-type (WT) tau and phosphomimetic Y18E tau. We quantified the effects on motility as a function of the tau expression level. Lysosome motility is strongly inhibited by tau. Y18E tau preferentially inhibits lysosomes in the cell periphery, while centrally located lysosomes are less affected. Early endosomes are more sensitive to tau than lysosomes and are inhibited by both WT and Y18E tau. Our results show that different cargoes have disparate responses to tau, likely governed by the types of kinesin motors driving their transport. In support of this model, kinesin-1 and -3 are strongly inhibited by tau while kinesin-2 and dynein are less affected. In contrast to kinesin-1, we find that kinesin-3 is strongly inhibited by phosphorylated tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Balabanian
- Departments of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Dominique V. Lessard
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | | | - Pamela Yaninska
- Chemistry and Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Muriel Sébastien
- Departments of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Samuel Wang
- Departments of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Piper W. Stevens
- Departments of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Paul W. Wiseman
- Chemistry and Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Christopher L. Berger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Adam G. Hendricks
- Departments of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada,*Address correspondence to: Adam G. Hendricks ()
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9
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Ciorîță A, Bugiel M, Sudhakar S, Schäffer E, Jannasch A. Single depolymerizing and transport kinesins stabilize microtubule ends. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:177-184. [PMID: 34310069 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are highly dynamic cellular filaments and an accurate control of their length is important for many intracellular processes like cell division. Among other factors, microtubule length is actively modulated by motors from the kinesin superfamily. For example, yeast kinesin-8, Kip3, motors depolymerize microtubules by a cooperative, force- and length-dependent mechanism. However, whether single motors can also depolymerize microtubules is unclear. Here, we measured how single kinesin motors influenced the stability of microtubules in an in vitro assay. Using label-free interference reflection microscopy, we determined the spontaneous microtubule depolymerization rate of stabilized microtubules in the presence of kinesins. Surprisingly, we found that both single Kip3 and nondepolymerizing kinesin-1 transport motors, used as a control, stabilized microtubules further. For Kip3, this behavior is contrary to the collective force-dependent depolymerization activity of multiple motors. Because of the control measurement, the finding may hint at a more general stabilization mechanism. The complex, concentration-dependent interaction with microtubule ends provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of kinesin-8 and its regulatory function of microtubule length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ciorîță
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Integrated Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michael Bugiel
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Swathi Sudhakar
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,MRC London Institute of Medical Science, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Erik Schäffer
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anita Jannasch
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Marquis C, Fonseca CL, Queen KA, Wood L, Vandal SE, Malaby HLH, Clayton JE, Stumpff J. Chromosomally unstable tumor cells specifically require KIF18A for proliferation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1213. [PMID: 33619254 PMCID: PMC7900194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of tumor cells caused by changes in the dynamics and control of microtubules that compromise the mitotic spindle. Thus, CIN cells may respond differently than diploid cells to treatments that target mitotic spindle regulation. Here, we test this idea by inhibiting a subset of kinesin motor proteins involved in mitotic spindle control. KIF18A is required for proliferation of CIN cells derived from triple negative breast cancer or colorectal cancer tumors but is not required in near-diploid cells. Following KIF18A inhibition, CIN tumor cells exhibit mitotic delays, multipolar spindles, and increased cell death. Sensitivity to KIF18A knockdown is strongly correlated with centrosome fragmentation, which requires dynamic microtubules but does not depend on bipolar spindle formation or mitotic arrest. Our results indicate the altered spindle microtubule dynamics characteristic of CIN tumor cells can be exploited to reduce the proliferative capacity of CIN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Marquis
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Cindy L. Fonseca
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Katelyn A. Queen
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Lisa Wood
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Sarah E. Vandal
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Heidi L. H. Malaby
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Joseph E. Clayton
- grid.288134.40000 0004 0569 7230BioTek Instruments Inc, Winooski, VT USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- grid.59062.380000 0004 1936 7689Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
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11
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Bigman LS, Levy Y. Protein Diffusion on Charged Biopolymers: DNA versus Microtubule. Biophys J 2020; 118:3008-3018. [PMID: 32492371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein diffusion in lower-dimensional spaces is used for various cellular functions. For example, sliding on DNA is essential for proteins searching for their target sites, and protein diffusion on microtubules is important for proper cell division and neuronal development. On the one hand, these linear diffusion processes are mediated by long-range electrostatic interactions between positively charged proteins and negatively charged biopolymers and have similar characteristic diffusion coefficients. On the other hand, DNA and microtubules have different structural properties. Here, using computational approaches, we studied the mechanism of protein diffusion along DNA and microtubules by exploring the diffusion of both protein types on both biopolymers. We found that DNA-binding and microtubule-binding proteins can diffuse on each other's substrates; however, the adopted diffusion mechanism depends on the molecular properties of the diffusing proteins and the biopolymers. On the protein side, only DNA-binding proteins can perform rotation-coupled diffusion along DNA, with this being due to their higher net charge and its spatial organization at the DNA recognition helix. By contrast, the lower net charge on microtubule-binding proteins enables them to diffuse more quickly than DNA-binding proteins on both biopolymers. On the biopolymer side, microtubules possess intrinsically disordered, negatively charged C-terminal tails that interact with microtubule-binding proteins, thus supporting their diffusion. Thus, although both DNA-binding and microtubule-binding proteins can diffuse on the negatively charged biopolymers, the unique molecular features of the biopolymers and of their natural substrates are essential for function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavi S Bigman
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaakov Levy
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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12
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Lin Y, Wei YL, She ZY. Kinesin-8 motors: regulation of microtubule dynamics and chromosome movements. Chromosoma 2020; 129:99-110. [PMID: 32417983 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-020-00736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are essential for intracellular transport, cell motility, spindle assembly, and chromosome segregation during cell division. Microtubule dynamics regulate the proper spindle organization and thus contribute to chromosome congression and segregation. Accumulating studies suggest that kinesin-8 motors are emerging regulators of microtubule dynamics and organizations. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies focused on kinesin-8 motors in cell division. We discuss the structures and molecular kinetics of kinesin-8 motors. We highlight the essential roles and mechanisms of kinesin-8 in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and spindle organization. We also shed light on the functions of kinesin-8 motors in chromosome movement and the spindle assembly checkpoint during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, 350011, Fujian, China.,Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen-Yu She
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China. .,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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Tubulin tails and their modifications regulate protein diffusion on microtubules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8876-8883. [PMID: 32245812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914772117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are essential components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton that serve as "highways" for intracellular trafficking. In addition to the well-known active transport of cargo by motor proteins, many MT-binding proteins seem to adopt diffusional motility as a transportation mechanism. However, because of the limited spatial resolution of current experimental techniques, the detailed mechanism of protein diffusion has not been elucidated. In particular, the precise role of tubulin tails and tail modifications in the diffusion process is unclear. Here, using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations validated against atomistic simulations, we explore the molecular mechanism of protein diffusion along MTs. We found that electrostatic interactions play a central role in protein diffusion; the disordered tubulin tails enhance affinity but slow down diffusion, and diffusion occurs in discrete steps. While diffusion along wild-type MT is performed in steps of dimeric tubulin, the removal of the tails results in a step of monomeric tubulin. We found that the energy barrier for diffusion is larger when diffusion on MTs is mediated primarily by the MT tails rather than the MT body. In addition, globular proteins (EB1 and PRC1) diffuse more slowly than an intrinsically disordered protein (Tau) on MTs. Finally, we found that polyglutamylation and polyglycylation of tubulin tails lead to slower protein diffusion along MTs, although polyglycylation leads to faster diffusion across MT protofilaments. Taken together, our results explain experimentally observed data and shed light on the roles played by disordered tubulin tails and tail modifications in the molecular mechanism of protein diffusion along MTs.
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