[Critical pathway of women facing violence: an integrative reviewLa ruta crítica que recorren las mujeres en situación de violencia: revisión integradora]

Perceptions of Brazilian women at a public obstetric outpatient clinic regarding domestic violence: a qualitative study

OBJECTIVE

The aim was to explore women's perceptions of violence, its causes, manifestations, consequences and responses to prevent and confront domestic violence against women in Brazilian society.

DESIGN

We conducted a qualitative study with individual, semistructured interviews. We used thematic analysis and discussed the data considering the ecological framework.

SETTING

The study was conducted in an antenatal and postnatal care service in the Brazilian National Health System. Data collection was conducted in October 2022.

PARTICIPANTS

The sample selection was intentional and sampling was conducted according to the data saturation criterion. Twelve women who attended an antenatal and postnatal care service were interviewed. The participants reported different experiences of domestic and family violence throughout their lives.

RESULTS

Based on the analysis, four themes were identified: (1) between the public and the private spheres: violence against women and its manifestations, causes and particularities; (2) factors that increase vulnerability; (3) protection system and support network: strengths and weaknesses; and (4) alternatives for the prevention and elimination of violence.

CONCLUSIONS

The perceptions of Brazilian women during pregnancy and the postpartum period regarding domestic violence included a multifaceted view of violence. The women's discourse demonstrated the difficulties that they faced in interrupting the cycle of violence and accessing support networks.

Violência contra mulheres imigrantes no Brasil na perspectiva de um estado do conhecimento

A violência de gênero é um preocupante fenômeno mundial. Evidências apontam que uma em cada três mulheres é ou foi submetida a algum tipo de violência, configurando um problema de saúde pública e de violação de direitos humanos que ocorre em todas as comunidades e culturas. Mulheres imigrantes estão entre os grupos desproporcionalmente mais afetados por este problema de saúde pública. Dado este contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é examinar a produção de conhecimento sobre este tema no Brasil em seus múltiplos contex- tos. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica situada no âmbito de uma revisão sistemática. A abordagem metodológica constitui-se na perspectiva de um Estado do Conhecimento. As categorias analíticas emergiram a partir da análise dos trabalhos encontrados nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) – desenvolvida e coordenada pelo IBICT –, a APA PsycNET, o PubMed e o Google Acadêmico entre 2010 e 2019.

Spanish Intimate Partner Violence Survivors Help-Seeking Strategies Across the Life Span

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and its associated factors may vary according to women's age. In this study, we analyze the effect of age on help-seeking behavior and the associated factors among women exposed to IPV in Spain. Using the Spanish Macrosurvey on Gender Violence of 2014, we analyzed the frequency of help-seeking behavior (police report, formal resources, and informal networks of support) in women who were exposed to lifetime physical/sexual or fear-based IPV (n = 1,567 women). We used Poisson regression models to obtain variables associated with support resources. The analysis was carried out in three age groups: young women (16-29 years old), adults (30-49 years old), and older women (50 years and over). Our results show that informal support networks are the most used resource by all women´s age groups. The probability of filing a police complaint increases among women exposured to physical IPV (PR_adult : 1.58; 
PR_elder : 2.17 ). The probability of using formal resources decreased among older women with low family socioeconomic status (PR: 0.80) and in adult women exposed to sexual IPV (PR: 0.78), and increased among young women and adult Spanish women (PR_young: 1.65; PR_adult: 1.34). The use of informal support networks increased among adult women with physical and mental health effects (PR: 1.22). In older women use of informal support networks was associated with the type of IPV (PR_physical: 1.14; PR_sexual: 0.88). The presence of minors who witnessed IPV increased help-seeking behavior among adult and older women.In conclusion, the knowledge of the differences in help-seeking strategies by women in different age groups could contribute to designing strategies to promote women's ability to seek formal help when exposed to IPV.

The meaning of the social support network for women in situations of violence and breastfeeding

Objective:

to understand the meanings attributed to the social support network of women breastfeeding and in situations of violence by an intimate partner.

Method:

a qualitative study, carried out with 21 women, through semi-structured interviews and data analyzed by the Method of Interpretation of the Senses in the light of the conceptual framework of Social Support Network.

Results:

all women suffered violence by the partner in the puerperium and only one of them maintained exclusive breastfeeding until 180 days postpartum. In the analysis, the category entitled “The action of the social support network in the face of breastfeeding in the context of intimate partner violence” emerged, with two subcategories: “Interpersonal support network” and “Institutional support network”. In the interpersonal network, the partner was little mentioned, on the other hand, there was a greater participation of other women. In the institutional network, non-resolution and actions centered on biological character were evident.

Conclusions:

the search for help in the interpersonal network stood out in comparison to the institutional network, both with regard to the issue of violence and breastfeeding and the actions related to it, mostly ineffective, characterized by counseling and referrals.